AREA AND PRODUCTION OF CROPS

Transcription

1 THE FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA CENTRAL STATISTICAL AGENCY AGRICULTURAL SAMPLE SURVEY 2009/2010 (2002 E.C.) (September December, 2009) VOLUME IV REPORT ON AREA AND PRODUCTION OF CROPS (PRIVATE PEASANT HOLDINGS, MEHER SEASON) ADDIS ABABA May, STATISTICAL BULLETIN 446

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE PART I.INTRRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES OF THE SURVEY INTRRODUCTION OBJECTIVES OF THE SURVEY 2 PART II SURVEY METHODOLOGY,DATA COLLECTION AND PEOCESSING 2.1 SCOPE AND COVERAGE OF THE SURVEY SAMPLEING FRAME SAMPLE DESIGN SELECTION SCHEME ORGANIZATION OF FIELD WORK TRAINING OF FIELD STAFF METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION DATA PROCESSING 6 a) Editing, Coding and Verification. 6 b) Data Entry, Cleaning and Tabulation CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS... 7 PART III SUMMARY OF SURVEY RESULTS Introduction Major findings of te year 2009/10(2002 E.C) Post-arvest Crop Production Survey, Maer Season Comparison of te current year 2009/10 Post-arvest crop yield wit last Year 2008/09 estimate 17 APPENDIX I. ESTIMATION PROCEDURES OF TOTALS,RATION AND SAMPLING ERRORS 34 APPENDIX II. STANDARD ERRORS AND COEFFICIENTS OF VARIATION. 39 APPENDIX III. NUMBER OF PLANNED AND ACTUALLY COVERED SAMPLING UNITS. 53 APPENDIX IV. QUESTIONNAIRES ABBREVIATIONS: CV-COEFFICIENT OF VARIATION E.C- ETHIOPIAN CALENDER S.N.N.P.R- SOUTHERN NATIONS,NATIONALITIES AND PEOPLES REGION

3 PART I INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES OF THE SURVEY 1.1. INTRODUCTION Te sound performance of agriculture warrants te availability of food crops. Tis accomplisment in agriculture does not only signify te adequate acquisition of food crops to attain food security, but also eralds a positive aspect of te economy. In regard to tis, collective efforts are being geared to securing agricultural outputs of te desired level so tat self reliance in food supply can be acieved and disaster caused food sortages be contained in te sortest possible time in Etiopia. Te prime role tat agriculture plays in a country s political, economic and social stability makes measures of agricultural productions extremely sensitive. Statistics collected on agricultural productions are, terefore, fraugt wit questions of reliability by data users. To tackle tese questions convincingly and dissipate te misgivings of users, information on agriculture as to be collected using standard procedures of data collection. Upolding tis principle, te Central Statistical Agency (CSA) as been furnising statistical information on te country s agriculture since 1980/81 to alert policy interventionists on te canges taking place in te agricultural sector. As part of tis task te 2009/10 (2002 E.C.) Agricultural Sample Survey (AgSS) was conducted to provide data on crop area and production of crops witin te private peasant oldings for Meer Season of te specified year. Te survey results are presented in tis bulletin and oter electronic media for data users. Te report comprises tree parts. Part I contains te objectives of tis annual survey. Part II deals wit coverage of te survey, sample design, field organization and metod of data collection and Part III includes te survey results. Estimation procedures and formulation of estimates of totals, ratios and variance are presented in Appendix I. Estimates of te standard errors wit te corresponding coefficients of variations for area and production of crops are presented in Appendix II. Te numbers of agricultural 1

4 ouseolds covered, number of parcels and fields measured are presented in appendix III and te survey questionnaires in Appendix IV OBJECTIVES OF THE SURVEY Te general objective of CSA s Agricultural Sample Survey (AgSS) is to collect basic quantitative information on te country s agriculture tat is essential for planning, policy formulation, monitoring and evaluation of mainly food security and oter agricultural activities. Te AgSS is composed of four components: Crop Production Forecast Survey, Meer Season Post Harvest Survey (Area and production, land use, farm management and crop utilization), Livestock Survey and Belg Season Survey. Te specific objectives of Meer Season Post Harvest Survey are to estimate te total crop area, volume of crop production and yield of crops for Meer Season agriculture in Etiopia. Te report is based on private peasant oldings in rural sedentary areas of te country and part of companion reports on te performance of agriculture in te country. Te report is compiled at national and regional level only. 2

