IMPACT OF FØDEVARE- OG LANDBRUGSPAKKEN FOR FUTURE DANISH WHEAT PRODUCTION

Transcription

1 IMPACT OF FØDEVARE- OG LANDBRUGSPAKKEN FOR FUTURE DANISH WHEAT PRODUCTION Lars Bonde Eriksen Senior Specialist, Crop Innovation Cereal Network - Annual Meeting 2017

2 WINTER WHEAT PRODUCTION AFTER LANDBRUGSPAKKEN Yield and protein content from 1990 to 2016 Landbrugspakken Back to economically optimal nitrogen rates Reduction in nitrogen leaching 2021 Economically optimal nitrogen rates Economic impact of Landbrugspakken Yield and protein content and quality 2..

3 WHEAT YIELDS IN DENMARK N quota reduced 10% 1994 N quota : ca. 0 kg per ha per year Yield (hkg/ha) Danmarks Statistik : +100 kg per ha per year Year

4 WHEAT YIELDS IN DENMARK Yield (hkg/ha) Wheat Dkr/hkg Danmarks Statistik Wheat farm sale price Year 80 60

5 PROTEIN CONTENT, FEED WHEAT 13,0 12,0 Reduction in protein content : 2,5 % point Protein (% DM) 11,0 10,0 9, , Year SEGES Videncenter for Svineproduktion

6 Nitrogen quota (kg/ha) 6.. NITROGEN QUOTA IN DENMARK Winter wheat on sandy loam (JB5-6) % % Harvest year +25% Economic optimal rate

7 Reduction required for 2021, kg N per ha Leaching from the root zone (3.800 t) None 7..

8 HOW TO REACH THIS REDUCTION? PROVIDED IT IS DONE ON THE FIELD Method Required reduction in N leaching from the root zone, kg/ha >6 Effort needed to reach reduction Unit Reduction nitrogen quota kg /ha Area with catch crops % Set aside land % Agricultural area affected %

9 NITROGEN FOR WINTER WHEAT, 22 TRIALS Yield Yield, hkg/ha kg N 211 kg N Protein, % dm Net yield corr. for protein Net yield Protein Nitrogen applied, hkg/ha 6 Oversigt over Landsforsøgene 2016, s. 205

10 THE N QUOTA IS OPTIMAL IN A SITUATION WITH: Normal yield for the soil type Soil mineral N as in the trials No residual effect of manure No residual effect of precrop No residual effect of catch crops Protein value is corrected with 75 % of actual value 10..

11 VALUE OF WHEAT PROTEIN FOR PIG FEED Soya, Dkr. per hkg Wheat, Dkr per hkg ,9 2,5 2, ,5 3,1 2, ,2 3,7 3,3 Niels Morten Sloth, SEGES Dkr. per percentage point protein per hkg wheat 11..

12 WHAT IS THE IMPACT OF INCREASED N RATES? BASED ON TRIALS IN WINTER WHEAT AND Dkr No. of trials quota, kg N per ha quota, kg N per ha Yield 2015-quota, hkg per ha 87,5 77,2 Yield 2017-quota, hkg per ha 92,2 81,0 Yield increase, hkg per ha 4,7 3, Protein 2015-quota, percent 9,6 9,7 Protein 2017-quota, percent 10,4 10,5 Increase in protein content 0,8 0, Net yield: +287

13 13.. Yield, hkg per ha 100,0 90,0 80,0 70,0 60,0 50,0 40,0 30,0 20,0 10,0 0,0 First year and long-term effect of reducing nitrogen level 1 year effect Long term effect The yield loss is often underestimated because one year trials are used for calculations of loss Kg Nitrogen per ha

14 PROTEIN QUALITY Amino acid Barley Wheat Lysin Treonin Methionin Tryptofan Isoleucin Leucin Valin Histidin Fenylalanin Essential amino acids in wheat and barley protein, relative to the ideal protein for pigs Boisen, 2002

15 PROTEIN QUALITY IN WHEAT Protein (abs units) Data from Wieser, 1998 Metab. Protein Storage protein y = x R 2 = 0.91 y = 1.83x R 2 = Protein (% dm) Low cont. of ess. amino acids High cont. of ess. amino acids Seed coat Endosperm Germ Storage protein, low cont. ess. amino acids Metabolic protein, high cont. of ess. amino acids

16 Lysine (g/100g protein) Lysine (% of grain) 16.. PROTEIN QUALITY IN WHEAT Trials with application of kg N per ha (Ny Udbyttefremgang 2015) 3,6 3,4 3,2 3,0 2,8 2,6 2,4 2,2 2, ,34 0,32 0,30 0,28 0,26 0,24 0,22 0,20 Protein (% dm) Protein (% dm) The most important ess. amino acids are easily supplemented by synthetic amino acids The effect of higher protein content on protein quality is taken into account when calculating protein value 1 percentage point increase in protein content in feed cereals, leads to a reduction in the need for imported soya of approx tonne per year (400 mill. Dkr)

17 Protein (%) YIELD AND PROTEIN CONTENT IN WHEAT CULTIVARS 11,0 10,0 9,0 8,0 7,0 120 Kg N/Ha 60 Kg N/Ha 180 Kg N/Ha Can cultivars deviate significantly from this regression? , Yield (Hkg/ha)

18 Yield* (hkg/ha) YIELDS OF WIDELY GROWN WHEAT CULTIVARS BASED ON CULTIVAR TRIALS VARIETIES TESTED IN 3 YEARS OR LONGER Yield increase 1 hkg per year Ritmo Haven Hussar Pepital Kris Ambition Smuggler Tuareg Hereford Mariboss Oakley JB Asano First year in trial *Adjusted using LSMEANS. Bold = DK bread list Tommi Torp Benchmark KWS Dacanto Creator Genius Pistoria

19 Percentage point 0,9 0,8 0,7 0,6 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,1 0,0-0,1-0,2-0,3-0,4 Deviation from regresion of protein on yield Values outside shaded area differ significantly from 0 *Bread wheat list 19..

20 SUMMARY Nitrogen rates in 2017 are back on the economically optimal level, for the first time in 20 years By 2021 leaching from the root zone have to be reduced by tonne Adjusting the nitrogen rate to local conditions, becomes more important Wheat yields will increase, eventually by 5-6 hkg/ha) Wheat quality for feed and food will improve Savings on feed costs Better export opportunities 20..