FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

Transcription

1 MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT CENTRE PROJECT OFFICE Feasibility Study Report PROJECT TITLE VIETNAM IRRIGATED AGRICULTURAL IMPROVEMENT PROJECT () STAGE: FEASIBILITY STUDY FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT VIETNAM ACADEMY FOR WATER RESOURCES 171 Tay Son Dong Da - Hanoi Hanoi, September

2 ISSUED AND EDITED VERSION Issued version Prepared by Time Description Draft 4/2013 Prepared and edited according to the comments of World Bank Mission 1 st edition 7/2013 Edited according to the comments of World Bank Mission on April 2013 conducted by donor, MARD, ad CPO 2 nd edition 9/2013 Edited according to the comments of pre-appraisal mission of the project conducted on July 2013 by MARD and CPO 2

3 Abbreviation AAA Analytical and Advisory Assistance MIS Management Information System CAB Commune Agricultural Board MOF Ministry of Finance Ministry of Natural Resources and CPS Country Partnership Strategy MONRE Environment CPO Central Project Office MPI Ministry of Planning and Investment CPMU Center Project Management Unit NCB National Competitive Bidding CSA Climate Smart Agriculture NGO Non-Government Organization DARD (Provincial) Department of Agriculture and Rural Development O&M Operation and Maintenance DSU Dam Safety Unit OP/BP Operational Policy/Bank Procedure DWR Department of Water Resources (MARD) OPRC EAP Environmental Action Plan PISC Operational Procurement Review Committee Project Implementation Steering Committee EIA Environment Impact Assessment PIM Participatory Irrigation Management EMDP Ethnic Minority Development Plan PPMU Provincial Project Management Unit EVN Electricity of Vietnam PPC Provincial Peoples Committee FAO Food & Agriculture Organization PRSP Poverty Reduction Support Project GOV Government of Vietnam PSW Procurement of Small Works Quality and Cost Based Consultant ha Hectare QCBS Selection Vietnam Irrigated Agriculture Improvement Project RAP Rapid Appraisal Process IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development SBV State Bank of Vietnam ICB International Competitive Bidding SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition ICOLD International Commission on Large Dams SOE Statement of Expenses IDA International Development Agency SRI System of Rice Intensification IDMC Irrigation and Drainage Management Company VAWR Vietnam Academy of Water Resources IMT Irrigation Management Transfer VND Vietnamese dollar IPF Investment Project Financing TA Technical Assistance ISF Irrigation Service Fee VIB Village Irrigation Boards IWREM MARD Institute of Water Resources Economics and Management VWRAP Vietnam Water Resources Assistance Project Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development WUA Water User Association Currency Equivalents: Currency unit: VND = 1 USD 3

4 LIST OF TABLE Table 1: Estimated impacts of climate change on agriculture in project provinces Table 2 : Some indicators of the allocation service of the system (highest score is 4) Table 3: Fundamental indicator of dams and reservoirs of the sub-projects Table 4 : Irrigation and drainage demand in 2011 and estimation to 2020 for the project provinces Table 5: Some other indicators of RAP Table 6: Criteria for the assessment results of the project positive impacts Table 7 : Economic conditions of project provinces in Table 9 : Population of project provinces in Table 10 : Average income per capita at current price (Thousand VND) Table 11 : Sub-projects implementing in Phase Table 12 : List of sub-projects under the Table 13: Information of reservoirs in Table 14: Total cost for the La Nga and Truc Kinh headwork Table 15: Implementation plan for dam safety enhancement Table 16 : Statistics Dashboard of the number of SCADA systems of Sub projects Table 17: Total budget of Component 1... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 18: Estimated land reclamation for Sub-project 9 Quang Nam Province Table 19: Estimated land reclamation for sub-project 8 Quang Tri Province Table 20 : Estimated land reclamation for Sub-project 7 Ha Tinh Province Table 21 : Summary of social impacts of sub-project 7 Ha Tinh Province Table 22: Estimated land reclamation for Sub-project 6 Thanh Hoa Province Table 23: Estimated land reclamation for Sub-project 3 Phu Tho Province Table 24: Estimated land reclamation for Sub-project 4 Hoa Binh Province Table 25: Estimated land reclamation for Sub-project 5 Hoa Binh Province Table 26: Estimated land reclamation for Sub-project 1 Ha Giang Province Table 27: Estimated land reclamation for Sub-project 2 Ha Giang Province Table 28 Summary of tasks and Design criteria of subprojects Table 29: Summary table of sub-project in 7 provinces under Table 30 : Total length of canal under sub-projects Table 31 : Summary of estimated CSA system developed in project provinces Table 32: Budget for project implementation activities at provincial level (USD) Table 33: Total investment of sub-projects in Phase Table 34: Reimbursement plan of WB Loan in 6 year Table 35: Reimbursement plan of State counter budget in 6 years Table 36: Project cost benefit and other economic and financial criteria Table 37 : Estimate of project impact Table 38 :Bidding methods, and Prior review thresholds, USD Table 39: Investment capital allocation of the Project

5 Table 41 : Summary of total investment for 7 provinces Table 44: Total fund of World Bank for each year of project Table 45 : Total Counter budget for each year of project LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 : Structure of component s capital Figure 2 : Structure of investment sources Figure 3 : Project provinces Figure 4: Poverty situation (left) and vulnerability to natural disasters (right) Figure 5 : Location of Project provinces Figure 6 : Structure of turbine pump Figure 7 : Project implementation plan Figure 8 : Master plan of project implementation Figure 9 : Implementation plan for the first year Figure 10 : Diagram of project management model Figure 11 : Proposed disbursement process diagram for Project VIAI Figure 12 : Cycle of payment to contractors / suppliers from the dedicated account of the project

6 TABLE OF CONTENT LIST OF TABLE... 4 LIST OF FIGURES... 5 TABLE OF CONTENT... 6 OVERVIEW PROJECT OVERVIEW Project name Donors Project responsible agency Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Executive agency: People Committee of Quang Nam Province People Committee of Quang Tri Province People Committee of Ha Tinh province People Committee of Thanh Hoa Province People Committee of Hoa Binh Province People Committee of Phu Tho Province People Committee of Ha Giang Province Estimated implementation time Project areas Total project budget PROJECT CONTEXT AND RATIONALE Project rationale and contributions to the national socio-economic development strategies, plan, sectorial regional - local development planning Macroeconomic environment and development policies of the country Project conditions and rationale Market: Demand Supply analysis Project conditions and rationales Relations to other projects to supplement and address the relevant issues of the project Other investment projects and implemented measures Projects have direct link to the The necessity for the investment of the project Current status of the systems Safety situation of head reservoirs Field survey and community consultation Opportunities to modernize the irrigation system The issues focused of the project The necessity for investment RATIONALE OF THE BANK The appropriateness of project objectives with donors policies and priorities

7 3.2 Reasons for selection and donor s advantages The binding conditions prescribed by the donor and the ability to meet the conditions of the Vietnamese side Project rationale Basic issues on irrigation and drainage of project provinces Relevant legal documents Relevant laws, standards, and norms PROJECT OBJECTIVES The overall objective of the project The specific objectives of the project PROJECT DESCRIPTION: DESIGN, RESOURCES, AND OUTCOMES Overall Description Project scale Investment scale analysis Investment approaches Project scale and components Inter-relations among the project components Geographical location of the project area Technologies and techniques Report on Dam Safety Project s general description for dam safety World Bank s Safeguard Policy on the Safety of Dams Project safeguard policy of dam applied for Dam safety activities of the Project Summary of costs Organization and implementation Description of Component 1: Improved Irrigation Water Management Objectives and expected outputs Estimated content of project components Scope for project component implementation Component structure Main activities Implementation scope and specific products Implementation framework for Component Description of Component 2: Irrigation and drainage scheme level improvements Phu Ninh - Khe Tan irrigation and drainage scheme in Quang Nam province Medium scale irrigation and drainage schemes in Quang Tri province (Subproject 8) Ha Tinh province: Ke Go and Rac River irrigation and drainage scheme (subproject 7) South Ma irrigation and drainage scheme in Thanh Hoa province (sub-project 6) Tam Nong and Thanh Thuy irrigation and drainage schemes in Phu Tho Province (sub-project 3) Small scale irrigation and drainage schemes in Hoa Binh province (sub-project 4) 7

8 Medium scale irrigation and drainage schemes in Hoa Binh Province (Subproject 5) Small scale irrigation and village ponds in Ha Giang Province (sub-project 1) Ha Giang Province: Multi purpose village ponds scheme (Sub-project 2) Develop field models and on-farm irrigation system for climate smart agricultural production Training and capacity building Description of Component 3: Support Services for Climate Smart Agricultural Practices Description Training and capacity building Description of Component 4: Project Management, Monitoring and Evaluation (Estimated cost: US$ 7 million) Technical Assistance for Project Implementation Management and M&E Support for capacity building and training Incremental Operating Cost: BENEFICIARIES Direct beneficiaries Indirect beneficiaries PROJECT OUTCOMES SOLUTIONS FOR PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION General plan for land acquisition and compensation The requirements for construction design Plan on exploitation and use the project results Project operation and management Hand - over procedure PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION, MONITOR, AND EVALUATION PLAN Prior actions implementation plan Master plan, detailed plan for the subprojects in the first year Action Plan for the first year Action plan for each project component Action plan for Component Action plan for Component Action Plan for Component Action Plan for Component Monitoring and evaluation PROJECT IMPACT ASSESSMENT Economic-financial and social benefits Efficiency of socio-economic Social benefits

9 Social and environmental assessment Risks and sustainability of the project Mechanism to monitor and evaluate the project's impact PROJECT MANAGEMENT and IMPLEMENTATION roject implementation management methods Overview of the working mechanism and the relationship between the agencies Estimated capacity on project organization, management, and implementation Financial management Prepare the financial plan Accounting, financial statement, and auditing implementation Bidding Management Bidding Procedures Bidding methods Manage and preliminary bidding plan Preliminary plan packages TOTAL PROJECT BUDGET Project financial resources Types and methods of mobilizing financial resources ODA Counter budget Specific budget of the project Total investment Application of unit price and rate Total investment Capital structure and Financial plan Capital source Financial plan Current capital, O&M expenditure, and financial mechanism NATIONAL FINANCIAL MECHANISM OF THE PROJECT World Bank loan (180 million USD): Counter budget (30 million USD): Implemented activites in advanced MONITORING AND EVALUATION FRAMEWORK (ANNEX H) TOTAL AREA OF THE PROJECT CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

10 ANNEXES The following annexes are considered as a part of the report Order Name of annexes Content 1 Annex A Detailed project budget 2 Annex B Project implementation, monitor and evaluation plan 3 Annex C Description of Component 1 4 Annex D Description of Component 3 5 Annex E Advance technology application in hydraulic work design 6 Annex F Procurement and bidding plan 7 Annex G Project finance economic analysis 8 Annex H Result Framework 9 Annex K Report on WUAs Strengthen and irrigation management transfer 10 Annex M Development of field model and on-farm irrigation system to complete the irrigation system from head work to field surface and towards the climate smart agriculture 11 Annex N Training plan 10

11 OVERVIEW This report was prepared upon the request of the consulting service contract package No. 02/HD-CPO-: "Synthesis and prepare the feasibility study report for project and support, update, and complete the investment process for sub-projects" dated December 01, 2012 between the Central Project Office and This report is the result of the contract and is the main report of the feasibility study (FS) on Vietnam Irrigated Agricultural Improvement Project (). This report is the synthesis of technical reports of sub-projects recommended by project provinces and specific reports, including: 1. Study Report for the Component: Improved Irrigation Water Management (Component 1)., Study Report for the Component: Support Services for Climate Smart Agricultural Practices (Component 3). Northern mountainous Agriculture and Forestry Science Institute (NOMAFSI), Vietnam Academy for Agriculture Science, Report on Social Impact Assessment (SIA), Report on Gender analysis and Gender Action Plan, Report on Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) and Ethnic Minority Development Framework (EMDF). Vietnam agriculture design planning Institute, Regional Environmental Assessment Report (REA) and Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF)., Environmental Impact Assessment Reports (EIAs) and Environmental Management Plans (EMPs) for sub-projects., This report has been prepared in accordance with the template report of General guideline on formulating feasibility study report for project using official development assistance (ODA) of 5 Bank Group (Asia Development Bank ADB, French Development Agency AFD, Japan Bank for International Cooperation JBIC, German Development Bank KFW, World Bank WB), issued by the Decision No. 48/2008/QD-TTg dated April 3, 008 of the Prime Minister of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. In addition, the report is edited according to the guideline provided in the Decree 38/2013/ND-CP dated 23 April 2013 on the management and utilization of official development assistance (ODA) and preferred loan of donors. 11

12 1. PROJECT OVERVIEW 1.1 Project name a. Vietnamese: Dự án Cải thiện nông nghiệp có tưới (WB7) b. English: () 1.2 Donors The World Bank (WB) 1.3 Project responsible agency Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development a. Address: No. 2, Ngoc Ha, Ba Dinh, Ha Noi, Viet Nam b. Tel.: (04) c. Fax: (04) Executive agency: People Committee of Quang Nam Province - Address: 62 Hung Vuong, Tam Ky city, Quang Nam. - Tel./ Fax: / People Committee of Quang Tri Province - Address: 45 Hung Vuong, Dong Ha city, Quang Tri province - Tel./Fax: / People Committee of Ha Tinh province - Address: 19 Nguyen Tat Thanh, Ha Tinh city, Ha Tinh - Tel./Fax: / People Committee of Thanh Hoa Province - Address: 35 Le Loi, Than Hoa city, Thanh Hoa - Tel./Fax: / People Committee of Hoa Binh Province - Address: No. 8 An Duong Vuong, Hoa Binh city, Hoa Binh - Tel./Fax: / People Committee of Phu Tho Province - Address: Tran Phu Road, Viet Tri city, Phu Tho - Tel./Fax: /

13 People Committee of Ha Giang Province - Address: No222, Nguyen Trai, Ha Giang, - Tel./Fax: Project owner: Central Project Office a. Address: 23 Hang Tre, Hoan Kiem, Vietnam b. Tel.: (04) c. Fax: (04) Estimated implementation time Estimated start and end time of the project: - Estimated duration of the project is 6 years ( ) - Starting time is from February Ending time in 2020 (it is estimated to complete in January 2020) 1.7 Project areas The will be implemented in the territory of seven (07) Northern mountainous and Central coastal provinces namely Ha Giang, Phu Tho, Hoa Binh, Thanh Hoa, Ha Tinh, Quang Tri, and Quang Nam, of which: - Ha Giang Province includes the districts of Bac Quang, Quang Binh, Vi Xuyen, Quang Ba, Yen Minh, Dong Van, and Meo Vac; - Phu Tho Province includes the districts of Tam Nong, Thanh Thuy - Hoa Binh Province includes the districts of Lac Thuy, Kim Boi, Luong Son, Lac Son, Tan Lac, Yen Thuy, Cao Phong, and Mai Chau; - Thanh Hoa Province includes the districts of Yen Dinh, Thieu Hoa; - Ha Tinh Province includes the districts of Thach Ha, Cam Xuyen, Ky Anh, and Ha Tinh City; - Quang Tri Province includes the districts of Vinh Linh, Gio Linh, Cam Lo, and Dong Ha city; - Quang Nam Province includes the districts of Phu Ninh, Thang Binh, Que Son, Duy Xuyen, Nui Thanh, Dai Loc, and Tam Ky City. 1.8 Total project budget Total project budget is 210 million USD, of which: Loan from International Development Association (IDA) is 180 million USD State counter budget is 30 million USD 13

14 Figure 1 : Structure of component s capital Note: 1: Component 1; 2: Component 2; 3: Component 3; 4: Component 4 Note: 1: World Bank Loan; 2: Counter budget Figure 2 : Structure of investment sources 14

15 Figure 3 : Project provinces 15

16 2. PROJECT CONTEXT AND RATIONALE 2.1. Project rationale and contributions to the national socio-economic development strategies, plan, sectorial regional - local development planning Macroeconomic environment and development policies of the country Vietnam is an agricultural country with two distinctive seasons: the dry season and the rainy season. Therefore, irrigation plays an important role in providing water in the dry season and draining water in flood season. Investment in irrigation has contributed to increase the productivity and intensification of agriculture in Vietnam, as well as to support food security objective for household, region and the country. Over the past two decades, Vietnam has made significant achievement by shifting gone from food deficit country to one of the world's biggest rice exporter. Irrigation also plays an increasingly important role in the development of agriculture and fishery sectors. Over the past decade, Vietnam has become one of the leading exporters of agriculture and fishery products. In addition, the improvement and completion of irrigation infrastructure recently has helped to diversify farmers' income from the production of secondary crops, increasing the production area of different crops beside rice production, and actively supporting the development of non-agricultural sectors in rural areas. Agriculture continues to play an important role in poverty reduction in Vietnam. The agricultural sector accounts for 22% of the country's GDP, 30% of exports and 60% of the total workforce. In rural areas, most poor people depend on irrigated agriculture as the source of generating work labor and income. Between 2006 and 2010, the annual average growth rate of agriculture sector is about 3.5% and in 2010 the total value of agriculture production increased by 4.5%. Such growth not only has positive impact on income and living standards of each household, but also stimulates the growth of nonagricultural sectors through the combination of demand and supply; thereby increasing the rural income. Vietnam's geography, natural and agro-ecological conditions differs from region to region. Diverse land and water resources are characterized by different population density; therefore, there are many different cultivation methods as well as diverse irrigation systems. While Vietnam irrigation in general and irrigated agriculture in particular has achieved significant progress, there are still many challenges in infrastructure as well as management, operation and maintenance of the irrigation works. In many places, the efficiency of irrigation works is low due to limited and incomprehensive investment as the initial design, lack of on-farm canals together with old irrigation works which have low standard design, degraded canals and other infrastructure, and limited planning as well. The management and utilization of the irrigation management companies (IMCs) still exists many shortcomings such as lack of demand-oriented management and participation of farmers / water users, which led to 16

17 low quality, inflexibility, and un-sustainability of irrigation and drainage services. Limited maintenance work due to lack of investment together with the impacts of natural disasters makes the infrastructure system deteriorated seriously, which affects the irrigation and drainage service supply The irrigation and drainage systems have a strong impact on the productivity and the development of agricultural production. In Vietnam, the cultivation land is about 9.6 million hectares (ha), accounting for 29% of the total natural land of the country. As estimated, 46% (equivalent to 4.5 million hectares) of the cultivation land is invested with irrigated system, among that 26% (equivalent to 2.5 million ha) has drainage system. The expansion, improvement and modernization of irrigation system have paved the way for advances in agricultural production and other water-related economic sectors. The area with well-equipped irrigation system has produced an average yield of 4.9 tones / ha / crop, as twice as the productivity of non-irrigated areas. Since 2010, Vietnam has exported more than 6.5 million tons of rice each year and become leading rice exporter in the world. Some irrigation is now designed to support rice cultivation (monoculture). However, more than half the irrigation system cannot operate at the designed capacity. In addition, due to the uncompleted system and lack of adequate investment in tools, support management and operation equipment; there is still water waste phenomenon during the operation process. Thus, improving the water use efficiency is the key to better management of water resources in agriculture. According to reports, at present, the use of water for cultivation and rice production in Vietnam is at about kg/m 3, much lower than the kg / m3 in the industrialized countries. However, the changes in the form of food consumption and crop production encourage people to apply diverse cultivation methods and apply high-value crop species (e.g. fruit, vegetables) and other crops into production. The water demand for non-agricultural use is on the rise and will certainly grow rapidly in the future along with the process of urbanization and industrialization. At the same time, the climate change causes severe impacts on meeting the needs of water users. Consequently, irrigation service should be more efficient to contribute to develop the agriculture production and food quality; enhance competitiveness to increase people's income, while ensure the construction safety towards the risks from storms, floods. Within the above context, MARD and WB have agreed to develop a project assisting some Northern mountainous and Central coastal provinces to improve irrigation and drainage system in order to provide better irrigation and drainage services, contributes to improve the agricultural production efficiency in a sustainable manner, enhance the environment and livelihood, and increase the living standards of community This activity is consistent with Country Partnership Strategy (CPS) for Vietnam of the World Bank for the period with following essential aims: (i) strengthening the country competitiveness through increased productivity of farmers and efficient use of 17

18 land, (ii) enhancing sustainability through improved water productivity, and (iii) expanding access to socio-economic opportunities through improved access to basic water related services. The overall theme of the CPS includes: (i) strengthening governance through enhancing the responsibility of the irrigation services supplier, (ii) increasing the resilience capacity from economic and climatic shocks by promoting climate smart agriculture activities, and (iii) concerning gender issues and the active participation of men and women in the project activities. The World Bank has extensive experiences in assisting development programs on integrated water resources management and natural disaster management in the world in general and in Vietnam in particular. The WB has provided strategic and appropriate supports for small-scale irrigation investment in Poverty Reduction Project for the Northern mountainous provinces, supported the development of policies and institutions in water resources sector through the Climate Change Policy Development Project. From 2000 to present, Vietnam is top priority of WB investment Project conditions and rationale Overview (1) Vietnam Sustainable Development Strategy for the period Viet Nam Sustainable Development Strategy for approved by Prime Minister by the Decision No. 432/QD-TTg dated 12/04/2012 with the overall objective: Sustainable and effective growth must come along with social progress and equality, national resources and environment protection, socio-political stability, firm protection of independence-sovereignty-unification and territorial integrity of the country Specific objectives of the Strategy: - To ensure macro-economic stability, especially macro indexes; to firmly maintain food security, energy security and financial security. To transform the growth model into harmoniously deep and wide development; to gradually carry out green growth, low-carbon economic development; to economically and effectively use all resources - To develop a democratic, disciplined, harmonious, equal and civilized society; a progressive culture deeply imbued with national identity; prosperous, progressive and happy families; to ensure people s comprehensive development in all physical, spiritual, intellectual aspects, having creativeness capacity, a sense of citizenship, and a sense of law observance. To make education and training, science and technology the major driving force for development. To firmly maintain socio-political stability, firmly protect independence, sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity. - To mitigate negative impacts of economic activities on the environment. Reasonably exploit and effectively use natural resources, especially non-renewable ones. Prevent, control and repair environmental pollution and degradation, improve the quality of the environment, protect and develop forests and conserve bio-diversity. To reduce 18

