Weed control updates Ed Peachey, Horticulture OSU. What s up in beets Swiss chard Green onions Rhubarb Squash and pumpkins Mechanical innovations

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1 Weed control updates Ed Peachey, Horticulture OSU What s up in beets Swiss chard Green onions Rhubarb Squash and pumpkins Mechanical innovations

2 Disclaimer Please take note.not all herbicides or uses discussed in this presentation are registered.

3 Integrated Strategies to Improve Weed Control In Beets

4 Herbicide Screening 2012 Chard Beets Spinach Block 1

5 Finally, some good news

6 Objectives Determine best use patterns for Upbeet herbicide that will maximize weed control potential Factors 1. PRE herbicide (+/-) Nortron and Dual Mag 2. Upbeet application timing (2 lf, 4 lf) 3. Cultivation timing (2 lf, 4lf), one day after Upbeet applied 4. Spinaid (+/-) tankmix

7 Cultivation and PRE Herbicide Efficacy Trial 1/29/2014

9 Results Table 2. Weed and crop response to main effects applied to table beets (5= very important). Source Weed control Yield (5= very important) PRE herbicide 5 5 Cultivation 5 4 UpBeet 3 2 Spin-Aid 0 0 2lf UpBeet vs. 4lf UpBeet 3 0

10 The good and the ugly (32 t/a) (0.9 t/a)

11 Effect of Cultivation on Dual Magnum + Nortron efficacy (none vs 2 leaf) Dual Magnum + Nortron Dual Magnum + Nortron + Cultivation 2-lf

12 Effect of Cultivation on Dual Magnum + Nortron efficacy (2 leaf vs 4 leaf) Dual Magnum + Nortron + 2-lf cultivation Dual Magnum + Nortron + 4-lf Cultivation

13 Best weed control and yield (32 t/a) (30 t/a) Dual Magnum + Nortron + Upbeet 2-lf Cultivation 2-lf Dual Magnum + Nortron + Cultivation 2-lf Upbeet+ Spinaid 4-lf

14 To maximize weed control and yield If only using a Pre-herbicide.. Upbeet+Spinaid was needed If only using cultivation (no PRE) Upbeet+Spinaid was needed If using PRE + 2lf cultivation. Only Upbeet was needed (32 t/a) AND Spin-Aid tank mix reduced yield

15 -40% -48% Roneet Roneet + DMag + Nor Roneet + DMag + Nor +Upbeet 18.2 t/a 23.2 t/a 22.9 t/a

16 Nortron use rates 30 oz Nortron is too much in Dual Magnum tankmix

17 Summary If only using a Pre-herbicide.. Upbeet+Spinaid was needed If only using cultivation (no PRE) Upbeet+Spinaid was needed If using PRE + 2lf cultivation. Only Upbeet was needed (32 t/a) AND Spin-Aid tank mix reduced yield

18 Phenmedipham+ Desmedipham Broader weed control spectrum

19 Upbeet on Swiss chard? Postemergence treatments (2 or 4 lf ) Upbeet + Upbeet + Spinaid Upbeet Spinaid Stinger 1/2 or 1 oz 1.5 or 3 pts) (4 oz on all) Preemergence treatments Dual magnum (5.33, 10.66, 21.3 oz) Nortron (16 oz)

20 Untreated Upbeet 2 lf 0.5 oz Dual Magnum 21 oz Nortron 16 oz Upbeet 2 lf 0.5 oz Spinaid 1.5 pts Stinger 4 oz

21 Soil moisture and chard emergence Emergence Emergence Biomass harvest Very wet Wet Perfect Very dry

22 PROWL ON GREEN ONIONS

23 Delayed PRE in storage onions (75% germ)

24 Effect of Prowl Delayed-Pre on Onion Emergence 2012) Prowl rate Timing Onion emergence 8 DAT (Aug 30) Percent onion seedlings with flag leaf 77 DAT (Nov. 7) Weed control (2 ft of 2 rows) % flag leaf % 2 pts DelayedPre pts DelayedPre pts EPOST pts EPOST check FPLSD (0.05) ns 20 13

27 pendimethalin (Prowl H2O) Dry bulb onions and shallots only, direct-seeded or transplanted 1 to 3 pints/a Prowl H2O Delayed PRE for dry bulb onion only and after onions emerge (2 to 9-leaf stage). Apply when 75% of dry bulb onion seed radicals have emerged. Determine radical status by digging onion seedlings at random locations in a field, and noting radical length.

