USDA ARS AQUACULTURE RESEARCH AND ASSESSMENT OF AQUATIC GENETIC RESOURCES

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1 Agricultural Research Service U.S. Department of Agriculture USDA ARS AQUACULTURE RESEARCH AND ASSESSMENT OF AQUATIC GENETIC RESOURCES Caird Rexroad Office of National Programs, Aquaculture National Program Leader US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service

2 Aquaculture Challenges Science and Technology Develop new aquatic animal health management tools Identify and culture new species already adapted to production environments Define nutrient requirements for new species that can be met with available and sustainable feed ingredients Improve genetics, management practices and production systems to enhance production efficiency, product quality, healthfulness, animal welfare and reduce impacts on environments

3 USDA ARS Priorities Role Presidential Initiatives Congress Work with stakeholders to identify constraints to improving production, production efficiency, product quality, healthfulness, sustainability and/or animal welfare that we have the resources to address Stakeholders Develop science based approaches that complement industry efforts and capacity for problem solving Conduct Research and Technology Transfer

4 ARS AQUACULTURE Mission: To conduct high quality, relevant, fundamental, and applied aquaculture research, to improve the systems for raising domesticated aquaculture species, and to transfer technology to enhance the productivity and efficiency of U.S. producers and the quality of seafood and other aquatic animal products. 18 projects 47 scientists Critical partnerships with ~40 funded collaborators 10 laboratory sites Budget: ~$28 Million Freshwater and Marine Systems

5 Program Components 1) Selective Breeding, Directed Reproduction, and Development of Genomic Tools 2) Nutrient Requirements and Alternative Sources of Protein and Lipid 3) Health of Aquatic Animals 4) Sustainable Production Systems 5) Product Quality and New Products Species Catfish and hybrids Striped bass and hybrids Rainbow trout Atlantic salmon Pacific oyster Eastern oyster Tilapia

6 GxExMxP Genetics domestication, selective breeding, chromosome set manipulation, monosex Environment production system, RAS, pond, raceway, water quality Management Practices biosecurity and animal health, stocking density, nutrition Post Harvest product quality, healthfulness Social factors Consumer Values, Economics, Marketing

7 2016 ARS Select Accomplishment Topics Catfish Salmonids Using genomics to improve disease resistance in rainbow trout A DNA-based tool for managing trout production Evaluation of algal sources of omega-3 fatty acids to replace fish oil in trout feeds New feed processing technology results in better water quality for fish farms Improving resistance to sea lice in Atlantic salmon Genetic diversity of Flavobacterium psychrophilum isolates from the United States determined by multilocus sequence typing Yersinia ruckeri lipopolysaccharide is necessary and sufficient for eliciting a protective immune response in rainbow trout Genome sequencing of Lactococcus garvieae strain PAQ , an outbreak strain identified from cultured rainbow trout in the northwestern United States Atlantic salmon can be raised to market weight in land-based systems using sustainable diets Sire strain affects blue channel catfish progeny performance in commercial settings Cryopreservation of catfish sperm Improving the diet of commercial catfish Development of cost-effective feeding strategies to maintain body weight of market-size hybrid catfish during harvest delays Evaluation of processing yield in catfish fed alternative protein sources Impact of grading hybrid catfish fingerlings on processing Molecular immune response of channel catfish following immunization with live Ichthyophthirius Developed in vitro methods to screen parasiticides against Ich Reproducible waterborne disease model for virulent Aeromonas hydrophila An oral vaccine for enteric septicemia of catfish increases profitability Improving the shelf life of fresh catfish fillets Where best to check for off-flavor in catfish fillets