19 harmful effects of natural disasters, actively and effectively respond to climate change, especially sea level rise. The objectives and implementation content of the have reflected through the 4 following components: Component 1 - Improved Irrigation Water Management; Component 2 - Irrigation and Drainage Scheme Level Improvements; Component 3 - Support Services for Climate-Smart Agricultural Practices; Component 4 - Project Management, Monitoring and Evaluation. Therefore, the implementation content of the is perfectly consistent to the objectives of the Vietnam Sustainable Development Strategy for the period (2) National Strategy for Natural Disaster Prevention, Response, and Mitigation to 2020 The National Strategy for Natural Disaster Prevention, Response, and Mitigation to 2020 was approved by the Vietnamese Government by the Decision No. 172/2007/QD- TTg dated 16/11/2007. The main objective of the Strategy is Mobilize all resources to effectively implement disaster prevention, response and mitigation from now up to 2020 in order to minimize the losses of human life and properties, the damage of natural resources and cultural heritages, and the degradation of environment, contributing significantly to ensure the country sustainable development, national defence and security The specific objectives of the Strategy include: (i) Enhance the capacities of forecasting flood, storm, drought, seawater intrusion, of informing earthquake, of warning tsunami and extreme hydrometeorology phenomena. (ii) Ensure that the development planning and building codes of socioeconomic structures and residential areas in places frequently affected by disaster suit to regional standards for flood and storm control; and socio-economic development plans and sectorial plans are integrated with the strategy and plans of disaster prevention, response and mitigation for a sustainable development (iii) Ensure 100% of local staffs who directly work in the field of disaster prevention, response and mitigation at all levels to be trained and strengthened of capacities for disaster prevention, response and mitigation; ensure more than 70% of population living in disaster prone areas to be disseminated of knowledge on disaster mitigation. (iv) Complete the relocation, arrangement and stabilization of the life for people in disaster prone areas according to the planning approved by authorized government agencies. (v) Direct the collaboration and cooperation among forces of search and rescue to take initiative in responding to emergency situations; ensure adequate investment for construction of technical infrastructure and facilities, for procurement of 19

20 equipment and for human resource development to deal with disaster search and rescue in line with the Master Planning for Search and Rescue to 2015, with vision up to 2020 approved by Prime Minister on Decision 46/2006/QD-TTg on 28th February 2006 (vi) Ensure safety for the dyke systems at provinces from Ha Tinh province up to the North of the country; improve the flood-resistant capacity of embankment systems in the Coastal Central region, Central Highlands and the Eastern South; complete the consolidation and upgrading of sea dyke systems all over the country (vii) Ensure safety for reservoirs, especially the large reservoirs and the ones related to crowded residential areas, to politically, economically, culturally sensitive areas, and to important structures of national security and defence downstream. (viii) Complete the construction of storm shelters for boats and ships according to the planning approved by authorized agencies and (ix) Complete the fishery communication system; ensure that 100% of offshore fishing boats and ships have sufficient communication equipment; sign treaties on rescue with other nations and territories in the region. The has 4 main components including enhancing the water resources management capacity, upgrade and improve the irrigation and drainage infrastructure, provide assistant services for climate-smart agriculture, project management, monitoring and evaluation. Of which, the Component 2 is estimated to construct new irrigation and drainage works. The selected investment methods for the prioritized sub-projects are: upgrade and improve the canal system; reinforce and upgrade the head works including dam, water reservoir; construct pumping station for irrigation and drainage; upgrade and improve the hydro turbine pumping station; construct multi-purpose reservoirs, etc. Besides, the Component 3 aims to support the development of bigger field model, improve the soil and plant seeds, etc. For these above reasons, the implementing activities of the are completely consistent with the objectives of the National Strategy for Natural Disaster Prevention, Response, and Mitigation to (3) National Target Program on Sustainable Poverty Reduction for the period National Target Program on Sustainable Poverty Reduction for the period was approved by the Government by the Decision No. 1489/QD-TTg dated 08/10/2012. The main objective of the Program is Improve and gradually enhance the living standards of the poor; prioritize the ethnic minorities, poor people living in poor districts, border communes, extreme difficult communes, villages, river bank areas and islands; make the significant and comprehensive change in term of poverty reduction in the poor areas; contribute to narrow the gap in term of living standard between urban and rural, among regions, ethnics, and residential groups. The specific objectives of the Program include: 20

21 i. At national wide, the average income per capita of poor household increases 1.6 times compared to the end of 2011 (particularly, the poor households in poor districts, communes, villages, hamlets, mountainous villages, the ethnic minority in mountainous areas will increase 2.5 times); the national average poverty rate will reduce by 2% (particularly, the poor districts and communes will reduce by 4%/year) under the national poverty line for the period ii. Implement consistently and effectively the poverty reduction policies to improve the living standards of the poor in terms of health care, education, culture, running water, housing; the poor can easily access the basic social services; iii. The socio-economic infrastructure of extremely poor districts, communes, villages, hamlets is invested comprehensively in accordance with the criteria of new rural area. First of all, focus on essential infrastructure such as transportation, electricity, running water, etc. One of the main objectives of the is improving and completing the irrigation and drainage infrastructure for the Northern and Central mountainous areas where the poverty rate is the highest. The project will focus to provide water for production and domestic uses for people living in these areas. This activity is absolutely consistent to the National Target Program on Sustainable Poverty Reduction for the period (4) National Target Program on New Rural Development for the period The National target program on new rural development for the period was approved by the Prime Minister by the Decision No. 800/QD-TTg dated 04/06/2010. The overall objective of this Program is To build a new countryside with gradually modem socio-economic infrastructure, rational economic structure and forms of production organization; to associate agriculture with quick development of industries and services, and rural with urban development under planning; to assure a democratic and stable rural community deeply imbued with national cultural identity; to protect the eco-environment and maintain security and order; and to raise people's material and spiritual lives along the socialist orientation. The specific objectives are as follows: i. By 2015, 20% of communes will reach new countryside standards (under the national set of new countryside criteria). ii. By 2020, 50% of communes will reach new countryside standards (under the national set of new countryside criteria). The National target program on new rural development for the period is an overall socio-economic development, political and security and one covering the following 11 activities including: Planning to build a new countryside, Developing socioeconomic infrastructure, Restructuring and developing the economy and increasing income, Poverty reduction and social security, Renewing and developing forms of effective production organization in rural areas, Developing education and training in 21

22 rural areas, Developing medical services and providing health care for rural inhabitants, Building a cultured life and developing information and communications in rural areas, Clean water supply and environmental sanitation in rural areas, Raising the quality of Party organizations, administrations and socio-political organizations in localities, Maintaining social security and order in rural areas. The with the goals of improving irrigated agriculture and water supply for the residents in water disadvantaged areas is entirely consistent with the objectives and content of the national targeted program on new rural development for the period Sector a) Agriculture sector Agricultural economy still maintains the growth rate of 3.3% - 4.5%. According to the statistics in 2008, the agriculture area accounted 61.4%, non-agriculture area was 9.6%, and non-use land was 28.95%. The crop production still accounts for the largest portion in agriculture sector. In 2008, the crop production portion accounted 70.5% of agricultural production value. Cattle s breeding is one of the advantages of the region, of which the buffalos accounted for approximately 24.4%, cow is 22.9%, and swine is 21.8% of the nation. The husbandry grows in a relatively stable manner and the average production value increased by 4.9% in the period The portion of husbandry accounted for 22 25% of agriculture sector. In recent years, the husbandry has developed by promoting the product processing. Especially, the advances in breeding have contributed to increase the product quality. About 77% of country population and 90% of the poor are living in rural areas. And about 70% income of rural people is from agricultural production activities. Monthly average income per capita is 1,365,000 VND, increases by 8.9% (not taking the factor of price increment). However, the economy structure is changing rapidly with the continuous increasing of industry and service sectors and the decreasing of agriculture sector (including fishery and forestry in GDP). The agriculture portion accounted for 16.42% GDP in The agriculture production accounted for 48% of total employment and will continue to decline. In order to maintain the average income per capita of the country, it is necessary to increase the labor s productivity in agriculture sector. Many farmers will find high-income jobs in the industry and tourism sectors. The fact that many people will find better job in urban areas will increase the migration from the rural to the urban. Most of people living in natural disaster prone areas will be vulnerable to natural disaster. These areas require the adequate support to enhance its resilience to natural disasters. Over the past decade, the agriculture growth, especially the crop production, can be accounted for the following factors: 22

23 - Vietnamese Government started implementing the market economic policy in 1986; - Increase the use of land, labor, chemical substances, and fertilizers in agriculture sector, especially in crop production. Continue to make full use of the Government support to water resources systems. However, it is difficult to maintain the agriculture growth rate by reducing the minimum effectiveness of water resource investment project or cutting the costs for operation and maintenance of the system. It is necessary to implement the sustainable agriculture development strategy in order to increase the national economy growth rate and obtain the goals of poverty reduction and hunger elimination. This Strategy requires the diversification of cultivation system that can adapt to the agro ecological conditions as well as the improvement of agricultural quality which is suitable to the local conditions. It is also necessary to ensure the value added and competitiveness of agricultural products, especially high-value plants and crops. b) Implement the reconstruction of the economy task as stipulated in the 11th National Congress of the Party, the agriculture sector has developed the Program "Restructuring the agricultural sector towards the added value and sustainable development From this viewpoint on the oriented reconstruction, the program should base on the achievements in agriculture sectors including (i) maintain rapid growth in diversification and structural transformations of plants and animals, (ii) ensure food security, (iii) increase agricultural product export and (iv) contribution to positive rural development and poverty alleviation. Investment in agriculture and rural development up to now is much lower than its potential and development needs. The development investment of the whole society on agriculture and rural development has decreased from 13.8% in 2000 to 6.2% in Investment from the State budget and Government bonds for agriculture also declined, from 21.5% in 2006 to 21.3% in The proportion of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in agricultural sector of the country has decreased from 8% in 2001 to just 1% in 2010 The public investment allocation in agriculture sector is still not reasonable. The investment on basic infrastructure of non-production or slow profitability sectors accounts high portion, especially focus on water resources and irrigation fee. The investment from the State budget and Government bonds for the water resources sector in 2005 accounted for 30% of the total investment budget for agriculture, increasing to 32% in 2008 and 42% in Generally, from 2005 to 2010, while investment in irrigation increased by 7 times, the direct investment for agriculture, forestry, fisheries and national targeted programs with production and profitability characteristics rose only 2 times. However, many irrigation systems have not been completed and only operated at 40% to 75% of irrigation capacity. Some irrigation infrastructure has not been in a proper maintenance, leading to a loss of public investment efficiency 23

24 The investment orientation for the irrigation sector in the coming years under the Program for Reconstruction of Agriculture Sector: - Invest in irrigation sector according to multi-function orientation with diverse plant species, aquaculture farming, rural water supply, and agriculture production; - Mainly invest in the headwork project to bring the highest economic benefit; prioritize investment in new projects to construct dykes, safe water reservoir; invest in irrigation for aquaculture farming; focus more on upgrade, improvement, and maintenance of invested works rather than newly construction; construct water reservoirs in the drought impacted regions; develop small scale irrigation combined with hydropower in the mountainous areas; provide support in terms of technology and consultation services on water saving methods (public private sector) - Implement the investment project in combination with reform and decentralization in water resources management (private public sector) c) The strategic orientation on development of water resources of Vietnam to 2020 mainly concentrates on the irrigation development through agro-forestry production structure transition and crop diversification in order to ensure the food security toward the increasing population pressure, adverse climate change, and global crises. In addition, there is an increasing concern on water supply for domestic uses, industry, aquaculture, and tourism services as well as maintenance and improvement of ecological environment and hydropower utilization. The main objectives of the Strategy are: ensure the water needs for people s livelihood and economic sectors; increase the safety level in natural disaster prevention, response and adaptation in order to minimize the damages and losses caused by floods and storms; better management of river basin; utilize and use the water resources appropriately; develop sustainably, prevent pollution and water depletion of main river basin as well as all the river basins of the country; enhance the water resources management capacity from the Central to local level. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) plays the directing and guiding roles in the strategic orientation on development of water resources of Vietnam. According to the Action Plan for the Implementation of the Strategy, the following tasks have been clarified as follows: (i) To develop water resources towards modernization and higher capacity to supply water for daily-life, industrial, agricultural, tourist and service activities, assurance of food security and commodity agricultural production in order to raise competitiveness, contributing to sustainable socio-economic development, hunger elimination and poverty reduction. Among that, to concentrate on upgrading the existing irrigation systems: completing investment in each system, upgrading and modernizing major works, canals and operation equipment in order to bring into play their designed capacity and raise their service capacity. To continue constructing small irrigation works in highland, deep-lying, remote, border and island areas to supply water for irrigation and daily-life activities. Provide water for the purpose of aquaculture, 24

25 industrial production, domestic uses and improvement of the coastal environment. To construct hydraulic works to control floods, control sea tides, prevent infiltration of sea water, retain freshwater and floods, limiting the impacts of climate change and sea level rise. To study the application of advanced and proper technological solutions namely water-saving irrigating technologies for crops for efficient exploitation of water sources in midland, mountainous areas, etc.; (ii) study proper solutions to control floods and reduce natural disasters; (iii) consolidate the system of water resource and irrigation work management; and (iv) To raise the water resource science and technology investment. In recent years, the MARD has focused on improving and completing the irrigation and drainage system using ODA and local counterpart funds. Along with the irrigation infrastructure development and improvement, various approaches are applied such as: participatory irrigation management, integrated water resources management, etc. in order to increase the investment efficiency of from "served" form to "services" form. This transformation has increased the efficiency of using water resources and irrigation works, as well as mobilized the participation of water management associations from which management can improve the quality of service user to the research is being applied. Activities to strengthen the organization management and exploitation of irrigation works, finishing and additional legal and policy framework, improve the efficiency of management of irrigation systems in order to solve these above difficulties Along with the achievement in agriculture production, the recent irrigation and drainage systems still have many shortcomings such as inefficient capital use and incomplete management institutionalization, etc. In order to reinforce and strengthen the management efficiency as well as improve the irrigation and drainage service quality in a reliable, fair, and flexible manner, it is necessary to enhance the participation of water users, especially, in water management and allocation. The following issues should be focused in the future: (i) Improve the organizational model and complete the management mechanism, particularly the financial mechanism; the water management and allocation mechanism should be implement by maximizing the full participation of beneficiaries and clarify the roles, responsibilities, and benefits of IMCs and Water Use Organizations (WUAs) on the principle of fairness and mutual benefit. This issue can be address by completing the management institution and capacity building for managers at different levels in irrigation and drainage system management; (ii) improve the irrigation services by institutionalizing and applying benchmarking and management tools. In addition, improve the legal framework to increase the quality of supplied service as well as promote the ownership and accountability of IMCs, WUAs, and individual water users. Ensure the irrigation and drainage system operate in a sustainable and effective manner; (iii) improve the observation capacity and control of water resources and water quality 25

26 with well-equipped systems; enhancing the data updates and analysis; install the measure equipment to monitor the quality of supplied water for different water use groups on the system and support the management activities Region (1) Master planning on socio-economic development for the Northern and Central coastal provinces to 2020 The goal of the master plan for socio-economic in the North Central region and Central Coast by 2020 is to build the North Central and Central Coastal areas into dynamic, rapid and sustainable developing regions, with oriented and planned agriculture, forestry and fishery. - On agricultural development: Rearranged the structure of plants and animals in accordance with the natural conditions of each sub-region towards improving production safety, preventing flooding, improving efficiency of cultivated land per hectare. Develop specialized cultivation of fruit trees, short term industrial crops and perennial crops, vegetables with advantage toward concentrated goods production in accordance with soil conditions, local climate in the region. Apply new seeds, appropriate technologies in production and processing, linking production to markets to form links among agriculture - processing - services - market in the localities. - Construction of new rural area: Focus on the implementation of new rural construction, restructure crops and livestock. The project has 4 components, in which the component supporting the climatesmart agriculture and building infrastructure fully meets the goals and direction of this Plan. (2) Master planning on socio-economic development for the Central coastal provinces to 2020 The master planning on socio-economic development for the Central coastal provinces to 2020 was approved by the Prime Minister on 9 May 2008, with the following contents: mobilize investment capital to construct infrastructure such as sea ports, tourist spots, economic zones, industrial parks, transportation systems, irrigation, posttelecommunication and information technology; develop electricity grid, rural infrastructure, urban infrastructure, petrochemical industry, shipbuilding industry... for the central coastal provinces from Thanh Hoa to Ninh Thuan; implement the planning and plans on improving the technical infrastructure such as irrigation works, water reservoirs, dykes, revetments to protect and prevent erosion for people living in mountainous and reverie areas; dredge river bed and train river, estuaries which are deposited, etc. Within the framework of the, its objectives and investment items aim to modernize the irrigation and drainage system; enhance the efficiency of water use, have 26

27 positive impact on social environment and facilitate the economic development. The investment items will support the infrastructure development and create favorable conditions for attracting investment of the project areas. Many works/ sub-projects have effectively supported the development of regional transportation which is consistent to the transportation development projects at local level. Some projects on water reservoir and dam reinforcement have been combined with the relevant investment items of the project will create attractive eco-tourism areas, better the living environment of local community, and develop the local tourism. The is absolutely consistent to the Master planning on socio-economic development for the Central coastal provinces to 2020 (3) Regional and provincial water resources planning The existing planning on water resources of the project area includes: provincial planning on water resources, planning on water resources in the context of climate change and sea level rise for the Southern Central and Northern Central regions. The provincial planning on water resources has the following objectives: ensure the development and efficient utilization of water resources; meet the water needs for agriculture and rural development and integrate into the provincial socio-economic development for the period ; reduce poverty and eliminate hunger; improve the living standards of local community; reinforce the national defence and social security. The main tasks of the planning include Address the water-related issues to control the irrigation and drainage of rice, secondary crop, and industrial trees as well as develop the husbandry; create the orientation for flood prevention and natural disaster reduction; provide guidance on water supply for economic sectors such as aquaculture, domestic use, and other economic sectors; create orientation to develop small-scale hydropower; conduct the impact assessment of activities that have effects on the environment and water quality and from that, provide forecast in the future, focusing on key areas. The planning on water resources in the context of climate change (CC) and sea level rise (SLR) for the Southern Central and Northern Central regions has the following objectives: Based on the scenarios for climate change and sea level rise for the region, propose overall solutions for the water resources sector; actively prevent, response, and mitigate the natural disaster; ensure the sustainable development and effectively utilize the water resources in river basins. In addition, conduct the researches on constructing works at estuaries to minimize the impact of salinity intrusion and to drain water. Ensure the socio-economic development requirements and improve the living standards of people in the project area. Specifically, conduct the impact assessment of CC and SLR to the Northern and Southern Central regions such as inundation, water supply, flood prevention, salinity intrusion, etc.; propose overall solutions for the water resources 27

28 sectors to adapt to CC and SLR; actively prevent, response, and mitigate the natural disaster; ensure the sustainable development and effectively utilize the water resources; meet the socio-economic development requirements; conduct the researches on constructing works at estuaries to minimize the impact of salinity intrusion and to drain water for the coastal areas; adapt to CC and SLR; crease the foundation to develop the implementation plan for the water resources development strategy to 2020 vision to 2030 and orientation to 2050 in order to meet the requirements of socio-economic development and enhance the living standards of people living in the project areas. The main objective of the is provide support for some Northern and Central mountainous province to improve and modernize the irrigation and drainage system for better supplying irrigation and drainage services; contribute to enhance the efficiency of agriculture production towards sustainable development, environmental improvement, livelihood enhance and living standard improvement. Therefore, this project s objectives are consistent to the regional and provincial planning on water resources Market: Demand Supply analysis The Strategy on Agriculture and Rural Development for the period was issued along with the official document No. 3310/BNN-KH dated 12/10/2009 of MARD. The Strategy has pointed out the achievements and limitations of the sector and proposed the strategic development orientation for the sector. The specific objectives are: For the period : Recover the growth rate and increase the efficiency of agriculture production; promote the baseline democracy; mobilize the manpower for rural development; increase the income and reduce significantly the poverty rate; protect the environment. For the period : Develop the agriculture in a sustainable, comprehensive, and modern manner; develop the rural areas in accordance with the country industrialization and urbanization progress; increase the income and enhance the basic living conditions of rural population; protect the environment. In order to achieve the above objective, the strategy has pointed out some orientations s the followings: Orientation for agricultural production development: Maintain the growth rate of agriculture production from 2.5 to 3% /year. Particularly, in the period , the growth rate is 2.7%/year and 2.6% for the period The growth can be ensured by applying the measures such as increase agricultural productivity and yield; improve the agricultural product quality and reduce the price; adjust the crop structure according to the water demand and the community income (reduce the food consumption, increase the use of vegetable and fruit, increase the consumption of industrial trees, extend the crop area for animal food, bio-materials, 28

