Market Food Security and Nutrition Analysis Unit - Somalia

Transcription

1 P.O. Box 123 Village Market, Nairobi, Kenya tel: fax: FSNAU is managed by FAO The boundaries and names on these maps do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. The regional & District boundaries reflect those endorsed by the Government of the Republic of Somalia in Market Food Security and Nutrition Analysis Unit - Somalia November 218 Update (Issued December 2, 218) Highlights Inflation: SoSh (Somali shilling)-using areas: Compared to one month ago, consumer Index (CPI) remained relatively stable in November 218. CPI declined by 16 percent compared to one year ago (November 217) in SoSh-using regions of central and southern Somalia due to decreases in cereal prices. Zeilac DJIBOUTI Awdal Borama Woq. Galbeed Burao Tog-Wajaale Hargeisa Togdheer Erigabo Sanag Sool Bossaso Bari SISh (Somaliland shilling)-using areas: The CPI remained relatively stable in November 218 but declined by 6 percent compared to a year ago (November 217), mainly due to a decline in cereal prices. Lasanod Galkayo Garowe Nugal Exchange rate: SoSh-using areas: The exchange rates between SoSh and the United States Dollar (USD) remained relatively stable in most regions of the country in November 218 compared to the previous month. Annual comparison indicates that SoSh depreciated against the USD in most of SoSh-using areas, with the highest depreciation recorded in northeast regions (2%) due to the cumulative impact of printing and supply of local currency notes in the region. SISh-using areas: The exchange rates between SoSh and USD remained relatively stable compared to both last month and a year ago (i.e., October 218 and November 217, respectively). Local cereal (white maize, red sorghum and white sorghum) prices either remained relatively stable or changed at mild rates (less than +/- 1%) in November 218 across Somalia. Compared to a year ago, local cereal prices were lower in most regions due to improved harvests in 218. s of imported food (rice, sugar, vegetable oil, wheat flour) mostly exhibited relative stability or mild monthly changes in local currency terms in November 218 in most regions of Somalia. For most food imports, prices also exhibited mild changes (mostly increases) in most central and southern regions compared to one year ago. Livestock prices for local quality goat and camel mostly exhibited mild changes (less than +/- 1%) in most regions of the country during November 218. Compared to a year ago (November 217), livestock prices were higher in most regions due to improved livestock body conditions this year. Milk prices exhibited mild decreases compared to a month ago in most regions as more animals give birth and milk supplies increased. Milk prices (camel and cattle) also exhibited mild changes (less than +/- 1%) in most regions of the country compared to last year (November 217). Dusa Mareb Galgadud El Barde Belet Weyne Haradhere Bakol Dolo Hudur Hiran Aden Yabal El Der Luuq Belet Xawo Gedo Baidoa M. Shabelle El Waq Qansah Dere Monitored Market Jowhar Dinsor Bay Wanle Weyne Bardera Market Catchment Afgoye Qoryoley