Household options and limitations in marginal upland areas of Java

Transcription

1 Household options and limitations in marginal upland areas of Java Upland Market Offfarm job Marginal Area Symposium October 2003 Lowland Livestock Soil & Water Resources Labor exchange CASERD-JIRCAS Colative Study reported by Junko Goto

2 Indonesia since the late 1990s -the turbulent era of transition Rupiah crisis May end of the Soeharto regime ( ) 1999 East Timor crisis From B.J. Habibie to Abdurrahman Wahid (Gus Dur) (Oct. 99) Megawati Soekarnoputri as President (July 2001) El Nino drought rice shortage increased inequality and poverty difficult Road to -decentralization -democratization people s economy agribusiness development for small farmers

3 A Banana-based FSR project, Southern Cianjur Project to improve small farmer income and welfare by agriculture development P2RT: Pengembangan Pertanian Rakyat Terpadu SPAKU: Sentra Pengembangan Agribisnis Komoditas Unggulan SUP-Pisang (AIAT) Cropping Patterns- banana, feed grass, upland rice/ peanut/ soybean Soil Conservation- ridges + sheep manure Higher Yielding Varieties + Livestock (sheep) -CASER-JIRCAS socio-economic follow-up survey

4 Map of West Java location of case study area Jakarta case study area

5 a truck carrying sheep (region s main road) モスクは集落の要 upland fields a mosque a relatively wealthy villager s house (motorbike PPL) water buffalos children taking care of sheep, going home (village road)

6 Land assets & livestock Average size of farm operation, 0.92ha 0.20ha lowland, 0.72 ha upland -owned: 81% lowland, 85% upland -average # plots: 1.35 lowland; 2.06 upland Most farm households have sheep (4.3 head/farm) and chicken (7.1 head/farm) Only, a few farm households have a buffalo. (Water buffalos hired for land tilling.)

7 A farmer house and farmland location (an example ) village road Lowland 0.08ha (2 pt) Upland 0.12 ha (3 pt) Village office Upland 0.30 ha (7.5 pt) 1 km 1 km House Sheep, chicken Parents with two children

8 Labor input -- lowland Farm Labor Input HOK non non non non non non- land preparation planting weeding fertilizing pest & disease control harvest Labor input -- upland HOK non non non non non non land preparation planting weeding fertilizing pest & disease control harvest

9 Farm output major crops Crop production summary 30,000, ,000, Rupiah 20,000,000 15,000,000 10,000, Rate of commercialization 5,000, banana chili palm sugar clove petai cassava maize jengkol peanut coconu t soybea n lowland rice 系列 2 20,562,711,255,07,228,005,205,502,275,001,945,501,840,05974,500 1,113,001,415,60494,750 28,360,05,555,50 系列 upland rice 0.0

10 oupuotalfrmtascatter diagram by farm types t t farm basic type progressive farmer subsistent barely subsistent parttime farmer with remittance total farm input

11 How to improve small farmer income? -- Household options: niches in the local economy -- local non-farm jobs TKW (Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, JKT, ) nonag income part-time D better-off with E remittances Market multiple-job holder C-1 starter farmer C-2 generous employer C-3 Subsistent progressive B successful profit-maker A agricultural income

12 Reasons of dissatisfaction with own farming system Frequently cited reasons (51 respondents) The num bers below correspond with choices in F orm C, Q uestion 2. 6) prices of fertilizers, chem icals, seeds, keep rising 4) poor harvest because of pest and diseases 7) prices of farm product low 2) lack of w ater sources for farm use 1) rainfall inadequate, etc. 8) poor infrastructure for m arketing (road) 5) lack of farm for peak seasons 3) soil conditions not favorable 9) lack of m iddlem en for m arketing 90 % farmers, not satisfied with own farming system

13 How to balance between: subsistence vs market-oriented farming farming vs off-farm income generation income generation vs natural resource conservation (soil & water, forestry resources) Thank you very much for your attention