5 PART II SURVEY METHODOLOGY, DATA COLLECTION AND PROCESSING 2.1. SCOPE AND COVERAGE OF THE SURVEY Te range of data items tat te 2009/10 (2002 E.C) Annual Agricultural Sample Survey (Meer Season) dealt wit includes all cereals, pulses and oilseeds and te most commonly grown vegetables, root crops and permanent (perennial) crops. Holders growing at least one or more of tese and / or oter crops are enumerated and data on crop area and yield condition recorded, ence data on production of tese crops acquired. Te 2009/10 (2002 E.C) Annual Agricultural Sample Survey (Meer season) covered te entire rural parts of te country except te non-sedentary population of tree zones of Afar & six zones of Somali regions. To be covered by te survey, a total of 1,660 Enumeration Areas (EAs) were selected. However, due to various reasons tat are beyond control, in 25 EAs te survey could not be successful and ence interrupted. Tus, all in all te survey succeeded to cover 1,635 EAs (98.5 %) trougout te regions. Te Annual Agricultural Sample survey (Meer season) was conducted on te basis of 20 agricultural ouseolds selected from eac EA. Regarding te ultimate sampling units, it was intended to cover a total of 33,200 agricultural ouseolds, owever, 32,630 (98.3 %) were actually covered by te survey. 2.2 SAMPLING FRAME Te list containing EAs of all regions and teir respective ouseolds obtained from te 1999 E.C cartograpic census frame was used as te sampling frame in order to select te primary sampling units (EAs). Consequently, all sample EAs were selected from tis frame based on te design proposed for te survey. Te second stage sampling units, ouseolds, were selected from a fres list of ouseolds tat were prepared for eac EA at te beginning of te survey. 3

6 2.3 SAMPLE DESIGN In order to select te sample a stratified two-stage cluster sample design was implemented. Enumeration areas (EAs) were taken to be te primary sampling units (PSUs) and te secondary sampling units (SSUs) were agricultural ouseolds. Te sample size for te 2009/10 agricultural sample survey was determined by taking into account of bot te required level of precision for te most important estimates witin eac domain and te amount of resources allocated to te survey. In order to reduce non-sampling errors, manageability of te survey in terms of quality and operational control was also considered. All regions were taken to be te domain of estimation for wic major findings of te survey are reported. 2.4 SELECTION SCHEME Enumeration areas from eac stratum were selected systematically using probability proportional to size sampling tecnique; size being number of agricultural ouseolds. Te sizes for EAs were obtained from te 1999 E.C cartograpic census frame. From te fres list of ouseolds prepared at te beginning of te survey 20 agricultural ouseolds witin eac sample EA were selected systematically. Estimation procedure of totals, ratios, sampling error and te measurement of precision of estimates (CV) are given in Appendix-I and II respectively. Distribution of sampling units (sampled and covered EAs and ouseolds) by stratum is also presented in Appendix-III ORGANIZATION OF FIELD WORK Te conduct of a survey cannot be executed witout te arrangement of fieldwork. In recognition of tis, te organization of fieldwork as been entrusted to te Department of Regional Offices and Field Operations tat liaises between te Head Office and te 25 Branc Statistical Offices spread across te regions. All Branc Offices took part in te survey execution especially in recruiting te enumerators, organizing te 2 nd stage training, assigning te field staff to teir sites of enumeration, supervising te data 4

7 collection and retrieving completed questionnaires and submitting tem to te Head Office for data processing. Te Branc Offices were also responsible for administering te financial and logistic aspects of te survey witin teir areas of operation. A total of 1,817 enumerators, 558 field supervisors, 44 coordinators and 65 statisticians were involved in te data collection were on te average one supervisor was assigned to five enumeration areas for supervision of data collection. All te enumerators were supplied wit te necessary survey equipment after te completion of te training to ensure te smoot operation of te survey. To facilitate te data collection activities, a total of 164 four-weel drive veicles were used TRAINING OF FIELD STAFF Te execution of a survey and quality of data acquired from te survey igly depend on te type of training given to te enumerators and supervisors and te consequent understanding of te tasks to be performed and te standard procedures to be followed by te enumerators and supervisors in te survey undertaking. Te quality and completeness of data are ensured wen te training meets its objective of producing responsible and fervent enumerators and supervisors. In ligt of tis point, te training was given to te field staff in two stages. Te first stage training, wic took place at te Head Quarters of CSA and lasted 7 days targeted staff from te Head Office, statisticians and senior field supervisors from Branc Statistical Offices. Te staff tat took part in te first stage training was ten assigned to conduct similar training for te enumerators and oter supervisors for 12 days in all te twenty- five Branc Statistical Offices distributed across te country. In te training te field staff was given detailed classroom instruction on ow to collect data, metod of area measurement, interviewing procedures, etc. Te training also included field practice to reinforce te understanding of concepts, definitions and teories discussed in te classroom wit regard to field measurement, crop cutting, GPS reading and interviewing metods. 5

8 2.7. METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION Te agricultural data for te year 2009/10 (2002 E.C) was collected from sedentary rural peasant ouseolds by interviewing te selected agricultural olders and pysically measuring teir fields to obtain data on crop yields and oter items of interest. Te data obtained were recorded in various forms designed for tis purpose. Instruments like measuring tape; compass, kitcen balance, scientific calculators, GPS ( Oromiya region only) and oters were used during data collection for a timely and smoot acquisition of accurate data. Te procedures for measuring area under crop and area of non - crop fields operated by te olders were performed for te 30 selected ouseolds from eac sampled E.A. using measuring tapes and compasses DATA PROCESSING a) Editing, Coding and Verification Statistical data editing plays an important role in ensuring te quality of te collected survey data. It minimizes te effects of errors introduced wile collecting data in te field, ence te need for data editing, coding and verification. Altoug coding and editing are done by te enumerators and supervisors in te field, respectively, verification of tis task is done at te Head Office. An editing, coding and verification instruction manual was prepared and reproduced for tis purpose. Ten 66 editors-coders and verifiers were trained for two days in editing, coding and verification using te aforementioned manual as a reference and teacing aid. Te completed questionnaires were edited, coded and later verified on a 100 % basis before te questionnaires were passed over to te data entry unit. Te editing, coding and verification exercise of all questionnaires took 18 days. b) Data Entry, Cleaning and Tabulation Before data entry, te Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment Statistics Directorate of te CSA prepared edit specification for te survey for use on personal computers for data consistency cecking purposes. Te data on te edited and coded questionnaires were ten entered into personal computers. Te data were ten cecked 6

