Great Wall of Tongke Tongke A Climate Change & Disaster Risk Management & So Much More a case study from South Sulawesi Indonesia.

Transcription

1 Great Wall of Tongke Tongke A Climate Change & Disaster Risk Management & So Much More a case study from South Sulawesi Indonesia Maeve Nightingale ECOSYSTEMS AND LIVELIHOODS GROUP, ASIA

2 Outline 1. The Tongke Tongke story 2. What does this case study demonstrate? 3. The secrets of success? ECOSYSTEMS AND LIVELIHOODS GROUP, ASIA

3 3 Tongke Tongke, Sinjai District

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5 5 Systematic development of 115 ha of mangrove area over 35 years

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7 The Tongke Tongke Story Early C20 Tongke Tongke harbour for domestic transportation Rhizophora species not found only Nypa fructans, Avicennia Spp, and Bruguiera Spp. Villagers mainly fishers 1930 s Raja Bulo Bulo Timur constructs fish ponds 1940s Dutch colonial period occupation by Japan the Kahar Movement villagers forced to leave 1960s villagers return from exile and resume subsistence existence the coastline is exposed and fishponds washed away Villagers from Pangasa a neighboring village start to plant Rhizophora mucronata in order to strengthen protection to fish ponds & expand their land area for fishponds & residential uses 7

8 Early 1980s - The people of Tongke Tongke adopt a systematic practice of planting mangroves Rhizophora mucronata motivated primarily by the need for increased protection from increasing natural hazards (cyclones, on shore winds, sea water intrusion), need for fire wood, wood for construction, and the clear incentive of securing property rights to new land Asset building. the planters emerged 8

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11 The process maintenance of storm shield/ bioshield to protect village assets while at the same time benefitting from shoreline creation Planting for storm protection land accretion (10-15 years) land uses asset building & livelihood 11

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15 Conflict between mangrove planters and fishers 1985 the mangrove planters group established under Mr. BB ACI intensive expansion of mangroves Public interest many groups visited to learn from them District government of Sinjai also interested & promoted the mangrove development & tourism 1995 Tongke Tongke awarded the Kalpataru award More publicity and opportunities (exposure visits, assistance programs) Sept 2000 Sinjai District Fish Marketing center was built on mangrove forested land the first large scale legal conversion leadership conflict re-organization 15

16 16 Conflict between fishers and planters (mangrove planters)

17 17 District government of Sinjai interested & promotes tourism development

18 18 Sept 2000 Sinjai District Fish Marketing center was built on mangrove forested land the first large scale legal conversion

19 What does the Tongke Tongke case study demonstrate? Multiple needs, multiple activities of coastal communities the need for integration and adaptation: storm protection/ security of life & property biodiversity & protection of livelihoods from fishing & aquaculture, agriculture sustainable use of mangroves for construction & firewood land claim for housing & fish pond protection property/ assets property rights informal recognition of assets by government Multiple needs suit integrated/ ecosystems based approaches the ecosystem approach is critical for ensuring environmental safeguards 19

20 The secrets of success in Tongke Tongke Leadership & vision Adaptive management Community participation & transparent planning Economic benefits to local people user rights maintenance of mangrove plantations long-term protection & conservation longterm Recognition of property rights by government (informal) No significant project interventions self help initiative people power Slow and steady 20

21 21 Leadership & vision

22 22 Today more than 115 families are involved and the new mangrove area/ storm shield has reached 511 ha

23 23 A monument to human achievement