RESULTS FOR THE 2017/2018 SEASON MAIZE CULTIVAR EVALUATION

Transcription

1 RESULTS FOR THE 2017/2018 SEASON MAIZE CULTIVAR EVALUATION By Zira Mavunganidze, Dirk Bruwer, Deon Du Toit, Theodora Mathobisa and Thinus Prinsloo (ARC-Grain Crops, Potchefstroom) LNR GRANGEWASSE.1... ARC GRAIN CROPS

2 Maize (Zea mays L.) is the most important grain crop in South Africa and is produced throughout the country under different environments. Successful maize production depends on various factors; among these is the correct choice of cultivar. Cultivar selection is one of the critical decisions that a producer must make each season. Getting maize variety choice wrong for any particular region can be costly regarding missed opportunity to produce the maximum yield from the crop. The Agricultural Research Council Grain Crops (ARC- GC) with financial support from the Maize Trust offers an independent evaluation of cultivars, from different seed companies, in an attempt to assist producers to make the right choices regarding cultivars. Trials were established in five agroecological regions namely Water Tables (Region 1), West (Region 2), Temperate Eastern Region (Region 3), Cold Eastern Region (Region 4) and KwaZulu- Natal (Region 5) in collaboration with seed companies. All the trials were laid out in complete randomised designs and replicated three times. Seventy-one medium and long seasonal cultivars were planted in the western and eastern regions of the production regions. In the water table region, 33 cultivars were planted, in the western region 40 cultivars, in the temperate eastern region 49 cultivars, the cold eastern region 45 cultivars and 43 cultivars in the KwaZulu-Natal region. Twenty-four cultivars consisting of short and ultra-short seasonal growers were planted under irrigation in the western and eastern production areas. This report includes data on old and new varieties added in the 2017/2018 season, allowing comparison to those already established in the market. It enables farmers to make variety choice with consideration to location so that the potential of the crop can be maximised while also minimising any environmental impact. Data presented in tables shows the performance of different cultivars during the 2017/2018 season. However, cultivar recommendation cannot be made with one season data. Multi-season data, which can enable one to shortlist suitable varieties for any particular farm, can be obtained from ARC in multi-season data reports. Tables 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 and 13 illustrate results of statistical yield data obtained from various growth conditions, which give a good indication of the potential of each cultivar. The results provided in this report are for sites with =/< 20% coefficient of variation (CV). The yield probabilities and agronomic traits are shown in Tables 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14. The yield probability of a cultivar is the chance to get an above average yield compared to the average of all tested cultivars at a particular yield potential. For instance, if the yield probability of a cultivar, at a particular yield potential equals 70%, the chance to get a yield above the mean of all cultivars is seven out of ten with a three out of ten chance of obtaining a yield below the mean. RESULTATE VIR DIE 2017/2018 SEISOEN MIELIES KULTIVAR EVALUERING Deur Zira Mavunganidze, Dirk Bruwer, Deon Du Toit, Theodora Mathobisa en Thinus Prinsloo (LNR-GG) Mielies (Zea mays (L.)) is die mees belangrikste graangewas in Suid Afrika en word geproduseer oor die hele land onder verskillende omgewingstoestande. Suksesvolle mielieproduksie hang af van verskillende faktore en een hiervan is die korrekte seleksie van n kultivar. Kultivar seleksie is een van die kritiese keuses wat n produsent moet maak elke seisoen. Om n verkeerde besluit te maak met kultivarkeuse vir n spesifieke streek kan baie duur wees vanweë verlore kanse om die maksimum opbrengs van die gewas te produseer. Die Landbounavorsingsraad Graan Gewasse (GG) bied n onafhanklike evaluasie diens van kultivars van verskillende saadmaatskappye aan alle belanghebbendes om te verseker dat produsente die regte keuse maak met kultivars. Proewe was gedoen in vyf agro-ekologiese streke naamlik, LNR GRANGEWASSE.2... ARC GRAIN CROPS

3 Watertafels (Streek 1), Weste (Streek 2), Gematigde ooste (Streek 3), Koue ooste (Streek 4) en KwaZulu Nata (Streek 5). Alle proewe is uiteengelê as geheel gerandomiseerd met drie herhalings. Een en sewentig medium en lang seisoenale kultivars is geplant in die westelike en oostelike produksie areas. In die watertafel streek is 33 kultivars geplant, in die westelike streek 40 kultivars, in die gematigde oostelike streek 49 kultivars, in die koue oostelike streek 45 kultivars en 43 kultivars in die KwaZulu-Natal streek. Vier en Twintig kultivars bestaande uit kort en ultra-kort seisoenale groeiers is onder besproeiing geplant in beide die westelike en oostelike gebiede Die verslag sluit in resultate van die nuwe kultivars wat bygevoeg is in die 2017/2018 seisoen wat vergelyking tussen nuwe en reeds bestaande kultivars in die mark bewerkstellig. Dit gee produsente die keuse van geskikte kuitivars met inagneming van lokaliteit sodat die potensiaal van die gewas gemaksimaliseer word maar ook om die impak van omgewingstoestande te minimaliseer. Resultate in tabelle dui aan die prestasie van verskillende kultivars gedurende die 2017/2018 seisoen. Goeie kultivarkeuses kan nie gedoen word met n enkel seisoen se resultate nie. Multiseisoenale resultate kan n produsent in staat stel om n kortlys op te stel van geskikte kultivars end it kan verkry word van die LNR in multi-seisoenale verslae. Tabelle 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 en 13 illustreer resultate van statistiese opbrengsdata wat verkry is van verskeie groeikondisiesresultate wat n goeie aanduiding gee van die potensiaal van elke kultivar. Die resultate in die verslag is vir lokaliteiete met koeffisient van variasie (KV) =/< 20%. Die opbrengsmoontlikheid en agronomiese eienskappe word weergegee in Tabelle 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 en 14. Die opbrengsmoontlikheid van n kultivar is die kans om n opbrengs bo die gemiddeld van alle getoetste kultivars te behaal by n spesifieke opbrengspotensiaal. Byvoorbeeld, as die opbrengsmoontlikheid van n kultivar by n spesifieke opbrengspotensiaal gelyk is aan 70% beteken dit dat die kultivar n sewe uit tien kans het om n opbrengs hoër as die gemiddeld van al die ander kultivars te behaal en n drie uit tien kans om n laer opbrengs te behaal. LNR GRANGEWASSE.3... ARC GRAIN CROPS