Banadir Central Merka L. Shabelle Juba Valley Buale Juba Hagar North East Doobley Jilib Afmadow North West Jamame Shabelle Valley Kismayo Sorghum belt Food Security and Nutrition Analysis Unit - Somalia Abudwaq Mudug Major Road Regional Boundary This Market Update is a monthly report that presents analysis of market information and is produced regularly as part of the monthly monitoring process. The weekly price data is collected from 46 main markets and 2 rural markets throughout Somalia since 199. Market analysis is an integral part of all of FSNAU s annual food security projections and seasonal technical reports (Technical Reports on FSNAU Post Gu and Post Deyr Analysis). Detailed market data are available online on www. fsnau.org/ids. Labor (unskilled) wages changed mildly (less than +/-1%) in November 218 across all regions of Somalia. Compared to a year ago, labor wages mostly exhibited increases due to relatively improved agricultural labor opportunities this year, with the exception of labor wage rates in Shabelle Valley which declined moderately (by 16%). (ToT) between daily labor wage and cereals either remained relatively stable or changed mildly (+/- 1-3kgs/daily wage) in most regions of the country in November 218. Annual comparison between November 218 and November 217 indicates higher ToT this year between daily labor and cereals in most regions due to increased labor wages and/or decrease in cereal prices this year. The ToT between local quality goat and cereals mostly exhibited mild changes in most regions of the country in November 218. Annual comparison indicates higher ToT this year between goat and cereal due to increased goat prices and/or decrease in cereal prices. Siege-affected towns (Bulo-Burto, Wajid, Dinsor and Hudur) Labor (unskilled) wages in November 218 remained either relatively stable or changed at mild rates (less than +/- 1%) compared to a month ago. Annual comparison indicates higher labor wages (13-3%) in November 218 compared to last year (November 217) in Hudur and Wajid due to improved cropping activities but mildly declined in Bulo-Burte (by 1%) while wages remained stable in Dinsor. (ToTs) between daily labor wages and local cereals and between local quality goats and cereals remained relatively stable in November 218 but increased compared to a year ago due to decrease in cereal prices and/or increase in daily labor wage rates. Local grain (red and white sorghum) prices declined in Hudur and Dinsor (6-36%) but increased moderately (13-2%) in Bulo-Burte and Wajid during November 218. Compared to a year ago, local grain prices declined from moderate to high levels with the highest decline (62%) recorded in Dinsor due to increased supply from the 218 Gu bumper harvest and easing of restrictions on movement of trade this year. s of imported food items (rice, sugar, vegetable oil, wheat flour) changed at mild rates (less than +/-1%) for most of the food imports in all siege-affected markets in November 218. Compared to a year ago (November 217), prices of most food imports declined in most of the markets that continue to be affected by trade disruptions due to insecurity.