29 industrial inputs, handicraft, and chemical inputs); maintain the proper agriculture production area; ensure the food security for stable population in the future. Concentrate to develop tropical trees that Vietnam has advantages on world market such as rice, coffee, rubble, pepper, tea, tropical vegetable and fruit; reduce the less advantaged crop; accept to import with rational scale for domestic use and processing process (cotton, tobacco, temperate vegetable and fruit, and bean). Develop the husbandry based on the advantages of each ecological region to meet the domestic market demand. Focus on industrial manufacturing, ensure food safety and hygiene, prevent diseases, and protect the environment. Promote the growth rate of husbandry to 6 7% in the period and 5 6 % in the period to meet the domestic demand and the increasing income of people (increase red meat, poultry, eggs, milk, and specialty products, etc.) towards the intensification development of industrial product. Increase the production efficiency, reduce the animal feeding costs, prevent livestock and poultry diseases, and ensure the animal quarantine, safety and hygiene. Create the breakthrough by increasing the proportion of fishery in the agriculture sector. Concentrate to develop the aquaculture farming in brackish water and then fresh water; expand the marine aquaculture by developing the intensification, increasing the productivity and efficiency, ensure the safety and hygiene, and maintain the environmental balance. The growth rate of fishery achieves 10.5%/year in the period and 11 12%/year in the period Orientation for water resources and rural infrastructure development as the follows: a. Orientation for water resources development: Concentrate on increasing the water use efficiency; prioritize on constructing water saving irrigation system; develop water use organizations with the participation of farmers, local community, and investors to effectively operate the irrigation system as well as save the water; increase the efficiency of design capacity to 90%; ensure the water supply for domestic use, industry, agriculture, tourism, and service, etc.; enhance the natural disaster prevention capacity. b. Ensure the water supply and drainage for agriculture production, social welfare, and other economic sectors. Provide sufficient water to explore 4.5 million hectares of annual crops; ensure the controlled irrigation for 100% 2 crop rice area (3.32 million ha); gradually increase the ensured frequency of controlled irrigation to 85%. Expand the irrigated area of secondary crops and industrial trees. Provide water for aquaculture farming (80% receive controlled irrigation). Provide controlled water to most salt production area. 100% of rural 29

30 population access fresh water which meet the hygiene standards; ensure sufficient water for industry and service. Provide water for domestic use in both urban and rural areas (for rural area, the water requirement is 60 litters/person/day). Place priority on solving running water scarcity for the Northern mountainous area. Based on the study on socioeconomic and environment efficiency, select priority to develop multi-purpose irrigation (such as agriculture production, aquaculture, salt production in combination with transportation, tourism, natural disaster prevention, social welfare service, etc.) Ensure water drainage in big cities, floodplain, and low-lying area in order to develop social welfare, agriculture, and other economic sectors with the frequency of 5 10%; adapt to climate change and sea level rise. Allocate adequate budget to maintenance activities to proficiently utilize the irrigation works and increase the water use efficiency. Strengthen the science and technology capacity and competency on water resources assessment, planning, design as well as the irrigation work construction and utilization above the average standards in Asia. Continue to complete the objectives of reinforcing the canal system. Along with the policy in water resources fee reduction and exemption for farmers, identify the compensation value when use water for other economic purposes which obtain more profitability (such as hydropower, tourism, industry, etc.) Improve, modernize, and enhance the efficiency use of existing infrastructure. Apply structural measures and advanced technology to newly construct the multi-purpose irrigation works which can meet the integrated planning such as the long and medium term plan of river basin management; medium and short term plan of mountainous area. Construct irrigation works for the purposes of prevent salinity, containing fresh water for social welfare, agriculture production, fishery, and salt production in the coastal areas. Develop the canal system to remove salinity and alum; prevent salinity intrusion and erosion for the Mekong River Delta. Create water resources for irrigation, domestic use for the North Central region. Provide water for water scarcity areas in the coastal south central region, and Southeast region; prevent salinity intrusion and tidal flooding for the Southeast region and Ho Chi Minh City. Irrigation modernization is a process of technical and managerial upgrading (as opposed to mere rehabilitation) of irrigation schemes combined with institutional reforms, with the objective to improve resource utilization (labor, water, economic, environmental) and water delivery service to farms (FAO, 1996) c. Provide sufficient fresh water and sanitation to rural areas: Access the investment effectiveness in water supply for rural areas. Propose appropriate solutions (surface water treatment, natural water resource extraction, underground water extraction, rain water harvest and storage, etc.); apply the specific priority policy (land allocation, land lease, sales tax and equipment import tax exemption, capital support, 30

31 technical support, procedure supports, etc.); mobilize all economic sectors participation and ensure the water supply for all regions. d. Construct the infrastructure for rural development Therefore, the water resources development aims to serve the agro-forestry production structure transition and crop diversification in order to ensure the food security toward the increasing population pressure, adverse climate change, and global crises. In addition, there is an increasing concern on water supply for domestic uses, industry, aquaculture, and tourism services as well as maintenance and improvement of ecological environment and hydropower utilization. The irrigation in the mountainous, remote areas and especially in the extreme difficult areas for water resources should be developed in the combination with social policies to gradually address the issues related to water supply and socio-economic development. The irrigation development will contribute to successfully implement the programs on poverty reduction and hunger elimination, residential resettlement, ethnic minority development, and irrigation development in combination with natural disaster reduction The main outcomes of the project are: (i) Renovate the irrigation work management model, improve the irrigation, drainage, and water supply services, etc. in line with the Reconstruction of Agriculture Sector Program of MARD; (ii) increase the controlled irrigation and drainage areas; reduce the natural disaster risk; (iii) develop some pilot models on climate-smart agriculture; (iv) provide training and capacity building for project staff, contribute to increase the agricultural productivity, and efficiently reduce the poverty. In recent years, major storms and other natural disasters have caused serious impacts and the annual estimated economic loss is equivalent to 1.5% of the country GDP. It is also estimated that 70% of population is vulnerable to natural disaster risks. CC is forecasted to increase the vulnerability to agriculture sector, especially causes adverse impacts on the agricultural productivity and yields. Under the impact of climate change, the agriculture productivity will decline significantly due to the low resistant capacity to inundation from heavy and long lasting rain events; however, it productivity reduction still depend of the species. The potential impacts on agriculture can include the reduction of rice yield from 11 to 42% and other crops from 7 to 45%. 53% of emission volume is attributed to agriculture sector and rice production is considered as the main source of emission. Climate-smart agriculture will be a new approach to obtain high productivity and rehabilitate sustainably the agriculture production of farmers as well as reduce the greenhouse gas emission. 31

32 Figure 4: Poverty situation (left) and vulnerability to natural disasters (right) Table 1. Estimated impacts of climate change on agriculture in project provinces Region Province Potential impacts Northern mountainous region Centre region Ha Giang, Phu Tho, Hoa Binh, Thanh Hoa Ha Tinh, Quang Tri, Quang Nam Potential impacts on agriculture productivity will lead to the sharp decline from % of total rice productivity and 2.7 to 38.3% of other crops. Potential impacts on agriculture productivity will lead to the sharp decline from % of total rice productivity and 7.5 to 45.8% of other crops. Recognize the damages and losses in terms of human lives and property caused by natural disaster, Vietnamese Government has prioritized the natural disaster reduction and management as important content to ensure the sustainable development of the country. The National Strategy for Natural Disaster Prevention, Response, and Mitigation to 2020 was approved by the Government on November Within the framework of this Strategy, the main objective of natural disaster management in Vietnam is concentrating to combat to hydro-meteorological disasters. At the same time, the Government also approved the Vietnam Strategy on Sustainable Development for the period and the National Target Program on Sustainable Poverty Reduction for the period The Vietnam Strategy on Sustainable Development for the 32

33 period has the main objectives as the followings: properly and harmoniously combine economic growth with social development; use the energy economically; develop low-carbon economy; control and mitigate the impacts of climate change, etc. In order to implement this Strategy, the agriculture sector has many initiatives such as the agriculture structure transition and irrigation development for climate-smart agriculture. From the beginning of the WB3 preparation stage, both World Bank and Vietnamese Government assessed that the WB3 Project, Project on Poverty Reduction for Northern mountainous Provinces, Project on Climate Change policy Development will be the initial step of WB to facilitate further activities to implement the Vietnam Water Resource Development Strategy for the purpose of agriculture adapting to climate change To facilitate the initiative of MARD on reconstruction of the agriculture structure, the Vietnamese Government has requested WB to invest and enhance the institutional capacity on water resources and agriculture in seven Northern mountainous and central coastal provinces including Quang Nam, Quang Tri, Ha Tinh, Thanh Hoa, Hoa Binh, Phu Tho, and Ha Giang. The Project will increase the efficiency of water use and ensure the sustainability of this area, as well as contribute to achieve the goal of national poverty reduction. For that reason, the project is suitable to the policies, and objectives set by the Party and the Government, in line with the development orientation and planning of sector, regional, and provinces of the project areas Project conditions and rationales The Project is in accordance with the policies and targets at provincial level: - Master Planning on Socio-economic Development of Provinces to 2015 and to 2020; - Provincial Water Resources Planning to 2020; - Water Resources Planning taking into account the climate change and sea level rise. 2.2 Relations to other projects to supplement and address the relevant issues of the project Other investment projects and implemented measures MARD/CPO has been implementing some ODA water resources management projects including 2 steps of Project Preparation Technical Assistance and Project Implementation as the following: 1. Irrigation and Flood Protection Rehabilitation Project (ADB1), loan No VIE (SF). Total investment of the project is 95.6 million USD, project scope is Hanoi, Ha Tay, Nghe An, Thanh Hoa, Quang Binh, and Quang Tri. The project ended and closed the loan on 30/6/ Red River Delta Water Resources Sector Project (ADB2), loan No VIE (SF). Total investment of the project is 75 million USD; the project scope is 12 provinces 33

34 in Red River Delta. The project ended and closed the loan on 31/12/ Flood Damage Rehabilitation Project, Loan No VIE (SF) using the unspent budget of 2 projects ADB1+ ADB2, Total investment of the project is 16 million USD, the project scope is four Central provinces and eight Mekong River Delta provinces. The project completed and closed the loan on 31/12/2002; 4. Central Region and Ho Chi Minh City Water Resources Rehabilitation Project (WB1), credit no. Cr.2711-VN. Total investment of the project is million USD, the project scope is 13 provinces of Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, Ha Tinh, Quang Nam, Da Nang, Quang Ngai, Phu Yen, Quang Binh, Quang Tri, Thua Thien Hue, Ho Chi Minh City, and Long An. The project completed and closed the loan on 30/6/ Mekong River Delta Water Resources Project (WB2), funded by World Bank under the Credit No. Cr Total investment of the project is million USD, implemented in 11 provinces of Mekong River Delta (of which, the irrigation component was implemented in 7 provinces/cities). The project completed at the end of Red River Basin Project Phase 2 (ADB3) Loan No VIE (SF) and CVN C. Total investment of the project is million USD; the project scope (According to the Loan Agreement) is 25 provinces of Red River basin (in fact, implemented in 14 provinces). The project completed and closed the loan on 30/6/ Vietnam Water Resource Assistance Project (WB3)-VWRAP Loan No. Cr VN. Total investment of the project is: 176,5 million USD, the project area is provinces of Lang Son, Bac Giang, Quang Ninh, Hai Phong, Ha Tinh, Quang Nam, Da Nang, Khanh Hoa, Tay Ninh, and Ho Chi Minh City. The Loan Agreement was signed on 19/8/2004 and took effect from 21/12/2004. The project completed on 31/12/2012 and closed the loan on 30/4/ Phan Ri Phan Thiet Project of Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) credit No. VNVIII-7. The total investment is 4,874 million Japanese Yen; the project area is Binh Thuan Province. This project is in the process of implementing and will complete on 16/8/ The Natural Disaster Risk Management Project (WB4) Loan No. Cr.4114 VN. Total investment of the project is 109 million USD, the project area is provinces of Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, Ha Tinh, Quang Binh, Quang Tri, Thua Thien Hue, Quang Nam, Quang Ngai, Binh Dinh, Phu Yen, Khanh Hoa, Ninh Thuan, Binh Thuan, Dong Thap, Long An, An Giang, and Ben Tre. The project duration is 6 years, from 2006 to The deadline to close the loan is on 30/6/ Central Region Water Resources Project (ADB4): Loan No VIE (SF). Total investment of the project is: 99 million USD, the project area is provinces of Thanh 34

35 Hoa, Quang Binh, Quang Tri, Thua Thien Hue, Quang Ngai and Binh Dinh. The project duration is 6 years, from 2006 to The project was completed on 31/12/ Phuoc Hoa Water Resource Project, ADB and AFD Loan. For this project, CPO conducted the project preparation and then transfer to the Water Resource Investment and Construction Management Unit No. 9 to continue the management and implementation. 12. Project on flood prevention for the downstream of Sai Gon River, AFD Loan. For this project, CPO conducted the project preparation and then transfer to the Water Resource Investment and Construction Management Unit No. 9 to continue the management and implementation. 13. Project on strengthening the water resources management and rehabilitating the irrigation system; the project code is 2636 VIE (SF) - CVN B (ADB5). Total investment million USD. The project area is 4 provinces of Hanoi, Bac Ninh, Hai Duong, and Hung Yen. The project duration is 6 years from 2010 to The project is in the process of implementing 14. Mekong Delta Water Resources Management for Rural Development Project Project code Cr.4951-VN (WB6). The project area is 7 provinces in the right side of Hau Giang River including: An Giang, Can Tho, Soc Trang, Bac Lieu, Kien Giang, Hau Giang, and Ca Mau. The project duration is 6 years from 2012 to The project is in the process of implementing. 15. Project on developing the irrigation system of North Chu River South Ma. The project area is Thanh Hoa province. The project duration is 6 years from 2012 to The project is in the process of implementing. 16. Natural Disaster Risk Management Project Project code 5139-VN (WB5), the loan agreement was signed on September 13, The total investment is 180 million USD. The project area is 10 provinces in the Central region of Vietnam including: Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, Ha Tinh, Quang Binh, Quang Tri, Da Nang, Quang Nam, Phu Yen, Binh Dinh, and Ninh Thuan. The project duration is 6 years from 2012 to Greater Mekong Sub-region Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation Project (ADB-GMS1); the Loan Agreement was signed on December 12, 2012 with the project code of 2937-VIE (SF). The total investment is more than 65 million USD. The project area is provinces of Dong Thap and Tien Giang. The project duration is from 2013 to Project on upgrading and restoring the irrigation system of North Nghe An, JICA Loan (JICA2). The total investment of the project is 274 million USD. The negotiation round was completed on August The Loan Agreement is estimated to sign on the 1 st quarter of

36 19. Technical Assistance Project Preparation for the Investment Project on Water Resources Development for the Mid- and Northeast Red River Delta (ADB7). The Loan Agreement is estimated to sign on the 4 th quarter of Non-refundable Aid Projects granted by Vietnamese Government to Laos: Project Sapa Nam Poong and Dong Phu Si. These projects were completed at the end of Non-refundable Aid Project granted by Vietnamese Government to Laos: Project Nam Loong is in the process of technical preparation Projects have direct link to the Among the projects that the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development assigned to CPO to manage and implement, there are 9 projects completed and put into operation (excluding the Investment Project in Laos), 2 project are going to complete, 2 projects were transferred to other agencies for management, 5 on-going projects, 1 project awaiting for signing, and 2 project in the process of technical preparation. In fact, the completed ODA projects have showed that the irrigation work system under its project operates effectively and contributes to the socio-economic development progress of the project area. Especially, the effective irrigation and drainage system also supports the progress of agriculture and rural development as well as the country integration. Regarding to the projects funded by World Bank recently, the focal objective has been placed on water resources management. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development has being organized and implemented successfully the following projects: 1. The Mekong Delta Water Resources Project (WB2: million USD, completed in 2007). The main objectives of the project are: to increase agricultural production, reduce rural poverty, improve living conditions in the project area, and facilitate sustainable water resources development and management in the Mekong Delta. These objectives were obtained by using integrated water resources, supplying fresh water and improving the rural sanitation for households of 11 provinces/cities. It was estimated that the about 1 million people benefited from fresh water resources with the total investment of 15 million VND 2. Vietnam Water Resources Assistance Project (WB3: million USD, completed in 31/12/2012). The main objectives of this project are: (i) foster agricultural diversification and gains in productivity through irrigation system modernization, and thereby raise farm household incomes and reduce rural poverty; (ii) establish effective systems of dam safety management and lower the risks associated with dams; and (iii) promote the environmentally sustainable development and management of water resources in the Thu Bon River Basin 3. Mekong Delta Water Resources Management for Rural Development Project (WB6: 210 million USD). This project was started in 6/2012 to protect and enhance the 36

37 utilization of water resources in the project provinces of the Mekong Delta Region in order to sustain gains in agricultural productivity, provide access to water supply for rural households, and contribute to climate change adaptation. In addition, the project assists to develop and improve the operation and maintenance procedures of irrigation systems as well as of the pilot project providing water efficiently to produce rice, fruit, and aquaculture farming. In summary, many ODA projects implemented in Vietnam have proactively contributed to complete and enhance the service capacity of irrigation work system and improved the capacity of integrated water resources management. These projects have assisted to achieve the goals of agriculture and livelihood development under the context of climate change. Particularly, the Project with the clearest objective on upgrading and completing the irrigation works and strengthening the management capacity of irrigation work system is the Vietnam Water Resources Assistance Project (WB3) which was completed in December Lessons learnt from other projects Previous ODA projects focus on multi-purposes, resolving issues by main activities: (i) building, upgrading irrigation infrastructure; (ii) enhancing management; (iii) developing community, etc. However, most of these projects aim to resolve urgent issues partially with the approach of centralized investment and human resources are not arranged adequately. Recent issues of target on sustainable development strategy, national target program which are meaningful to country development are not mentioned much. Especially, the Three Agricultural Issues, National Target Program on building the new rural development, Agricultural Restructuring Project, Irrigation Development Strategy to 2020 need to be invested and issues should be addressed comprehensively from system level to on-farm level. It is necessary to combine investment in upgrading structures with enhancing management in system level to improve the efficiency of irrigation and drainage service and encourage community to participate in management; to complete, modernize head works of reservoir, canal delivering water and to irrigate economically, effectively for each plant type and other water demands; to increase water productivity, reduce input cost, increase value added of agricultural production; to transfer irrigation management with field improvement, land use management, Lessons learned from previous projects can apply for implementing as follows: - Detailed technique design and other designs need to be prepared during the project preparation in order to implement the project timely. Design for structures in detail in the first year should be started as soon as the evaluation is taken place and finished when the project is effective. - With the challenges due to multi-purposes on water resources management and agricultural production, it is necessary to decentralize project preparation and 37

38 responsibility, especially clean water supply and rural sanitation to provincial level. For large, complex and inter-provincial infrastructure, it should be directly managed by agencies of MARD, while simple systems in province should be managed by the provincial authority. - It is necessary to consider support for beneficiaries after the project ends to ensure sustainability of project objectives. - Continuous participation in accordance with strategic orientation of donors and branches in the project may expand and increase significantly impact of the project on branch renovation. Thus, the project should be a good illustration on impact development beyond the project scope. - A successful irrigation design relating to irrigation and drainage infrastructure need to consider previous disbursement experience and risks caused by seasonal changes of the weather and construction plan. - Competence, responsibility and autonomy of implementing agencies need to be clarified before starting the project. It is necessary to train and educate staffs about accountancy and finance management in WUAs and IMCs in order to ensure the efficiency. It is also necessary to transfer management to WUAs. The implementation process should be monitored closely to ensure transparency and fairness. is designed with 4 components learning lessons from implemented projects and focusing on application of advanced science and technology. The project will apply experience on irrigation modernization of Vietnam Water Resources Assistance project in upgrading irrigation and drainage system. In addition, the project will apply modernized regulating structures with technology of lining canals; apply RAP to identify accurately issues in the system; apply Benchmarking assessment indicator to evaluate effectively the management of IMC; use guideline on irrigation management transfer, learn from results of WUAs establishment of PIM program under the VWRAP project and experiences of PIM support program (funded by JICA and AFD, finished in 2013). Moreover, the project intends to apply experiences on dam safety of VWRAP project, safety dam policy of Managing natural Hazards Project (VN-Haz/WB5) project to upgrade dam safety in the project. In terms of developing smart agriculture model adapting to climate change, the project intend to apply ICM model drawn from experience in the pilots of SRI or other pilots of intensive agriculture such as production model in accordance with VietGAP standard, cultivation method of 3 gains and 3 reductions funded by other funds previously. Regarding management and organization of project implementation: decentralize to local (vesting power to provinces, creating account for sub-project) to shorten duration of evaluation, approval and disbursement. Previous projects used international loan and hired international consultants to design technique which led to prolonged duration of consultant mobilization due to long time for investigation and survey, then projects were delayed. Learning from this experience, this 38

39 project proposes to use domestic fund and hire domestic consultants to produce the technique design for structures because domestic consultants have the capacity and experience to meet requirements and the project can be implemented as soon as the Loan agreement comes into effect. Regarding monitoring and evaluation, a Consultant team will be mobilized to monitor independently during the period of project implementation to evaluate accurately the consistence and achieved results the project has expected. At the same time, internal audit will be implemented during the period of project implementation to ensure the compliance and to resolve issues timely. 2.3 The necessity for the investment of the project Current status of the systems According to the RAP results, the indicators of the system service are described as follows: Table 2. Some indicators of the allocation service of the system (highest score is 4) Indicator Water allocation service Water allocation service from main canal to secondary canal Water allocation service to the field Main canal Regulating works on main canal Water inlet works on main canal Common conditions of main canal Secondary canal Regulating works on secondary canal Water inlet works on secondary canal Common conditions of secondary canal Tertiary canal Regulating works on tertiary canal Water inlet works on tertiary canal Common conditions of tertiary canal South Ma Ke Go Rac River La Nga Truc Kinh Ha Thuong Phu Ninh Khe Tan

