Assessment of gradual adaptations of a low input mixed farming system for improved sustainability

Transcription

1 Assessment of gradual adaptations of a low input mixed farming system for improved sustainability Marie, M. 1,2, Fiorelli, J.-L. 1, Trommenschlager, J.-M. 1 1 INRA, SAD-ASTER, 662 avenue Louis Buffet, Mirecourt, France 2 Université de Lorraine, ENSAIA, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye, Vandoeuvre lès Nancy, France michel.marie@mirecourt.inra.fr SAD ASTER-Mirecourt EAAP 64 th Annual Meeting, Nantes, France, August 26 th -30 th,

2 Evolutions of a mixed crop dairy farming system Mixed FS Mirecourt Lorraine

3 before 2004 Conventional mixed crop dairy farming system veterinary products fertilizers Milk Animals feedstuff HN, MO Calving Oc-Fe Herd Feed and roughage Crops 3 years rotations Cash crops Wheat Rape Pasture fertilizers Meadows Grassland - Maize-Wheat-Barley rotations (Rapeseed) - Grassland - Grass & maize silage + hay EAAP 64 rd Annual Meeting, Nantes, France, August 26 th -30 th,

4 from 2004 Organic low input mixed dairy farming system Manure management Milk Animals 61 DC, 106 LU 159 ha: Crops: 59 ha Leys: 47 ha Grassland: 53 ha Livestock Calving season Genotype Pasture s management Grazed perenial grasslands Grazed forage crops Grazed temporary grasslands Harvested perenial grasslands Grassland Crops Harvested Forage crops 6/8 years rotations Harvested temporary grasslands Diversity Cash crops Intercrops Associated crops Wheat - Leys, Wheat and sec. Cereals rotations, inc. intercrops - Grassland - Hay (no silage) EAAP 64 rd Annual Meeting, Nantes, France, August 26 th -30 th,

5 System s evolution baseline transition innovations I innovations II C r o p M a n a g e m e n t rotations 3 years 6W 6S 8W 8S cereals 49 ha cer. +maïze+rs 59 ha local wheat var. winter barley mixed varieties intercrops NO grazing if possible associated crops NO stop lupin-w barley C+C-P+P permanent pastures 105 ha 53 ha C/H allocation leys 5 ha 47 ha, Alfalfa/dact sowing tillage deep ploughing Aitchinson ploughing if necessary Alf-clov/ dact-fesc. Alfalfa/Graminaceae L i v e s t o c k reproduction, calving Oct-Feb Aug-Jan Aug-Nov (improved calvings groupt) genetic diversity HN-MO HN-MO feeding inputs temp mead. / heifers Alfalfa hay alfalfa NO Alfalfa past. health drugs Inputs, Conventional Autonomous, Organic Phasing of improvements ( ) Diversification of crops and intercrops Simplification of cropping techniques Simplification of pastures management and herd feeding EAAP 64 rd Annual Meeting, Nantes, France, August 26 th -30 th,

6 Questions, approach Pesticides VMC Forages Water Energy Inputs supply M R G F Livestock M Grasslands D Crops R IC AC Animal products Effluents Energy Grains Forages Transformati on, marketed outputs Autonomy - material - decisional Biodiversity Environment What gains in sustainability provided by a low input organic system? What services offered by this system? Did step-by step improvements had positive consequences? 2 approaches: Expert assessment Multicriteria indicators-based sustainability assessment EAAP 64 rd Annual Meeting, Nantes, France, August 26 th -30 th,

7 Multi-criteria Assessment of Sustainability Pesticides In water Ground water Surface water I Phyto EP I Phyto ES INRA ASTER-Mirecourt Water pollution NO 3 losses P losses I NO 3 I Pres Air pesticides I Phyto air McASTER 33 indicators Agro-Environnemental Sustainability Abiotic Resources Air pollution Soil quality Energy consumption Support Habitats Soil fertility GHG emissions Chemical quality NH 3 volatilization N 2 O emissions CH 4 emissions CO 2 emissions Organic matter content P availability Non-renewable energies Ecological regulation areas Earth worms I NH 3 Peigné I N 2 O Peigné I CH 4 Peigné PLANETE I MO I Psol PLANETE I ZRE I Lomb Biotic Resources Regulation Biological control Ground beetles Birds I Car I Ois Sustainability Provision Wild genetic resources Domestic genetic resources Wild vegetal diversity Domestic vegetal diversity I DivVeg S I DivVeg D Products quality I QualProd Social Sustainability Societal acceptability Social acceptability Animal Welfare Landscape management Employment Provided services Social investment Work hardness Hygiene & Security I BEA WQ I GestEsp I Emploi I Serv I Implic.soc. I PenTrav I H&S Autonomy I Auto Viability Economical viability Economical specialization I C1 IDEA I C2 IDEA Economical Sustainability Indépendancy Transmissibility Financial autonomy Subsidies dependency Transmissibility I C3 IDEA I C4 IDEA I C5 IDEA Efficiency Efficiency I C6 IDEA

