Market. Highlights. May Data 2015 (Issued June 18, 2015)

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1 P.O. Box 123 Village Market, Nairobi, Kenya tel: fax: FSNAU is managed by FAO The boundaries and names on these maps do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. The regional & District boundaries reflect those endorsed by the Government of the Republic of Somalia in Market Food Security and Nutrition Analysis Unit - Somalia Data 21 (Issued June 18, 21) Highlights Inflation: SoSh (Somali shilling)-using areas: In the month of, the Consumer Index (CPI) remained stable in the South, but declined (3%) in Central and Northeast on account of cereal prices declines. Compared to a year ago ( 214), the CPI remained relatively stable in Northeast but it has dropped by 8-9 percent in Central and South as a result of cereal price decrease. SISh (Somaliland shilling)-using areas: The CPI decreased by four percent month-on-month and by nine percent year-on-year due to declines in cereal prices. Zeilac DJIBOUTI Awdal Borama Woq. Galbeed Burao Tog-Wajaale Hargeisa Togdheer Erigabo Sanag Sool Lasanod Bossaso Bari Garowe Nugal Exchange rate: SoSh-using areas: The exchange rates between SoSh and the United States Dollar (USD) indicated relative stability or marginal monthly changes (1-2%) in. The SoSh depreciated compared to a year ago across all areas, most significantly (12%) in Banadir due to injection of fake Somali shilling notes into the market as well as reduced/ intermittent supply of dollars through remittances. SISh-using areas: The SISh depreciated against the USD by two percent month-on-month and by five percent year-on-year. Local grain prices remained relatively stable or changed (increased/decreased) by less than 1 percent in in most regions of the country month-on-month. Compared to a year ago, cereal prices were lower (1-22%) in most regions. Significant (22%) yearly price increase was recorded in Banadir likely attributable to increased demand for cereals in view of recent inflow of repatriated refugees from Yemen into the Mogadishu-city. s of imported food (rice, sugar, vegetable oil, wheat flour) mostly exhibited relative stability or mild changes in local currency terms month-on-month in most regions of the country. Annual price comparison also indicates similar trends for most food imports in most parts of the country except in Bay and Bakool where prices declined moderately (11-14%). Livestock prices (for all species) showed mild monthly changes (increase/decrease) in in most regions of the country, while prices of milk (camel and cattle) declined, most significantly in Middle Shabelle (21-3%), due to improved milk supply. Annual comparison indicates reduced values for most livestock species as well as for milk in most markets. Labor (unskilled) wages remained relatively stable or increased at mild rates (less than 1%) month-on-month in most regions of the country. Annual comparison mostly