40 Indicator South Ma Ke Go Rac River La Nga Truc Kinh Ha Thuong Phu Ninh Khe Tan Other indicators Budget Staff WUA Note: 0: Very bad condition 1: Bad condition 2: Medium condition 3: Good condition 4: Excellent, not need to improve According to the RAP results, the operation of these irrigation systems has been evaluated as follows: The water allocation service from main canal to secondary canal is higher than moderate level (Phu Ninh system for instance because the water resource is relatively adequate and for other systems, the canal length is not high); but the water allocation service to field surface is under the moderate level. The service to field surface should be improved in order to meet the service criteria of irrigation modernization. Main canal: - The regulating and water inlet works maintain at moderate level. However, except Phu Ninh system applies some modern regulating works such as duct bill type spillway, other systems use the traditional works such as open sewer with flat valve gate. The improvement of regulating and water inlet works on main canal towards modernization will contribute to reduce the operation cost and increase the service quality for water allocation. - Regarding the common conditions of main canal, it is at and above the moderate level. On the other hand, according to the main canal task of transmitting water from head works to the lower level water allocation system, the completion of these systems to increase the capacity and efficiency in water transmission should be taken into consideration. - SCADA: Currently, the SCADA system has been installed in the main canal of Ke Go and Phu Ninh systems under the VWRAP project. However, the SCADA hasn t been put into operation. For that reason, we cannot evaluate the efficiency of this system in term of canal operation. Other irrigation systems haven t installed SCADA yet. The installation of SCADA should be taken into consideration in order to enhance the efficiency of irrigation system operation. Secondary canal: - Regulating works of evaluated system are under moderate level. It is very important to improve these works in order to enhance the water regulating 40

41 capacity and efficiency of lower level canals to field surface. Because it will be the decisive factor to define the water allocation efficiency to end users. - Water inlet works of irrigation systems are at moderate level and can ensure the water inlet capacity as per request. The more careful examination is needed for downgraded works in order to increase the efficiency of water allocation. - Regarding to the common conditions of secondary canal, it stays in good conditions. Only a small amount of secondary canals have limited capacity in water transmission and require improvement. The operation road on main canal and other water measurement works at important sites of water regulating should be taken into account for modernization Tertiary canal: The indicators for regulating and water intake gates of the tertiary canal are at low level. This level of canal plays an important role in allocating water because it is the bridge between the system level (Irrigation Infrastructure Management Company) and the end users (cooperatives/wuas). Therefore, its importance for the process of modernizing the irrigation system should be taken into consideration. With the above assessment, the following structural measures should be undertaken to improve the irrigation system: Apply suitable regulating works on main canal. Increase the intensity and types of modern regulating works (long crested dam) on main canal, secondary canal, and tertiary canal. Improve the management and operation road on canals with the highest priority for main canal. Enhance the capacity of water transmission on secondary canal and tertiary canal by reinforcing canal with the priority for tertiary canal. The water measurement works should be installed for distributing water efficiently. Collect, store, and process data efficiently for the canal operation. Optimize the SCADA system In addition to the structural measures, the following non-structural measures should be taken into account to increase the efficiency of operation and water allocation service quality as follows: Apply GIS with different information layers Provide training on technical operation of modern irrigation system Strengthen the capacity in irrigation management company (IMC) Enhance the relations between service provider (Irrigation Infrastructure Management Company) and clients (farmers/cooperatives/wuas) Establish and strengthen the water use organizations in order to enhance the water use efficiency at the field surface. It will contribute to increase the water use efficiency of 41

42 the whole system. The capacity building can be taken under the form of training programs or courses on (i) Irrigation management and operation; (ii) Participatory irrigation management; and (iii) agriculture extensions. On the long term, the improvement of SCADA system by intelligent algorithm should be taken into consideration Safety situation of head reservoirs Regarding to the irrigation system that utilize water from reservoirs, the first and foremost condition is the safety of this reservoir. For that reasons, it is necessary to evaluate the safety conditions of reservoirs and dams within the project areas. The has 9 sub-projects; of which there are 7 sub-projects taking water directly from reservoirs. The head works of some reservoirs have been improved in the previous projects; hence, the safety condition of these reservoirs has been ensured (see the Table 6) and currently, these reservoirs are still in good condition and operate at full capacity. - Reservoir Phu Ninh: Was improved within the project WB1 and project WB3 - Reservoir Khe Tan: Was included to be improving within the project WB5 - Reservoir Ha Thuong: Was improved within the project WB3 - Reservoir Ke Go: Was improved within the project WB3 - Reservoir Rac River: was improved and repaired by the local budget - Reservoir Cua Dat: was invested and constructed by the local budget Within the framework of the, the remaining reservoirs will be improved, of which, there are 03 large reservoirs (more than 15m in height) namely La Nga and Truc Kinh of Quang Tri Province and Vanh lake of Hoa Binh province. The entire reservoirs are smallscale (less than 15m in height) of sub-projects of Hoa Binh Province and Ha Giang Province. These dams were constructed since 1960s and downgraded seriously. Its shape has been deformed which has negative impact on the operational process of the dam and reservoir. For that reason, the repair and improvements of these dams are very important and contributes to increase the operational capacity of this work in providing irrigation water. Table 3. Fundamental indicator of dams and reservoirs of the sub-projects Reservoir Capacity height Improved by Province name (MCM) (m) project Phu Ninh Quang Nam WB1 and WB3 Khe Tan Quang Nam WB5 La Nga Quang Tri Truc Kinh Quang Tri Improved items within Improve the headwork (main dams, auxiliary dams, intake sluice, flood spillway ) Improve the headwork (main 42

43 Reservoir name Ha Thuong Province Capacity (MCM) height (m) Quang Tri Ke Go Ha Tinh Rac River Ha Tinh Cua Dat Thanh Hoa Vanh Hoa Binh Improved by project WB3 has been completed to date WB3 - has been completed to date The dam has been repaired and improved by the local budget Has been invested and constructed by the local budget Improved items within dams, auxiliary dams, intake sluice, and management roads Improve the main dams, intake sluice, spillway and management roads Field survey and community consultation In order to study the practical situation, collect sufficient information as the basis of proposing project activities, understand the potential benefits and risks of the project, the field survey and community consultation have been conducted: - Discuss with representatives of local departments and sectors. - Collect and collate technical data - Conduct field survey - Contact to local management agencies to collect natural disaster, irrigation data of the area - Collect data on population and growth rate. - Perspectives of local authority on socio-economic situation and development planning - Land use mapping - Ideas of local leaders and community on the willingness of receiving the project - Issues related to land reclamation, compensation, and clearance - Summary information of project areas: population structure (population by age and gender), livelihood situation (main source of income: Agriculture, forestry, fishery, aquaculture, trade, service, and other occupations), rural infrastructure: electricity, road, school, and clinic centre. - Assessment on the recommended priorities in the list of improved irrigation infrastructure of the province - The proposed assistance on capacity building in irrigation and drainage management 43

44 of the province - Recommendations on supporting service for the climate-smart agriculture of the province - Preliminarily propose the training content for irrigation and drainage management officials (discussion on the implementation budget) - Data on natural disaster and damages caused by natural disaster as well as the agencies in charge of collecting this data. The information utilization and sharing among sectors and levels involving in natural disaster risk management at the province - Propose contents require the support from climate-smart agriculture - Collect information of project, research, summary, and application on irrigation and drainage improvement that are conducted by Ministries, sectors, organizations (including NGOs and other organizations). For example: irrigation scheme map, drought statistics, irrigation solutions for drought-prone crops, water saving irrigation, etc. - Which activities on irrigation and drainage management are implemented, monitored, and synthesized by provincial authority. - Data on natural disaster and damages caused by natural disaster as well as the agencies in charge of collecting this data. The information utilization and sharing among sectors and levels involving in natural disaster risk management at the province - Irrigation maps. After the field survey and consultation with relevant agencies and community at the local level, the following results have been summarized: - The irrigation for the Central region should be developed for the purposes of agroforestry production structure transition and crop diversification in order to ensure the food security toward the increasing population pressure, adverse climate change, and global crises. In addition, there is an increasing concern on water supply for domestic uses, industry, aquaculture, and tourism services as well as maintenance and improvement of ecological environment and hydropower utilization - The irrigation in the mountainous, remote areas and especially in the extreme difficult areas for water resources should be developed in the combination with social policies to gradually address the issues related to water supply and socio-economic development. The irrigation development will contribute to successfully implement the programs on poverty reduction and hunger elimination, residential resettlement, ethnic minority development, and irrigation development in combination with natural disaster reduction - The efficiency of the project will depend on the following factors: (i) enhance the management and operation capacity of irrigation and drainage system; (ii) increase 44

45 the controlled irrigated areas for climate-smart agriculture development; (iii) provide support to complete the infrastructure and develop irrigation for multi-purposes and new rural development; (iv) promote the assistance for the agricultural services; and (v) increase the social welfare for vulnerable groups and improve the community relations. Table 4. Irrigation and drainage demand in 2011 and estimation to 2020 for the project provinces No. Province Controlled irrigation/drainage area (ha) Areas require the continuous investment on irrigation (ha) 2011 To To Ha Giang / / Phu Tho 31992/ / Hoa Binh / / Thanh Hoa / / Ha Tinh 50300/ / Quang Tri 39223/ / Quang Nam Opportunities to modernize the irrigation system In order to prepare the Feasibility study Report of the project, the rapid assessment tools such as RAP and MASSCOTE have been utilized to evaluate the operation and prepare the modernization plan for the irrigation system. The irrigation system have been evaluated include (1) South Ma system of Thanh Hoa Province; (2) Ke Go system and Rac River in Ha Tinh province; (3) La Nga system, Truc Kinh system, and Ha Thuong system of Quang Nam province; (4) Phu Ninh system and Ke Tan system of Quang Nam Province. Some other indicators of the RAP process for these systems are summarized as follows: Table 5. Some other indicators of RAP Indicator Unit South Ma Ke Go Rac River La Nga Truc Kinh Ha Thuong Phu Ninh Khe Tan Land use coefficient - 2,30 1,98 1,89 1,51 1,37 1,40 1,98 1,98 Irrigation efficiency coefficient of % ,1 45,7 47, ,9 45

46 Indicator Unit South Ma Ke Go Rac River La Nga Truc Kinh Ha Thuong Phu Ninh Khe Tan the whole system Field irrigation efficiency % ,4 58,1 49,8 38,4 52,4 Agricultural value $US/ha Water resources value $US/m3 0, ,132 0,135 0,139 0,092 0,118 Annual irrigated water volume for 1 ha of the system m3/ha Basing on these above indicators, some main points of the project area and the efficiency of the irrigation system have been evaluated as follows: Except the South Ma system of which the land use coefficient is rather high of 2.30, the other systems haven t had as high coefficient as the South Ma and approximate 2.0 (Ke Go, Rac River, Phu Ninh, and Ke Tan). And especially, some systems have the low land use coefficient which is smaller than 1.50 (La Nga, Truc Kinh, and Ha Thuong). For that reason, this is considered as an opportunity to develop the irrigated agriculture by increasing the land use coefficient. Hence, the agriculture output will be increased consequently. Irrigation efficiency of the whole area and field irrigation efficiency. - For the systems which were modernized partly (under the VWRAP Project) such as Phu Ninh, Ke Go, (and even Rac River), these indicators are maintained low level, about 20 30% for the efficiency of the whole area and over 30% for the field irrigation efficiency. Along with the observation during the field survey trip, it is concluded that the capacity of these two systems to meet the water resources demand is very high compared to the water need of crop. If these systems are improved in term of water management efficiency, it will be an opportunity to expand the service supply area of the system and increase the agricultural value as well as the water resources value. - For the South Ma system, these indicators maintained low, over 30%. Different from the partly modernized irrigation system about, the South Ma system has to mobilize 20% of its irrigated water resource from different internal water resources (not from the head pumping stations external water resource). Because the system (head works, water transmission and distribution system) cannot meet the requirements. In addition, these indicators were calculated for the water from external resources. If these indicators were calculated for both external and internal water resources, they would be much lower. In case of expanding the irrigation area, many factors should be taken into account including the other water resources, capacity for water transmission and distribution of the system in order to ensure the water supply capacity of the system. 46

47 - For the remaining system including La Nga, Truc Kinh, and Ha Thuong of Quang Tri province and Khe Tan of Quang Nam Province, which are small-scale irrigation system and have irrigated area over 2,000 ha, these indicators are very high. According to the field survey, the water resources in the project area are not abundant; hence the portion between the demand (calculate for crop) and inlet water of the system (from the operation data), the indicator is high because the water resources is low. The improvement of the water supply resources and the water transmission system should be considered in order to increase the land use coefficient and supply service of the system. The agricultural value of these irrigation system are assessed as rather high compared to other irrigation systems in the world (these figures are suitable to the agricultural production system of Vietnam) However, the water resources maintained low. The enhancement of the irrigation efficiency for improving the water resource value for the project area by apply modernized irrigation system is very feasible. The water used for 1 ha of the system is rather high compared to the average irrigation level of the Central region. For that reason, it is necessary to improve the water management of the irrigation system with an aim to maximize the water benefits and multiple-uses The issues focused of the project The Vietnam Irrigated agriculture improvement project funded by ODA will be an important project within overall socio-economic projects which are set under national oriented socio-economic development, Agriculture, Farmer, and Rural Area policy, sustainable socioeconomic development strategy, National Targeted Program on building a new rural development, Poverty Reduction Program, because project focuses on investment options for poor provinces with difficult production conditions, vulnerably by natural disasters and climate change: Ha Giang, Phu Tho, Hoa Binh, Thanh Hoa, Ha Tinh, Quang Tri, Quang Nam. Since then, a number of key issues to be addressed by the project as followed: a. Institution and policies issues in the management of irrigation systems: To strengthen and improve the management efficiency, improve and strengthen irrigation service quality, ensuring reliable, fair and flexible service, enhancing the participation of water users in the management and water distribution, the project will focus on these issues: i. Improving organization structures, complete management mechanism under orientation of ordered contract to clarify the relationship between the government (side A) with management and exploitation units of irrigation works (side B), to enhance and improve the power and independence of management units and mobilize maximum participation of the beneficiaries. Identifying clearly the roles, 47

48 responsibilities and the rights of each side based on the principle of mutual equality and benefit in accordance with the market mechanism. Improving management capacity for all levels (provincial levels, IMCs and WUOs) through training of management capacity, support to plan and implement working plan, business plan, establishing database systems, application of information technology in management; ii. iii. iv. Improving efficiency of irrigation service through institutionalization and applying standard evaluation system (benchmarking), improving the performance of the IMCs by applying the evaluation criteria of the production results and management tools, institution frameworks to improve the quality of irrigation service, promoting autonomy and self-responsibility of the parties, ensuring irrigation systems operate effectively and sustainably ; Improved water monitoring and control through equipment, strengthen and update database analysis, installation of measurement instrument to monitor water supply for different water users in the system, ensuring to meet the diverse needs and water saving. Establishment and strengthening of water user associations (WUAs) and management transfer to mobilize community participation in effective management of infield irrigation systems. The newly established or strengthened WUAs have been trained the skills management, operation & maintenance, and WUAs operation in accordance with the market mechanism towards economic autonomy. Supporting locals in implementation of decentralized irrigation operation and maintenance to clearly define the scope and responsibility of the WUAs as well as IMCs; v. Support provinces to build and complete a number of regulations and guidelines to create a legal framework to promote the development of participatory irrigation management (PIM), such as: regulations guiding the implementation of decentralization management, irrigation fees, PIM program / development plan in the provinces. b. Upgrading and improving the irrigation system: full investment on irrigation systems which are lack of investment or partly invested in other projects to promote works efficiency in order to achieve the highest economic efficiency, maximizing investment efficiency. Investment on strengthening, improvement and modernization of irrigation works serving multi-purposed objectives: irrigation, aquaculture, water supply, power generation, domestic and industrial water supply, completing infrastructure to improve the life of poor people. Upgrade and improve gravity irrigation and drainage systems and convert from the pumping irrigation to gravity irrigation to reduce operation costs. 48

49 c. Applying advanced science and technology: application of modernization in upgrading and modernization of irrigation systems in terms of works construction and operation of the project, application of scientific and technical solutions, efficiently and sustainably water-saving irrigation. Increased serving efficiency of the irrigation system, improve the quality of services provided by the IMC. The application of scientific irrigation to reduce CO2 emissions from paddy fields causing the greenhouse emission, aiming to lower greenhouse gas emissions by 20% in 2020 according to the Decision No. 3119/QD-BNN- KHCN by MARD in d. Developing large sample field model according to smart and climate adaptation agriculture: In the context of building a new countryside, rural planning associated with field planning, rural infrastructure planning including irrigation systems. The project will study and propose the overall planning, associated land use planning with farming and infield irrigation system improvement planning. From the response of the irrigation infrastructure, actively apply advanced techniques in irrigation for developing innovative models with integrated crop management (ICM), plant diversification model and model of high-value crops. Through the application of scientific irrigation, soil analysis and selection of appropriate seed sources and developing on-site organic fertilizer sources from agricultural waste, using Integrated Pest Management (IPM) to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural production and the negative impact to soil and water, maximizing the efficiency of irrigation agriculture. Besides improving the investment on irrigation systems, supporting manufacturing production, the project will support the information, communication, training, technology transfer to ensure the sustainability of the model. By solving the above problems, the project will also draw the lessons learned and propose adjustments or institutional building to widely apply to the entire region The necessity for investment In recent years, along with the global climate change, the climate extreme and hydrological phenomenon in our country becomes more and more complex and not follows any natural law. Natural disaster occur seriously with abnormal manifestations; especially the increasing of frequency and intensity of flood, storm, and drought. Over the past 20 years, the estimated economic loss due to natural disaster is increasing that proves natural disaster becomes more severe and has significant impacts on socioeconomic development in general and agriculture sector in particular. According to the assessment of the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), Vietnam is one of 5 countries that have the highest vulnerability to climate change. If the sea level rises 1 meter, Vietnam will lose 5% of its natural land, 11% of the population will lose their houses, and 7% of agriculture productivity will be reduced and 10% of 49

50 GDP will be lose. If the sea level rise is at the level of 3 5m, it means a devastate catastrophe will occur to Vietnam The Northern mountainous provinces that have the highest poverty rate of the country located in the upstream of main rivers. These provinces have steep and fragmented terrain. Especially, the deforestation of these provinces becomes more and more serious that cause severe flash flood, mud flood, and landslide in the rainy season as well as water exhaust and drought in dry season. In some areas, the dyke system has been constructed to prevent river flood and inundation in the flood season because the water level at the river side is always higher than in the field side. Although, this region has received the appropriate attention of the Government, the natural and social conditions are one of the reasons cause low living standards and high rate of poor household. It is necessary to provide more investment to reduce the number of poor households, develop sustainably, and ensure the social welfare. The Centre region is a narrow strip of land stretching along the coast and the Truong Son range. This area has complicated topography sloping toward the East Sea and typical climate conditions. Therefore, this region has the strong impacts of natural disaster such as storms, floods, and tropical depressions. Because the plain area is very small, the water volume in flood season is very big and hindered by the irrigation, the inundation level is the serious threat to the community and socio-economic infrastructure in the downstream areas. On the other hand, in dry season, there is water shortage and droughts occur in this region due to its typically climatic conditions. The condition of constructing big water reservoirs for water regulation is limited. In the context that irrigated agriculture has achieved significant progress; there are still many challenges in infrastructure as well as management, operation and maintenance of the irrigation works. In many places, the efficiency of irrigation system is low due to limited and incomprehensive investment as the initial design, in adequate on-farm canals together with old irrigation works which have low standard design, degraded canals, lack of adequate investment in tools, support management and operation equipment that cause waste water. The management and utilization of Irrigation Management Companies (IMCS) still exists many shortcomings such as lack of monitoring and emulation mechanism, overlap in terms of ownership and utilization management, little participation of farmers / water users, which led to low quality, inflexibility, and un-sustainability of irrigation and drainage services. Limited maintenance work due to lack of investment together with the impacts of natural disasters makes the infrastructure system deteriorated seriously, which affects the irrigation service supply In order to adapt to the climate change and response to the extreme climatic phenomenon which have strong impacts on cropping arrangement, plan structure, changes in the form of food consumption and crop production, people are encouraged to diverse cultivation 50

51 methods and apply high-value crop species (e.g. fruit, vegetables) and other crops into production. The water demand for non-agricultural use is on the rise and will certainly grow rapidly in the future along with the process of urbanization and industrialization. The continuously increasing of water demand will cause the conflicts in water use. The implementation of the Vietnam Irrigated Agricultural Improvement Project () will assist the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Provincial Management Agencies in project area to develop the long-term agriculture development scenarios and plans, taking into account the climate change and sea level rise scenarios. The project will also support to implement the National Target Program to Respond to Climate Change; the Strategic Orientation on Development of Water Resources of Vietnam to 2020, the National Strategy on Water Supply and Rural Sanitation to 2020, the Program on Socio-economic Development for mountainous areas to 2020, the National Target Program on New Rural Development, the Program on Farmer, Agriculture, and Rural, etc. 51

52 3. RATIONALE OF THE BANK Currently, irrigation is the main public service, annual irrigation budget accounts for large proportion in the Agriculture and Rural Development sector. In the context of limited domestic investment capital, MARD determine ODA loans to invest in the project. 3.1 The appropriateness of project objectives with donors policies and priorities The goal of the project is to support northern mountainous provinces and the Central in improving irrigation systems to provide better irrigation services for better efficiency of agricultural production in a sustainable way and adapt to climate change, in line with the development of local industries and Vietnam. Improvement of irrigated agriculture Project are investment options in accordance with the Country Partnership Strategy (CPS) of Vietnam by the World Bank for with the basic content such as: (i) increased competitiveness through increased productivity of farmers and land-use efficiency, (ii) enhance sustainability through improving water productivity, and iii) access to economic and social opportunities through improved access to basic services related to water. The overall theme of the CPS include: (i) strengthening governance through enhancing the responsibility of the irrigation services provider, (ii) increase the ability to recover from economic crisis and related to climate through promoting climatesmart agriculture; and (iii) the interest in gender issues and the active participation of men and women in the project activities. The World Bank has extensive experience in supporting programs to develop integrated management of water resources, disaster management in the world and in Vietnam. Vietnam is WB priority in investment options in the area since 2000 for projects such as Irrigation Restoration Project in the Central and Ho Chi Minh City (WB1) completed in 2003; Irrigation Project in the Mekong Delta (WB2) completed in 2007, Irrigation Support Project in Vietnam (WB3) completed in 2012, Natural Disasters Risk Management Project (WB4) ( ); Disaster Management project (WB5) ( ); Irrigation Management project for the development of rural Mekong delta (WB6) ( ). At the last round of VWRAP/WB3 at the end of 11/2012, WB and the delegation from MARD together with the PPC in the project area and involved ministries agreed in project evaluation that the project is actively effective. However, due to lack of funds, project did not complete all items approved in initial investment. To promote efficient investment of the project as well as the results of the project, and to meet the planning strategy and economic development requirements in provinces invested by VWRAP/WB3 project, and other central provinces and the northern mountainous provinces in poor conditions, the World Bank is ready to invested a new project 52

