Impact of Trainings & Improved Transfer Technology on Chickpea Production

Transcription

1 Available online at Kothyari et al Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 6 (2): (2018) ISSN: DOI: ISSN: Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 6 (2): (2018) Research Article Impact of Trainings & Improved Transfer Technology on Chickpea Production Hukam Singh Kothyari *, K. C. Meena, B. L. Meena and Ramkishan Meena Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Agriculture University, Kota (Rajasthan) *Corresponding Author jadonhukam555@gmail.com Received: Revised: Accepted: ABSTRACT The research study was conducted during Rabi with 125 field demonstrations on chick pea in 50 ha area. The Result revealed that the highest grain yield obtained under demonstrated plots was ranged between qha -1 to qha -1 with an average qha -1 as compared to farmer s practice with an average qha -1 which was increased percent more as compared to farmer s practices. An average extension gap between demonstrated practices and farmers practices was obtained 3.67 qha -1 (Table 3) The total cost of cultivation (Rs/ha), Gross return (Rs/ha) and net return (Rs/ha), B: C Ratio under the demonstration plots were reported with an average of Rs/ha, Rs/ha, Rs/ha, 2.70 as compared to local check with an average of Rs/ha, Rs/ha, Rs/ha and 2.06 respectively during the period of research study (Table 4). The results of the study revealed that the increase percent in adoption level ranging from percent of storage and marketing to percent of Irrigation management after conducting the FLD programmes. It can be concluded that the Trainings and improved technology under chickpea production technology gave higher Seed yield, net return with higher benefit cost ratio under demonstrated plot as compared to farmer s practices. Key words: Chick pea, Net return, Extension gap, Seed yield. INTRODUCTION Chick pea (Cicer arietinum L.) is the premier pulse crop widely consumed in India. It is a soil building crop, which fixes atmosphere nitrogen through symbiotic action. It is an important Rabi season legume having extensive geo-graphical distribution and contributing 39 per cent to the total production of pulse in the country. The major chick pea producing states are Madhya Pradesh, U P, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, AP., Gujarat, Karnataka, Haryana, Bihar and West Bengal 1. The number of chickpea growing countries has increased from 36 to 52 and importing countries from 30 to 150 during 1981 to Chickpea reached a record high global area of 13.3 million ha (mha) and production of million tons (MT) during Cite this article: Kothyari, H.S., Meena, K.C., Meena, B.L. and Meena, R., Impact of Trainings & Improved Transfer Technology on Chickpea Production, Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 6(2): (2018). doi: Copyright March-April, 2018; IJPAB 1252

2 In 2013 the area of chickpea cultivation increased to 13.5 m ha but production remained at 13.1 million tons 2. Front line demonstration (FLD) is one of the most powerful tools of extension because farmers, in general, are driven by the perception that Seeing is believing. The main objective of front line demonstrations is to demonstrate newly released crop production and protection technologies and its management practices in the farmer s field under different agro-climatic regions and farming situations. During demonstration in the farmer s field, scientists are required to study the factors contributing higher crop production, field constraints of production and there by generate production data and feedback information. The present study was conducted at farmer s field with objective to know the impact of Trainings and Improved transfer technology on chick pea with respect to farmer s community. MATERIAL AND METHODS The present study in which each demonstration conducted an area of 0.4 ha and total 125 demonstrations in 50 ha area were conducted in Sawai Madhopur, Rajasthan during Rabi Soil of the area under research study was sandy loam with low to medium fertility status. The improved technology includes improved varieties, treatment of seed, proper irrigation, weed management, seed rate & sowing method and optimum plant population, plant protection measures etc. were maintain under demonstrated plots. The treatment Extension gap = Demonstrated yield Yield under existing practice Technology gap = Potential yield-demonstrated yield Percent increase yield = Demonstration yield-farmers yield/ Farmers yield x 100 Technology index = Technology gap/ Potential yield x 100 comprised of recommended package of practices viz. Improved variety GNG Seed Treatment with Trichoderma - 6 gm/kg seed + Bavistin with 3 gm/kg seed +Fertilizers 20:40:20: kg/ha + adoption of IPM techniques each as soil application were maintained under demonstrated plots during period of research study. The seed rate of chickpea is kept 80 kg / ha under demonstration plots for obtained adequate plant geometry and higher seed yield. The sowing of chickpea crop seed was done during 15 October to 20 October. The fertilizers were given as per soil test based recommendations as basal dose. Two hand weeding were done at and DAS. The spacing between Row & Plant was kept 30 x 10 cm for chick pea under front line demonstration. The crops were harvested at perfect maturity stage by manually. The Front Line Demonstration was conducted to study the following parameters such as technology gap between the potential yield and demonstrated yield, extension gap between demonstrated yield, technology index and seed yield under existing practices. The data were collected through personal contact with farmers at farmer s field and after that tabulated and analyzed to find out the findings and conclusion. The statistical tool like percentage used in this study for analyzed data. The extension gap, technology gap and the technology index were work out with the help of formulas given by Samui et al. 3 as mentioned below: Table 1: Gap Analysis between demonstrated practices and farmers practices on chickpea S N Name of Technology Demo. practices Farmer s practices Gap 1 Land preparation Two ploughing Two ploughing No gap 2 Variety GNG-1958 Local seed Full gap 3 Seed rate (kg/ha) 80 kg/ha kg/ha Higher seed rate 4 Seed treatment 3g/kg seed & No seed Treatment Full gap Trichoderma@6g/kg of seed 5 Sowing method & spacing Line sowing (R x P 30 cm x 10 cm respectively) Line sowing (R x P 20 cm x 10 cm) Partial gap 6 Manures & Fertilizers 20 kg/ha N 2O: 40 kg/ha P 2O 5 No use of fertilizer Full gap 7 Weed management Two hand weeding at and One hand weeding at DAS Partial gap DAS 8 Disease management Need based plant protection No plant protection measurement Full gap measurement 9 Irrigation management Two irrigation at pre flowering and at pod development stage One irrigation Partial gap Copyright March-April, 2018; IJPAB 1253