2 National Trends: CPI, Exchange Rates, Cereal s and Relative Purchasing Power Table 1: ToT betwen Daily Wage Rate and Cereals by Region November 218 Regions Banadir/Mogadishu (White maize) November 218 (kg) October 218 kg change from November 217 November yr ( ) Bay (Red sorghum) Bakool (Red sorghum) Gedo (Red sorghum) Juba (White maize) Shabelle (White maize) Northwest (Imported Rice) 12 2 Northeast (Imported Rice) Figure 1: Wheat s: Mogadishu and Bossaso Markets per Kg 2, 18, 16, 14, 12, 1, 8, Bossaso Mogadishu November December January February March April May June July August September October November Central (Imported Rice) Source: FSNAU Manfest Monitoring System Figure 2: Between Wage Rates and Selected Cereals Figure 3: ly Exchange Rate for Selected Regions (SoSh and SlSh to USD) Kg Cereal per Daily Wage Rate TOT to Sorghum (Sorghum Belt) TOT to Rice (NW) TOT to Maize (Juba & Shabelle) TOT to Rice (Central & NE) SoSh per US Dollar 4, 3, 3, 2, 2, 1, Baidoa(SoSh) Bosasso(SoSh) Galkayo(SoSh) Mogadishu(SoSh) Hargeisa(SlSh) 11, 1, 9, 8, 7, 6,, SlSh per US Dollar Figure 4: ly Trends in Consumer Index (CPI, March 27=1) CPI CPI Central CPI North(Sosh) CPI North(SlSh) CPI South CPI somalia (SoShs) per Kg (SoSH) Figure : ly Trends in Local Cereal s 39, 36, 33, 3, 27, 24, 21, 18, 1, 12, 9, 6, 3, Juba Valley(White Maize 1 kg) Shabelle Valley(White Maize 1 kg) NE (Red Sorghum 1 kg) SorghumBelt(Red Sorghum 1 kg) Central(Red Sorghum 1 kg) NW (White Sorghum 1 kg) 16, 14, 12, 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, per Kg (SLSH) 2

3 Regional analysis: Juba Regions -Year ( ) Real Same -year avrg ( ) Imported Commodities s Diesel 1 litre 24,6 2,62 22,87 23,7 11,189 4% 1% -3% Imported Red Rice 1kg 16,478 16,219 16,688 16,844 7,96 1% 4% 2% Petrol 1 litre 27,744 22,96 24, 2,47 12,43 4% 12% -8% Sugar 18,138 16,938 16,844 17, 7,98 1% % -6% Vegetable Oil 1 litre 31,2 29, 29,281 29,7 14,41 2% 3% -% Wheat Flour 1kg 16,38 1,969 16,281 16, 7,743 1% 3% 1% Wheat Grain 1kg Cereal s Red Sorghum 1kg 7,99 6,97 6,7 6,617 3,4-1% -% -17% White Maize 1kg 8,33 7,847 7,163 7,741 3,79 8% -1% -7% Livestock & Livestock Product s Camel Local Quality (Head) 9,771,178 11,133,7 12,63,71 11,83,12,61,67-6% 6% 21% Cattle Local Quality (Head) 3,69,13 3,6, 3,446,429 3,49, 1,661,11 1% -2% -% Fresh Camel Milk 1 litre 18,932 2,281 17,938 16,469 7,728-8% -19% -13% Goat Export Quality (Head) 1,349,9 1,76,63 1,6,2 1,473,438 7,243-2% -7% 9% Goat Local Quality (Head) 894, ,438 92,188 86,87 47,183 -% -4% -4% Charcoal kg 87,67 93,96 16,94 17,188,848 1% 14% 22% Cowpeas 1 kg 23,72 29, 19,344 19,813 9,317 2% -32% -16% Unskilled Labor Wage Rate 91,4 13,16 113,96 17,969 1,219 -% % 19% Firewood Bundle 9,14 8,219 7,344 7,2 3,346-1% -12% -21% Local Sesame Oil 1 litre 67,878 2,62 6, 8,691 27,797 4% 12% -14% Exchange Rate (Somali Shilling per USD) 22,34 23,88 24,78 24,2 11,426 1% % 9% Wage (Daily)/ Cereal (Maize(Kg) % 8% 27% Local Goat (Head)/ Cereal (Maize(Kg) % -3% -2% Indices Consumer Index % -1% - Figure 6: Trends in Cereal s Figure 7: Trends in Wage Rates and Relative Purchasing Power 12, /Cereal TOT 2 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, Figure 8: Imported Commodity s Compared to Exchange Rate Figure 9: Goat Local Quality 6, 4, 2, Relative Purchasing power wage to cereal (Kg/daily Wage) per Unit (SoSh) Figure 1: Exchange Rate Figure 11: Water Drum (2 litres) 3