9 and cleaned using te edit specifications prepared earlier for tis purpose. Te data entry operation involved about 70 data encoders, 10 data encoder supervisors, 12 data cleaning operators and 55 personal computers. Te data entered into te computers using te entry module of te CSPRO (Census and Survey Processing System) software, wic is a software package developed by te United States Bureau of te Census. Following te data entry operations, te data was furter reviewed for data inconsistencies, missing data etc. by te regular professional staff from Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment Statistics Directorate. Te final stage of te data processing was to summarizing te cleaned data and produce statistical tables tat present te results of te survey using te tabulation component of te PC based CSPRO software produced by professional staff from Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment Statistics Directorate CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS Data items of agriculture ave to be distinctly defined and identified, so tat te information about te items becomes useful. Te correct way of stating data items and related terms is a prerequisite for making standards and definitions for te collection and compilation of agricultural data. Te purpose of using standard concepts and definitions is not only to provide quality data but also to ensure tat te rigt items are enumerated and measured accurately to reflect te agricultural situation. Standard concepts and definitions used in te survey elp to maintain consistent enumeration and measurement of variables of interest. To acieve tis, CSA communicates concepts and definitions to te field staff troug training and instruction manuals. Te concepts and definitions used in te survey included te following. Enumeration Area (E.A): an enumeration area in te rural parts of te country is a locality tat is, in most of te cases less tan, and only in some cases equal to a farmers association in geograpical area and usually consists of ouseolds. Houseold: a ouseold may be eiter: a) a one person ouseold, tat is a person wo makes provisions for is own living witout combining wit any oter person to form part of a multi- person ouseold or 7

10 b) a multi-person ouseold, tat is, a group of two or more persons wo live togeter and make common provisions for food and oter essentials of living. Te persons in te group may pool teir incomes and ave a common budget to a greater or lesser extent. Tey may be related or unrelated persons or a combination of bot. Tese persons are taken as members of te ouseold. Agriculture: - Te growing of crops and/or raising of animals for own consumption and /or sale. Agricultural Houseold: - a ouseold is considered an agricultural ouseold wen at least one member of te ouseold is engaged in growing crops and/or raising livestock in private or in combination wit oters. Holding: - a olding is all te land and /or livestock kept, wic is used wolly or partly for agricultural production and is operated as one legal entity by one person alone, or wit oters wit out regard to management, organization, size or location. Holder: - a older is a person wo exercises management control over te operation of te agricultural olding and makes te major decision regarding te utilization of te available resources. He/se as primary tecnical and economic responsibility for te olding. He/se may operate te olding directly as an owner or a manager. Under conditions of traditional agricultural olding te older may be regarded as te person, wo wit or wit out te elp of oters, operates land and/or raises livestock in is/ er own rigt, i.e. te person wo decides on wic, were, wen, and ow to grow crops or raise livestock or bot and as te rigt to determine te utilization of te products. Parcel: - a parcel of olding is any piece of land entirely surrounded by land and/or water and/or road and/or forest etc., wic is not part of te olding. It may consist of one or more cadastral units, plots or fields adjacent to eac oter. Field: - a field is defined as any plot of land wic is a parcel or part of a parcel under te same or mixed crops or any oter form of land use (private olding). 8

11 Crop: includes cereals, pulses, oilseeds, vegetables, root crops, fruits, coffee, Enset, Cat, ops, sugarcane, cotton, tobacco, etc produced for food, making drinks, stimulation and making fabrics or cloting. Crop production: - te process of growing and arvesting of te above crops for own consumption and/or sale. Temporary/Annual Crops: - Annual/temporary crops are crops, wic are grown in less tan a year s time, sometimes only a few monts wit an objective to sow or replant again for additional production following te current arvest. Continuously grown crops planted in rotation are also considered as temporary crops since eac is arvested and destroyed by plouging in preparation for eac successive crop. Permanent (Perennial) Crops: - Crops, wic are grown and occupy land for a long period of time, not requiring replanting for several years after eac arvest, are considered as permanent crops. All fruit trees (i.e. oranges, mandarin, bananas, etc) and trees for beverages (i.e. coffee, tea, ops (Geso), etc) are considered permanent crops but meadows and pastures are excluded. Meer (Main) Season Crop: - any temporary crop arvested between te monts of Meskerm (September) and Yekatit (February) is considered as meer season crop. Belg Season Crop: - any temporary crop arvested between te monts of Megabit (Marc) and Pagume (August) is considered to be Belg Season Crop. Note:- 1. If in some tables figures do not add up to total it is due to rounding 2. Tose area and production designated by * in all tables could not be reported because of ig coefficient of variation ( i.e. tey are less reliable). However, tey are consolidated in te total estimates. 3.In all tables - indicates not reported. 9