53 inheriting lessons learned of the project VWRAP/WB3 and innovation achievements and from other projects. 3.2 Reasons for selection and donor s advantages In the current context, the Government advocates the ODA loans for socio-economic development of the country, particularly infrastructure development including irrigation works, capacity improvement, and policies development to create sustainable efficiency of investment projects. The improvement of irrigated agriculture is one of the priorities of the Government policy in poverty alleviation and sustainable development according to the National and Millennium action programs. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to have capital while government investment capital is very limited. The Government has mobilized resources in the country and suggested international donors funding to support implementation of these activities. The WB has extensive experiences in providing assistance for agricultural development, poverty reduction in a variety of development activities around the world. Since 1984, the World Bank has funded tens of billions of dollars for worldwide development activities. The countries find the help of the World Bank on agricultural development, poverty reduction, disaster response, prevention and mitigation in various forms, commensurate with ability, context and needs of each country. Vietnam is a priority country of WB for development projects in the past two decades. Through evaluating the results of the VWRAP, poverty alleviation project of the northern mountainous provinces, Policy Development Project on Climate Change... the World Bank and Vietnamese Government have confirmed the potential for WB funding for the further activities in irrigation development strategy for agriculture, adapting to the climate change in Vietnam. At its meeting on Jan 29, 2013 between the World Bank and the Ministry of Planning and Investment on the next agenda, the World Bank agreed to put the on the list getting loans in fiscal year The binding conditions prescribed by the donor and the ability to meet the conditions of the Vietnamese side The rules and policies of the World Bank from the preparation phase to the implementation phase of the project has specific guidelines document printed by the World Bank and widely distributed to agencies for understanding and application. The policies and procedures that the borrower must comply are the requirements in setting up investment projects, environmental, social and resettlement compensation policy, bidding, financing, disbursement as well as counterpart budget commitment. For project loans (ODA), the Government of Vietnam has harmonized procedures, commitment to full implementation of the capital, as well as the conditions for payment and interest principal. This was reflected and well promoted by the ODA funded projects in Vietnam earlier. The procedures and government regulations relating to ODA projects have been 53

54 adjusted towards harmonization with the requirements of the sponsoring organization, promoting the efficiency of the project which is highly evaluated by the donors. The basic policy of the donor (WB) for this project and the ability to meet the constraints from Vietnam side as follows: i. Safety Policy: Sponsor requests funded projects will have to comply with the security policy of resettlement, ethnic minorities and the environment. In projects funded by WB, based on the contingency of Government Regulation on management and use of ODA as well as the existing law relating to land, resettlement, environment management in the country, MARD has done well procedures to meet the social, environmental security policy from donors from the preparation to the implementation stage of the project. For this project, during project preparation, implementation, on the basis of Decree 38/2013/ND-CP dated Apr. 23, 2013 "On the management and use of ODA and concessional loans by donors and the relevant regulations and the drafted policy framework (Compensation Resettlement, Ethnic Minority Development, Environmental Management) project. The draft was technically discussed with the Expert Group prepared from the World Bank and the project was approved. ii. Other policies: - Dam safety policy: in accordance with this policy, the proposed project will comply with the policies investment when upgrading the dams or not but investment in extracting water from the dam / reservoir. This policy outlines the standards for dam safety design and operation procedures, maintenance, planning for emergency preparedness in the downstream of the dam / reservoir. Current regulations for dam safety management in the country (such as Decree 72/2007/ND-CP) and the dam safety activities conducted in the WB3 project, which are being carried out in the project VN-haz/WB5, the proposed project will apply the same policy to ensure compliance with dam safety policies of the World Bank. - Pest Management Policy: agricultural support activities will comply with the policies of the World Bank. This policy is similar to integrated pest management (IPM) of MARD. The project will implement the IPM program in accordance with the Bank's policy. iii. The contingency on bidding procedures, financial management: Through projects funded by WB managed by MARD as well as the revision of the existing regulations towards harmonization, which have confirmed the ability to meet the contingency of the WB. 54

55 3.4 Project rationale Basic issues on irrigation and drainage of project provinces Irrigated Agricultural Improvement Project () will focus its investment on provinces that have difficulties in agriculture production and are vulnerable to natural disaster and climate change such as Ha Giang, Phu Tho, Hoa Binh, Thanh Hoa, Ha Tinh, Quang Tri, and Quang Nam. The project will support the implementation of the national strategy by obtaining the following outcomes: (i) reconstruct the institution and organizational management system; increase the engagement of stakeholders; improve the irrigation and drainage system management methods towards the multi-purpose direction; complete management policies which are consistent to the market mechanism; (ii) upgrade and modernize the irrigation work system which was invested from the Project WB3 and located in difficult provinces in agriculture production; (iii) adopt the approach and advanced science and technologies; develop the high profit field and climate smart agriculture models as well as reduce the greenhouse gas emission; and (vi) support the agriculture development by increasing the diversification and high competitiveness of agriculture products Relevant legal documents Legal framework and documents needed to prepare the feasibility study for the have been collected including: - Memorandum of Understanding of the first World Bank mission for the (from 17-24/5/2012). - Memorandum of Understanding of Project Identification Mission of WB (from 10-21/9/2012). - Memorandum of Understanding of the 1 st Project Preparation Mission of World Bank for the Project (from 16-21/1/2013). - Memorandum of Understanding of the 2 nd Project Preparation Mission of World Bank for the Project (from 16-26/5/2013). - Memorandum of Understanding of the Project Pre-Appraisal Mission of World Bank (from 17-31/7/2013). - National Strategy on Water Resources Development to Project Outline for ODA Investment Projects (World Bank Loan) for the Project Vietnam Irrigated Agriculture Improvement prepared by CPO on February Official letter of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development sent to Ministry of Planning and Investment submitting the Government for the approval of ODA Loan for the Project funded by World Bank on date Official letter of Ministry of Finance sent to Ministry of Planning and Investment on the comments to the Project Outline Vietnam Irrigated Agriculture Improvement 55

56 Project funded by World Bank on date Vietnam Sustainable Development Strategy for the period Decision No. 1489/QD-TTg dated 08/10/2012 of Prime Minister approving the National Target Program on Sustainable Poverty Reduction for the period National Target Program on New Rural Development for the period Investment Project Reports of project provinces for some items of which the investment projects have been established. - Approval document of Ministries, provinces for these above investment projects Relevant laws, standards, and norms - Law on Water Resources No. 17/2012/QH13 of the Congress of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. - Decree No. 179/1999/ND-CP of the Vietnamese Government promulgating the execution of the Law on Water Resources. - Ordinance on Irrigation works utilization and protection No. 32/2001/ Annex Hydrological Committee of the National Assembly - QCVN 04-01:2010/BNNPTNT Component 1nd content to prepare the investment project and report and the technical economic report for water resources project. - QCVN 04-05:2012/BNNPTNT National technical standards and norms - Irrigation works Key regulations on design. - Vietnam Standard TCVN 8477:2010 Irrigation works - Requirements on the components, quantity of the geology survey during the design project preparation process. - Vietnam Standard TCVN 8478:2010 Irrigation works - Requirements on the components, quantity of the topography survey during the design project preparation process. - Vietnam Standard TCVN 8213:2009 Calculate and assess the economic efficiency of water resources project for irrigation and drainage; - Vietnam Standard TCVN 9169:2012 Irrigation works - Irrigation and drainage system Process of drip drop irrigation; - Vietnam Standard TCVN 9151:2012 Irrigation works Hydraulic calculation process for underneath sluices; - Vietnam Standard TCVN 4253:2012 Irrigation works Foundation of water constructional works Design requirements; - Vietnam Standard TCVN 8423:2010 Irrigation works Irrigation and drainage pumping station - Design requirements of water constructional works; - Vietnam Standard TCVN 8216:2009 Irrigation works Design for earth work dam - Decree 16/2005/QD-CP dated 07/02/2005 of the Vietnamese Government 56

57 promulgating the regulations on management, investment, and construction - Decree 112 of the Vietnamese Government on the amend and supplement some articles of Decree 16/2005/ND-CP on management of construction projects - Decision No. 48/2008/QD- TTg dated 003/04/2008 of Prime Minister promulgating the general guidance on preparation of feasibility study reports for projects using official development assistance (ODA) of 5 Bank Group. - Decree No. 131/2006/ND-CP dated November 9, 2006 on the Management and Utilization of Official Development Assistance; - Circular No. 65/2009/TT-BNNPTNT dated October 12, 2009, of MARD guiding the operation, decentralized management and exploitation of irrigation works. Circular No. 56/2010/TT-BNNPTNT dated 01 October 2010 of MARD promulgating the operation activities of irrigation work management and utilization organizations. - Related norms and standards. 4. PROJECT OBJECTIVES 4.1 The overall objective of the project The project aims to support the sustainable development of rural agriculture, adaptation to climate change, improve competitiveness and increase the value of irrigated agricultural production under the National Target Program to build new countryside and Restructuring Scheme for agriculture in some northern mountainous provinces and the Central in difficult economic conditions with slow pace of development. 4.2 The specific objectives of the project - To improve the institutional setup in water resources management of project provinces in order to enhance the management efficiency and irrigation drainage service supply; - To complete, improve, and modernize the irrigation drainage systems of project provinces and infrastructure to ensure the sustainability of the works and make full use of the work capacity as initial design; - Transfer the agricultural practices of the project provinces towards intensification, crop structure shift, crop diversification, and climate change in order to ensure the sustainability of the agriculture sector, increase the agricultural product value, and increase the income for farmers; - Enhance the capacity in terms of project management and implementation, socioenvironmental management of the project components in water resources management and agricultural production. 57

58 5. PROJECT DESCRIPTION: DESIGN, RESOURCES, AND OUTCOMES 5.1 Overall Description Irrigated Agricultural Improvement Project () has been implemented based on the proposal of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development and the agreement between Ministry of Planning and Investment and World Bank (WB). This project will support some Northern mountainous and Central coastal provinces to improve the irrigation system in order to provide better irrigation and drainage services, enhance the agricultural production efficiency in a sustainable manner, adapt to climate change, and improve the environment, people s livelihood, and living standards. The project budget is proposed with the total value of 210 million USD (of which, 180 million USD is ODA Loan of World Bank and 30 million USD is the Government counter budget). The project duration is 6 years from 2014 to The project area is 7 provinces, namely 3 Northern mountainous provinces of Ha Giang, Hoa Binh, Phu Tho, and 4 Central provinces of Thanh Hoa, Ha Tinh, Quang Tri, and Quang Nam. Project components In order to achieve the above objectives, the project will apply the climate-smart agriculture approach for different eco-systems; use the land resources in a flexible and diverse manner; increase the efficiency of water use; and reduce the adverse impacts to the environment. The project has been designed with 04 supporting components which have close inter-connection. Moreover, the project will be implemented under the systematic combination between structural and non-structural measures in order to obtain the project objectives with the highest effectiveness. There are 04 components designed in this project with the following content, main activities, and resources allocation, namely: (1) Component 1: Improved Irrigation Water Management (Estimated cost: 10 million U.S. $) This Component aims to improve the operational quality of the irrigation system through enhancing institutional capacity and policy in modern irrigation system management according to the market trend. The particular contents are as follows: (i) Improve organizational models, complete the mechanism of irrigation facility management at provincial level in accordance with ordering mechanism to apply the ordering contract method with the irrigation management companies (IMCs), and apply the competitive bidding method in irrigation management and exploitation. Promote the water supply due to services, design plan O & M and asset management, and support the future province s sectorial strategy. 58

59 (ii) Support the capacity improvement of WUA and IMCs by training and strengthening institutional capacity to meet the needs of applying new management model due to services and other issues related to irrigation modernization. In this component, each IMC and WUO make comprehensive support includes improving management capacity of the staff; management and operational equipment provide knowledge on financial management, and plans designing. IMC will be supported with investment and using SCADA system at the important water adjustment works in irrigation systems, building database management systems, assets, customers, support for plan design, implementation and supervision, assessing the implementation as well as the satisfaction of the beneficiaries... (iii) Establish and strengthen Water Use Associations (WUAs) with full legal status,; promote the community role in the management of farming irrigation systems, operate according to market mechanisms, apply the smart agriculture model and modern irrigation technology and scientific achievements; support localities in implementation of division in irrigation work management and exploitation, address clearly the scope and responsibilities of WUAs in management of small irrigation works and farming channel system in large systems managed by the company; (iv) Make support to provinces in building, completing a number of regulations and guidelines to establish a legal framework of promoting irrigation management (PIM), such as regulations and guidelines on division of management, regulation of irrigation fee, program / plans for PIM development in the provinces. (v) Support MARD to review, adjust and expropriate legal documents for sending guidelines to improve organization model, management mechanism of irrigation works and irrigation services due to market mechanism in sectorial restructure of the Ministry; improve the institutional capacity and policies of the staffs, complete and develop cooperation in management and exploitation of irrigation works. The scope of this component spreads over the provinces of the projects and these provinces will be supported in improving institutional capacity, policies and modern infrastructure in management and exploitation of irrigation systems. At least 1 or 2 provinces representing the 2 regions of projects (North and Centre) will be supported to complete service supply due to order mechanism which will be the base for spreading over the other province in the country. For other provinces, the activities will be taken based on their particular conditions and concentrate on making support DARD and IMC to design and implement 5 year plan and investment for modernizing agriculture with irrigation system, annually establish and improve organizations and new management transfer. 59

60 (2) Component 2: Irrigation and Drainage Scheme Level Improvements (estimated cost: 170 million U.S. $) The main objectives of the Component are to ensure the full capacity of uncompleted irrigation and drainage systems in the project provinces, ensure the sustainability of irrigation works against the disaster risks, and reduce the O&M cost. The investment to complete these irrigation systems will make full use of investment efficiency. The Component activities include: (i) Complete the irrigation systems that are inefficiency and inconsistent including the regulating, intake, and canals. (ii) Improve and supplement with regulating works in a modernized manner. (iii) Improve the head dams, reservoirs, and weirs for ensuring the safety (iv) Construct the canal system to transfer the some parts of pumping irrigation areas to gravity irrigation area; (v) Construct and improve the small sale water reservoirs for rural communities in the Northern mountainous provinces (vi) Develop the drainage pumping system to increase the efficiency use of agricultural land (vii) Develop the on-farm irrigation and drainage system for the development of climate smart agriculture models (3) Component 3: Support Services for Climate Smart Agricultural Practices (estimated cost: U.S. $ 23 million). The main objectives of this Component are to support the agricultural production model with high yield, sustainable climate change adaptation basing on the improved irrigation system. The main activities of this Component are: - Enhance the capacity for government staff from the central to local level and WUAs on climate change and climate smart agriculture practices - Support the WUAs to prepare and implement the agriculture development plans utilizing the participatory and integrated approach. The plans will identify the farmers requirements in order to receive the supports from the project including (i) small scale infrastructure (drying ground); (ii) small tools and devices (for example: water vessels, grass-cutting machines, small capacity earth working machine, seeding machine, transplanting machine), (iii) qualified seed production, and (iv)working places and equipment for preliminary processing and restoring after harvesting - Support the field demonstration and replicate the agricultural best practices (such as ICM, IPM, SRI); replicate the water saving irrigation system including the important input materials of field demonstration in order to encourage farmers to apply new techniques such as organic fertilizer, bio-fertilizer, seedling selection and processing, bio-pesticide, micro nutrients, etc. 60

61 - Experiment soil on separate farms and releasing quality certificate to secure the fertilizer optimal content, reduce to use fertilizer to decrease cost and environmental pollution. This service can be provided with on-hand experimental equipment. Mapping diversify plants with types of soil, statistic of weather and irrigating condition, in order to specify the possible areas for diversifying plants within the project; - Level the farm surface. The WUA s selected large areas can be applied with laser on purpose of the huge farmland patterns using water-saving system; - Introduce new post-harvesting technology for fruiters (orange), sugarcane vegetables with technique support from Institutes and universities; - Promote CSA activities by using mass media, including warning fertilizer pesticide usage based on demand and weather forecast; - Transfer farm pattern and on-farm irrigation system; - Through designing patterns to summaries, asses and propose to the Ministry and local authorities in order to make policies, technique guidance for planning, designing and investing for complete field irrigation system to the field and modernizing the irrigation system. Making agricultural production gradually transform into mechanization, modernization, effective and stable water usage in the context of climate change. - Develop a knowledge management system on agricultural production in climate change inside the Department of Cultivation. The current knowledge system will be upgraded with information, knowledge and linked to the Information Dissemination System of MARD. (4) Component 4: Project Management, Monitoring and Evaluation (Estimated cost 7 million USD) This Component aims to support the project management and implementation as well as the capacity enhancement for project management agencies of MARD and 7 project provinces. It also aims to ensure the efficiency and complies with the national investment management regulation and donor s regulations. The project will support the following activities: (i) Project management and implementation cost; (ii) Equipment procurement for project management including the office equipment and transportation means; (iii) Consultants on Technical Assistance, M&E, Auditing, Internal Monitoring on Environment and Resettlement, Monitor on Construction. (iv) Organize workshops, meetings, training courses for capacity building on project management and implementation 61

62 5.2 Project scale Investment scale analysis Presently, the agriculture production value still accounts for a large proportion of Vietnam s economy. However, agriculture is assessed as one of the most vulnerable sectors to climate change. In addition, annually, natural disaster is the direct factor that hindered the sustainable socio-economic development and increased the hunger and poverty. Natural disaster reduction and climate change response are top priorities of Vietnamese Government. The measures of improving and completing irrigation works and enhancing the management capacity for the irrigation system to better cope with climate change and reduce the damages caused by natural disaster are appropriate and suitable to the current situation of Vietnam. Recognizing the importance of disaster reduction and climate change response, Vietnamese Government assigned MARD to implement the Vietnam Water Resources Assistance Project (WB3) VWRAP which was initiated in 2004 and ended in The main objectives of this project are: (i) foster agricultural diversification and gains in productivity through irrigation system modernization, and thereby raise farm household incomes and reduce rural poverty; (ii) establish effective systems of dam safety management and lower the risks associated with dams; and (iii) promote the environmentally sustainable development and management of water resources in the Thu Bon River Basin In the final monitor and evaluation report for the Project WB3 conducted in November 2012, the missions containing representatives of World Bank, MARD, and PPC of provinces in project area, and relevant ministries and departments reached the high consensus that the project has brought into play its effective outcomes. However, due to limited capital, the Project WB3 cannot fully complete its components which were approved in the initial investment decision. In order to comprehensively bring into play the investment efficiency of the project, meet the requirements of the Strategy, socioeconomic development planning of provinces that received the assistance of the Project WB3, and lay the foundation for the Northern mountainous provinces to develop its economy, the World Bank is willing to invest to expand the above project by formulating a new project. The new project has been created in line with the new Vietnamese Government priority for re-constructing the agriculture sector with high focus on increasing the effectiveness of public spending, enhancing the climate change resilience, improving the irrigation and drainage services, providing additional consultation services, strengthening the institutional capacity and sustainably developing the water resources. On that basis, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) coordinated closely with World Bank (WB) to formulate the project Vietnam Irrigated Agriculture Improvement. This project is estimated to use the IDA loan of World Bank for the 2014 fiscal year in 2012; the World Bank collaborated with MARD to conduct three missions 62

63 to formulate the project in May and October 2012, and January Both has preliminary agreed on the project objectives, content, scope, total investment as well as the implementation plan. Based on that, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development has prepared the Project Outline to submit to Government for approval the project and allow implementing the project in the fiscal year of Ministry of Planning and Investment also agreed to include this project to the List of projects funded by World Bank in the fiscal year of Vietnam Irrigated Agricultural Improvement Project VIAI will support some Northern mountainous and Central coastal provinces to improve irrigation and drainage system in order to provide better irrigation and drainage services, contributes to improve the agricultural production efficiency in a sustainable manner, enhance the environment and livelihood, and increase the living standards of community. This project will apply the result-based approach to achieve the following results: (i) increase the service accessibility through improving the organization structure and management mechanism for financial management, and monitoring and evaluation; (ii) increase the productivity and profitability of irrigated agriculture and related agricultural production activities; (iii) improve the irrigation and drainage system; (iv) mobilize the participatory of community in irrigation management. Therefore, to improve the irrigated agriculture, the combination of both structural and non-structural measures is required. The non-structural measures implemented in the project are (1) Improved Irrigation Water Management (Component 1) in order to reform the organizational structure and management mechanism model towards mobilizing maximum participation of different economic sectors and beneficiaries in accordance with the regional market mechanism. Clarify the roles, responsibilities, and benefits of IMCs, WUAs and/or individual water users on the principles: equality, fairness, and mutual benefit in order to ensure the sustainable development; Improve the livelihood of rural community by disseminating the Participatory Irrigation Management (PIM); basing on that, the community is active in preparing the O&M plan as well as managing the irrigation works efficiently to increase the irrigated area and crop productivity; Enhance the public transparency and strengthen the inspection, monitoring, and evaluation of water service quality based on the contingency of the state regulations on irrigation work management and utilization. These above results can be achieved by applying the evaluation standard criteria (benchmarking), periodically rapid assessment (RAP) and developing operation evaluation criteria set of IMCs which meet the requirements of water users. (2) Increase the productivity and profitability of irrigated agriculture and related agricultural production activities. Focus on integrated issues in agriculture and water resources management to obtain the maximum benefit from irrigation investment. In addition to the non-structural measures, the structural measures are also applied to obtain the project objectives. In the component of improving and modernizing the 63