indicates mild changes in labor wage rates apart from a significant decline (33%) in Bakool, particularly in El-Berde district. This is a result of reduced economic/trade activities in the district on account of continued siege in the region (Huduur,Wajid), which has indirectly affected El barde by cutting off primary supply routes (Bay and Banadir) of commercial goods. (ToT) between daily labor wage and local cereals remained stable or changed by 1kg/daily labour wage month-on-month in most parts of the country. The ToT between local quality goat and cereals declined in most regions of the country due to reduced prices of local quality goat. Annual comparison indicates relative stability in ToTs between daily labor wage and local cereals in most regions, while ToT between local quality goat and cereals have dropped in most regions of the country as a result of lower local quality goat prices compared to a year ago. Abudwaq Dusa Mareb Galgadud El Barde Belet Weyne Haradhere Bakol Dolo Hudur Hiran Aden Yabal El Der Luuq Belet Xawo Gedo Baidoa M. Shabelle El Waq Qansah Dere Monitored Market Jowhar Dinsor Bay Wanle Weyne Bardera Market Catchment Afgoye Qoryoley Banadir Central Merka L. Shabelle Juba Valley Buale Juba Hagar North East Doobley Jilib Afmadow North West Jamame Shabelle Valley Kismayo Sorghum belt Food Security and Nutrition Analysis Unit - Somalia Galkayo Mudug Major Road Regional Boundary This Market Data Update is a monthly report that presents analysis of market information and is produced regularly as part of the monthly monitoring process. The weekly price data is collected from 48 main markets and 1 rural markets throughout Somalia since 199. Market analysis is an integral part of all of FSNAU s annual food security projections and seasonal technical reports (Technical Reports on FSNAU Post Gu and Post Deyr Analysis). Detailed market data are available online on Siege-affected towns (Bulo Burto, Hudur and Wajid) Labor (unskilled) wages decreased mildly month-on-month in Bulo Burto and Hudur (3-7%) while it increased significantly (by 29%) in Wajid due to increased offloading activities of humanitarian aid for Wajid. Annual comparison indicated a moderate increase in wage rates in Hudur (26%) as a result of relatively improved security conditions in the region. (ToT) between daily labor wage and local cereals as well as between local quality goat and cereals remained relatively stable month-on-month in most markets apart from Wajid where the ToT local quality goat and cereals increased due to increase in local quality goat prices. Compared to a year ago, the ToTs have increased in Hudur due to decrease in cereal prices and/or increased labor wages and goat prices. Local grains prices increased mildly (1-7%) month-on-month in all the three markets. s of imported food items (rice, sugar, vegetable oil, wheat flour) mostly changed at mild rates, apart from Wajid, where prices for most food imports increased by percent month-on-month.