4 Regional analysis: Sorghum Belt Regions (Bay, Bakool, Gedo and Hiran) -Year ( ) Real Same -year avrg ( ) Imported Commodities s Diesel 1 litre 27,79 24,7 26,633 26,771 12,62 1% 8% -4% Imported Red Rice 1kg 18,68 19,229 19,72 19,813 9,317 % 3% 6% Petrol 1 litre 29,24 27,792 28, 29,83 13,723 2% % % Sugar 2,376 2,64 2,3 2,42 9,426-1% -3% -2% Vegetable Oil 1 litre 37,66 3,42 37,79 37,333 17,64-1% 7% -1% Wheat Flour 1kg 17,98 17,94 18,33 18,62 8,73 % 6% 4% Wheat Grain 1kg 18,17 18,8 18,9 18,813 8,842-1% % 4% Cereal s Red Sorghum 1kg 9,164 11,123 7,449 7,384 3,41-1% -34% -19% White Maize 1kg 1,9 1,88 8,223 8,86 3,981 4% -21% -1% Livestock & Livestock Product s Camel Local Quality (Head) 12,286,234 11,661,2 11,76, 11,31,7,39,23-4% -3% -8% Cattle Local Quality (Head) 3,2,71 2,782,87 2,972, 2,982,813 1,417,667 % 7% -1% Fresh Camel Milk 1 litre 19,371 2,896 28,2 26,417 12,46-6% 2% 36% Goat Export Quality (Head) 1,33,19 1,493,864 1,17,91 1,26,364 72,399 1% 2% % Goat Local Quality (Head) 916,8 82,78 911,167 92, 437,187 1% 8% % Charcoal kg 16,33 181,818 19, ,318 89,88-3% 4% 21% Cowpeas 1 kg 27,271 3,271 24,47 23,646 11,139-3% -33% -13% Unskilled Labor Wage Rate 99,633 13,229 17, ,34 2,828 4% 8% 12% Firewood Bundle 6,74 6,12,638,646 2,84 % -8% -14% Local Sesame Oil 1 litre 8,64 81,28 79,111 82,639 39,179 4% 1% 2% Exchange Rate (Somali Shilling per USD) 22,347 23,138 24,422 24,628 11,66 1% 6% 1% Wage (Daily)/ Cereal (Rice (Kg) 6-2% 2% 2% Local Goat (Head)/ Cereal (Rice (Kg) % % -6% Indices Consumer Index % -1% - 3, 2, 2, 1, 1,, Figure 12: Trends in Cereal s Gedo Cereal (Red Sorghum) Bay Cereal (Red Sorghum) Bakool Cereal (Red Sorghum) Hiraan Cereal (White Sorghum) Figure 13:Trends in Wage Rates and Relative Purchasing Power 14, 12, 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, /Cereal TOT Relative Purchasing power wage to cereal (Kg/daily Wage) Figure 14: Imported Commodity s Compared to Exchange Rate Figure 1: Goat Local Quality 6, 4, 2, per Unit (SoSh) Figure 16: Exchange Rate Figure 17: Water Drum (2 litres) 4

5 Regional analysis: Shabelle Regions -Year ( ) Real Same -year avrg ( ) Imported Commodities s Diesel 1 litre 22,483 16,7 2,87 2,98 9,862 % 2% -7% Imported Red Rice 1kg 16,416 1,833 1,42 1,78 7,366 1% -1% -4% Petrol 1 litre 2,396 19,7 22,87 22,7 1,713-1% 1% -1% Sugar 18,129 17,167 1,83 1,667 7,347 1% -9% -14% Vegetable Oil 1 litre 28,433 29,792 26,98 26,792 12,63-1% -1% -6% Wheat Flour 1kg 16,423 14,42 14,62 1,292 7,168 % % -7% Wheat Grain 1kg 16,233 16, 16, 14, 6,792-9% -12% -11% Cereal s Red Sorghum 1kg 1,112 1,33 7,418 8,129 3,764 1% -21% -2% White Maize 1kg 7,2 7,13 4,77 4,862 2,211 2% -31% -31% Livestock & Livestock Product s Camel Local Quality (Head) 17,298,374 18,231,2 17,1, 16,96,87 7,6,938-6% -12% -7% Cattle Local Quality (Head),336, 4,468,7 4,281,2 3,989,37 1,896,98-7% -11% -2% Fresh Camel Milk 1 litre 2,79 21,417 24,2 23,167 