8 Expert assessment Crop Production Livestock Production Livestock Management Crop Autonomy 2 1,5 1 0,5 0-0,5-1 -1,5-2 Livestock Autonomy 8 experts, one-day seminar 2 organic farmers 2 conventional farmers 2 agricultural advisors 1 agricultural school 1 livestock institute Farm autonomy Environment Support: 4 staff Economics Agronomy Supply chain Social Embeddedness Work reference EAAP 64 rd Annual Meeting, Nantes, France, August 26 th -30 th,

9 Expert assessment Livestock Production Livestock Management Crop Production Crop Autonomy 2 1,5 1 0,5 0-0,5-1 -1,5-2 Livestock Autonomy Farm autonomy Environment Economics Agronomy Supply chain Work organic Social Embeddedness reference EAAP 64 rd Annual Meeting, Nantes, France, August 26 th -30 th,

10 Expert assessment Crop Production Crop Autonomy 2 1,5 Livestock Autonomy 1 Livestock Production 0,5 0 Farm autonomy -0,5-1 -1,5 Livestock Management -2 Environment Economics Agronomy Supply chain Social Embeddedness Work enhanced organic reference EAAP 64 rd Annual Meeting, Nantes, France, August 26 th -30 th,

11 Production and Autonomy quality production energy nutrients markets quality production forage feed proteins markets traceability knowledge flexibility health energy EAAP 64 rd Annual Meeting, Nantes, France, August 26 th -30 th,

12 Environmental aspects soil OM non renewable energy soil P pesticides ground water pesticides surface water NO3 P losses wild vegetal diversity ecologic regulation areas GHG CO2 GHG CH4 cultures diversity GHG N2O NH3 air pesticides air birds earth worms ground beetles EAAP 64 rd Annual Meeting, Nantes, France, August 26 th -30 th,

13 Social and societal aspects hygiene & security work hardness products quality short supply chain landscape management social autonomy buildings management provided services employment EAAP 64 rd Annual Meeting, Nantes, France, August 26 th -30 th,

14 Economy specialisation efficiency viability subsidies dependency transmissibility financial autonomy EAAP 64 rd Annual Meeting, Nantes, France, August 26 th -30 th,

15 Conclusions Gains in terms of sustainability provided by a low input organic system Environmental Social Economical Autonomy Productivity Inputs, Energy, Biodiversity Working conditions, but more complexity Efficiency, Viability Material, Decisional Lower, but EAAP 64 rd Annual Meeting, Nantes, France, August 26 th -30 th,

16 Conclusions Services offered Crop rotation system Ecologic regulation area Earthworm abundance Soil microfauna Ecosystem Services Supporting - Genetic biodiversity - Nutrient cycling - Soil formation and fertility Regulating - Pollination - Biological control - Flood control Provisioning - Food - Fiber - Fuel Cultural - Recreation - Spiritual - Aesthetic Wild vegetal diversity Pollinators Ground beetle abund. Birds specialis. index Domest. vegetal diver. Domest. animal diver. Landscape manag. Wetland Game fauna EAAP 64 rd Annual Meeting, Nantes, France, August 26 th -30 th,

17 Conclusions Step-by step improvements Experts assessment: Farm autonomy Agronomic quality Economy Livestock management and production At the expense of workload and crop productivity Multi-criteria assessment: a sensitivity analysis is required. Complementarity between the different approches EAAP 64 rd Annual Meeting, Nantes, France, August 26 th -30 th,

18 Thank you for your attention EAAP 64 rd Annual Meeting, Nantes, France, August 26 th -30 th,