2 National Trends: CPI, Exchange Rates, Cereal s and Relative Purchasing Power Table 1: ToT between Cereals (kg) and Daily Wage Rate, by Region Regions 21 (Kg) Apr 21 % change from 214 (21-214) Banadir/Mogadishu 12-8% -4% -8% Bay 17 6% % 13% Bakool 3-2% -2% -% Gedo 17-6% 21% 21% Juba 9 % -13% -13% Shabelle 8 % 14% % Northwest 1 % 11% 43% Northeast 9 % 13% % Central % 2% 67% Figure 1: Wheat s: Mogadishu and Bossaso Markets per Kg 2, 18, 16, 14, 12, 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, Bossaso Mogadishu June July August September October November December January February March April June July August September October November December January February March April June July August September October November December January February March April Source: FSNAU Manfest Monitoring System Figure 2: Between Wage Rates and Selected Cereals Kg Cereal per Daily Wage Rate 2 TOT to Sorghum (Sorghum Belt) TOT to Maize (Juba & Shabelle) TOT to Rice (NW) TOT to Rice (Central & NE) SoSh per US Dollar Figure 3: ly Exchange Rate for Selected Regions (SoSh and SlSh to USD) 4, 3, 3, 2, 2, 1, Baidoa(SoSh) Bosasso(SoSh) Galkayo(SoSh) Mogadishu(SoSh) Hargeisa(SlSh) 8, 8, 7, 7, 6, 6,,, 4, SlSh per US Dollar 1, -11 Aug-11 Nov-11 Feb-12 Aug-12 Feb-13 Aug-13 Feb-14 Aug-14 Feb-1 4, Figure 4: ly Trends in Consumer Index (CPI, March 27=1) Figure : ly Trends in Local Cereal s CPI CPI Central CPI North(Sosh) CPI North(SlSh) CPI South CPI somalia (SoShs) Mar- 7 Mar- 8 Jun- 8 Oct8 Dec- 8 Mar- 9 Jun- 9 Sep- 9 Dec- 9 Mar- 1 Apr- 1-1 Jun- 1 Jul- 1 Aug 1 Sep- 1 Oct- 1 Nov- 1 Dec- 1 Jan- 11 Feb- 11 Mar- 11 Apr Jun - 11 Jul- 11 Aug- 11 Sep- 11 Oct- 11 Nov- 11 Dec- 11 Jan- 12 Feb- 12 Mar- 12 Apr Jun- 12 Jul- 12 Aug- 12 Sep- 12 Oct- 12 Nov- 12 Dec- 12 Jan- 13 Feb- 13 Mar- 13 Apr Jun- 13 Jul- 13 Aug- 13 Sep- 13 Oct- 13 Nov- 13 Dec- 13 Jan- 14 Feb- 14 Mar- 14 Apr Jun- 14 Jul- 14 Aug- 14 Sep- 14 Oct- 14 Nov- 14 Dec- 14 Jan- 1 Feb- 1 Mar- 1 Apr- 1-1 per Kg (SoSH) 39, 36, 33, 3, 27, 24, 21, 18, 1, 12, 9, 6, 3, -11 Juba Valley(White Maize 1 kg) Shabelle Valley(White Maize 1 kg) NE (Red Sorghum 1 kg) SorghumBelt(Red Sorghum 1 kg) Central(Red Sorghum 1 kg) NW (White Sorghum 1 kg) Aug-11 Nov-11 Feb-12 Aug-12 Feb-13 Aug-13 Feb-14 Aug-14 Feb-1 16, 14, 12, 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, per Kg (SLSH) 2

3 Regional analysis: Juba Regions -Year (21-214) Apr-1 Real Same Year -year avrg (21-214) Imported Commodities s Diesel 1 litre 3,868 26,714 24,87 2,87 12,78 4% -3% -16% Imported Red Rice 1kg 19,78 17, 16, 16, 7,436 % -6% -19% Petrol 1 litre 32,19 28, 28, 28,37 13,26 1% 1% -12% Sugar 23,21 16,179 16,893 16,87 7,839 % 4% -27% Vegetable Oil 1 litre 42,7 32,71 3, 31, 14,736 % -3% -26% Wheat Flour 1kg 18,91 1,714 1,87 1,714 7,31-1% % -1% Wheat Grain 1kg 16, Cereal s Red Sorghum 1kg 8,333 1, 7, 8, 3,668 7% -2% -4% White Maize 1kg 11,287 1,343 9,761 9,67 4,47-1% -6% -14% Livestock & Livestock Product