12 PART III SUMMARY OF SURVEY RESULTS 3.1 INTRODUCTION By and large, agriculture in Etiopia is subsistence. Tis is particularly true to te major food crops grown in te country and covered in te survey. Te major food crops are produced in almost all regions of te country in spite of te variation in volume of production across te regions. Te variation may be attributed to te extent of area devoted to eac crop type, weater cange and a sift in preference for te crops grown. Te food crops on wic data is collected are te ones tat are commonly grown by te majority of peasant olders. In te statistical tables tese crops ave been categorized into eigt groups for simplicity of description and comparison purposes. Te groups are cereals, pulses, oilseeds, vegetables, root crops, fruit crops, stimulant crops and sugar cane. Stimulant crops consist of Cat, coffee and ops. Crop yield per area (amount of crop arvested per amount of land planted) is te most commonly used impact indicator for agricultural productivity activities. Crop yields are inevitably affected by many factors, tese are weater, input price, canges in farming practices, amounts of fertilizer used, quality of seed varieties,and use of irrigation. 3.2 Major Findings of te Year 2009/10 (2002 E.C.), Post-Harvest Crop Production Survey, Meer Season Te results of te year 2009/10 (2002 E.C.), Meer Season Post-arvest Crop Production Survey as been summarized and quantitative information wit regard to farm management practice, land use and Utilization agricultural produce will be made available at national and regional reporting levels, consecutively, following tis report. Tis report, owever, presents quantitative information on cropped land area and production of bot temporary and permanent crops at Country and regional reporting levels. 10

13 In tis section of te report, terefore, brief discussions on te major findings of te Survey are presented as follows Grain Crops:- refer to te major crop category tat included cereals, pulses and oilseeds, wic not only constituted te major food crops for te majority of te country s population but also served as a source of income at ouseold level and a contributer for te country s foreign currency earnings, among oters. Te results of te year 2008/09 (2001 E.C.), Meer Season Post-arvest Crop Production Survey indicate tat a total land area of about million ectares are covered by grain crops i.e. cereals, pulses and oilseeds, from wic a total volume of about million quintals of grains are obtained, from private peasant oldings (See Table 1 below). Table 1 Total Area under and Production of Grain Crops for Private oldings, 2009/10 (2002 E.C.), Meer Season Crop Category Total Area in Hectare % Total Production in Qts % Cereals... 9,233, ,342, Pulses... 1,489, ,980, Oil Crop.. 780, ,436, Grain Crops.. 11,503, ,758, Note:- Assuming wat as been estimated for belg season and commercial farms in 2008/09 will be obtained during te current crop season, te total picture for te country in 2008/09 will be as follows :- Grain Crops Area in Ha Estimated Production in Qts Private oldings in 2009/10 Meer Season 11,503, ,748,896 Commercial farms in bot Seasons 300,956 5,118,186 Private oldings in Belg Season 1,017,562 6,805,584 Grand Total 12,827, ,580,111 witin te category of grain crops, Cereals are te major food crops bot in terms of te area tey are planted to and volume of production obtained. Tey are produced in larger volume compared wit oter crops because tey are te principal staple crops. Cereals are grown in all te regions wit varying quantity as sown in te survey results. Te data in Table 1 well underpin tis finding of te survey. 11

14 Out of te total grain crop area, 80.26% (9.23 million ectares) was under cereals. Teff, maize, weat and sorgum took up 22.5% (about 2.58 million ectares), 15.41% (about 1.77million ectares), 14.64% (1.68 million ectares) and 14.07% (1.62 million ectares) of te grain crop area, respectively. As to production, te tables paint similar picture as tat of te area. Cereals contributed 85.94% (about million quintals) of te grain production. Maize, weat, Teff and sorgum made up 21.56% ( million quintals), 17.02% ( million quintals), 17.59% ( million quintals) and 16.44% ( million quintals) of te grain production, in te same order. Te survey results sow tat te private peasant olders grow various crops for own consumption and/ or economic benefits. Pulses are also among te various crops produced in all te regions of te country after cereals. Pulses are grown in different volumes across te country as indicated in Table 2. Pulses grown in 2009 /10 (2002 E.C) covered 12.95% (1.49 million ectares) of te grain crop area and 10.5% (more tan million quintals) of te grain production was drawn from te same crops. Faba beans, aricot beans, and field peas were planted to 4.45% (more tan 512 tousand ectares), 2.12% (more tan 244 tousand ectares) and 1.97% (about 226 tousand ectares) of te grain crop area. Te production obtained from faba beans, cick-peas, and aricot beans was 3.38% (about 6.11 million), 1.57% (about 2.85 million) and 2.01(3.63 million) quintals of te grain production, in tat order. Oilseeds refe to crops wic are also classified witin grain crops category, noneteless. oilseeds are grown to flavour te food consumed at ome and earn some cas for peasant olders in te country. Various oil crops are produced in all te regions wit differing quantity as illustrated in te survey results. Table 1 underscores tis point in detail. Oilseeds added 6.79% (about 780 tousand ectares) of te grain crop area and 3.56% (about 6.44 million quintals) of te production to te national grain total. Neug, sesame and linseed covered 2.23% (about 256 tousand ectares), 2.75% (more tan 315 tousand 12