1,912-4% 8% 13% Goat Export Quality (Head) 1,719,291 1,722, 1,89,62 1,873,12 89,219-1% 9% 9% Goat Local Quality (Head) 1,283,87 1,26,2 1,42,83 1,424,83 677,21-2% 13% 11% Charcoal kg 138, ,917 12,43 17,43 74,716 3% 6% 13% Cowpeas 1 kg 2,86 41,264 1,444 1,28 7,281 1% -62% -4% Unskilled Labor Wage Rate 77,94 8, 67,292 67,83 31,78 % -16% -14% Firewood Bundle 7,18 6,48 7, 6,792 3,128-3% % -4% Local Sesame Oil 1 litre 8,82 7,42 8,83 62,78 29,76 8% 9% 7% Exchange Rate (Somali Shilling per USD) 22,42 23,338 24,196 24,167 11,387 % 4% 8% Wage (Daily)/ Cereal (Maize(Kg) % 27% 27% Local Goat (Head)/ Cereal (Maize(Kg) % 64% 9% Indices Consumer Index % -1% - Figure 18: Trends in Cereal s Figure 19: Trends in Wage Rates and Relative Purchasing Power 14, 12, 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, Cereal 12, 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, /Cereal TOT Relative purchasing power wage to cereal (kg/daily wage) Figure 2: Imported Commodity s Compared to Exchange Rate Figure 21: Goat Local Quality per Unit (SoSh) 6, 4, 2, Figure 22: Exchange Rate Figure 23: Water Drum (2 litres)

6 Regional analysis: Banadir Region -Year ( ) Real Same -year avrg ( ) Imported Commodities s Diesel 1 litre 17,611 13,72 13,92 1,642 7,33 12% 14% -11% Imported Red Rice 1kg 12,416 11,98 11,4 11,917,64 4% % -4% Petrol 1 litre 19,89 16,833 17,2 18,117 8,11 % 8% -9% Sugar 14,91 14,12 13,67 13, 6,79-1% -8% -8% Vegetable Oil 1 litre 22,341 21,667 21,17 21,333 1,4-1% -2% -% Wheat Flour 1kg 12,4 11,12 1,68 1,917,89 3% -2% -12% Wheat Grain 1kg 1,662 14,37 1,8 16, 7, 1% 11% % Cereal s Red Sorghum 1kg 7,96 9,22 7,892 8,442 3,913 7% -8% 11% White Maize 1kg 8,833 9,82 8,762 9,142 4,24 4% -7% 3% Livestock & Livestock Product s Camel Local Quality (Head) Cattle Local Quality (Head) Fresh Camel Milk 1 litre 23,7 26,333 27,333 27,833 13,129 2% 6% 17% Goat Export Quality (Head) 2,4, 2,, 2,8, 2,9, 993,32 % -16% -18% Goat Local Quality (Head) 2,126, 2,12, 1,66, 1,61, 767,29-3% -24% -24% Charcoal kg 2, 22,83 221, 221,917 1,38 % 1% 11% Cowpeas 1 kg 23,48 36,667 2,163 19,867 9,343-1% -46% -1% Unskilled Labor Wage Rate 111,333 91,2 93, 9,417 42,876-3% -1% -19% Firewood Bundle 7, 8, 8, 8, 3,72 % % 6% Local Sesame Oil 1 litre 8,433 4,83 6, 7,83 27,32 -% 6% -2% Exchange Rate (Somali Shilling per USD) 22,269 22,98 24,117 24,333 11,466 1% 6% 9% Wage (Daily)/ Cereal (Rice(Kg) % % -11% Local Goat (Head)/ Cereal (Rice(Kg) % -24% -2% Indices Consumer Index % -1% - Figure 24: Trends in Cereal s Figure 2: Bakara: Trends in Wage Rates and Relative Purchasing Power 2, 18, 16, Cereal (Maize) 22, 2, 18, /Cereal TOT , 12, 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, Figure 26: Imported Commodity s Compared to Exchange Rate 6, 16, 14, 12, 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, Figure 27: Goat Local Quality Relative purchasing power wage to cereal (kg/daily wage) 4, 2, per Unit (SoSh) Figure 28: Exchange Rate Figure 29: Wheat Flour 6