3 RESULTS AND DISSCUSION disease management while partial gap was The findings of the present research study as observed in sowing method & spacing, weed well as relevant discussion have been management and irrigation management. conferred under following points: Farmers were not aware about recommended The Gap between the demonstrated practices technologies. Farmers used of local or old and farmer s practices of chickpea in district varieties seeds instead of the recommended was presented in Table-1. Full gap was high yielding resistant varieties due to lack of observed in case of use of varieties, seed awareness of seed. treatment, Manures & fertilizers, dose and Category Low level of knowledge Table 2: Overall knowledge level of Scientific Production of chickpea (N=125) Level of knowledge at Contact with KVK (%) Before After Adoption level after Contact with KVK (%) No. % No. % No. % Medium level of knowledge High level of knowledge Level of Scientific Knowledge The data revealed in Table-2 showed that before contact with KVK percent of the farmer had low level of scientific knowledge which was increased (76.80%) after contact with KVK whereas the overall knowledge level percent of the farmer after contact with KVK was increased percent. Singh et al. 4 reported that knowledge level had significant association with adoption of production technology. Jatav 5 reported that the FLD respondents had medium level of knowledge of scientific temperament. Sharma et al. 6 reported that the majority of soybean growers (71%) had moderate level of adoption, while and per cent had low and high level of adoption respectively. Goswami et al. 7 reported that the extension participation reflected the strong association and effect with the extent of adoption. Table 3: Increased in Knowledge level of farmer s in Chickpea production (%) (N=125) Name of scientific Technology of chick pea production Before FLD After FLD Increased Knowledge (%) No. % No. % No. % High yielding varieties Seed Rate and spacing Seed treatment Soil Treatment Soil Testing Sowing time & method Irrigation Management Weeding Integrated Nutrient Management Harvesting Seed storage and marketing Copyright March-April, 2018; IJPAB 1254