s Camel Local Quality (Head) 9,441,28 1,823,393 8,87,214 8,617,87 4,8,826 % -2% -9% Cattle Local Quality (Head) 3,994,8 4,438,833 3,843,214 3,9,714 1,863,3 3% -11% -1% Fresh Camel Milk 1 litre 22,144 23, 18,917 19,167 8,927 1% -18% -13% Goat Export Quality (Head) 1,411,663 1,492,179 1,32,87 1,22,179 76,947-6% -18% -13% Goat Local Quality (Head) 896,98 97,87 88,679 84,17 42,176-1% -12% -% Charcoal kg 87,99 91,429 8,36 81,429 38,22 1% -11% -7% Cowpeas 1 kg 24,774 2,821 26,714 2,432 11,878 -% 22% 3% Unskilled Labor Wage Rate 84,93 78, 86,7 87,36 41,129 1% 12% 3% Firewood Bundle 8,29 11, 6,87 7,143 3,264 4% -38% -14% Local Sesame Oil 1 litre 79,114 83,786 74, 71,143 33,48 -% -1% -1% Exchange Rate (Somali Shilling per USD) 24,94 2,813 22,27 22,171 1,342 % 7% -11% Wage (Daily)/ Cereal (Maize(Kg)) % 13% 13% Local Goat (Head)/ Cereal (Maize(Kg)) % -6% 1% Indices Consumer Index % -9% - Figure 6: Trends in Cereal s Figure 7: Trends in Wage Rates and Relative Purchasing Power 2, 2, 1, 1,, Cereal (Maize) 12, 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, Relative Purchasing power wage to cereal (Kg/daily Wage) 8, 6, 4, 2, Figure 8: Imported Commodity s Compared to Exchange Rate Figure 9: Goat Local Quality per Unit (SoSh) Figure 1: Exchange Rate Figure 11: Water Drum (2 litres) 3

4 Regional analysis: Sorghum Belt Regions (Bay, Bakool, Gedo and Hiran) -Year (21-214) Apr-1 Real Same Year -year avrg (21-214) Imported Commodities s Diesel 1 litre 33,713 32,19 29,818 29,4 13,8-3% -1% -14% Imported Red Rice 1kg 21,61 19,68 18,727 18,727 8,72 % -4% -13% Petrol 1 litre 32,93 28,72 3,99 3,386 14,212-2% 6% -8% Sugar 24,733 2,466 19,114 18,79 8,72-2% -8% -24% Vegetable Oil 1 litre 46,2 41,23 37,7 37,19 17,42-1% -9% -2% Wheat Flour 1kg 19,23 19,136 18,318 17,9 8,37-2% -6% -8% Wheat Grain 1kg 12,696 14,188 22, 2,12 9,379-9% 42% 9% Cereal s Red Sorghum 1kg 9,1 9,77 7,2 8,32 3,81 1% -1% -13% White Maize 1kg 11,446 12,181 9,136 9,89 4,43 8% -19% -14% Livestock & Livestock Product s Camel Local Quality (Head) 11,24,29 14,413,889 12,43,833 12,116,2,76,3-3% -16% 8% Cattle Local Quality (Head) 3,261,11 4,12, 3,82,143 3,832,143 1,84,82 7% -7% 18% Fresh Camel Milk 1 litre 19,243 2,9 17,97 16,37 7,612-9% -22% -1% Goat Export Quality (Head) 1,463,872 1,671,2 1,9,773 1,49,682 71,997-4% -11% 2% Goat Local Quality (Head) 92,99 983,9 923,49 878, ,71 -% -11% -% Charcoal kg 143,68 11,91 173, 17,22 8,74-2% 13% 19% Cowpeas 1 kg 26,462 26,22 28,114 28,136 13,12 % 7% 6% Unskilled Labor Wage Rate 98, , ,68 114,91 3,636 % 3% 16% Firewood Bundle 6,133 7,19 6,99 6,99 3,14 % -3% 13% Local Sesame Oil 1 litre 78,746 93,7 8,179 79,643 37,411-1% -1% 1% Exchange Rate (Somali Shilling per USD) 2,13 2,14 22,189 22,418 1,49 1% 9% -11% Wage (Daily)/ Cereal (Sorghum(Kg)) % 27% 17% Local Goat (Head)/ Cereal (Sorghum(Kg)) % % -17% Indices Consumer Index % -9% - 3, 2, 2, 1, 1,, Figure 12: Trends in Cereal s Gedo Cereal (Red Sorghum) Bay Cereal (Red Sorghum) Bakool Cereal (Red Sorghum) Hiraan Cereal (White Sorghum) Figure 13:Trends in Wage Rates and Relative Purchasing Power 14, 12, 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, Relative Purchasing power wage to cereal (Kg/daily Wage) 8, 6, 4, 2, Figure 14: Imported Commodity s Compared to Exchange Rate Figure 1: Goat Local Quality per Unit (SoSh) Figure 16: Exchange Rate Figure 17: Water Drum (2 litres) 4