15 ectares) and 1.22% (more tan 140 tousand ectares) of te grain crop area and 0.87% (about 1.57 million quintals), 1.44% (about 2.61 million quintals) and 0.83% (about 1.51 million quintals) of te grain production, respectively Vegetables- olders living near to urban centres largely practice vegetable farming. Most vegetables are not commonly practiced by te rural private peasant olders, ence te small volume of production recorded as well evidenced by te survey results. Statistical Table 1 underlines tis more in te report. Vegetables took up about 1.07% of te area under all crops at national level. Of all te area under vegetables 64.93% and 23.69% was under red peppers and Etiopian Cabbage, respectively. As to production of vegetables, 28.59% and 49.20% was tat of te same crops, in tat order Root Crops - Some root crops like onion and garlic are indispensable to improve te taste and scent of te food we eat. Oters like potatoes, sweet potatoes and taro/ Godere are among te list of major food crops tat are consumed across te country. Tese and oter economic importances prompt te peasant olders to grow many of te root crops as sown in te survey results. Table 2 substantiates tis point in more details. 13

16 Etiopia Table 2 - Area, Production and Yield of Crops for Private Peasant Holdings for Meer Season 2009/2010 (2002 E.C) Number Area Production Crop of olders in ectare in quintal yield (qt / a) Grain Crops ,208,970 11,503, ,758,896 Cereals... 11,857,352 9,233, ,342,280 Teff... 5,630,440 2,588, ,793, Barley... 4,365,199 1,129, ,504, Weat... 4,666,194 1,683, ,756, Maize... 7,148,501 1,772, ,971, Sorgum... 4,072,328 1,618, ,712, Finger millet... 1,346, , ,241, Oats/'Aja' ,886 24, , Rice ,432 47, ,031, Pulses... 6,659,923 1,489, ,980,473 Faba beans.... 3,689, , ,108, Field peas... 1,493, , ,358, Haricot beans... 2,153, , ,628, Cick-peas , , ,846, Lentils , , ,237, Vetc , , ,040, Soya beans... 62,508 5, * * Fenugreek ,227 21, , Gibto ,717 25, , Oilseeds... 2,737, , ,436,144 Neug , , ,578, Linseed , , ,506, Groundnuts ,694 41, , Sunflower... 89,998 4, , Sesame , , ,605, Rapeseed ,999 21, , Vegetables... 5,060, , ,573,568 Lettuce... 37,591 * * * Head Cabbage ,662 2, , Etiopian Cabbage... 2,799,879 32, ,741, Tomatoes ,704 4, , Green peppers ,431 7, , Red peppers... 1,776,393 89, ,593, Swiss card... 97, , Root Crops... 5,038, , ,063,778 Beetroot ,382 1, , Carrot ,032 2, , Onion ,342 17, ,693, Potatoes... 1,371,759 69, ,723, Garlic... 2,079,195 15, ,796, Taro/'Godere' ,894 52, ,060, Sweet potatoes... 1,296,460 53, ,507, Fruit Crops... 2,625,123 53, ,089, Avocados ,233 5, , Bananas... 1,522,523 29, ,085, Guavas ,781 1, , Lemons , , Mangoes ,084 8, , Oranges ,467 3, , Papayas ,885 3, , Pineapples... 11,022 * * * Cat... 1,723, , ,162, Coffee... 2,959, , ,654, Hops... 1,615,533 23, , Sugar Cane ,720 18, ,724, Enset... 3,447, , ,015,

17 Root crops covered more tan 1.65% of te area under all crops in te country. Potatoes, sweet potatoes and taro ( Godere ) added 32.88%, 25.19% and 24.6% of te area to te root crop total. Te same crops and onion contributed 31.88%, 24.95%, 22.48% and 9.37% to te root crop production total in te same order Fruit Crops Te survey results sow tat fruit crops grown by te private peasant olders cover only a small token area and production in te country. Te number of olders practicing fruit farming is muc less tan tat of grains or cereals as indicated in te tables. More tan 53 tousand ectares of land is under fruit crops in Etiopia. Bananas contributed about 55.40% of te fruit crop area followed by mangoes tat contributed 16.26% of te area. More tan 4.08 million quintals of fruits was produced in te country. Bananas, Papayas, mangoes and oranges took up 51.01%, 10.68%, 16.05% and 10.72% of te fruit production, respectively, as sown in Table Stimulant crops Farmers engaged in growing and producing stimulant crops suc as coffee and Cat are greater in number tan tose growing fruits. Te area and production of tese crops are also larger tan tat of fruits since tey earn a considerable amount of cas for te olders. Table 1 sow Cat and coffee sared 1.08% and 3.07% of 15

