HOW WILL VIETNAM OBTAIN MAJOR GOALS ON SUSTAINABLE RICE PRODUCTION IN THE NEXT DECADE

Transcription

1 ICSSAsia201 Hanoi, March 2-4, 2011 HOW WILL VIETNAM OBTAIN MAJOR GOALS ON SUSTAINABLE RICE PRODUCTION IN THE NEXT DECADE BUI CHI BUU The Institute of Agricultural Sciences for Southern Vietnam The Institute of Agricultural Sciences for Southern Vietnam

2 National strategies to mitigate and adapt to climate change in Vietnam Weather and climate are still key factors in agricultural productivity despite technological advances such as improved crop varieties and irrigation systems

3 HEAT In Vietnam, CO 2 has increased from 6.7 % in up to 10.6 % in In 2020 scenario, the average temperature will increase (as compared to ) C in North-West; C in North-East; C in North Central Coastal Region; C in South Central Coastal Region; C in High Plateau; C in Southern part.

4 Temperature increase at the 2020 s scenario

5 CURRENT RICE PRODUCTION IN 2009: 86.4 M. people Av. = + 1 m. baby / year as compared to 2001: Rice growing areas downed 58,700 ha/yr Rice cultivated areas downed 352,000 ha Poor farmer Department of Crop Production (2008)

6 Current rice production Grain yield (t/ha) 5.23 Production (MT) 40.0 Export (MT) 6.87 % DT DT (1.000 ha) Irrigated ,440 Rainfed Deepwater Upland

7 CHALLENGES Sea level in Vietnam will raise up cm in million people would migrate

8 TO TRANSMIT VIRUS DISEASES BROWN PLANT HOPPER: CURRENT CHALLENGE

9 T 0 increase in 2100 Scenario one with low gas emission: C Scenario two with high gas emission: C Scenario three with medium gas emission: C

10 Scenario three 1. annual rainfall at the end of century 21 will increase 5% as compared to the period of ; 2. sea level will raise up 30 cm and 75 cm in 2050 and 2100, respectively;

11 GREEN HOUSE EFFECT Agriculture creates gas emission of 14% when conducting farming conversion Deforestation for other purposes creates gas emission of 17% Otherwise, agriculture is considered as a source to mitigate CO 2 HOW TO PREVENT SLASH AND BURN CULTURE IN UPLAND

12 SALT INTRUSION

13 Varieties adapted to water depth of 30-50cm Growth duration days or days Drought tolerance at seedling stage Tolerance to salt intrusion before wet season (EC = 4-6 ds/m)

14 DEVELOPMENT SUBMERGENCE TOLERANT RICE VARIETIES Nguyen Thi Lang,Trinh T.Thuy, Tran V. Canh, T. D. Thuan, Bui Chi Buu, Labios Romeo, Ismail Abdebagi, Dave Mackill MARKER-AIDED SELECTION

15 STAGNANT FLOOD IN MEKONG DELTA FLASH FLOOD IN COASTAL AREAS 0.8 m Ha 0.6 m Ha

16 Strategies for Improving the submerngence tolerance in rice Genetic Engineering Cloning target genes Expression of genes Natural genetic variation for potential traits QTL Mapping Marker-assisted selection Transgenic plants Introgression lines Evaluation of the trait Field performance

17 Three ERF transcription factor genes in the Sub1 locus: Specific alleles and expression Sub1C Sub1B Sub1C Sub1A Sub1B Sub1 Chr. 9 RM316 RM219 RM524 RM6051 FR13A derivate RM434 RM242 RM215 Nipponbare Xu K, Deb R, Mackill DJ (2004) Crop Sci 44: Xu K et al (2006) Nature 442:

18 Marker SL1 on chr. 9 linked to Sub-1 gene

19 OM1490/IR64 Sub1 240 bp 230bp PCR based marker with RM23805

20 Varieties selected by farmers: IR , IR and IR05F102 for Sub-1 rice; OM6065, OM4900, OM5464 and OM4218 for local rice. IR64sub-1 is doing DUS Recovery ability: 17-day complete submergence OM1490 / IR64-Sub 1 RM202 RM223 RM231 RM235 RM237

21 DEVELOPMENT DROUGHT TOLERANT RICE VARIETIES

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23 chr No. of markers QTL map analysis Length (cm) Av. Between two markers Total