64 irrigation and drainage system, the investment on construction and technology accounts for the largest portion of the project. This component will concentrate on upgrading and modernizing the infrastructure namely: irrigation system from head work, main canal to secondary and tertiary canals and on-farm canals; main drainage system and on-farm drainage; small scale investment for other water supplying items such as fresh water, small hydropower; install devices and equipment for water supply operation and allocation to monitor and regulate the water to different water use groups. The main drainage system and on-farm drainage.will support the Government in implementing the structural measures as proposing in the Action plan for the implementation of the National Strategy for Natural Disaster Prevention, Response, and Mitigation to The result-based approach will be applied to identify and prioritize the investment project in selected areas in the Northern mountainous and central coastal provinces of Vietnam. The structural measures will reduce the natural disaster risks such as flood, storm, and drought, etc. and contribute to increase the agriculture productivity and yield. Along with the above measures, during the project implementation and management, the capacity of Project Management Unit at central and provincial levels will be enhanced by equipping the modern management technology (computers, management programs, office equipment, and means of transportation, etc.) and providing professional and foreign language training for project management staff. In addition, the aspects of environmental management, resettlement, and project monitor and evaluation will be improved in terms of human resources, competency, and management technology. Therefore, the implementation of the Irrigated Agricultural Improvement for the Northern mountainous and Central coastal provinces is essential and will contribute to accelerate the implementation of the National Strategy for Natural Disaster Prevention, Response, and Mitigation as well as the other target programs on poverty reduction and new rural development of the Government Investment approaches The project will seek effective methods apply the climate-smart agriculture approach in different eco-systems; support to use land in a more diverse, flexible manner; increase the efficiency in water use; and reduce the adverse impacts to the environment. Based on the results of the rapid assessment plan (RAP) and integrated assessment (MASCOTE, etc.), the current status of the system will be assessed comprehensively from the current situation of the works to the management, operation, and capacity of IMCs, WUAs. Based on that assessment, the orientation and modernization plans will be developed in order to improve the service quality, irrigation efficiency, organizational reform, institutional arrangements, and capacity building. In addition, mobilize the active participation of stakeholders in managing the system; propose the construction items to 64

65 bring into play the efficiency of capital use. This approach requires the comprehensive investment to completing irrigation and drainage system from the head work to the field. Within a system, the project will support to strengthen the water resources management measures; provide institutional assistance (such as reform the operation model of IMC, service contract, management equipment under the Component 1); invest on works and construction items of the irrigation and drainage system (such as upgrade and improve the water reservoirs; modernize the canal system from the main canal to on-farm canal; construct the drainage pumping stations to reduce the flood risks, under the Component 2); develop and improve the sub-project; conduct the integration among sub-projects on system investment and climate-smart agriculture services; these investment will be supplemented by integrating the construction investment for the bigger field models under the Component 3 into the irrigated area under the Component 2; strengthen the project management and implementation capacity, socio-environmental management under the Component Project scale and components (1) Component 1: Improved Irrigation Water Management The main objective of this Component is increasing the service accessibility through improving the organization structure and management mechanism for financial management, and monitoring and evaluation. This component will support the institutionalization; complete the organizational model, policy framework on irrigation and drainage system; enhance the management efficiency of IMCs, IMEs, and WUAs; and support the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development in sector reconstruction. The main activities of this component will focus on: - Complete and institutionalize the organizational structure and policy framework of the irrigation and drainage management system: Develop the solutions to renovate the organizational structure, improve the management mechanism in irrigation and drainage service supply at the provincial level; develop and complete the decentralization regulation for management and utilization of irrigation works in the project area of the province; review, develop, and complete the technical economic targets for management and utilization of irrigation works in the project area of the province; develop evaluation criteria set to assess the efficiency and operation results. The results of the evaluation will be used by IMC to liquidate the order contract; develop the regulations for order contract and evaluation criteria in order to liquidate the contract with IMCs and WUAs. - Develop and operate 1 or 2 pilot models applying order contract for irrigation and drainage service: increase the accountability (in term of service supply plans, finance, personnel, etc.) for irrigation companies (for Water Resource Technique and Construction One Member Limited Liability Companies); increase the transparent in 65

66 the relations of Government, enterprises, and beneficiaries; increase the inspection and monitor of government agencies and community. - Each sub-project will establish/reinforce 8 to 10 water use associations (WUAs) that have sufficient legal entity and management capacity. The establishment/reinforcement aim at gradually transfer the function of management, operation, and maintenance of the small scale irrigation work. WUAs are bridge between IMC and community in managing comprehensively the consistently the system from the headwork to the field. It will also contribute to improve the water supply service. It is very important to promoting the involvement of the community in managing and utilizing the irrigation works in order to enhance the management efficiency and sustainability of the irrigation works. The community will fully participate in the activities from the very beginning in the large field model of the project. WUAs activities will support actively the climate smart agriculture practices. - Invest on equipment and management tools purchase: Develop the GIS based database to manage the current situation and profile of works within the irrigation system; develop the GIS based database to manage property, finance, plans, labor, and clients of IMCs; install the SCADA system; manage the means of transportation, working offices, office equipment and management tools, and management software. - Provide training and capacity building on institutional and management to irrigation and drainage management board, service system management board, IMCs, and WUAs: Provide training and capacity building on institutions, policies, and specialized professions on management and utilization of irrigation works which ware consistent to the new organizational management structure; provide training and capacity building on enterprise management in order to enhance the activeness of IMCs as well as the participation to the irrigation management of WUAs. - Support Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development to review, supplement, and amend the organizational mechanism and policies: Amend, supplement, and direct the operational arrangement and management decentralization; utilize the irrigation works; amend, supplement, and regulate some contents on operation of irrigation work management and utilization organizations; issue the Decision of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development; provide guidance to assess the efficiency of irrigation work management. (2) Component 2: Irrigation and Drainage Scheme Level Improvements The main objectives of this Component are: strengthen the serving capacity of the system in a fair, flexible, and timely manner. All the activities within this Component aim to increase the efficiency of water use and water allocation of the system. The structural measures will be applied to upgrade, complete, and modernize the irrigation and drainage system. Review the prioritized investment by selecting investment sub-projects according to the required selection criteria. Conduct the integration of investment sub-projects into 66

67 provincial socio-economic development plan and provincial natural disaster prevention, response, and mitigation plan. The main activities of this component will focus on: - Improve and complete the irrigation and drainage system of 9 sub-projects in 7 provinces: ensure the water supply and drainage for 83,425 ha controlled irrigated area; develop, complete, and improve the multipurpose water supply system: irrigation, domestic use, husbandry of households. - Develop the field model and on-farm irrigation system for climate smart agriculture production. - Invest in equipment and management tools: Management tools, observation equipment, measurement devices, data collection for water supply operation and allocation will be installed and transferred to irrigation and drainage system management unit (3) Component 3: Support Services for Climate-Smart Agricultural Practices The main objective of this Component is mainstreaming and constructing model areas for improved irrigation system under Component 2 in order to increase the agriculture productivity and yield. Within the irrigation and drainage system which are invested to improve under Component 2, some pilot models on climate-smart agriculture will be developed. These models will be utilized for studying, training, transferring, and supporting the community. On the other hand, the results from the pilot sites will be the foundation to support the Government and local authorities in developing the policies, standard systems, norms. All these will be utilized to assist the activities of planning, design, investment, and development of suitable on-farm irrigation system. This system will contribute to complete the irrigation system from the head works to the field, towards the irrigation modernization and gradually transfer from manual agriculture production to automatic and modern agriculture. In addition, it will contribute to utilize the water resources efficiently and sustainably in the climate conditions. - Improve the irrigation and drainage service (in terms of infrastructure and management) - Improve the agriculture supporting service in order to enhance the value of agriculture products. - Manage and protect land resources; and - Access the advanced agricultural technologies and develop agricultural production - Complete the institutions, policies, and technical guidelines on on-farm irrigation with an aim to develop agriculture sector. (4) Component 4: Project Management, Monitoring and Evaluation This component will support the project management and implementation activities as well as the capacity enhancement for management agencies of MARD and 7 project 67

68 provinces. It also aims to ensure the efficiency and complies with the national investment management regulation and donor s regulations. The project will support the following activities: i. Project management and implementation cost including incremental cost ii. Equipment procurement for project management including the office equipment and transportation means; iii. Consultants on Technical Assistance, M&E, Auditing, Internal Monitoring on Environment and Resettlement, Monitor on Construction. iv. Organize workshops, meetings, training courses for capacity enhancement on project management and implementation Inter-relations among the project components In order to obtain the objectives and expected outcomes of the project, the 4 above components with main content were designed to have strong inter-connection and systematically mutual support function. With the result-based approach, the activities of the 4 components will utilize effectively the project capital in order to obtain the project objectives. The modernization of irrigation system will apply the rapid assessment approach. The current situation of the system will be assessed according to the service criteria. Therefore, whole system will be evaluated comprehensively in terms of current status, management, operation, capacity of IMCs and WUAs. On that basis, the modernization orientation and action plan will be developed to enhance the service quality, irrigation efficiency, organizational reform, institutional and management capacity as well as mobilize the participation of stakeholders in managing the system. For that reason, the project will support the water resource management measures such as training, capacity building for IMCs, equipment purchase for management, etc. under the Component 1; construct irrigation works and complete the canal system from the main canals to on-farm canal under the Component 2; integrate irrigated agriculture improvement sub-projects into the local socio-economic development programs and plans such as the new rural development, canal reinforcement program; promote the climate-smart agriculture such as developing the bigger field model in order to replicate the soil improvement and land preservation measures, etc. under the Component 3; enhance the project management and implementation capacity, socio-environmental protection under the Component 4. Therefore, with these above impacts, the project components will maximize the project investment efficiency, particularly the Component 2 Irrigation and Drainage Scheme Level Improvements and the Component 3 - Support Services for Climate Smart Agricultural Practices. In addition, with the combination to other projects at the locality, the project effectiveness and sustainability will be increased significantly 68

69 5.2.5 Geographical location of the project area Basic factors for project area selection Regarding the population characteristics, the Northern mountainous areas inhabited by 30 ethnic groups mostly concentrate in rural areas, while The Central part has 25 different ethnic groups concentrate in regions along the Truong Son Mountain. The project area is located in three regions which account for over two-thirds of Vietnam's poor, including Northern mountainous region, the Central Coast region and the Mekong Delta region. In comparison with the overall poverty rate of the country is 12.6%, such ratio of the Northern mountainous region is 26.7%, as the highest ratio nationwide, while the rate of Central region is 18.5%, a high percentage. In the economic structure of both areas, agriculture, forestry, fisheries still account for a large share of more than 50%, specifically, in the Northern mountainous region, the ratio is 52.6%, and in the central region, the ratio is 63.8%. The lowest per capita income of the country is Northern mountainous region and central region with 740,900 VND and 902,000 VND 1 respectively. Thus, the natural and socio-economic characteristics of the project area indicates that such regions have the most disadvantages of living condition in the country, inhabited by the poor and many ethnic minorities, and its economy mainly based on agriculture with low-income Analysis of natural and socio-economic conditions Natural conditions Although both regions are hilly, the Northern mountainous region is landlocked while the Central region includes the coastal plain. Such hilly terrains are characterized with many rivers, the canyons; slopes interfered with the production and transportation of people. Due to heavy rain and strong slopes, the mountains is where natural disaster such as floods, flash floods, erosion, landslides originated and caused large damage for people and property. Another common characteristic of both regions is less plain areas and such land is not fertile. As comparison, the average agricultural land in the country accounted for 30.6% of the natural area, while the Northern mountainous region and central region s rate is 16.5% to 19.3% respectively, considered as the lowest agricultural land in the country 2. Due to the uneven rainfall distribution overtime, floods and droughts often occur here. The natural characteristics have caused many difficulties for agriculture and rural development in such province in the project area. 1 General Statistic Office, General Statistics Office,

70 Socio-economic conditions The economy of the Centre plays a focal role of the region that has many advantages in strategic positions including human resources, 17 seaports, 15 economic zones and 22 industrial parks and 2 export processing zones, 8 airports, 2 trans-vietnam highways, East-West economic corridor and the projects of billion dollars. However, at present, such potentials have not been explored and become economic advantages when the province s advantages do not become the master plan but production turns out to be fragmented and spontaneous. The deep-sea port of Chan May, Da Nang, Ha and Dung Quat States is not operated at maximum capacity. Domestic and international business has not focused to invest in industrial and Export Processing Zones. In areas where deepsea port project and the Dung Quat Industrial Zone were established, key economic region extends from Lien Chieu (Quang Nam - Da Nang) to Dung Quat (Quang Ngai), the development axis of tourism and industry along the coast from Da Nang to Dung Quat with urban development chain stretching along the coast, including Hue, Da Nang, Hoi An, Tam Ky, Quang Ngai, Quy Nhon and the large economic areas such as Chan May - Lang Co, Chu Lai, Dung Quat and Nhon Hoi. Moreover, deep-sea port project and Chan May commercial industrial tourism park and deep-sea port project and Nhon Hoi Economic Zone also led to the expansion of key economic region towards the South to Binh Dinh. Figure 5 : Location of Project provinces 70

71 The Northern mountainous provinces do not have the advantage of transportation and the good conditions for economic development as the central region. These provinces have no coastal line and the economy is based mainly on agriculture, industry while the service is underdeveloped. Province Table 6. Economic conditions of project provinces in 2011 Average GDP per capita (USD) GDP growth rate (%) Portion of agro-forestry and fishery (%) Portion of industry construction (%) Portion of service (%) Ha Giang ,3 32,12 28,18 37,9 Phu Tho ,4 25,1 39,8 35,1 Hoa Binh 636,4 10,2 34,6 32,2 33,2 Thanh Hoa ,3 23,8 41,8 34,4 Ha Tinh 780 9,6 62,0 38,0 Quang Tri ,6 28,4 35,8 35,8 Quang Nam ,2 21,0 41,0 39,0 Source: Statistical Year Book 2011 The project provinces have different type of nature land, Thanh Hoa ( thousand ha) and Quang Nam ( thousand ha) are two largest area. Phu Tho and Quang Tri are the smallest (respectively and thousand ha). Thanh Hoa also has an area of outstanding agricultural land (approximately 250 thousand ha) which is approximately 3.5 times bigger than Quang Tri, Phu Tho. Thanh Hoa and Quang Nam province have largest forestry area. Table 7. Land structure of project provinces Project province Total area Agriculture production area Forestry area Special purpose area Housing area Coastal area (thousand (thousand (thousand (thousand (thousand ha) ha) ha) ha) ha) km Ha Giang Phu Tho Hoa Binh Thanh Hoa Ha Tinh Quang Tri Quang Nam Total Source: GSO. Statistical Year Book, Land Use: Within project area, agricultural land accounts for about 17%, the rest is forest land (about 57%), agricultural and forest land and unused land decrease due to conversion of land use purpose to build transportation works, irrigation, hydropower, urban and plants, factories. - Infrastructure: In the cities, towns, infrastructure is quite good. In rural areas, infrastructure is poor, especially the rural roads do not meet the traffic requirements, rescues activities when having heavy rains or flooding. Public 71

72 works at communal level are quite small. - Economic status and structure: economy of project area grows at in moderate level (8.4% / year); agriculture - forestry-fishery increase by 5.29% / year, however, this area has so many difficulties, agriculture, forestry, fisheries still account for a large proportion (37.8%) with 80% of people living by farming. Rural workers are lack of jobs, low-income, hard life. - Agriculture and hydroponics: Main types of agriculture mainly include rice, seasonal flowers, aquaculture and fisheries; depend primarily on natural, so crop failure usually occurs or significant damages caused by floods, storms - Irrigation system: most are small, downgraded irrigation system which cannot meet the real requirements - Population: The population of the Central Province are 18,835,154 people (Year 2009), in which the population of the eastern provinces are: Thanh Hoa - 3,400,595 people, the lowest is Quang Tri people. Table 8. Population of project provinces in 2011 No. Province Population 2011 Man Woman Total 1 Ha Giang 372, , ,300 2 Phu Tho 654, ,741 1,326,000 3 Hoa Binh 396, , ,800 4 Thanh Hoa 1,686,449 1,726,151 3,412,600 5 Ha Tinh 607, ,229,300 6 Quang Tri 299, ,700 7 Quang Nam 701, ,435,000 Source: GSO. General Population Census 2011 Average income per capita at current prices of the Central Region has increased significantly, with 3.18 times for the period However, that increase is much lower than the increase in the standard of living of the rural areas throughout the country: 4.42 times during the same period. In the structure of per capita income of the region, wage rate is 33.2%, from agriculture, forestry and fishery-26, 4%, from non-agriculture- 20, 2% from other sources-20.2%. Table 9. Average income per capita at current price (Thousand VND) WHOLE COUNTRY Urban rural classification Urban Rural Regional classification Red River Delta

73 Northeast Northwest North Centre Coastal South Centre Source: Statistical Yearbook of Agriculture and Rural Development Information Centre Institute of Policy and Strategy for Agriculture and Rural Development - Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development - Ethnic Minority Groups: In the project area, there are 25 ethnic minorities, such as Thai, Muong, Tay, H'mong, Bru Van Kieu living in the Truong Son, Cham of Quang Nam, Hmong, Dao, Lo Lo living in Ha Giang. The uneven distribution of ethnic groups happens from east to west, from north to south. Kinh people mainly in the coastal delta - Cultural Heritage and Natural conditions: in the project area, there are several cultural heritages such as Global Geoparks Dong Van stone plateau, My Son sanctuary, and Hoi An ancient town - Public Health: Rural Health in the provinces of the project area is not well equipped. Diseases and environmental pollution usually occurs after flooding caused by backward toilet in rural areas. During and after floods or storms, floods swept the waste water from the toilet causing diseases and environmental pollution. From the Year 2004, animal disease, avian almost happens every year Project provinces The project will focus on the Northern mountainous provinces that have difficulties in development and Central coastal provinces that have high vulnerability for natural disaster and climate change namely: Phu Tho, Hoa Binh, Ha Giang, Thanh Hoa, Ha Tinh, Quang Nam and Quang Tri. These above provinces are selected based on the appropriateness in terms of upgrading and developing irrigated agriculture, irrigation system, and climate smart agriculture practices. In addition, these provinces have high potentials in improving and diversifying the agriculture production as well as the willingness of local authorities in promoting participatory irrigation management. These provinces have accounted the majority of project area and adequate water resources (Thanh Hoa province has the largest irrigated area lies outside the Mekong River Delta system). Other provinces have been chosen to continuously promote the achieved outcomes of the WB3 project; and the Northern mountainous provinces are represented for the less developed regions due to poor infrastructure and low standard of living Two investment phases 73

74 The investment for these sub-projects under Component 2 will be divided into 2 phases3: Phase 1: Within this period, basing on the priority level of the sub-projects and the availability of design and report on safeguard policy, the investment priority will be considered. The total sub-projects implemented within the first phase will not exceed 30% of the total budget of the project. The World Bank Mission has reviewed and proposed the following subprojects for the first phase namely: Phu Ninh - Khe Tan irrigation and drainage scheme in Quang Nam province (Sub-project 9), South Ma irrigation and drainage scheme in Thanh Hoa province (sub-project 6) and Small scale irrigation and drainage schemes in Hoa Binh province (sub-project 4) Table 10. Sub-projects implementing in Phase 1 Sub-project Province System Area (ha) South Ma irrigation and drainage scheme in Thanh Hoa province (sub-project 6) Phu Ninh - Khe Tan irrigation and drainage scheme in Quang Nam province (sub-project 9) Small scale irrigation and drainage schemes in Hoa Binh province (subproject 4) Thanh Hoa South Ma 11,525 Quang Nam Phu Ninh Hoa Binh Small scale irrigation Cost (million USD) 29,19 (1) 18,98 (2) 5,01 (3) (1) Expenditure of the whole Component 2 (Including 2 sections B1 and B2) (2) Expenditure of section B1 of Component 2 (3) Expenditure of section B2 of Component 2 Phase 2: Within this period, the sub-projects have high level of priority but the design and report on safeguard policy haven t not completed. The related provinces should prepare the document for its sub-projects including the technical, social, environmental aspects as well as the economic analysis in the first year right after the project implementation. These documents should be approved by MARD and WB in order to conduct in the second year of the project. The list of sub-project for the Phase 2 includes the remaining sub-project Select sub-projects for Component 2 After the meeting among WB, MARD, CPO, consultations, and province representatives in Hanoi from 14 to 15 May 2012, all project provinces sent the list of sub-projects including the prioritized ones. There are 11 sub-projects recommended by provinces that should be included in the list for the Component 2 of the. Then, Quang Tri and Phu Tho considered merging some items into one sub-project. Finally, the Feasibility 3 Aide memoire, WB mission worked in Vietnam from 16 th -26 th April