18 te area under all crops in te country and 1.16 and 2.65 million quintals of produce was obtained from tese crops in te same agricultural year respectively Sugar Cane- is grown in small areas in some parts of te country witin te private peasant oldings. More tan 18 tousand ectares of land was under sugar cane in te country, yielding more tan 6.72 million quintals of produce by te peasant olders. But te production is not usually used for industrial purposes. It is noticeably used up in ouseold consumption Enset:- is grown in sout-western part of te country and covers considerable land area witin te private oldings. More tan 395 tousand ectares of land was under Enset in te country, yielding more tan 8.02 million quintals of produce by te peasant olders 3.3 Comparison of te current year (2009/10) Post Harvest Crop yield wit last year (2008/09), estimates. In tis section of te report an attempt as been made to compare te post-arvest crop productivity estimates of selected important food crops obtained from te 2009/10 (2002 E.C.) Agricultural Sample Survey wit last year i.e. 2008/09 crop yield estimates of te same crops. Te presentation of Suc comparisons are believed to give a bird s eye view weter, or not te current year estimated increase in te volume of production over te last year estimate, is effected from increased cropped area or due to te attainment of enanced crop yield or te contribution of bot ave brougt te increment of te current year production, contributed but enanced crop yield taken up te lion saret, so as one can generally indicate te direction, te rate of cange and te level of steps te agriculture sector taking up on te ladder of transformation to commercialized agriculture from its intial subsistence and back ward stating point. Of cource, it sould be noted tat, except te progress made during te te last two and alf decades, te te agricultural sector in Etiopia ad remained stagenant for centuries wit limited progress in few specific areas. 16

19 Consequently, te results of suc comparison are believed to serve as problem area in dicators for concerned stakeolders to develop and implement corrective measures, so as to accelerate te speed of transforming te existing agriculture into commercial agriculture. Tus, to meet te so far mentioned objectives, te following brief discussion on te results of crop productivity comparisons made for selected important food crops at country level is presented: Even toug te rain fall was not adequate in te current crop-growing season, i.e. 2009/10 (2002 E.C.), bot te estimated cropped land area and te volume of grain crops production obtained ave increased by about 2.61 % and 5.60% over last year 2008/09 post arvest estimate. However, wit regard to estimated crop yield, crops suc as barely, maze and oats witin te category of cereals, crops suc as faba beans, aricot beans, cick pease and soyabeans witin te category of pulses as well as crops suc as sufflower and rape seed witin te category of oilcrops, ave sown a decrease tat ranges from 8.51% for rape seed to 0.15% for cik pease in te current year postarvest estimated crop yield wen compared wit last year estimates. On te oter and, a number of crops witin te grain crops category ave sown significant increment in te current year post arvested estimated yield wen compared wit last year I,e, 2008/09 estimates. For instance, te estimated crop productivity of te following 17

20 selected important food crops i.e. Teff, weat, faba beans and cickpeas ave sown significant increment, were te increment ranges from 17.47% for Cicpeas to 6.17% for Teff wen compared wit te year 2007/08 post arvest estimates, wile te range of te increment over te 2008/09 post arvest estimate was 11.14% for cickpeas and 1.56% for Teff (See Figure 3 & Statistical Table 4). Table 3 - Estimate of Area and Production of Grain Crops for 2008/2009 (2001 E.C) and 2009/2010 (2002 E.C), Meer Season Area in ectare Production in quintal Region 2009 / / 09 % 2009 / /09 % (2002 E.C) (2001 E.C) Cange (2002 E.C) (2001 E.C) Cange TIGRAY 856, , ,486, ,349, AFAR * 17,423 * * 425,491 * AMHARA 3,997,750 3,973, ,105, ,721, OROMIA 5,348,593 5,073, ,712, ,384, SOMALI 69,789 75, ,172, ,676, BENISHANGUL-GUMUZ 188, , ,252, ,764, S.N.N.P.R. 1,006, , ,491, ,336, GAMBELA 9,715 10, , , HARARI 9,855 10, , , DIRE DAWA 10,045 7, , , ALL 11,503,249 11,210, ,758, ,167,

21 Etiopia Table 4 - Estimate of Area, Production and Yield of Crops for 2008/2009 (2001 E.C) and 2009/2010 (2002 E.C), Meer Season Area in ectare Production in quintal Yield (quintal / ectare) 2009 / / 09 % 2009 / / 09 % 2009 / / 09 % Crop (2002 E.C) (2001 E.C) Cange (2002 E.C) (2001 E.C) Cange (2002 (2001 Cange E.C) E.C) Grain crops 11,503, ,758, Cereals 9,233, ,342, Teff 2,588, ,793, Barley 1,129, ,504, Weat 1,683, ,756, Maize 1,772, ,971, Sorgum 1,618, ,712, Finger millet 368, ,241, Oats / Aja 24, , Rice 47, ,031, Pulses 1,489, ,980, Faba beans 512, ,108, Field peas 226, ,358, Haricot beans 244, ,628, Cick-peas 213, ,846, Lentils 105, ,237, Grass peas 135, ,040, Soya beans 5, , Fenugreek 21, , Gibto 25, , Oilseeds 780, ,436, Neug 256, ,578, Linseed 140, ,506, Groundnuts 41, , Safflower 4, , Sesame 315, ,605, Rape seed 21, , Vegetables 138, ,573, Lettuce 156 * * 9,149 * * * * Head cabbage 2, , Et. Cabbage 32, ,741, Tomatoes 4, , Green peppers 7, , Red peppers 89, ,593, Swiss card , Root crops 212, ,063, Beetroot 1, , Carrot 2,713 * * 182, * * Onion 17, ,693, Potatoes 69, ,723, Garlic 15, ,796, Taro / Godere 52, ,060, Sweet potatoes 53, ,507, Fruit crops 53, ,089, Avocados 5, , Bananas 29, ,085, Guavas 1, , Lemons , Mangoes 8, , Oranges 3, , Papayas 3, , Pineapples ,176 * * * * Cat 138, ,162, Coffee 395, ,654, Hops 23, , Sugar cane 18, ,724, Enset 395, ,015,