8 2016 Select ARS Accomplishment Topics Oyster Using genetics to improve the eastern oyster for commercial production Models of burrowing shrimp population dynamics can be used to advance integrated pest management Tilapia Tilapia whole-body amino acid profile is a robust nutrient target for optimizing commercial diets Utilization of distiller s dried grains with solubles (DDGS) as a potential replacement for fish meal in tilapia diets Shrimp Insect meal is a viable protein ingredient for white shrimp diets Selective breeding in Nile tilapia for disease resistance Hybrid Striped Bass Fish meal in hybrid striped bass diets can be replaced with high-protein, low-antigen soy varieties Taurine supplementation is not needed to support growth of hybrid striped bass fed all-plant-protein diets

9 State of the worlds aquatic genetic resources for food and agriculture Thirteenth Regular Session, FAO Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture noted the need for a State of the World's Aquatic Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture Given our interests in aquaculture, genetics, genomics, and reproductive biology, Department of State requested that USDA take the lead in preparing the US Country Report Committee set up under the IWGA to answer survey Answers based on Federal Documents and members professional knowledge of AqGR

10 State of the Worlds Aquatic Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture Tools for improving the conservation, sustainable use and development of aquatic genetic resources for food and agriculture, at national and regional levels; identify threats to aquatic genetic resources, gaps in information about aquatic genetic resources and needs for the strengthening of national capacity to manage aquatic genetic resources effectively; inform the development of national policies, legislation, research and development, education, training and extension concerning the conservation, sustainable use and development of aquatic genetic resources for food and agriculture;

11 Country Reports 50 Survey Questions Chapter 1. The Use and Exchange of Aquatic Genetic Resources of Farmed Aquatic Species and their Wild Relatives within National Jurisdiction Chapter 2. Drivers and Trends in Aquaculture: Consequences for Aquatic Genetic Resources within National Jurisdiction Chapter 3. In Situ Conservation of Aquatic Genetic Resources of Farmed Aquatic Species and their wild Relatives within National Jurisdiction Chapter 4. Ex Situ Conservation of Aquatic Genetic Resources of Farmed Aquatic Species and their Wild Relatives within National Jurisdiction

12 Country Reports 50 Survey Questions continued Chapter 5. Stakeholders with Interests in Aquatic Genetic Resources of Farmed Aquatic Species and their Wild Relatives within National Jurisdiction Chapter 6. National Policies and Legislation for Aquatic Genetic Resources of Farmed Aquatic Species and their Wild Relatives within National Jurisdiction Chapter 7. Research, Education, Training and Extension on Aquatic Genetic Resources within National Jurisdiction: Coordination, Networking and Information Chapter 8. International Collaboration on Aquatic Genetic Resources of Farmed Aquatic Species and Their Wild Relatives

13 IWGA AqGR Committee Caird Rexroad, USDA ARS Gene Kim, USDA NIFA Kristen Gruenthal, NOAA Paul Zajicek, NAA Nathan Wilke, USFWS Harvey Blackburn, USDA ARS Eric Silberhorn, FDA Eric Landis, FDA Charles Brinkman, DOS

14 Approach Members attempted individual chapters Reviewed by committee for consensus answers Requested specific information from other colleagues Completed the DRAFT May 1 request for comments from stakeholders: Aquacontacts IWGA NAA NRSP8 ARS, NIFA, NOAA Final review and Agency clearance Submission by end of June 2017

15 Supporting Documentation Fourth Annual Report on Aquaculture and Policy in the United States of America for the 2016 United States-Japan Natural Resources Panel on Aquaculture (UJNR). Office of Aquaculture, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service. Fisheries of the United States 2015, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Census of Aquaculture 2013, Volume 3, Special Studies Part 2. U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agriculture Statistics Service. The U.S. Dietary Guidelines The National Aquaculture Association Aquaculture genomics, genetics and breeding in the United States: current status, challenges, and priorities for future research. BMC Genomics :191

16 Status ready to submit 100 page DRAFT 3 comments received to date Describes US freshwater and marine genetic resources related to food production Majority of questions answered Trade, exchange, domestic species farmed in other countries but not US. Aquaculture Trends Information on species specific broodstock technologies Major species in production Species with potential Conservation efforts Relevant legislation Interested stakeholders and communities Training and workforce development