75 Study report has 9 sub-projects under the Component 2. List of sub-projects recommended by provinces represented in Table - List of sub-projects and the investment content of the Component 2 is represented in Sub-project Review Report. The location of sub-projects is presented in the sub-project maps. Table 11. List of sub-projects under the TT Province Sub-project Total budget (USD) Ha Giang Phu Tho Hoa Binh* Thanh Hoa* Sub-project 1 - Small scale irrigation and village ponds in Ha Giang Province Sub-project 2 - Small scale irrigation and drainage schemes in Ha Giang province Sub-project 3 - Phu Tho Province: Improve Tam Nong and Thanh Thuy irrigation and drainage scheme Sub-project 4 - Small scale irrigation and drainage schemes in Hoa Binh province Sub-project 5 - Medium scale irrigation and drainage schemes in Hoa Binh Province Sub-project 6 - South Ma irrigation and drainage scheme in Thanh Hoa province Sub-project 7 - Ke Go and Rac River irrigation and Ha Tinh drainage schemes in Ha Tinh province Sub-project 8 - Medium scale irrigation and drainage Quang Tri* schemes in Quang Tri province 7 Sub-project 9: Quang Nam province: Phu Ninh and Quang Nam Khe Tan irrigation and drainage scheme (*) The World Bank Mission for the project preparation conducted the field trip to provinces of Hoa Binh, Thanh Hoa, and Quang Tri from 16 to 21 January The field trip aims to check the preparation progress of the recommended sub-projects. The Mission has commented on the proposal of these sub-projects. 5.3 Technologies and techniques Technology selection The main content of Irrigated Agricultural Improvement Project is to address the institutional issues on irrigation management system in order to ensure the fairness, appropriateness, flexibility and participatory of stakeholders. In addition to the improvements in the legal framework for managing the complete upgrade of Irrigation and drainage system, investment in equipment to support state management efficiency. Irrigation works serving for multi-purpose of project also aims to build the typical models for training and raising community awareness on smart agriculture for climate adaptation, support agricultural services for strategic restructuring of agriculture. Corresponding to these objectives, technology and solutions will be implemented in the proposed project in 75

76 order to achieve highest investment efficiency. Strengthening the institutional framework in managing irrigation and drainage system: In order to facilitate the water management and allocation of the system, the project will (i) review, adjust, and supplement in order to innovate the organizational model for irrigation management and utilization towards the market orientation and reinforce the management mechanism (IMC and WUAs) to reach higher efficiency (in accordant with the decentralization and socialization in irrigation management); (ii) apply equipment in a communication network, data storage, data processing, data analysis, etc.; (iii) facilitate the development of business plans / advanced operations for IMC, WUAs, (iv) applications the advanced management methods to monitor and evaluate the activities of the system as well as IMC and WUAs. Improve, complete, and modernize the irrigation and drainage system and works towards the multi-purposes: (i) Improve planning and division of irrigated areas that is appropriate, convenient, and suitable to the water supply operation and allocation of the system; strengthen the irrigation management at grass root level; (ii) irrigated areas should be closed and have stable management works to control the water resource supply and drainage of the whole system. In addition, it is necessary to dredge the canal beds in the region to better water transportation and storage; (iii) Improve the regulating and water measurement works; (iv) apply advanced technologies and technical solutions to facilitate the management and utilization of the irrigation and drainage system: control the water; measure and observe the water level, water quality; construct water measurement works; install water measurement devices at head works, regulating works, and intake sluices of the new irrigated areas. Application of advanced science and technology in upgrading infrastructure: (i) the application of advanced technology in assessment, planning, design, construction and operation management, (ii) the application of new structures, new materials, advanced construction technology, etc. (iii) the application of technology and advanced solutions for irrigation, water-saving, high efficient water use; Support Services for Climate-Smart Agricultural Practices. Access to agricultural products is the priority of local authority; the ability to find the market, the technology solution supports production technology with intelligent adaptation to climate change. The irrigation technology and advanced engineering and effective use of priority, particularly interested in the application of advanced technology in the field of biology, seed, cultivate, harvest and post-harvest. Improve the field and develop the agropedological map. Project management and implementation: to strengthen the capacity of the PMU at central and provincial levels by equipping management technology (computers, program management, office equipment and Means of transportation, etc.) and enhance professional training, foreign languages for staff, project management staff. In addition, 76

77 aspects of project environmental management, Resettlement, monitoring and evaluation (M & E), etc. will also be enhanced in terms of manpower, skills and technology. Technologies applied for the Component 2 The aims to repair and upgrade different type of works in different areas. With the intensive experience, the consultation agencies have applied new technologies to some irrigation works. Followings are the technical solutions for these sub-projects: 1. Manage the major works by SCADA (for provinces of Thanh Hoa, Ha Tinh, Quang Tri, and Quang Nam): regulate water by long spillway, the intake sluice combines with water flow measurement (for provinces of Thanh Hoa, Ha Tinh, Quang Tri, and Quang Nam); 2. For the upgrade and repair of weirs Apply the new material technology to reinforce and repair the damaged weir surface and weir body (Sub-project 2: Ha Giang Province and Sub-project 4: Hoa Binh Province) 3. Water proofing for the water reservoirs, dams, and canals: Apply the permeable water collecting technology water belt for the dam slopes and water proofing textile covering at the upstream, etc. 4. Pumping station: Apply the twisted concrete chamber for the drainage pumping station (sub-project 3 in Phu Tho province); 5. Canal: Apply the precast canals; thin cell aqueduct canal; plastic canals; composite canals to replace the classic canals (8 sub-projects from the sub-project 2 to 9) 6. Multiple purpose village reservoirs Apply the impermeable membrane HPDE and PVC (sub-project 2 in Ha Giang province); 7. Irrigation technology: Apply the irrigation technologies such as sprinkle irrigation, drip-drop irrigation, subsoil irrigation, and water saving irrigation for all the large field models (For all the sub-projects) 8. Improve fields: leveling, agrarian reform, construction of field system and on-farm infrastructure (irrigation, drainage, transportation, monitor, etc.) (At least, apply for the field models); 9. New technologies in varieties and cultivation in agriculture sector (crop production and husbandry), etc. (At least, apply for the field models); For details, please see the Annex: Report on the applied technologies for designing 77

78 5.4 Report on Dam Safety Project s general description for dam safety Within the project, some dams need to be upgrading. Among that, there are 2 dams under the sub-project 8 (Quang Tri Province) and some other small scale dams of sub-projects 1, 2, and 5 (Ha Giang Province and Hoa Binh Province) Other dams under the sub-project of Ha Giang and Hoa Binh are small-scale. The height of these dams is less than 15m. Therefore, the dam safety assessment just complies with the domestic requirements and regulations regarding the design procedures. La Nga Dam and Truc Kinh Dam are under the sub-project 8 of Quang Tri Province have the height more than 20m and volume over 30 million m3. To assess the safety of these dams, it is necessary to prepare the plan which strictly complies with the domestic and WB regulations and requirements World Bank s Safeguard Policy on the Safety of Dams. According to the World Bank s Safeguard Policy OP/BP 4.37, large dams are 15 meters or more in height.. Dams that are between 10 and 15 meters in height are treated as large dams if they present special design complexities--for example, an unusually large floodhandling requirement, location in a zone of high seismicity, foundations that are complex and difficult to prepare, or retention of toxic materials. Dams have less than 10 meters in height are treated as large dams if they are expected to become large dams during the operation of the facility. Requirements under the safeguard policy on safety of dams and general definition of large dams were presented in Box 1 and Box 2 respectively. Box 1. Major aspects of the World Bank s operation policy (OP) 4.37: Safety of dams If such a project involves an existing dam or dam under construction (DUC) in the borrower's territory, the Bank requires that the borrower arrange for one or more independent dam specialists to (a) inspect and evaluate the safety status of the existing dam or DUC, its appurtenances, and its performance history; (b) review and evaluate the owner's operation and maintenance procedures; and (c) provide a written report of findings and recommendations for any remedial work or safety-related measures necessary to upgrade the existing dam or DUC to an acceptable standard of safety. The Bank may accept previous assessments of dam safety or recommendations of improvements needed in the existing dam or DUC if the borrower provides evidence that (a) an effective dam safety program is already in operation, and (b) full-level inspections and dam safety assessments of the existing dam or DUC, which are satisfactory to the Bank, have already been conducted and documented. Necessary additional dam safety measures or remedial work may be financed under the proposed project. When substantial remedial work is needed, the Bank requires that (a) the work be designed and supervised by competent professionals, and (b) the same reports and 78

79 plans as for a new Bank-financed dam be prepared and implemented. For high-hazard cases involving significant and complex remedial work, the Bank also requires that a panel of independent experts be employed on the same basis as for a new Bank-financed dam When the owner of the existing dam or DUC is an entity other than the borrower, the borrower enters into agreements or arrangements providing for the measures to be undertaken by the owner. During the dam operation, the owner1 is responsible for ensuring that appropriate measures are taken and sufficient resources provided for the safety of the dam, irrespective of its funding sources or construction status. Box 2 Definition of dam (According to OP/BP 4.37): Large dam: H>15m 10m<H<15m, Volume > 1 million m3 10m<H<15m, crest length > 500m 10m<H<15m, over-topping capacity > 2000 m3/s H< if they are expected to become large dams during the operation of the facility (for example: Earth dams) Dams with high risks are: 10m<H<15m, with special design (for example, an unusually large flood-handling requirement, location in a zone of high seismicity, foundations that are complex and difficult to prepare, or retention of toxic materials) Number of impacted people in the dam downstream (although not required in the safeguard policy) Small dams are: Normally less than 15 meters in height. This category includes, for example, farm ponds, local silt retention dams, and low embankment tanks Project safeguard policy of dam applied for Apply for large and small dam: 1. Definition of large dam: For the, the large dam are: 15 meters or more in height. Between 10 and 15 meters in height with the capacity over 1 million m3; Between 10 and 15 meters in height with special design complexities, high risk to the people living in downstream (for example: an unusually large flood-handling requirement, location in a zone of high seismicity, foundation that is complex and difficult to prepare). 79

80 2. Consideration: In order to identify large dams of the project, the following check list will be presented and applied in Table Dam safety activities of the Project meter or more in height dam: According to the World Bank s safeguard policy, the safety of dam OP 4.37 will be applied for large dams that are 15 meter or more in height. Table 12. Information of reservoirs in Name Province Capacity (MCM) Height (m) Phu Ninh Quang Nam Khe Tan Quang Nam La Nga Quang Tri Truc Kinh Quang Tri Ha Thuong Quang Tri Ke Go Ha Tinh Rac River Ha Tinh Vanh Hoa Binh Under 15 meter in height dam: For dams under 15 meters in height and smaller reservoirs, they should be complied with the national safeguard policy on dam safety Summary of costs The following table will summarize the associated costs of 2 major reservoirs under the, they are La Nga reservoir and Truc Kinh reservoir of Quang Tri sub-project (both reservoirs have the height over 15 meters) Table 13. Total cost for the La Nga and Truc Kinh headwork No Cost after tax Item 10 6 USD 1 La Nga reservoir Truc Kinh reservoir Vanh lake Organization and implementation Management for implementation: All the activities related to improving the dam safety will be under the Component 2. The organization and implementation should comply with the overall organizational structure of the project, specifically: 80

81 - MARD: The Directorate of Water Resources will be in charge of supervising, monitoring, and consulting the MARD in steering, settling the rising incidents, institutionalizing the orientation of the ministry for the project implementation. Along with the expert group on dam safety, approve the work plan and progress on the improvement of dam safety. - CPMU: is in charge of monitoring, supervising, and supporting sub-projects during the project implementation. All the activities should be in accordance with the contingency related to the existing national safety of the dams and donors policies that are promulgated in the loan agreement. CPMU is also the focal point and ready for implementing necessary activities; gather reports on dam safety from the subprojects as well as the general report on dam safety; prepare a final report on the dam safety enhancement. - Dam safety expert group: Review and evaluate the reports on dam safety and related reports on the dam improvement and dam safety operation; - PPMU is under the direct supervision and guidance on issues related to the subproject implementation that complies with the commitments on dam safety promulgated in the loan agreement. The main tasks of the PPMU are as the followings: Develop the plan and implement activities such as the consultant recruitment, technical design preparation, bidding, construction, etc., and prepare the reports related to dam safety enhancement Develop the contingency plan in case of reservoir emergency situations; Develop the operation and maintenance (O&M) for the dams; Prepare the estimated procedure for reservoir operation. 81

82 Implementation plan Table 14. Implementation plan for dam safety enhancement No. Activity Year 2014 Year 2015 Year 2016 Year 2017 Year 2018 Year 2019 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q Consultant recruitment Technical design - Detail design Approve design and bidding for construction 4 Construction 82

83 5.5 Description of Component 1: Improved Irrigation Water Management Objectives and expected outputs Overall objectives Renovate the irrigation work management and utilization in accordance with the market mechanism and state management in order to increase the utilization efficiency of irrigation works and contribute to enhance the agriculture productivity in a sustainable manner in the context of climate change Specific objectives Increase the accessibility to the irrigation services by improving the organizational structure, financial management mechanism, monitoring and evaluation (M&E) - Improve the organizational model and complete the management mechanism, by maximizing the full participation of beneficiaries and clarify the roles, responsibilities, and benefits of IMCs and Water Use Organizations (WUAs), and/or water user individuals on the principle of fairness and mutual benefit to ensure the sustainable development - Enhance the public transparency and strengthen the inspection, monitoring, and evaluation of water service quality based on the contingency of the state regulations on irrigation work management and utilization. These above results can be achieved by applying the evaluation standard criteria (benchmarking), periodically rapid assessment plan (RAP) and developing operation evaluation criteria set of IMCs which meet the requirements of water users - Equip the facilities for management activities Estimated outcomes of project components According to the results of the preliminary studies conducted during the project preparation phase, the main results of the Component 1 have been approved by the donor (World Bank), the state management agency (Directorate of Water Resources DWR), Central Project Office (CPO). The main content is as followings: - Institutionalize and complete the organizational model and policy framework on irrigation and drainage system management (organizational model, management and financial practice policy, supervision, monitor and evaluation of the management and operation efficiency, investment effectiveness, etc.) - Construction and operation of two organizational models managing irrigation systems (expected in both Ha Giang and Quang Nam province) based on market approach/ ordering mechanism application, towards applying bidding mechanism to provide irrigation, drainage, water supply services and multi-purpose service supporting climate-smart agriculture development. The remaining provinces use 108

84 experience from the two models implemented in these two provinces and apply on their own in accordance with their province conditions. - Invest on the management equipment and facilities to collect, analyze, and forecast the data on production, finance, assets, human resources, etc., in order to increase the management efficiency at the IMCs. - Provide training and capacity building in terms of institution, policy, and management capacity to management staff of IMCs and WUAs at all level - Support MARD in checking, adjusting and supplementing legal documents (management decentralization, order placing guidance, criteria for evaluating the operation efficiency of IMCs, WUAs), provide guidance to renew the organizational model of irrigation work management, improve the irrigation drainage service and water supply service, etc., as in the restructure program of MARD. (Details on the output result can be seen in section 5.5.5) Estimated content of project components In order to achieve the above outcomes, the following contents are estimated for this component: Improve the management of IMCs: will focus on identifying management issues and propose strategic solutions to address these issues existed in the management of irrigation systems, the shortcomings in water resources regulation, problems in the distribution and irrigation services management. It will also support the innovation of organizational models and management mechanism to apply ordering contract method between provincial levels and the IMCs, towards using competitive bidding in the management and exploitation of Irrigation Works and promoting specialization in water supply based on service level and management transfer (IMT) for the users, O&M and assets management plan, and assisting in the preparation of sectoral strategies in the future. To achieve this, each IMC should prepare a comprehensive plan, including the operation, maintenance and financial management, capacity building proposals and methods to improve irrigation services in accordance with the ordering method. IMCs are encouraged to apply RAP, MASCOTE and Benchmarking as well as investment and use of SCADA in the control of water in each irrigation systems, and sharing data collected openly, through an information technology system (IT) supporting planning, monitoring, disclosure and customer feedback, etc. Provide training and strengthen the institutional capacity: + Enhance management capacity; apply management method based on performance results and autonomy mechanism, self-responsibility of the IMC when applying ordering method, as well as inspecting contract approach 109

85 services, which will be explored during project preparation and through training activities. + Organize training courses to improve the institutional capacity of policy, management skills of IMCs and WUOs to help identify roles and relationships among the stakeholders (such as production planning, financial management, human resources, asset management and water distribution management, etc.). The budget for training to improve institutional capacity and management aims to the deployment of the service contract, as mentioned above, and will be included in the provincial proposals. + Invest in managing devices for data collection, analysis, forecasts, and analysis of production data, finance, assets, human resources, etc. to improve efficiency in the management of IMCs, IMEs, and WUOs. Facilitate MARD in completing the institutions and policies: review, adjust and supplement the legal documents and guidelines of the innovation of irrigation work organizational models and management mechanism, improve irrigation and drainage services, water supply, etc. in accordance with the restructuring program by the Ministry and build capacity for agencies developing irrigation policies Scope for project component implementation The WB7 has been implemented in 7 provinces of Ha Giang, Hoa Binh, Thanh Hoa, Ha Tinh, Quang Tri, and Quang Nam. The main contents of this Component 1 (section 5.5.2) will be implemented mainly in the sub-project areas and may extend to the surrounding of sub-project areas basing on the features of each province. All the related organizations and individuals to the project activities (MARD, province, district, commune levels, IMCs, WUAs) will participate to the implementation process Component structure Content 1: Facilitate to reform the organizational structure, mechanism, and policies on irrigation management at provincial level and complete the regulations at national level, including: - Group activity 1-1: Develop and complete the institutions and policies in irrigation drainage management at provincial level by applying the ordering method or bidding model in providing irrigation services. - Group activity 1-2: Apply the new organizational form and management mechanism of irrigation - drainage systems at the provincial level and reinforce the operation of stakeholders (IMC, WUAs) in order to manage the irrigation drainage service according to the order placing mechanism 110

86 - Group activity 3: Reinforce and establish the water use organizations and transfer the irrigation management suitably to the irrigation drainage service management mechanism as per the market mechanism. - Group activity 4: Support MARD in checking, adjusting and supplementing legal documents, provide guidance to renew the organizational model of irrigation work management, improve the irrigation drainage service according to the market mechanism Content 2: Enhance the capacity in terms of managing and utilizing the irrigation works for IMCs and WUAs. This activity can be implemented through the provision of advanced irrigation drainage management facilities and tools. This aims to improve the management efficiency and save water Main activities Implementation scope and specific products Sub-component 1-1: Develop and complete the institutions and policies in managing irrigation and drainage at provincial level by applying the ordering method and bidding mechanism for the irrigation service implementation. Activity 1: Develop innovation project of organizational model and management and exploiting mechanisms of irrigation works in ordering method; The scope of activity 1: all 7 provinces. The product of activity 1 is an organizational model innovation plan, which proposes improvement of management mechanism in irrigation services, restructuring the provincial organizational structure and management mechanism of irrigation services, irrigated agriculture development, approved by competent authority. Activity 2: Develop and improve regulations on decentralization of irrigation management in accordance with the ordering method; The scope of activity 2: samples implemented in 2 provinces: Ha Giang and Quang Nam, other provinces use as reference to apply. The product is a draft on regulations on decentralization approved by the authority competent to apply in the provinces Sub-component 1-2: Apply the new organizational form and management mechanism of irrigation - drainage systems at the provincial level and reinforce the operation of stakeholders (IMC, WUAs) in order to manage the irrigation drainage service according to the order placing mechanism Activity 3: Develop the establishing project of an Irrigation and Drainage Management Board; 111

87 The scope of activity 3: samples implemented in 2 provinces: Ha Giang and Quang Nam, other provinces use as reference to apply. The product is establishing project of an Irrigation and Drainage Management Board approved by the authority competent. Activity 4: Develop, complete economic and technical norms for the management of irrigation for orders; The scope of activity 4: 6 provinces: Ha Giang, Hoa Binh, Phu Tho, Ha Tinh, Quang Trị and Quang Nam. The product is the norms for the management of irrigation approved and applied by the authority competent of 6 provinces. Activity 5. Build regulations on the service contract among the Services management Board and the IMC or WUAs; The scope of activity 5: samples implemented in 2 provinces: Ha Giang and Quang Nam, other provinces use as reference to apply. The products are guidelines and regulations on the specific contents of the contract order applied to develop a contract order implemented in 2 provinces: Ha Giang and Quang Nam. Activity 6. Organize and Implement ordering the management of irrigation works at the application locations. The scope of activity 6: samples implemented in 2 provinces: Ha Giang and Quang Nam, other provinces use as reference to apply. The products are 2 management boards of irrigation/drainage services established with regulations on functions, duties, organizational structures approved by the Provincial people s committees to manage ordering irrigation services for the 2 province, other provinces use as reference to apply Sub-component 1-3: Reinforce and establish the water use organizations and transfer the irrigation management suitably to the irrigation drainage service management mechanism as per the market mechanism. Activity 7: Evaluate the current situation of WUAs at provincial level Activity 8. Establish/strengthen the WUAs Activity 9. Implement level distribution and irrigation management transfer Sub-project 1-4: Support MARD in checking, adjusting and supplementing legal documents, provide guidance to renew the organizational model of irrigation work management, improve the irrigation drainage service according to the market mechanism. Activity 10: Evaluate the current situation of order placing mechanism for irrigation and drainage service and propose the adjustment to the Circular 56/2010/TT- BNNPTNT. 112