4 Increased Knowledge level of farmer s treatment (55.20%), weeding (48.80%), The data revealed that the increased Harvesting (48.00%), Soil treatment (40.00%), knowledge levels of the improved chick pea Integrated nutrient management(38.40), Soil production technologies were recorded fewer testing (37.60%), High yielding varieties than two parameters viz. adoption before (28.00%), Seed rate & spacing (25.60%), and conducting and after conducting frontline storage & marketing (20.00%) 8. study was demonstration. The data presented in Table-3 conducted on Impact and yield gap analysis of showed that the farmers were followed the Trainings and FLD s Regarding s Scientific improved practices of chick pea production Practices of chick pea (Cicer arietinum) in like High yielding varieties (62.40%), soil Tapi district of south Gujrat in which the result testing (3.20%), soil treatment (7.20%), seed regarding overall knowledge of chickpea treatment (5.60%), seed rate & spacing indicated that the low, medium, high level of (8.00%), Sowing time & method (8.80%), knowledge before contact with KVK was Irrigation Management(19.20%), Weeding 78.00, 16.00, percent, respectively it was (25.60%), Integrated Nutrient Management changed up to 08.00, and percent (14.40%), Harvesting (33.60%), Seed storage respectively after contact with KVK. In case of and marketing(18.40%) etc. at before knowledge regarding selected scientific conducting FLDs whereas, after conducting innovations for chick pea high knowledge FLDs they were adopting High yielding regarding selected scientific innovations were varieties (90.40%), soil testing (40.80%), soil found viz percent regarding new high treatment (47.20%), seed treatment (60.80%), yielding varieties, percent for integrated seed rate and spacing (33.60%), Sowing time nutrient management, percent land & method (65.60%), Irrigation management configuration and seed rate respectively. (84.80%), Weeding (74.40%), Integrated Majority of farmers had low level of nutrient management (52.80%), Harvesting knowledge (76.00 %) before contact with (81.60%), Seed storage and marketing KVK. After contact with KVK, percent (38.40%) etc. The majority of farmers with of the farmers had high level of Knowledge. adoption level percent were followed The percent of the farmer had adopt new improved practices of chick pea production high yielding variety followed by land such as Irrigation management (65.60%), configuration (85.00 %), INM (83.00%), Seed Sowing time & method (56.80%), Seed rate (82.00%). Table 4: Seed productivity, Extension gap, Technology index, Technology gap under demonstration and farmer practices Village Seed Yield (q/ha) Extension gap Technology Technology % Increase Demo Local (q/ha) gap (q/ha) index (%) Yield Kustla Sinoli Mainpura Jeevad Bhadlav Average Yield Parameters average of qha -1 as compared to farmer The data revealed on yield Parameters of chick practices ranged from qha -1 to pea are presented in [Table-4] showed that the qha -1 with an average of qha -1 which was maximum seed yield of chick pea was increased percent with a mean value of obtained under demonstrated plots ranged percent for chickpea production 9. conducted between qha -1 to qha -1 with an front line demonstration on 400 Copyright March-April, 2018; IJPAB 1255

5 demonstrations on pigeon pea, chick pea, with an average mean of 3.67 qha -1 during the black gram and green gram crops during period of research study [Table 4] This is kharif, Rabi and summer seasons in fifty emphasized the need to educate the farmer s villages of Narmada, Gujarat during through various means for more adoption of in which the improved technology recorded improved high yielding varieties and newly higher yield of 1880 kg/ha, 1480 kg/ha, 880 improved agricultural technologies to bridge kg/ha and 927 kg/ha in pigeon pea, chick pea, the wide extension gap. More use of new high black gram and green gram, respectively than yielding varieties by the farmers will 1450, 1130, 680 and 711 kg/ha. 10 study was subsequently change this extension gap. The conducted during Kharif, and Rabi seasons in new technologies will eventually lead to the adopted NICRA village Koste, Balaghat, farmers to discontinue the old technology and Madhya Pradesh, India during to adopt the new technology on pigeon pea and chickpea crops in Technology Index (%) which the improve technology recorded higher The data revealed that the technology index yield of 1310kg/ha, and 1370 kg/ha pigeon pea under front line demonstration was calculated and chickpea, respectively farmers practice ranged from 6.36 to percent with a mean 970 kg/ha and 1110 kg/ha. value of percent for chickpea production Technology gap (q/ha) which shows the efficacy of good performance The result revealed on technology gap is the of technical interventions. This will accelerate gap in the demonstration yield over potential the adoption of demonstrated technical yield was observed with an average of 2.23 intervention to increase the yield performance qha -1 [Table-4] The technology gap observed of chick pea [Table-4] 14. conducted on farm may be attributed to dissimilarly in the soil testing (OFTs) and front line demonstration fertility status and weather conditions as well (FLDs) as technological interventions on as the soil moisture availability 11. Daivi et al. 12 improved package of practices of chick pea observed that extent of technological gap during to in three experienced by farmers was 25.90% for plant villages of Sidhi district of M.P. in which the protection measure, and for use of fertilizers technology index varied from to 66 per 22.58% use of FYM/compost 18.09% seed cent with an average technology index was treatment 17.33%, seed and sowing 12.07% observed per cent during the three years and the composite technological gap was of FLD programmes. The technology index 19.16%. shows the feasibility of the evolved technology Extension gap (q/ha) at the farmer s field and the lower the value of The Extension gap of demonstrated plots was technology index more is the feasibility of obtained ranged from 1.40 qha -1 to 6.50 qha -1 technology 15. Table 5: Gross cost Cultivation, Gross Return, Net Return & BC Ratio of under FLD s and existing package of practices Village Cost of Cultivation Gross Return Net Return B:C Ratio (kg/ha) (kg/ha) (kg/ha) Demo Local Demo Local Demo Local Demo Local Kustla Sinoli Mainpura Jeevad Bhadlav Min Max Average Copyright March-April, 2018; IJPAB 1256