22 Table 5 - Area, Production and Yield of Crops for Private Peasant Holdings for Meer Season 2009/2010 (2002 E.C) Tigray Crop Number Area Production of olders in ectare in quintal yield (qt / a) Grain Crops , Cereals , Teff , Barley , Weat , Maize , Sorgum , Finger millet , Oats/'Aja'... * * * * Rice... * * - - Pulses , Faba beans , Field peas... 80, Haricot beans... 30, Cick-peas... 72, Lentils... 75, Grass Peas... 47, Soya beans... * * - - Fenugreek... 21, Gibto Oilseeds , Neug... 50, Linseed , Groundnuts... * * * * Safflower... * * * * Sesame , Rape seed... * * - - Vegetables , Lettuce... 2, Head Cabbage... 1,947 * * * Etiopian Cabbage... * * - - Tomatoes... 25, Green peppers... 63, Red peppers , Swiss card... 5, Root Crops , Beetroot... * * - - Carrot... * * * * Onion... 21, Potatoes... 36, Garlic... 74, Taro/'Godere' Sweet potatoes... * * * * Fruit Crops... 45, Avocados... * * - - Bananas... 4,651 * * * Guavas... 16, * * Lemons... 17,332 * * * Mangoes... 2, Oranges... 6,817 * * * Papayas... 21, Pineapples... * * - - Cat... 16,030 * - - Coffee... 10,614 * - - Hops , Sugar Cane... * * - - Enset

23 Table 6 - Area, Production and Yield of Crops for Private Peasant Holdings for Meer Season 2009/2010 (2002 E.C) Afar Region Crop Number Area Production of olders in ectare in quintal yield (qt / a) Grain Crops ,345 6, , Cereals... 7,308 5, , Teff... 2,316 * * * Barley... * * - - Weat Maize... 6,507 3, , Sorgum... * , Finger millet Oats/'Aja' Rice Pulses * * Faba beans Field peas Haricot beans... * * * * Cick-peas... * * * * Lentils... * * - - Grass Peas Soya beans Fenugreek Gibto Oilseeds... * * * Neug... * * - - Linseed... * * - - Groundnuts... * * - - Safflower... * * * * Sesame... * * * * Rape seed Vegetables * * Lettuce Head Cabbage Etiopian Cabbage... * * * * Tomatoes... * * - - Green peppers... * * - - Red peppers * * * Swiss card Root Crops * * Beetroot Carrot Onion * * * Potatoes Garlic Taro/'Godere' Sweet potatoes... * * - - Fruit Crops... * * * * Avocados... * * - - Bananas... * * * * Guavas... * * - - Lemons... * * * * Mangoes... * * - - Oranges... * * - - Papayas * * * Pineapples Cat Coffee Hops Sugar Cane... * * - - Enset

24 Table 7 - Area, Production and Yield of Crops for Private Peasant Holdings for Meer Season 2009/2010 (2002 E.C) Amara Region Crop Number Area Production of olders in ectare in quintal yield (qt / a) Grain Crops ,523,891 3,997, ,105, Cereals... 3,491,338 2,986, ,301, Teff... 2,168,938 1,001, ,860, Barley... 1,533, , ,067, Weat... 1,668, , ,960, Maize... 1,983, , ,010, Sorgum , , ,922, Finger millet , , ,495, Oats/'Aja' ,043 8, , Rice... 64,092 34, * * Pulses... 2,248, , ,541, Faba beans.... 1,434, , ,602, Field peas , , ,060, Haricot beans ,227 51, , Cick-peas , , ,456, Lentils ,922 62, , Grass Peas ,492 85, ,288, Soya beans... * * * * Fenugreek ,773 14, , Gibto ,638 24, , Oilseeds... 1,204, , ,262, Neug ,889 75, , Linseed ,263 31, , Groundnuts... 19,522 * * * Safflower... 72,388 4, , Sesame , , ,296, Rape seed ,231 16, , Vegetables... 1,303,575 37, , Lettuce... 6,072 * - - Head Cabbage... 82, , Etiopian Cabbage ,927 1, , Tomatoes... 51, * * Green peppers ,472 2, , Red peppers ,043 32, , Swiss card... 27,752 * * Root Crops... 1,457,515 36, ,519, Beetroot... 41,115 * * * Carrot... 30, , Onion ,629 3, , Potatoes ,939 24, ,154, Garlic... 1,108,883 8, , Taro/'Godere'... * * - - Sweet potatoes... 21, , Fruit Crops ,260 2, , Avocados... 21,978 * * * Bananas... 59, , Guavas... 43, , Lemons... 49, , Mangoes... 42, , Oranges... 60, * * Papayas... 50,022 * * * Pineapples Cat ,869 6, , Coffee ,781 5, , Hops ,803 15, , Sugar Cane... 62,058 1, * * Enset... 4,