24 So sánh bản đồ

25 Azucena Introgression (8Mbp) Fine mapping CANDIDATE cho gen GENESkhô hạn QTL9 Bản đồ vật lý Bản đồ di truyền F 2 Chr. 9 RM 201 AB1 2,5 cm RM 328 AB38 FR7 RM101 AB7 AB35 AB28 0,26 cm 0,42 cm Candidate region gene

26 Cloning of candidate genes Clones 7 0 3, 13A 9, 45B 24

27 CLONING Southern Hybridization on BAC clone indicating the absence by 7.5kb vetor 7.5 kb Vector Clone 13 A 9 7 O 3

28 DNA sequence of BAC clone 13A 9 13A9 1 ggagaaagatgttttaattggtgaaaaaaattttttgtttgataataaataaaaataaaa 61 aatacgaaaaaattataagatgttaattgttattaaccgaatgtggttatattgatgaag 121 ataaaggtgaaaatgggtgtgtggtgttttaaatgataaggtgtgtataaattgttgggc 181 aaagaaaaacacaatgatatgattttttttttgaaaaatagaatagaaaagtggtgacca 241 ccagcgaaatcgttgaaaaatgaataaaaaatgaaggtggttattggtgagtgaaaaaga 301 ttgttgtaaaatgaattgatattgtatttttttttgtggtggggacaacgacatcccggc 361 tccgggtaacccctttttttatttacggggtccgagctcgcggcccagtcgcaggcgccg 421 cggcgccccgtgcccgtgggaggtgttaattttgtgtggggaaagagggttggggggttt 481 tctttcgccctgggggtggggctccaaaaaaaagtaaaaaaaaaaaaccaaaaggggtgg 541 gtggggttttccccccccccctttccccccccccccctcccccccccccatctttgtgtt 601 gtttttgcacgtcagagcacgagcccttgggagagagcgacgccgtattttcccctttct 661 cacacacacaacaggatcgtttacagccgcgagtggtgtcttctgtttctttcgttttgt >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 721 ttcgtttatcgttgggtgctggagaaagatgttttaattggtgaaaaaaattttttgttt 781 gataataaataaaaataaaaaatacgaaaaaattataagatgttaattgttattaaccga 841 atgtggttatattgatgaagataaaggtgaaaatgggtgtgtggtgttttaaatgataag <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< 901 gtgtgtataaattgttgggcaaagaaaaacacaatgatatgattttttttttgaaaaata 961 gaatagaaaagtggtgaccaccagcgaaatcgttgaaaaatgaataaaaaatgaaggtgg 1021 ttattggtgagtgaaaaagattgttgtaaaatgaattgatattgtattttttttttgtgg 1081 tggggacaacgacatcccggctccgggtaacccctttttttatttacggggtccgagctc 1141 gcggcccagtcgcaggcgccgcggcgccccgtgcccgtgggaggtgttaattttgtgtgg 1201 ggaaagagggttggggggttttctttcgccctgggggtggggctccaaaaaaaagtaaaa 1261 aaaaaaaaccaaaaggggtgggtggggttttccccccccccctttccccccccccccctc 1321 ccccccccccatctttgtgttgtttttgcacgtcagagcacgagcccttgggagagagcg 1381 acgccgtattttcccctttctcacacacacaacaggatcgtttacagccgcgagtggtgt 1441 cttctgtttctttcgttttgtttcgtttatcgttgggtgct

29 Clones 70 7 O 3 3 Clone c?a Clone 13 A 13 A B24 Clone 45 B kb Kết quả bản đồ vật lý được thiết lập trên hình

30 Bản đồ di truyền cho gen chống chịu khô hạn OM1490 / WAB P1-HB)/ WAB P1-HB)/ A Drought Tol IR / OM 4495 IR64 BAC contig

31 Polymorphic SSRs on segregants of OM1490 / WAB PHB RM 201 RM 511 Sản phẩm PCR của RM 201 và RM 511 trên quần thể OM 1490/ WAB PHB Sản phẩm PCR của RM703 và 13A 9 trên quần thể OM 1490/ WAB PHB

32 o Arabidopsis thaliana, o Oryza sativa, o Sorghum bicolor, BAC13A 9.