7 Regional analysis: Central Regions -Year ( ) Real Same -year avrg ( ) Imported Commodities s Diesel 1 litre 23,24 2, 2,8 21,4 1,121 3% 7% -8% Imported Red Rice 1kg 18,322 18,8 19,2 19,2 9,7 % 2% % Petrol 1 litre 23,92 24,4 2, 26, 12,81 6% 9% 11% Sugar 2,1 22, 22,6 22,2 1,3-2% 1% 8% Vegetable Oil 1 litre 38,3 37,6 36, 36, 17,94 % -4% -7% Wheat Flour 1kg 16,38 16,6 17,4 17,8 8,42 2% 7% 9% Wheat Grain 1kg 16,6 19,6 19, 16,333 7,71-14% -17% -2% Cereal s Red Sorghum 1kg 13,2 16,2 13,2 11,8,36-11% -27% -11% White Maize 1kg 13,89 17, 16,2 16,27 7,673 % -7% 17% Livestock & Livestock Product s Camel Local Quality (Head) 12,123,7 12,2, 13,, 14,112, 6,74,284 4% 16% 16% Cattle Local Quality (Head) Fresh Camel Milk 1 litre 33,438 49,6 61,1,7 24,139-17% 2% 2% Goat Export Quality (Head) 1,4, 1,, 1,74,667 1,84,667 88,722 6% 24% 32% Goat Local Quality (Head) 1,36,8 1,, 1,274,8 1,336,8 638,38 % 27% 29% Charcoal kg 173,16 166, 22,4 22,4 1,167 % 33% 27% Cowpeas 1 kg 29,18,4 29,4 28,6 13,6-3% -48% -3% Unskilled Labor Wage Rate 91, 98, 117, 117,,781 % 19% 28% Firewood Bundle 33,48 33, 36,2 36,6 17,381 1% 11% 9% Local Sesame Oil 1 litre 84,3 82,6 8, 84, 4,2-1% 2% -1% Exchange Rate (Somali Shilling per USD) 23,38 24,2 2,844 26,219 12,423 1% 8% 14% Wage (Daily)/ Cereal (Rice Kg) % 2% 2% Local Goat (Head)/ Cereal (Rice Kg) % 2% 2% Camel (Head)/Cereal (Rice Kg) % 13% 11% Indices Consumer Index % -1% - 4, 3, Figure 3: Trends in Cereal s Figure 31: Trends in wage rates and relative purchasing power 12, 2 3, 1, 2 2, 2, 1, 1,, 8, 6, 4, 2, /Cereal TOT 1 1 Relative purchasing power wage to cereal (kg/daily wage) Figure 32: Imported Commodity s Compared to Exchange Rate 8, 6, 4, 2, per Unit (SoSh) Figure 33: Goat Local Quality Figure 34: Exchange Rate Figure 3: Water Drum (2 litres) 7

8 Regional analysis: Northeast Regions -Year ( ) Real Same -year avrg ( ) Imported Commodities s Diesel 1 litre 2,972 2,87 27,71 27,179 9,89-1% 3% 3% Imported Red Rice 1kg 16,969 17,929 19,77 2,37 6,782 3% 14% 2% Petrol 1 litre 22,78 24, 3,846 3,9 1,347 % 29% 37% Sugar 2,9 22,143 21,71 21,929 7,314 2% -1% 9% Vegetable Oil 1 litre 34,771 34,2 36,393 37,286 12,6 2% 9% 7% Wheat Flour 1kg 16,34 17,2 18, 18,821 6,263 2% 9% 1% Wheat Grain 1kg 3,24 32,6 34,72 34,8 11,66 % 7% 1% Cereal s Red Sorghum 1kg 23,97 28,2 26, 26, 8,89 2% -6% 11% White Maize 1kg 23,4 26, 23,2 22,2 7,422-4% -14% -% Livestock & Livestock Product s Camel Local Quality (Head) 14,813,834 1,344, 16,786,4 16,49,,74,894-2% 7% 11% Cattle Local Quality (Head) 8,97, 11,2, 14,7, 1,,,71,1 2% 33% 67% Fresh Camel Milk 1 litre 42,164 6, 4,944 6,14 19,6 3% -6% 34% Goat Export Quality (Head) 1,42, 1,, 1,678, 1,677, 67,3 % 12% 2% Goat Local Quality (Head) 1,31,928 1,431,71 1,631, 1,6,714 7,979 1% 1% 26% Charcoal kg 368, 392, 399,87 396, ,926-1% 1% 8% Cowpeas 1 kg 44,86 72, 6,17 61,229 2,61 2% -1% 37% Unskilled Labor Wage Rate 137, ,67 1,929 1,714,84 % 6% 1% Firewood Bundle 38,,893 6,71 62,321 2,97-4% 22% 62% Local Sesame Oil 1 litre 11,4 19,7 118,4 123,6 41,687 4% 13% 22% Exchange Rate (Somali Shilling per USD) 22,673 26,321 3,886 31,464 1,37 2% 2% 39% Wage (Daily)/ Cereal (Rice(Kg) % -13% -13% Local Goat (Head)/ Cereal (Rice(Kg) % 1% % Indices Consumer Index % 3% - 3, 2, 2, 1, 1,, Figure 36: Trends in Cereal s Cereal (Rice) Figure 37: Trends in Wage Rates and Relative Purchasing Power 16, 14, 12, 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, /Cereal TOT Relative purchasing power wage to cereal (kg/daily wage) Figure 38: Imported Commodity s Compared to Exchange Rate Figure 39: Goat Local Quality 6, 4, 2, per Unit (SoSh) Figure 4: Exchange Rate Figure 41: Water Drum (2 litres) 8