25 Table 8 - Area, Production and Yield of Crops for Private Peasant Holdings for Meer Season 2009/2010 (2002 E.C) Oromia Region Crop Number Area Production of olders in ectare in quintal yield (qt / a) Grain Crops ,859,822 5,348, ,712, Cereals... 4,756,109 4,466, ,538, Teff... 2,140,224 1,182, ,368, Barley... 1,602, , ,685, Weat... 1,844, , ,782, Maize... 2,978,603 1,000, ,255, Sorgum... 1,883, , ,656, Finger millet , , ,471, Oats/'Aja' ,800 14, , Rice... 42,075 8, , Pulses... 2,309, , ,474, Faba beans.... 1,271, , ,649, Field peas ,474 77, , Haricot beans , , ,559, Cick-peas ,918 79, ,141, Lentils ,931 34, , Grass Peas ,267 40, , Soya beans... 30,825 1, , Fenugreek ,067 6, , Gibto... * * - - Oilseeds... 1,071, , ,700, Neug , , , Linseed ,637 92, ,183, Groundnuts ,814 26, , Safflower... 10,945 * * * Sesame ,818 34, , Rape seed... 96,989 4, , Vegetables... 1,820,872 50, ,781, Lettuce... 17,723 * * * Head Cabbage ,459 1, * * Etiopian Cabbage... 1,044,828 11, , Tomatoes... 33,982 * * * Green peppers ,278 3, , Red peppers ,284 32, , Swiss card... 24, * * Root Crops... 1,990,656 91, ,250, Beetroot , , Carrot... 71,589 2, , Onion ,530 9, , Potatoes ,078 32, ,495, Garlic ,017 6, , Taro/'Godere' ,883 8, , Sweet potatoes ,217 31, ,322, Fruit Crops ,354 16, ,133, Avocados ,383 1, , Bananas ,797 8, , Guavas ,338 1, , Lemons... 24, , Mangoes ,960 3, , Oranges , , Papayas , , Pineapples... 2, Cat ,912 96, , Coffee... 1,139, , ,929, Hops ,362 5, , Sugar Cane ,877 10, ,305, Enset... 1,087, , ,021,

26 Table 9 - Area, Production and Yield of Crops for Private Peasant Holdings for Meer Season 2009/2010 (2002 E.C) Somali Region Crop Number Area Production of olders in ectare in quintal yield (qt / a) Grain Crops ,816 69, ,172, Cereals... 87,139 67, ,105, Teff Barley... 7,158 3, , Weat... 11,051 4, , Maize... 69,275 26, , Sorgum... 60,217 32, , Finger millet Oats/'Aja'... * * * * Rice Pulses... 6, , Faba beans Field peas Haricot beans... 4, * * Cick-peas... * * * * Lentils... * * - - Grass Peas Soya beans Fenugreek... * * - - Gibto Oilseeds... * * * Neug Linseed... * * - - Groundnuts... * * * * Safflower Sesame... * * * * Rape seed Vegetables... 6,177 * * Lettuce Head Cabbage Etiopian Cabbage Tomatoes... * * * * Green peppers... * * * * Red peppers... * * - - Swiss card Root Crops... 4,088 * * Beetroot Carrot Onion... * * * * Potatoes... * * * * Garlic... * * * * Taro/'Godere' Sweet potatoes... * * * * Fruit Crops... 4, * * Avocados Bananas... * * * * Guavas... * * * * Lemons... 1, , Mangoes... 1,253 * * * Oranges... 1,158 * * * Papayas... * * * * Pineapples Cat... 17,135 4, , Coffee... * * * * Hops Sugar Cane... * * * * Enset... * *

27 Table 10 - Area, Production and Yield of Crops for Private Peasant Holdings for Meer Season 2009/2010 (2002 E.C) Benisangul-Gumuz Region Crop Number Area Production of olders in ectare in quintal yield (qt / a) Grain Crops , , ,252, Cereals , , ,845, Teff... 35,022 18, , Barley... 5, , Weat... 6,368 * * * Maize ,843 35, , Sorgum ,885 59, ,327, Finger millet... 52,340 28, , Oats/'Aja'... 1, * * Rice... 3, , Pulses... 53,369 7, , Faba beans.... 6, , Field peas... 4, * * Haricot beans... 35,123 4, , Cick-peas... 3, , Lentils * * Grass Peas Soya beans... 10,069 1, , Fenugreek * * Gibto... * * * * Oilseeds... 89,703 32, , Neug... 31,588 10, , Linseed... 7,557 * * * Groundnuts... 29,786 6, , Safflower... 1, Sesame... 53,232 14, , Rape seed... * * * * Vegetables... 51,471 1, , Lettuce Head Cabbage... 2, , Etiopian Cabbage... 3, , Tomatoes... 6, * * Green peppers... 8, * * Red peppers... 38,939 1, , Swiss card Root Crops... 42, , Beetroot... 2, Carrot * * * Onion... 7, * * Potatoes... 5,698 * * * Garlic... 9, , Taro/'Godere'... 3, , Sweet potatoes... 27, , Fruit Crops... 59,334 1, , Avocados... 1, * * Bananas... 22, , Guavas... 5, Lemons... 6, , Mangoes... 43, , Oranges... 9, , Papayas... 15, , Pineapples... * * - - Cat... 12, * * Coffee... 21, , Hops... 12, , Sugar Cane... 3, , Enset