6 Economic Return (Rs/ha) due to front line demonstration on Pigeon pea The data represented on the cost of cultivation an average yield was recorded 11.9 q/ ha under was increased under demonstration practice demonstrated plots as compared farmers ranged from Rs/ha to Rs/ha with practice 10.1q/ha. The highest yield in the an average of Rs/ha as compared to FLD plot was q/ha in with net farmer practices Rs/ha. Use of costly returns of 34, 883 Rs/ha compared to check seeds for seed sowing, seed treatment, use of trial net return of 26,194 Rs/ha. chemical fertilizers, integrated pest management, integrated nutrient management CONCLUSION etc. are the main factors for increased in cost The results obtained under front line of cultivation under demonstration practices as demonstration were increased by conduct of compared to farmer practices. The figures Trainings and Knowledge level of package of depicted in [Table 5] clearly explicated the practices, the farmers can achieved higher implication of front line demonstration at yields and net profit in chickpea cultivation. farmer s field during the period of study in The result showed that the front line which higher net returns (67819 Rs/ha) were demonstration was given a good impact over obtained under demonstration plots as the farming community as they were inspired compared to farmer practices (49498 Rs/ha). by the new agricultural technology. Thus, it The data depicted on higher Gross returns can be concluded that the research study is (92982 Rs/ha) were obtained under playing one of the important role in awareness demonstration plots as compared to farmer of the farmers for adoption of production practices (73575 Rs/ha). Benefit cost ratio was technology resulting in increasing their yield recorded higher under front line and profit. demonstrations 2.70 as compared to farmer practices 2.06 during the period of research REFERENCES study. The result clearly showed that the front 1. Singh, A. K., Manibhusan, Bhatt, B. P., line demonstration was given a good impact Singh, K. M. and Upadhyaya, A., An over the farming community as they were analysis of oil seeds and pulses scenario in inspired by the new agricultural technology Eastern India during Journal of used in the demonstrated plots. The high Agricultural Science 5(1): (2013). yielding variety under demonstrated plot was 2. FAOSTAT, FAOSTAT - Statistical performed very well as compared to local Database, (2015). check. Bhargav et al. 16 conducted the Front 3. Samui, S.K., Mitra, S., Roy, D.K., line demonstrations on chick pea were Mandal, A.K. and Saha D., Evaluation of organized in Pankhedi and Bhadoni villages of front line demonstration on groundnut, Shajapur district during Rabi seasons of 2011 Journal of the Indian Society Costal and 12. The result revealed that percentage Agricultural Research, 18(2):180- increase in the yield in demonstrations over 183(2000). farmer practices was 34.4 and 37.2 in year 4. Singh, G., Anil Sirohi, Ashok Kumar, 2011 and 2012 respectively. The benefit: cost Impact of improved technology on the ratios of chick pea cultivation under improved productivity of pulses, Environment and practices were 2.31 and 2.26 as compared to Ecology, 1 ref. M KK Publication, 26: 4C, 2.02 and 1.94 under farmer practices for the (2009). two consecutive years 17 organized Jatav, H.R., A study on impact of Front Frontline demonstrations on 54 farmer s field Line Demonstration on scientific to demonstrate the impact of integrated crop temperament of Wheat growers in Indore management technology on Pigeon pea and Dewas district (M.P.), M.Sc. (Ag.) productivity over four years during Kharif thesis (unpublished), RVSKVV, Gwalior to The results revealed that (2010). Copyright March-April, 2018; IJPAB 1257

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