33 PROTEIN ENCODED BY GENE BASED ON BAC/PAC clones

34 PROMISING LINES TOLERANT TO DROUGHT AT HEADING

35 C50/Jasmine 85 //C50

36 SALTOL IN CHROMOSOME 1 SALT TOLERANCE RICE BREEDING NT LANG, A. ISMAIL, D. MACKILL, RK SINGH, BC BUU

37 OM576 in 1990 OM1490 in 1996 OM4498 in 2007 OM5900 (promising) AS996, MOT BUI DO TOLERANCE AT 4-6 ds/m

38 Saltol = seedling salt tolerance = Na + /K + ratio = C 13 discrimination MAB to incorporate Saltol into popular rice varieties (Michael Thomson 2008)

39 Saltol QTL Chromosome 1 RM3252 RM243 RM10649 RM10927 Centromere RM1287 RM8094 RM Mb RM10655 RM10694 RM10696 RM10701 RM10711 RM10713 AP3206 RM10720 SKC1 RM10748 Finemapping Saltol RM24 RM9 RM5461 RM7643 RM493 RM140 RM8115 RM RM10772 RM10773 RM10793 RM10800 RM10825 RM10829 RM10843 SalT RM10852 RM10864 RM10871 RM SSRs and gene-based markers across the Saltol region RM RM10927

40 Grain yield (g plant -1 ) NO ANTAGONISM BETWEEN HIGH YIELDING & SALT TOLERANCE R 2 = Tolerance scores at seedling stage

41 Introgression doc do Fine mapping QTL 8 BC3F2 734 plants OM1490 / O. officinalis Chr. 8 RM 223 2,8 cm 3A2 RM223 RM 210 1,45 cm 1,80cM Candidate region gene

42 3.1. Positional candidate gene analysis across QTL fine-mapped regions Identification of saline tolerant candidate genes in OM1490 / O. officinalis populations Region on Chr 8 INTROGRESSION THE TARGET GENES FROM WILD RICES

43 SL2F-R: SL2-F 5 -ctttgcatgcaccaaaagaa 3 SL2-R 5 ccccacaaaacttccattgt 3 BC 3 F 2 of OMCS2000 /O. rufipogon INTROGRESSION THE TARGET GENES FROM WILD RICES

44 Positional cloning of QTL BAC sequencing with 18,000 clones BAC DNA

45 DNA of BAC clones Two clones 3A2, 47P2 RM315, RM223 EU EU

46 Check primers with BLAST program Primers Initial Cd Temperature 1 LEFT PRIMER cgcgagtggtgtcttctgt RIGHT PRIMER caccacacacccattttcac 2 LEFT PRIMER gcgagtggtgtcttctgtttc RIGHT PRIMER acaccacacacccattttca 3 LEFT PRIMER gcgagtggtgtcttctgtttc RIGHT PRIMER caccacacacccattttcac 4 LEFT PRIMER cgcgagtggtgtcttctgt RIGHT PRIMER accacacacccattttcacc SL1 -F 5 -ttcacccaacaccttcctatg SL 1 -R 5 - tctctttcccctccttcacc

47 AlignmentAF GGCACGAGCATCATTGGGTGAAACTATACAAGTTGTACGGAGGTTTTCTCTTCC 54EU CTGGAAAACAAAAAATTCCAAGAATAAAACTCTAACAAATGTA-AATAGTTATAAAATAT 59 ** * ** * * ***** ** * **** *** * * AF TGATGTTAACACTTATGACTTATTAAACAATGTTGGCGTCTATCGATTTCCAAGAGTTTC 114EU TAA---- AAAAAGAGGGGTTAAAAAAAAAAAGGGGGGGATTCCTTTTTTGAGTGATTTTT 115 * * ** * * * * *** ** * ** * * *** ** *** AF ATGTGCTGCAGCTAGTGCAGACCATGCAGACCTCGATCCTCATATCTCAGAACTTCCTCC 174EU GAGGGGGGGGGGGGGTGTGGGGAGTGTTTTGGAAAGTGTAAAGGGGAGGGGATTTTTTTT 175 * * * * *** * ** * * * * ** * AF AAGACCACTCCTAGAGAAACTGGGAAAAGAGCTTCGTGGAAGACTGGGTTTAAGATTGTT 234EU TAAAAGA-----GGTGGAATTTGGATAGGAA----GGAGAACGGTGGTTTGAAAAGTGTG 226 * * * * * ** * *** * ** * *** *** ** ** * *** AF CAACATAGATATGATCAGAGAACTTGGAACCAAAGATCGGTACTATATAATTGACATCAA 294EU TGGGGGAGGAGGGGCGCGGGAG---AGGAAAAAAGTTTTTTTTTAGAGAGAAGGAAAGGG 283 ** * * ** * * **** * * ** * * * * AF CTACTTCCCAGGGT--TCGGCAAAATGCCAGGTTATGAGCAA-- TATTCACCGATTTCTT 350EU GAGCGGCAAGAGGAGGTTGTTGGGGCCACGGGAGGGGAGGAGGGTATGGGGGGATTGGTT 343 * * ** * * * ** *** * *** **** **AF G- CTGAATCTTGCGCAAAGCAAGTACAAGAAGTGCTTAAGCGGCGGCTGAAGTGCAAAGA 409EU GGTTGGGTGGCGTGGAGTATGGTGATGAATGATACATAGGAAGGTGTTGG-GTGAAGGAG 402 * ** * * * * * * * * ** * * * ** *** * AF GTCCTGCTGAACATTAACAAAATGGAATGTA-ACGGTCTAG-- CAGTCAGTGTACATATC 466EU GGGAAAGAGAGTAGAGGGGAAGGGGGACATACAAAATGCAGGATAGGTAGGGAAC-TATT 461 * ** * ** ** * ** * * ** ** ** * ** *** AF TCGGAGAAATAAGTTTAATCCCAAGGCTTTGAGGAAGAGAGATTTAGGGTGTCTTCCCAG 526EU GAAAGTAAATGGTTATTGAAAGAGGCCGTTCAGAGTGAGGGGAGTGGGGGGCGAGT--GG 519 **** * * * * * ** ** *** * * *** * *AF AAAATGGTGGCACTTACCGGATTAGAGAAGAGATGAAAAAATGGATCGATTTTCTAATGC 586EU CGGGTGCGGGGAGTTGGGGGGTTCTTGAGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG ** ** * ** ** ** ** * * * ** * AF CGAGTGCTTGTATAAATCACTAACACTGAATGTTCCCAGSGTGCCTTCGTCAAGGCTTCT 646EU AF GTCTCAATAATTTCATTATCTTTTTCAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA 690EU