5 Regional analysis: Shabelle Regions -Year (21-214) Apr-1 Real % Change Same -year avrg (21- Imported Commodities s Diesel 1 litre 3,32 28,1 22,98 24,12 11,263 % -14% -2% Imported Red Rice 1kg 18,933 17,28 1,78 16, 7,436 2% -7% -1% Petrol 1 litre 3,163 29,4 26,833 27,333 12,774 2% -7% -9% Sugar 22,741 18,292 16,2 17, 7,97 % -7% -2% Vegetable Oil 1 litre 36,9 32,83 29,292 27,833 13,9 -% -13% -2% Wheat Flour 1kg 17,66 1,833 1, 1,917 7,397 3% 1% -7% Wheat Grain 1kg 1,166 21, 27, 21, 9,791-22% % 38% Cereal s Red Sorghum 1kg 1,862 1,473 1,833 11,264,2 4% 8% 4% White Maize 1kg 1,87 1,872 9,22 9,67 4,46 3% -12% -1% Livestock & Livestock Product s Camel Local Quality (Head) 14,911,334 2,7, 16,74, 16,88,333 7,812,843-1% -17% 11% Cattle Local Quality (Head),1,416 7,46,2,7,,9, 2,63,9-2% -2% 12% Fresh Camel Milk 1 litre 18,94 21, 2,833 19,83 8,888-26% -11% 1% Goat Export Quality (Head) 1,686,84 1,918,7 1,86,87 1,83,12 849,14 % -6% 7% Goat Local Quality (Head) 1,17,916 1,347, 1,384,83 1,29,417 61,29-6% -4% 1% Charcoal kg 12,44 121,2 128,2 13,42 61,384 2% 8% 8% Cowpeas 1 kg 23,28 21,63 22,19 22,683 1,83 2% % -3% Unskilled Labor Wage Rate 71,916 77,917 74,37 78,7 36,99 6% 1% 1% Firewood Bundle,66, 6,87 7,333 3,34 7% 47% 32% Local Sesame Oil 1 litre 8,141 68,7 6,667 6,83 26, % -18% -3% Exchange Rate (Somali Shilling per USD) 2,22 2,783 22,47 22,369 1,436 1% 8% -11% Wage (Daily)/ Cereal (Maize(Kg)) % 14% % Local Goat (Head)/ Cereal (Maize(Kg)) % 9% 1% Indices Consumer Index % -9% - 2, 2, 1, 1,, Figure 18: Trends in Cereal s Cereal (Maize) Figure 19: Trends in Wage Rates and Relative Purchasing Power 12, 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, Relative Purchasing power wage to cereal (Kg/daily Wage) 8, 6, 4, 2, Figure 2: Imported Commodity s Compared to Exchange Rate Figure 21: Goat Local Quality per Unit (SoSh) Figure 22: Exchange Rate Figure 23: Water Drum (2 litres)

6 Regional analysis: Banadir Region -Year (21-214) Apr-1 Real Same Year -year avrg (21-214) Imported Commodities s Diesel 1 litre 2,2 2,48 19,12 16,2 7,4-1% -21% -36% Imported Red Rice 1kg 16,81 12,896 12,667 12,667,866 % -2% -2% Petrol 1 litre 2,4 21,12 2,83 2,2 9,438-2% -4% -21% Sugar 2,7 14,438 13,917 13,833 6,41-1% -4% -33% Vegetable Oil 1 litre 34,26 24,729 23,12 23,28 1,831 % -6% -32% Wheat Flour 1kg 14,68 12,32 12,333 12,62,846 2% 2% -14% Wheat Grain 1kg 1,8 7,42 12,333 12,7,9 3% 69% 2% Cereal s Red Sorghum 1kg 9,29 7,388 8,96 8,82 4,6 3% 19% -2% White Maize 1kg 1,461 8,92 1,14 1,896,32 8% 22% 4% Livestock & Livestock Product s Camel Local Quality (Head) 17,, Cattle Local Quality (Head) 3,61, Fresh Camel Milk 1 litre 2,76 22,167 22,12 21,667 1,1-2% -2% 8% Goat Export Quality (Head) 2,249, 3,, 2,, 2,2, 1,9,628 13% -2% % Goat Local Quality (Head) 1,92, 2,468,7 1,731,2 1,787, 841,79 3% -28% -7% Charcoal kg 177, ,48 193,792 23,83 9,786 % 6% 1% Cowpeas 1 kg 22,818 1,78 21,7 2,17 9,63-6% 31% -1% Unskilled Labor Wage Rate 94,48 18,12 1,833 12,917 48,373 2% -% 9% Firewood Bundle 7,31 8,1 8, 8, 3,668 % -1% 14% Local Sesame Oil 1 litre 9,29 69, 63,42 6,83 28,199 -% -14% 1% Exchange Rate (Somali Shilling per USD) 2,91 2,192 22,317 22,17 1, 1% 12% -1% Wage (Daily)/ Cereal (Maize(Kg)) % -2% -1% Local Goat (Head)/ Cereal (Maize(Kg)) % -41% -23% Indices Consumer Index % -9% - Figure 24: Trends in Cereal s Figure 2: Bakara: Trends in Wage Rates and Relative Purchasing Power 2, 2, Cereal (Maize) 22, 2, 18, 3 3 1, 1,, 16, 14, 12, 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, Relative purchasing power wage to cereal (kg/daily wage) Figure 26: Imported Commodity s Compared to Exchange Rate Figure 27: Goat Local Quality per Unit (SoSh) 8, 6, 4, 2, Figure 28: Exchange Rate Figure 29: Wheat Flour 6

7 Regional analysis: Central Regions -Year (21-214) Apr-1 Real Same Year -year avrg (21-214) Imported Commodities s Diesel 1 litre 31,336 27,2 23,6 21,1 11,21-11% -22% -33% Imported Red Rice 1kg 22,73 19, 17,1 17,4 9,1 2% -8% -23% Petrol 1 litre 27,814 24,3 23,6 22,6 12,374-4% -7% -19% Sugar 26,96 2,4 19, 18,8 1,24-1% -8% -3% Vegetable Oil 1 litre 48,88 41,2 37,6 37,2 2,41-1% -1% -24% Wheat Flour 1kg 18,962 1,9 1,9 16, 8,739 1% 1% -1% Wheat Grain 1kg 16,212 1,333 18,167 17, 9,38-4% 14% 8% Cereal s Red Sorghum 1kg 13,62 12,813 1,7 11,2 6,96 % -12% -17% White Maize 1kg 14,646 17,917 12,6 12,8 6,949 2% -29% -13% Livestock & Livestock Product s Camel Local Quality (Head) 9,39,166 11,381,2 12,27, 13,187, 7,262,796 7% 16% 38% Cattle Local Quality (Head) 2,2, Fresh Camel Milk 1 litre 34,178 27,4 29,6 24,7 13,31-16% -1% -28% Goat Export Quality (Head) 1,43,18 1,41, 1,418,7 1,37, 747,31-4% -3% -7% Goat Local Quality (Head) 1,164, 1,1, 92, 889, 489,9-7% -19% -24% Charcoal kg 199,7 187, 163, 16, 86,91-4% -16% -22% Cowpeas 1 kg 26,732 17,4 21,9 21,1 11,48-4% 21% -21% Unskilled Labor Wage Rate 86,48 83, 8, 88, 48,36 4% % 2% Firewood Bundle 33,1 32,2 3, 34, 18,62-3% % 3% Local Sesame Oil 1 litre 91,39 89,4 91, 9,2 49,64-1% 1% -1% Exchange Rate (Somali Shilling per USD) 2,79 2,79 21,76 21,98 12,8 1% 6% -1% Wage (Daily)/ Cereal (Rice(Kg)) % 2% 67% Local Goat (Head)/ Cereal (Rice(Kg)) % -12% -4% Camel (Head)/Cereal (Kg) % 26% 69% Indices Consumer Index % -8% - 4, 3, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1,, Figure 3: Trends in Cereal s Cereal (Rice) Figure 31: Trends in wage rates and relative purchasing power 12, 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, Relative purchasing power wage to cereal (kg/daily wage) Figure 32: Imported Commodity s Compared to Exchange Rate Figure 33: Goat Local Quality per Unit (SoSh) 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, Figure 34: Exchange Rate Figure 3: Water Drum (2 litres) 7