28 pendimethalin (Prowl H2O) Green onion crop subgroup chives (fresh leaves), leeks, spring onions, scallions, Japanese bunching onions, green shallots, and green eschalots 0.95 lb ai/a (2 pints/a) Preemergence, or postemergence at 2 to 3-leaf stage. 30 day PHI

29 Prowl H2O on green onions Only use on soil with greater than 3% OM 2 pts/a per application 4 pts per acre/season 30 day PHI Do not feed forage or graze livestock

30 RHUBARB

31 Quinclorac (Quinstar, Albaugh) Postemergence Selective control! Broadleaves

Foxtail (green and yellow) Barnyard grass Crabgrass

32 Weeds controlled Bindweeds Canada thistle (suppression) Clover Dandelion Perennial sowthistle Foxtail (green and yellow) Barnyard grass Crabgrass Bedstraw Dodder Lambsquarters Prickly lettuce Ragweed Sunflower

33 Best timing for bindweed control Apply before first killing frost in fall Must have enough growth on bindweed to intercept quinclorac actively growing, 4 in shoots Read the main label section on bindweed control.

34 Rates and adjuvants for Quinstar 12 oz/a Methylated seed oil preferred 1-2 pts/a (1.6 pts/20 gal = 1%) Can substitute COC at 1.25% Nitrogen (UAN at 0.25%)

35 Timing for in season control Allowed two applications per year Max 24 oz 30 day separation 30 day PHI

36 Rotational Restriction 10 months: wheat, sorghum 24 months: peas, beans, clover, tomato, sugar beets,

37 POTENTIAL OF FOMESAFEN (REFLEX) HERBICIDE FOR WEED CONTROL IN CUCURBITS Most herbicides discussed in this section are not registered

38 Golden delicious Cucurbita maxima

Fomesafen labels west of the Mississippi? March 9, 2011 Tolerance: This regulation establishes tolerances for residues of fomesafen in or on pepper (bell and non-bell), potato, and tomato.

39 Fomesafen labels west of the Mississippi? March 9, 2011 Tolerance: This regulation establishes tolerances for residues of fomesafen in or on pepper (bell and non-bell), potato, and tomato. Syngenta Crop Protection, Inc. requested these tolerances. Friday, September 28, 2012 IR-4 requests to establish tolerances for residues of fomesafen in or on cantaloupe; cucumber; pea, succulent; pumpkin; squash, summer; squash, winter; and watermelon at ppm; and vegetable, soybean, succulent (edamame) at 0.05 ppm.

40 Fomesafen (Reflex) on squash Initiated May 2012 Efficacy Crop Safety Carryover into 2013

41 Fomesafen carryover study corn wheat (Oct 2012) beet cabbage

43 Carryover Table 4. Beet growth study: and yield in Table 2013 following beet fomesafen data applied to squash in the spring o Fomesafen rate Obs Crop stand General crop injury rating Stunting Beet root and shoot yield (Aug 15, 2013) 31-May 31- May 13- Jun 6- Jul 13-Jun 6- Jul Beet plants Plant biomass Root yield lb ai//a % no/16 ft kg t/a FPLSD (0.05) ns 4 ns ns 9 ns ns ns ns

44 1/29/2014 OTHER CUCURBITS Zucchini Butternut Cucumber Dickinson

45 Butternut 2013 results Herb Emergence Crop injury Weed control Harvest (Oct 4) % % no fruit Avg. fruit wt Reflex 1pt Reflex 2pt Check Planted May 6 May 15 to 30; 4.75 in rain, big downpour on May 27 Very light soil; OM 2.27% and CEC 17.6

46 Technology

47 Row flamer

48 Row flamer

49 Bed flamer

50 Flaming onions

51 High clearance corn cultivator

52 High clearance corn cultivator

53 Stale seedbed tillage

54 Weed profile Horseweed, Marestail

55 Horseweed/ Marestail Conyza canadensis Not horsetail (Equisteum) Asteraceae (sunflower family) think dandelion Annual, winter, summer Glyphosate resistant in many places in E US, CA

56 History

Testing for Roundup Resistance 1 Wilsonville, Nursery 2 Canby, NWREC 3 Schultz, Monroe 4 Old River Rd, Monroe 5 Bellfountain 6 Talbot 7 Dayton 8 Jefferson I 9 Lincoln 10 Stayton 11 Jefferson II

58 Testing for Roundup Resistance 1 Wilsonville, Nursery 2 Canby, NWREC 3 Schultz, Monroe 4 Old River Rd, Monroe 5 Bellfountain 6 Talbot 7 Dayton 8 Jefferson I 9 Lincoln 10 Stayton 11 Jefferson II 12 Aurora 13 Boardman I Poplars 14 Boardman II Poplars 15 Patterson, WA, blueberries 16 Grandview, WA, vineyard,i 17 Grandview, WA, vineyard, II 18 Sunnyside, WA, mint 19 Gly susceptible Hanson CA

60 (1) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) phyto (0-10) Results WAT 0.5 lb ai/a 1 lb ai/a 0 SITE At 4 WAT all plants had died.

62 Questions? 1/29/2014