4 Tabel 1: Mielie-opbrengs (t/ha) vir die 2017/2018-seisoen op watertafelgronde (Streek 1) Table 1: Maize yield (t/ha) for the 2017/2018 season: (Watertable - Region 1) (1)= LNR; (2)= Pannar; (3)= Monsanto; (4)= Pioneer; (5)= Agricol; (6)= Linkseed LNR GRANGEWASSE.4... ARC GRAIN CROPS

5 Tabel 2: Opbrengswaarskynlikheid (%) bo y=x lyn en opsomming van alle agronomiese eienskappevir 2017/2018-seisoen (Watertafels Streek 1) Table 2: Probability (%) above y = x line and summary of all agronomic characteristics for the 2017/2018 season: (Watertable - Region 1) LNR GRANGEWASSE.5... ARC GRAIN CROPS

6 Tabel 3: Mielie-opbrengs (t/ha) vir die weste in 2017/2018-seisoen (Wesstreek 2) Table 3: Maize yield (t/ha) for the west in 2017/2018 season: (Western Region 2) (1)= LNR; (2)= Pannar; (3)= Monsanto, (4)= Pioneer; (5)= Agricol; (6)= Linkseed; (7)= Klein karoo LNR GRANGEWASSE.6... ARC GRAIN CROPS

7 Tabel 4: Opbrengswaarskynlikheid (%) bo y=x lyn en opsomming van alle agronomiese eienskappe vir 2017/2018-seisoen (Wesstreek 2) Table 4: Probability (%) above y = x line and summary of all agronomic characteristics for the 2017/2018 season (Western region 2) LNR GRANGEWASSE.7... ARC GRAIN CROPS

8 Tabel 5: Mielie-opbrengs (t/ha) vir die 2017/2018-seisoen vir die gematigde oosstreek (Streek 3) Table 5: Maize yield (t/ha) for the 2017/2018 season for the temperate east region (Region 3) (1)= LNR; (2)= Pannar; (3)= Monsanto, (4)= Pioneer; (5)=Agricol; (6)=Linkseed; (7)-Klein karoo; (8)=Seedco LNR GRANGEWASSE.8... ARC GRAIN CROPS

9 Tabel 6: Opbrengswaarskynlikheid (%) bo y=x lyn en opsomming van alle agronomiese eienskappe vir 2017/2018 seisoen (Gematigde ooste streek 3) Table 6: Probability (%) above y = x line and summary of all agronomic characteristics for the 2017/2018 season (Temperate region 3) LNR GRANGEWASSE.9... ARC GRAIN CROPS

10 Tabel 7: Mielie-opbrengs (t/ha) vir die 2017/2018-seisoen vir die koue oosstreek (Streek 4) Table 7: Maize yield (t/ha) for the 2017/2018 season for the cold east region (Region 4) (1)= LNR; (2)= Pannar; (3)= Monsanto; (4)= Pioneer; (5)= Agricol; (6)= Linkseed; (7)= Klein karoo; (8)= Seedco; (9)= DAEA LNR GRANGEWASSE ARC GRAIN CROPS

11 Tabel 8: Opbrengswaarskynlikheid (%) bo y=x lyn en opsomming van alle agronomiese eienskappe vir 2017/2018 seisoen (Koue oosstreek 4) Table 8: Probability (%) above y = x line and summary of all agronomic characteristics for the 2017/2018 season (Cold East region 4) LNR GRANGEWASSE ARC GRAIN CROPS

12 Tabel 9: Mielie-opbrengs (t/ha) vir die 2017/2018-seisoen: KZN (Streek 5) Table 9: Maize yield (t/ha) for the 2017/2018 season: KZN (Region 5) (1)= LNR; (2)= Pannar; (3)= Monsanto, (4)= Pioneer; (5)= Agricol; (6)= Linkseed; (7)= Klein karoo; (8)= Seedco; (9)= DAEA LNR GRANGEWASSE ARC GRAIN CROPS

13 Tabel 10: Opbrengswaarskynlikheid (%) bo y=x lyn en opsomming van alle agronomiese eienskappevir 2017/2018-seisoen: (KZN Streek 5) Table 10: Probability (%) above y = x line and summary of all agronomic characteristics for the 2017/2018 season (KZN region 5) LNR GRANGEWASSE ARC GRAIN CROPS

14 Tabel 11: Mielie-opbrengs (t/ha) vir die 2017/2018-seisoen: Kort groeiers Table 11: Maize yield (t/ha) for the 2017/2018 season: Short growers (1)= LNR; (2)= Pannar; (3)= Monsanto, (4)= Pioneer; (5)= Agricol; (6)= Linkseed; (7)= Klein karoo LNR GRANGEWASSE ARC GRAIN CROPS

15 Tabel 12: Opbrengswaarskynlikheid (%) bo y=x lyn en opsomming van alle agronomiese eienskappe vir 2017/2018-seisoen: Kortgroeiers Table 12: Probability (%) above y = x line and summary of all agronomic characteristics for the 2017/2018: Short growers LNR GRANGEWASSE ARC GRAIN CROPS