9 Regional analysis: Northwest Regions -Year ( ) Real Same -year avrg ( ) Imported Commodities s Diesel 1 litre 6,429 7, 7,88 7,34,334-7% % 14% Imported Red Rice 1kg,318,8 6,78 6,34 4,94-6% 9% 19% Petrol 1 litre 7,462 8,1 8,94 8,9 6,489 % 1% 19% Sugar 6,21 7,1 7,6 7,,82-1% -1% 16% Vegetable Oil 1 litre 13,32 12, 11,94 13, 9,24 9% 4% % Wheat Flour 1kg 4,69,1,32, 3,62-6% -2% 7% Wheat Grain 1kg 3,971,7 4,77 4,87 3,9 2% -4% 23% Cereal s White Sorghum 1kg 4,316,3 4,7 4,6 3,3-2% -13% 7% Yellow Maize 1kg 4,639 6,6 6,12 6,37 4,619 4% -4% 37% Livestock & Livestock Product s Camel Local Quality (Head) 4,121,8 4,67, 4,76,667 4,68,333 3,411,4-2% -1% 12% Cattle Local Quality (Head) 2,412,33 2,96, 2,94, 3,1,833 2,228,8 2% 2% 2% Fresh Camel Milk 1 litre 8,6 1, 11, 9,8 7,1-11% -7% 22% Goat Export Quality (Head) 46,3 48,62 4,7 3, ,96-3% 1% 16% Goat Local Quality (Head) 362,27 421,6 47,4 47, 338,93-4% 9% 26% Charcoal kg 6,9 74,9 8,24 87, 64,37 2% 16% 34% Cowpeas 1 kg 13,12 19, 16,8 16,2 11,93-4% -14% 2% Unskilled Labor Wage Rate 4,813 69, 79,2 9,9 44,282-24% -13% 9% Firewood Bundle 4,83 6,,833, 3,972-6% -1% 13% Local Sesame Oil 1 litre 33,32 36,7 34, 3,63 26,228 3% -3% 7% Exchange Rate (Somaliland Shilling per USD) 7,746 1,2 9,974 9,967 7,279 % -1% 29% Wage (Daily)/ Cereal (Rice(Kg) % -2% -1% Local Goat (Head)/ Cereal (Rice(Kg) % -1% 6% Indices Consumer Index % -6% - Figure 42: Trends in Cereal s Figure 43: Trends in Wage Rates and Relative Purchasing Power 7, 1, 2 6, /Cereal TOT SLSH, 4, 3, 2, 1, Cereal (Rice) SLSH 8, 6, 4, 2, Relative purchasing power wage to cereal (kg/daily wage) Figure 44: Imported Commodity s Compared to Exchange Rate Figure 4: Goat Local Quality 14, 12, 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, per Unit (SLSh) SOMALILAND SHILLINGS PER DOLLAR Figure 46: Exchange Rate Figure 47: Water Drum (2 litres) 9

10 Trends in Livestock Exports Table 1: Berbera Livestock Exports (Number of Heads) (Jan-Sept) Shoats Cattle , Camel , Figure 48: Berbera Livestock Exports (Number of Heads) Number of Heads 3,6, 3,4, 3,2, 3,, 2,8, 2,6, 2,4, 2,2, 2,, 1,8, 1,6, 1,4, 1,2, 1,, 8, 6, 4, 2, Camel Cattle Shoats YEAR Table 2: Bossaso Livestock Exports (Number of Heads) (Jan-Nov) Shoats Cattle , Camel Figure 49: Bossaso Livestock Exports (Number of Heads) Number of Heads 3,6, 3,4, 3,2, 3,, 2,8, 2,6, 2,4, 2,2, 2,, 1,8, 1,6, 1,4, 1,2, 1,, 8, 6, 4, 2, Camel Cattle Shoats YEAR 1

11 Trends in Cereal Imports Table 3: Total Cereal Imports through Berbera, Bossaso and Mogadishu Ports (Tonnes) * * * 216* (Jan-Nov) Rice 63, Wheat flour Pasta * Elman (Mogadishu) is up to November 21. Mogadishu data (Elmaan Port) for 213 includes only January - March imports. Berbera Data is up to December 216 Figure : Total Cereal Imports (Berbera, Bossaso and Mogadishu) 4, 3, Rice Wheat flour Pasta 3, 2, Tonnes 2, 1, 1,, Year 11