48 SL1F-R : SL1 -F 5 -Ttcacccaacaccttcctatg 3 SL 1 -R 5 - tctctttcccctccttcacc 3 M M 1.2 kb 1kb

49 OM5629 developed 3,137 Ha Trà Vinh 414 Bạc Liêu 200 Hậu Giang 300 Tiền Giang 5 Cần Thơ 200 Đồng Tháp 210 Sóc Trăng 500 Long An 101 An Giang 250

50 RICE BREEDING FOR HEAT TOLERANCE IN VIETNAM

51 CROSSING F 1 F 2 BC OM 5930 / DonJin + 39 OM 5930 / AS OM 1490/OM OM 6162 / JINMIBYEO + Not yet not yet IR / OM OM 4900 / Hanarumbyeo + Not yet not yet IR66 / DULAR + Not yet not yet IR / KDML Not yet AS996/ OM IR64-Sub 1 / OM C53/ Nipponbare + Not yet not yet Crossing already ( + )

52

53 Chromosome location of putative QTLs for heat tolerance of rice at grain filling stage

54 Genomics Tools Becomes More Available DNA sequence Filling gaps Gene Function 1980 Year 2010 Miflin B, J. Ext Bot 2000 ESTs Full length cdnas Knockout lines (EMS, T-DNA) Large scale of gene expression (microarray analysis) Cross-species comparison Rice & maize Cassava & Potato? Trait Gene Discovery

55 Current national & international projects Rockefeller Foundation Project: Climate Change Impacts and Vulnerabilities Assessment for Can Tho City Asian cities under climate change research network (ACCCRN) in Can Tho, Da Nang, and Quy Nhon Climate change and biodiversity conservation, sustainable utilization in Ca Mau peninsula

56 Current national & international projects Finland Embassy Project: Adaptability to climate change in Thua Thien-Hue UNDP Project: Environment and climate change in Vietnam EIB Project: How to exploit new energy sources and to effectively use it to mitigate climate change influences Rice breeding projects by MARD: to improve submergence, drought, heat, salinity tolerance; simultaneously to mention the resistance to brown plant hopper and blast, the grain properties as chalkiness and amylose content. CLUES project by ACIAR and IRRI / rice based farming system in Mekong Delta (salinity, submergence) o Water management projects by MARD: Mekong Delta and Red River Delta are mainly concerned, the High Plateau and Central Coast.

57 SOLUTIONS Looking into the future is risky due to global climate change Further study is needed to achieve a substantiated assessment of Natural resource management: Water & Soils Improved varieties tolerant to multiple stresses Re-organization from small-holders to well farm industries (2020) International Cooperation a key for any solution to mitigate and adapt to climate change