Figure 1 - The Amazon Region seen through a mosaic of Landsat TM images from year 2000 (Bands 3, 4, and 5).

Transcription

1 Amazon River Rondônia Source: Embrapa (2001) Figure 1 - The Amazon Region seen through a mosaic of Landsat TM images from year 2000 (Bands 3, 4, and 5). 42

2 Madeira River Ji-Paraná River Porto Velho Samuel Dam Machadinho d Oeste BR-364 Vale do Anari Colonization Projects Source: Embrapa (2001) Figure 2 - The State of Rondônia seen through a mosaic of Landsat TM images from year 2000 (Bands 3, 4, and 5). 43

3 Figure 3 - Ecological-Economic Land Zoning of the State of Rondônia, 2 nd Approximation (Rondônia 2000). 44

4 Figure 4 - Location of Machadinho d Oeste and Vale do Anari in the State of Rondônia (adapted from Rondônia 1999b). 45

5 Photo 1 - Partial view of Machadinho d Oeste (urban area). Photo 2 - Partial view of Vale do Anari (urban area). 46

6 Machadinho d'oeste Vale do Anari RO-133 BR-364 Jaru Ji-Paraná km N Figure 5 - Landsat TM image from 1998 (bands 3, 4, and 5) showing Machadinho d Oeste and Vale do Anari distinct designs of colonization. 47

7 Extractive Reserves 1 - Angelim 2 - Mogno 3 - Maracatiara 4 - Ipê 5 - Sucupira 6 - Cedro 7 - Massaranduba 8 - Castanheira 9 - Freijó 10 - Roxinho 11 - Seringueira 12 - Garrote 13 - Piquiá 14 - Jatobá 15 - Itaúba 16 - Aquariquara Figure 6 - Machadinho d Oeste and Vale do Anari - Property Grids, Roads, Rivers, and Extractive Reserves. 48

8 Table 1 - Temperature, precipitation, and wind recorded at the Jaru Biological Reserve, Rondônia, 1977 to Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Total / avg. Avg. Temp. ( o C) Avg. Prec. (mm) S.D. (mm) Wind (km/h) Source: Rondônia (1998b) 49

9 Climatic diagram for the Jaru Station, Vale do Anari, RO JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN Source: Rondônia (1998b) Months JUL AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC Temperature (graus ( o C) C) Precipitation (mm) Figure 7 - Climatic diagram for the Jaru Biological Reserve, Rondônia, 1977 to

10 Figure 8 - Morphostructural unities including the study area (adapted from Melo et al.1978). 51

11 Figure 9 - Morphoclimatic unities including the study area (adapted from Melo et al.1978). 52

12 Figure 10 - Machadinho d Oeste and Vale do Anari Elevation Classes and Rivers. 53

13 Table 2 - Vegetation formations in the State of Rondônia, Brazilian Amazon (Rondônia 1998h). Vegetation Formations Area (km 2 ) Percent of Total Open Tropical Forest , Dense Tropical Forest 9.348,4 3.9 Savanna (Cerrado) ,2 5.5 Semidecidous Forest 5.024,2 2.1 Transition Zone ,2 8.3 Pioneer Formation under Fluvial Influence 8.743,0 3.7 Alluvial Formation (Umirizal) 571, White Sand Field (Campinarana/Campina) 40, Other Formations , Total ,

14 Table 3 - Farming and extraction activities in the rural areas of Machadinho d Oeste and Vale do Anari. PRODUCT YEAR JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC Pastureland Pasture 1 slash trees, slash trees, fell fell seeding seeding bushes, vines bushes, vines 2 cattle introduction cattle introduction clearing /burn clearing/ burn 3-10 Short Cycle Agriculture Corn 1 2 harvest (sweet corn) slash trees, bushes, vines harvest (sweet harvest (sweet corn) corn) slash trees, bushes, vines fell fell field preparation/ fallow harvest (feed corn) burn burn planting planting planting/ weeding Rice 1 2 harvest / weeding harvest slash trees, bushes, vines harvest slash trees, bushes, vines fell fell field preparation/ fallow burn burn planting planting planting/ weeding Beans 1 herbicide planting planting disease control harvest Long Cycle Agriculture Manioc harvest / planting slash trees, bushes, vines slash trees, bushes, vines fell fell field preparation/ fallow burn burn planting planting harvest harvest harvest harvest harvest harvest harvest harvest harvest harvest / replanting planting/ weeding harvest / replanting 55

15 PRODUCT YEAR JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC Perennial Agriculture Coffee 1 slash trees, slash trees, bushes, vines bushes, vines fell fell seedling preparation burn burn liming liming 2 planting replanting weeding weeding/ planting of rice 3 herbicide pest control weeding weeding/ fertilizatio n weeding (NPK)/ planting in holes weeding/ 4 pest control 5-9 harvest harvest harvest pest control 10 pruning pruning Cocoa 1 slash trees, slash trees, bushes, vines bushes, vines planting in 2 holes 3-4 disease control / pest control / pest control fell disease control seedling preparation burn planting (NPK) pruning/ pruning/ disease disease control control pruning/ disease control pruning/ disease control planting in holes 5 disease control / pest control / pest control disease control/ harvest harvest harvest pruning/ disease control pruning 56

16 PRODUCT YEAR JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC Perennial Agriculture Guarana 1 seedling preparation 2 slash trees, slash trees, fell fell burn burn planting in bushes, vines bushes, vines holes 3 planting in holes weeding/ weeding/ 4 weeding/ weeding/ 5 harvest harvest pruning Black pepper 1 2 weeding/ 3 weeding/ 4-8 weeding/ (N) weeding (N) weeding (N) weeding slash trees, slash trees, bushes, vines bushes, vines fell fell weeding/ mulching weeding/ mulching weeding/ mulching seedling preparation burn liming posting/ (NPK) weeding weeding harvest harvest harvest weeding planting in holes Cupuacu 1 2 / seedling preparation field preparation/ fallow / planting in holes 3 4 harvest harvest harvest 57

17 PRODUCT YEAR JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC Extraction Rubber many harvest harvest harvest harvest harvest harvest harvest harvest harvest harvest Logging Hard and soft wood many harvest harvest harvest harvest harvest harvest harvest Legend: Field preparation Planting / Cattle introduction Maintenance Harvesting 58

18 Table 4 - Occurrence of cultivation systems within the farming systems in Machadinho d Oeste and Vale do Anari. Perennial Cattle ranching Annual Agroforestry Perennial agriculture XXXX Cattle ranching XXXX Perennial agriculture and small cattle ranching XXXX XXXX Perennial agriculture, annual agriculture, and cattle ranching XXXX XXXX XXXX Agrosylvopastoralism XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX 59