8 Regional analysis: Northeast Regions -Year (21-214) Apr-1 Real Same Year -year avrg (21-214) Imported Commodities s Diesel 1 litre 26,881 22,63 16,12 17,37 7,71 8% -23% -3% Imported Red Rice 1kg 19,42 1, 14,87 14,7 6,3-1% -2% -24% Petrol 1 litre 23,772 2,2 17,37 18,313 8,132 % -1% -23% Sugar 23,32 16,938 16,37 16,438 7,289 % -3% -3% Vegetable Oil 1 litre 41,737 34,188 3,87 31,7 14,171 3% -7% -24% Wheat Flour 1kg 17,49 14, 14,2 14,63 6,221-1% -3% -2% Wheat Grain 1kg 2,8 21,37 21, 21,37 9,8 2% % -17% Cereal s Red Sorghum 1kg 2,81 21, 22,12 2,87 9,283-6% -3% % White Maize 1kg 19,383 22, 19, 18, 7,991 -% -18% -7% Livestock & Livestock Product s Camel Local Quality (Head) 14,79,82 1,86,2 14,7, 14,9, 6,719,797 2% -% 3% Cattle Local Quality (Head) 7,2, 8,37, 8,, 8,2, 3,78,24-3% -1% 1% Fresh Camel Milk 1 litre 39,16 4, 33,62 32,62 14,6-3% -18% -17% Goat Export Quality (Head) 1,476, 1,37, 1,362, 1,387, 623,69 2% -1% -6% Goat Local Quality (Head) 1,424, 1,47, 1,282, 1,28,62 7,3 % -13% -1% Charcoal kg 344,37 383,7 378,7 374,37 168,178-1% -2% 9% Cowpeas 1 kg 34,81 2,833 27, 27,167 12,111-1% % -21% Unskilled Labor Wage Rate 118,6 13, 13, 13, 8,334 % % 1% Firewood Bundle 37,7 46,2 2,188 1,2 22,936-2% 11% 36% Local Sesame Oil 1 litre 91,271 96,2 93,7 94,37 42,321 1% -2% 3% Exchange Rate (Somali Shilling per USD) 2,961 2,781 21,131 21,313 9,48 1% 3% -18% Wage (Daily)/ Cereal (Rice(Kg)) % % % Local Goat (Head)/ Cereal (Rice(Kg)) % -11% 16% Indices Consumer Index % 1% - Figure 36: Trends in Cereal s Figure 37: Trends in Wage Rates and Relative Purchasing Power 3, 2, 2, 1, 1,, Cereal (Rice) 14, 12, 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, Relative purchasing power wage to cereal (kg/daily wage) Figure 38: Imported Commodity s Compared to Exchange Rate Figure 39: Goat Local Quality per Unit (SoSh) 8, 6, 4, 2, Figure 4: Exchange Rate Figure 41: Water Drum (2 litres) 8

9 Regional analysis: Northwest Regions -Year (21-214) Apr-1 Real Same Year -year avrg (21-214) Imported Commodities s Diesel 1 litre 6,66 6,9 6,77 6,6,43-3% -% -1% Imported Red Rice 1kg 4,939,,2,6 4,226 1% % 2% Petrol 1 litre 6,78 7,39 7,28 7,7 6,3 7% % 14% Sugar,836,8,64,82 4,876 3% 4% % Vegetable Oil 1 litre 11,189 12,233 12,68 12,7 1,78 % 4% 14% Wheat Flour 1kg 4,19 4,42 4,28 4,36 3,628 2% -1% 4% Wheat Grain 1kg 2,997 3,313 3, 3,7 2,97 2% 8% 19% Cereal s White Sorghum 1kg 3,33 3,71 3,6 3,78 3,132 6% 2% 14% Yellow Maize 1kg 3,23 3,362 3,687 3,783 3,134 3% 13% 17% Livestock & Livestock Product s Camel Local Quality (Head) 2,72,8 3,491,667 4,233,333 4,38, 3,744,7 3% 2% 7% Cattle Local Quality (Head) 1,793,733 2,1, 2,233,333 2,293,333 1,96,647 3% -9% 28% Fresh Camel Milk 1 litre,437,7 6,27 7,2 6,99 16% 27% 33% Goat Export Quality (Head) 46,6 467,8 434,22 442,4 378,18 2% -% 9% Goat Local Quality (Head) 39,62 342,1 317,7 318,7 272,424 % -7% 3% Charcoal kg 38,38 47,1 2,8 2,2 44,38-1% 1% 36% Cowpeas 1 kg 9,41 9,431 11,7 11,94 9,813-1% 23% 23% Unskilled Labor Wage Rate 38,2 47, 1,2 1,2 43,67 % 9% 34% Firewood Bundle 2,948 3,833 3,833 4,2 3,34 11% 11% 44% Local Sesame Oil 1 litre 26,66 33,2 32, 32,938 28,61 3% -1% 24% Exchange Rate (Somaliland Shilling per USD) 6,69 6,92 7,14 7,28 6,124 2% % 9% Wage (Daily)/ Cereal (Rice(Kg)) % 11% 43% Local Goat (Head)/ Cereal (Rice(Kg)) % -7% 2% Indices Consumer Index % -9% - Figure 42: Trends in Cereal s Figure 43: Trends in Wage Rates and Relative Purchasing Power 7, 6, 2 SLSH 6,, 4, 3, 2, 1, Cereal (Rice) SLSH,, 4, 4, 3, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1, Relative purchasing power wage to cereal (kg/daily wage), Figure 44: Imported Commodity s Compared to Exchange Rate Figure 4: Goat Local Quality 14, 12, 1, per Unit (SLSh) 8, 6, 4, 2, SOMALILAND SHILLINGS PER DOLLAR Figure 46: Exchange Rate Figure 47: Water Drum (2 litres) SlSh SlSh SlSh 9

10 Trends in Livestock Exports Table 1: Berbera Livestock Exports (Number of Heads) Shoats 2,48,136 1,61,83 1,46 341,711 63,17 89,44 1,23,79 1,17,242 1,3,4 1,219,19 1,6,3 2,84,81 3,14,684 3,219,84 2,888,9 3,89,92 Cattle 89,967 63,263 2,973 37,47 84, ,82 148,11 8,631 88,143 8,1 88, 133,21 1,934 19,34 2,87 22,97 Camel 37,43 16,984 3,473 18,864 21,874,147,69 22,81 14,24 26,1 2,26 92,61 17,281 12,664 7,728 64,78 Number of Heads 3,6, 3,4, 3,2, 3,, 2,8, 2,6, 2,4, 2,2, 2,, 1,8, 1,6, 1,4, 1,2, 1,, 8, 6, 4, 2, Figure 48: Berbera Livestock Exports (Number of Heads) Camel Cattle Shoats YEAR Table 2: Bossaso Livestock Exports (Number of Heads) Jan-Apr 21 Shoats 633,669 71,4 48,83 1,412,4 1,483,49 1,166,48 1,94,89 1,777,283 1,22,8 1,236,77 1,19,44 1,333,478 1,26,3 1,192,197 1,349, , ,641 Cattle 36,86 27,64 42,248 3,313 71,328 79,994 91,91 14,9 89,19 78,46 67,38 13,88 99,8 76,43 77,33 87,79 39,28 Camel 1,44 8,177 1,9 9,72 4,29 2,488 26,19 33,724 27,8 27,639 1,331 36,86 4,878 22,288 19,32 12,21 3,36 Figure 49: Bossaso Livestock Exports (Number of Heads) Number of Heads 3,6, 3,4, 3,2, 3,, 2,8, 2,6, 2,4, 2,2, 2,, 1,8, 1,6, 1,4, 1,2, 1,, 8, 6, 4, 2, Camel Cattle Shoats YEAR 1

11 Trends in Cereal Imports Table 3: Total Cereal Imports through Berbera, Bossaso and Mogadishu Ports (Tonnes) * Jan-Apr 21 Rice 63,464 7,687 74, ,6 18, ,67 1,17 198,11 166, ,7 171, ,41 272, ,9 17,868 17,49,443 Wheat flour,176 78, 134,42 128, ,442 11, 169,83 178,34 176, ,28 24, ,8 28, , ,8 273,211 74,986 Pasta 8,44 11,71 26,72 3,42 29,273 38,749 39,13 2,81 41,331 38,441 86,372 12, , , , ,989 6,78 4, 3, Figure : Total Cereal Imports (Berbera, Bossaso and Mogadishu) Rice Wheat flour Pasta Cereal Imports in Tonnes 3, 2, 2, 1, 1,, Year * Bosasso import data is up to April 21, Berbera data is up to March 21 and Elman (Mogadishu) is up to January 21. Mogadishu data (Elmaan Port) for 213 includes only January -March imports. Technical Partners FSNAU Funding Agencies 11