88 Implementation scope: the whole nation. The product is the revised draft of Circular 56/2010/TT-BNNPTNT approved by the General Department of Irrigation to hand in to be issued by the Ministry or application. Activity 11: Develop the training program on institutions and policies (including the service contract and assessment of management activities). Implementation scope: Advanced training of awareness capacity of institutions and policies for the PDARDs, DDARDs, IMCs, IMBs, etc. of the project provinces and the irrigation/drainage system management organizations all over the country. The product is program and content of implementation of 7 training classes agreed and approved by the CPO and the General Department of Irrigation CPO. Activity 12: Conduct study on the possibility of applying public-private partnership in the construction, management and design of irrigation structures. Implementation scope: project provinces and the whole nation. The product is the mechanism and application guidelines of PPP considered and issued for application by the MARD. Activity 13: Establish the criteria to evaluate the efficiency of irrigation drainage service management Implementation scope: the whole nation. The product is a criteria set (used as basis for testing, monitoring, acceptance and accessing the operation results of the IMCs, to make clear the rights and responsibilities to the state and community) issued and applied by the authority competent. Activity 14: Develop the framework of technical-economic norms on irrigation drainage management Implementation scope: the whole nation. The product is Set of econo-technical norms for the management and exploitation of irrigation works applied to different regions of the country approved and issued by the Ministry for application Sub-component 1-5: Enhance the capacity in terms of managing and utilizing the irrigation works for IMCs and WUAs. This activity can be implemented through the provision of advanced irrigation drainage management facilities and tools. This aims to improve the management efficiency and save water. Activity 15: Develop GIS-based database for management of irrigation structures information serving RFP mechanism implementation in the project provinces and edit the irrigation map and work decentralization) Implementation scope: sub-project areas. The product is set of map (Soft copy) and map in paper with scale less than or equal 1/5000 (1/5000, 1/2500, 1/ ) for the communes in Sub project areas. Activity 16: Develop database for management of asset and customer, develop plan for repair/maintenance the irrigation service of IMC 113

89 Implementation scope: project areas under IMC of the 6 project provinces. The product is database (GIS electronic map), notes and manuals, training transferred to the IMC to exploit for management. Activity 17: Install the SCADA Table 15. Statistics Dashboard of the number of SCADA systems of Sub projects Province Quang Nam Quang Tri Ha Tinh Thanh Hoa System Phu Ninh Khe Tan La Nga Truc Kinh Ke Go Song Rac Operations Center Number of station Activity 18: Facilitate to improve the equipment for irrigation management of IMC and WUAs 114

90 5.5.6 Implementation framework for Component 1 Table 16. Total budget of Component 1 NO CONTENTS ALLOCATION OF INVESTMENT CAPITAL FOR LOCAL (USD) TOTAL CAPITAL (USD) Ha Giang Hoa Binh Phu Tho Thanh Hoa Ha Tinh Quang Trị Quang Nam 1 Consulting services Cost of equipment Cost of project management Contingency Total ROUND

91 5.6 Description of Component 2: Irrigation and drainage scheme level improvements As mentioned above, there are 9 sub-projects under the Component 2. The following is the description of sub-projects under Component 2 Irrigation system improvements The main activities of this Component 1re upgrading the existing irrigation system including the canals at all levels, downgraded works on canal as well as proposing the suitable measures in terms of solutions, materials for canal paving. All the solutions should be considered carefully to be applied in a consistent and saving manner. Newly construct the regulating works, intake works, water division works in a modern manner. Supplement lower level canals to bring water to the field. Apply the lesson learnt on the modernization withdrawn from the VWRAP. 116

92 117

93 5.6.1 Phu Ninh - Khe Tan irrigation and drainage scheme in Quang Nam province (Sub-project 9) 118

94 119

95 Project area: Phu Ninh reservoir irrigation system is located in Phu Ninh, Thang Binh, Que Son, Duy Xuyen, Nui Thanh districts and Tam Ky city, Quang Nam province. Khe Tan irrigation canal and reservoir system is located in communes of Dai Chanh, Dai Thanh, Dai Thang, Dai Tan, Dai Phong, Dai Minh, and Dai Cuong of Dai Loc District, Quang Nam province Project objectives: - Phu Ninh irrigation system: Ensure the water supply for irrigation of 19,427ha; for domestic use with the capacity 22,500m 3 /day night, for industrial use with the capacity Q = 3.44 m 3 /s. (Current irrigated area is 17,427ha, after the project the irrigated area is 19,427ha, increased 2000ha). The simulations of the water balance show that the lake water is enough to irrigate for 19,427 ha including an addition of 1,800 ha expanded of the irrigated area in Ba Ren River's left bank with pumping stations being in charge of and expand 200 ha of irrigated area with DT N22-1 in charge, ensuring urban and industrial water supply. - Khe Tan irrigation system: Ensure the water supply for irrigation of 3,500ha; for domestic use with the capacity 1,296m 3 /day night Situation description Over the last 10 years (from 2001 to 2011), the field of water resources of the province has achieved significant breakthrough and contributed to the socio-economic development and poverty reduction. It also contributed to stabilize the life of local community, increase the controlled irrigated agriculture area by constructing several irrigation works. However, due to lack of investment, the canal system has not been completed yet. Some canal routes have been utilized for such a long time without the repair and improvement; hence, the utilization is not efficiency and the water waste during the operation process has been recognized. Especially, the water flow capacity cannot meet the task as initially designed. The main income of the affected local community is from agriculture. Their income fluctuates significantly from 800,000 to 1,800,000 VND/person/month in the project area. The social analysis results have shown that the women in the project area have lower educational level than men. In general, there is no discrimination against women. However, the women are considered less advantaged than men. They have to take the housework after hours of working as men. Women don t have chance to participate fully to the decision making process. In order to improve the gender equality situation, 120

96 the project will provide training/capacity building and ensure that there will be a special attention to local women. The project will make sure that women will be treated equally as men in the whole project cycle, especially the project implementation process Current situation of Phu Ninh water reservoir: Headwork: the head works were improved and modernized in the WB 2 and WB3 Projects. The safety of these items has been ensured in terms of water supply and flood prevention Canal system: According to RAP, the South and North main canal system have been improved partly under the VWRAP Project. While the discharge capacity of the South main canal is good; the North main canal still has some low-quality canal routes which have water leakage and cause the disadvantages to the discharge capacity of the canal. The secondary canal system was improved from the projects of WB and ADB. The reinforcement canal has achieved 46%. Many canal routes can ensure their discharge capacity. However, other canal routes have been damaged significantly and cannot ensure the water discharge capacity to the lower level canals because of over 20 year utilizing. About 54% is the earth canal which leads to the fact that the water discharge capacity from the main canal to the lower level canals is limited. The tertiary canal system has the total length of 141km, of which, 76.4km canal was reinforced, equal to 54% reinforcement of the total canal. The earth canal has accounted a significant proportion which leads to the fact that the efficiency of cooperatives/wua staff has been reduced while taking the water to the field. Some works on canal have been damaged, downgraded, and not suitable to the initial design. It is necessary to have proper repair and improvement to these canals Current situation of Khe Tan reservoir: The head work has been included in the investment list for repair and improvement of the WB5 project The canal system: on the whole canal route, the erosion phenomenon has been recognized which reduces the canal capacity. The achieved capacity is about 80 90%, especially, in some routes, the level is only 50 60% compared to the initial design. The works on canal have been downgraded significantly, especially the masonry works. The seams on these works are damaged and caused erosion which lead to the big loss to the irrigation operation and instablization to flood discharge. 121

97 Scale Canal and water reservoir system of Phu Ninh: Design criteria: - Construction level: Level II - Irrigation design frequency: P = 85% - Flood frequency: P design =1%, P KT = 0.5%, P urgent =P PMF Construction solution. a. Main canal: Upgrade the sections of 1 canal route with the upgraded length of 7.1km/47km (Upgraded length/ total canal length) Technical solutions: consolidate canal slope and bed. - For embanked sections or half embanked half excavated sections where the inslopes are eroded, deposited and the canal bed is deposited and strongly permeable, the proposed solution is: reinforce canal bed and slopes by steel enforced concrete, casted in place. - For sections crossing kaolin soil area, the solution is: consolidate by parallelepiped steel enforced concrete. - For sections of which the inside slopes is strongly eroded, permeable, and crossing the hilly area, the solution is: consolidate by steel enforced concrete braced frame, inside part paved with grave. b. Primary canal: Upgrade the sections of 18 routes with the upgraded length of 58.3km/82km. Technical solutions: - N30 canal: Length L=4.5 km, is a new canal section, used trough bridge combined with underground canal with pressure - Other primary canals: The canal is trapezium cross section, and consolidated by steel enforced concrete, casted in place. Structure of. For permeable sections and eroded in slope, construct is steel enforced concrete. Out-slope is consolidated to ensure stability. For sections cross kaolin soil area, construct is rectangle cross section made by steel enforced concrete. c. Secondary canal: Upgrade the damage sections of 109 secondary canal routes with upgraded length of 83.6km/179.7km. Technical solution: The canals with trapezium cross section, made by steel enforced concrete casted in place and/or rectangle cross section, made by bro-cement or brick for embankment and the canal bed made by steel enforced concrete M200. d. Tertiary and on farm canal: upgrade the sections of 20 routes with upgraded length 122

98 of 68km/97.8km. Technical solution: periodic dredge; consolidate by steel enforced concrete, casted in place and/or rectangle cross section, canal embankment made by bro-cement or brick, canal bed made by steel enforced concrete M200. e. On canal structures: Increase Level and newly construct: 52 falls 14 troughs, 158 over canal bridges, 34 cross road sluices, 74 drainage sluices, 287 irrigation sluices, 5 output spillway, 52 input spillway, 5 outlet spillway, 4 siphons, 17 end of canal sluices. f. Pumping station canal: improve damaged sections of 7 routes with the upgraded length of 13,54km/34km g. Drainage system: Improve drainage capacity of the whole system h. Management road system: - Management road of the North main canal: invest to complete the 10km remained road: width of road foundation 4.00m; width of road surface 3.00m, made by concrete, width 20cm - Management road of primary canal: this road system is constructed on the basis of upgrading canal at different levels Khe Tan irrigation system: Design criteria: - Construction level: Level III - Irrigation design frequency: P = 85% - Flood frequency: P design =1%, P KT = 0.2%, P urgent =P PMF a. Main canal: Upgrade the sections of 1 canal route with upgraded length of 10km/14,6km. Technical solution: embank the out embankment; to prevent the erosion at flood control sites; excavate and dredge the narrow cross section sites which cannot ensure water discharge capacity. b. Primary canal: Upgrade the sections of 10 canal routes with the upgraded length of 18.2 km/25.7km. Technical solution : apply trapezium cross section canal made by concrete, casted in place. For sections crossing kaolin area, residential areas, or hilly areas, construct the steel enforce concrete canal with the rectangular cross section. c. Secondary and tertiary canals: upgrade damaged sections of 37 routes with the upgraded length of 35.3km/35.3km. Technical solution: periodic dredge; consolidate by steel enforced concrete, casted in place and/or rectangle cross section, canal embankment made by bro-cement or brick, canal bed made by M200 reinforced concrete. 123

99 d. On canal structures: Upgrade and construct: 02 falls 06 troughs, 21 over canal bridges, 13 cross road sluices, 14 drainage sluices, 138 irrigation sluices, 17 output spillway, 04 outlet spillway, 01 siphon. e. The drainage system: Improve the existing drainage capacity of 5 communes of Dai Tan, Dai Thang, Dai Minh, Dai Phong, and Dai Cuong. f. The management road system: Improve 10km of the main canal banks: the width road is from 2.5 to 3.5m; the road structure is concrete M200 or M250 with the thickness of 18 20cm Water regulating and measuring constructions. - Water level regulating constructions: + Phu Ninh system: Arrange 10 regulating clusters and 44 long crest spillways on the canal system + Khe Tan system: Arrange 10 regulating constructions and 22 long crest spillways on the canal system - Water measuring weir: + Khe Tan system: Arrange 01 flow measuring well Technology application: - Neoweb material technology: it is expected to apply the Neoweb material to excavation and have less complication geology. - Precast concrete with rectangular shape and parabolic fitting: it is expected to apply these concrete blocks for secondary and tertiary canals. The cross section is from 60x40cm or less depending on the topography and geology of each canal section. It is estimated to apply for canal section that have the total length of 70km and for the canal system of Phu Ninh water reservoir Compensation and resettlement Table 17. Estimated land reclamation for Sub-project 9 Quang Nam Province Permanent reclamation Temporary reclamation Displaced graves Impacted area Partly impacted Resettlement Impacted trade Impacted area Partly impacted Resettlement Impacted trade Unit (ha) (hhs) (hhs) (hhs) (ha) (hhs) (hhs) (hhs) graves Phu Ninh 2,

100 Environment a. Social environment - There is no ethnic minority in the project area - The sub-project will supply stable irrigated water and create opportunity to expand the local traffic road system - Contribute to create the diversification of agricultural products and increase the accessibility of local people to the market in order to trade or exchange the agricultural products b. Natural environment: * Negative impacts: + Frequent discharge of water level will lead to the erosion to the downstream of the works. + The phenomenon water scarcity in the downstream is unavoidable. Water scarcity will cause difficulties in operating some works that utilize and use the water or have negative impact on living condition of local people. + The construction of the dam routes will drain a part of mud, sand, cement; because all these materials will flow to the downstream and cause adverse conditions * Positive impacts: + Regulate the water resources in the region in terms of space and time + Create jobs to reduce the unemployment rate + Increase the labor's productivity and crop yield. Husbandry will have change to grow strongly. + Significantly change the living quality including culture life and living standards. + Contribute to stable the production habits and cropping structure; increase the land use coefficient + Improve the underground water resource of the region + When the bypass channel system completed, the canal banks will create a convenient traffic and transportation system Total investment: Total investment: USD 125

101 5.6.2 Medium scale irrigation and drainage schemes in Quang Tri province (Subproject 8) 126

102 127

103 Project area: a. La Nga Irrigation system: La Nga Irrigation system located in communes of Vinh Lam, Vinh Son, Vinh Thuy of Vinh Linh district, Quang Tri Province. b. Truc Kinh Ha Thuong Irrigation system: Truc Kinh Ha Thuong Irrigation system located in 11 districts and wards; among that, there are 6 communes and 1 town of Gio Linh district (including communes of Gio Quang, Gio Mai, Gio Thanh, Gio My, Gio Viet, Gio Chau, and Gio Linh town), 2 communes of Cam Lo district (Cam An and Cam Thanh) and 2 wards of Dong Ha City (Dong Giang and Dong Thanh), Quang Tri Province. 128

104 Project objectives To ensure irrigating and drainage for 5,400ha (; aquaculture farming of 650ha; of which area in La Nga Irrigation system: 2000ha irrigation, 1000ha drainage; 450ha aquaculture; Truc Kinh Irrigation system: 2350ha irrigation, 300ha drainage, 200ha aquaculture; Ha Thuong: 1,050ha irrigation) Situation description Current situation of La Nga reservoir: The real capacity of La Nga irrigation system is as followings: - Paddy field 1550 ha/1800 ha (current capacity/design capacity); secondary 100 ha/200ha; aquaculture 150ha/ 450ha; accounted 65.31% compared to the design capacity. - The drainage and salinity prevention capacity have not been ensured yet, that caused the inundation for 1,000ha and salinity intrusion to 400ha of production land in the project area The reasons can be listed as: - The main and auxiliary dams have been downgraded; the dam slopes have been eroded and peeled, subsided and no longer maintained as designed; with permeability and termites in the dam s body. - The head waiter intake sluice has been downgraded. - The canal system has been downgraded and not yet been upgraded in a consistent manner. - The management, operation and use of water resources are not efficient. - Some of the area has yet to be renovated to ensure water for irrigating. - The application of science in the cultivation process is limited. - The capacity of water management and people's awareness is still low. - Drainage and saline prevention sluices in Ben Tam have been damaged, degraded and not efficiently functioned. - Some main axis drainages in the irrigated areas are filled up and cannot ensure drainage Current situation of Truc Kinh - Ha Thuong reservoir system: - The current actual capacity of the Truc Kinh - Ha Thuong irrigation system is described as follows: 129

105 - Paddy field 2080 ha/3200 ha; vegetable 200 ha/200ha; fishery 50ha / 200 ha, only reached 64.76% compared to the design capacity. - Drainage capacity has not been guaranteed and often caused flooding 300ha of the project area. Current situation of Truc Kinh irrigation system: The main and auxiliary dams have been downgraded; the dam slopes have been eroded and peeled, subsided and no longer maintained as designed; with seepage and termites in the dam s body. Irrigation system and on canal structures have been degraded so they must be repaired annually to serve irrigation. However, because they are not synchronously invested, there are many downgraded soil canals which prevent the irrigation work from meeting the requirements of production. Current situation of Ha Thuong irrigation system: The headwork were completed (in investment projects: repair and upgrade to ensure the safety of Ha Thuong reservoir, financed by the World Bank (VWRAP), completed in 2009), since then the headwork items are stable and efficient in irrigating for agricultural production. Main canal was upgraded in 2009, the canals level 1, level 2, level 3 and on canal works of more than 30 years of utilization have been downgraded so they must be repaired annually for irrigation. However, because they are not synchronously invested, there are many downgraded soil canals which prevent the irrigation work from meeting the requirements of production. As a result of RAP assessment for La Nga, Truc Kinh - Ha Thuong irrigation systems, some main issues in the three systems are found as follows: - Land use ratio is not high, which is also the opportunity to develop irrigated agriculture through increasing the coefficient of land use - The efficiency of irrigation across the region and in the field is low, the agricultural value is relatively high but the value of water is lower. It is feasible to improve irrigation efficiency in order to increase the agricultural value and the value of water in the project area through modernizing irrigation systems. - The amount of water used in the system for 1ha is very high compared to the irrigation level in the Central provinces. Therefore, it is essential to improve water management system to save water to maximize the benefits of using water for multiple purposes. 130

106 In summary, the completion of irrigation systems in general and La Nga, Truc Kinh - Ha Thuong irrigation systems in particular is very essential to ensure the provision of water services in a reliable, adequate and timely manner Scale La Nga Irrigation system Design criteria: - Head Construction level: II - Construction level in irrigation/drainage system: III - Flood design frequency: P =1% - Flood test frequency : P =0.2% - Flood test frequency (WB): P = 0,01 % (dam safety test). - Design level ensuring irrigation: 85% a. Main dam: Expand the dam surface width from 4m to 5m; embank the dam according to the Vietnamese Standard TCVN 8216:2009; prevent the flood frequency of p = 0.01%. Provide grouting and reinforce the foundation within the section from pile 11 (K ) to pile 15(K ) and the section from pile 19*(K ) to pile 1A*(K ). Reinforce the dam crest by gradation with the plastic medium size grit carpet b. Upgrade auxiliary dam 1 and 2: height the dam crest elevation from +24.6m to +25.1m (higher than the existing elevation +0.5m) and widen the dam surface from 3.5m to 5m according to the Vietnamese Standard TCVN 8216:2009; prevent the flood frequency of p = 0.01%. Reinforce the dam crest by gradation with the plastic medium size grit carpet. c. Intake sluice: Expand the old sluice to the downstream with the length of 18.7m; Provide treatment to prevent the water leakage for valve gate and sluice well. Replace the open and shut-down device from manual regime to electricity in combination with manual regime. d. Flood spillway: provide treatment for water leaking problems at construction joints and impermeable substances. e. Management and construction road: upgrade 03 management and construction roads with total length of 1,981km for the purposes of construction, management, and operation of head work cluster. f. Electricity line: Upgrade electricity line that manages and operates headwork with length of 2,000m for the purpose of operating the head works. g. Irrigation canal system: 131

107 - Upgrade a part of the main canal route with upgraded length L = 478.9m/3541 m. Technical solution: Consolidate the canal with concrete sheet with steel enforced frame; the bed canal of steel enforced concrete casted in place. - Upgrade works on the main canal: + Dismantle 01 siphon of main canal to make a new one. + Dismantle sluice crossing the road combined with spill to make a new one. - Primary canal: upgrade damaged sections of 2 routes with the upgraded length L = 2,908.9m/11,029.9m. Technical solution: Cross section is in rectangle or trapezium, canal bed made by steel enforced concrete, casted in place,, precasted concrete based on geologic types and typical structure of each damaged section; - Improve works on Primary canal: + Dismantle 04 old siphons to make new ones. + Dismantle 02 old drainage sluices to make new ones + Dismantle 04 old bridges to make new ones + Dismantle 01 old spillway to make a new one + Dismantle 02 old irrigation sluices to make new ones - Secondary canal: upgrade damaged sections of 03 routes with the total length L = 3,679.0m/8,300m. Technical solution: apply structure in rectangle and trapezium made by concrete and steel enforced concrete based on geological type and the typical structure of each damaged canal,. For the erosion embankment, cover with soil for embankment, upgrade level of embankment, and reduce cross section of the embankment to increase cultivated area and the canal protection space. - On-farm canal: upgrade damage sections of 62 routes with upgraded length L = m/85300m. Technical solution: periodic dredge; consolidate by steel enforced concrete, casted in place and/or rectangle cross section. h. Drainage canal system: Dredge 02 drainage canal routes with the upgraded length of 6,09km; repair and upgrade 01 drainage and salinity prevention sluice; replace 4 old gates with 5 gates, upgraded the construction route combined with Ben Tam sluice management with the upgraded length of L=810m Truc Kinh Ha Thuong irrigation system Design criteria: - Head Construction level : II - Construction level in irrigation/drainage system : III 132

108 - Flood design frequency : P =1% - Flood test frequency : P =0.2% - Flood test frequency (WB) : P = 0,01% (dam safety test). - Design level ensuring irrigation: 85% (1) Truc Kinh irrigation system a. Main dam: remain the elevation of dam crest, consolidate dam surface, provide termite treatment and waterproofing treatment at dam body and foundation; repair drainage system of downstream slope, repair partial failures at upstream slope. Repair drainage gutter of the berms and damaged downstream toe. b. Auxiliary dam I and II: Maintain the elevation of dam crest; reinforce and expand the dam surface; provide termite treatment for dam body; repair the drainage system at the downstream slopes. For the upstream slopes, reinforce by riprap squares to spread gravel and plant grass at downstream slope. Particularly, the subsidiary dam II, pave the existing upstream slopes and only repair the damaged and land subsidence sections. c. Auxiliary dam III: Maintain the elevation of dam crest; reinforce and expand the dam surface; provide termite treatment for dam body; repair the drainage system at the downstream slopes. Repair locally the damaged upstream slopes. d. Auxiliary dam Ib: Maintain the elevation of dam crest; reinforce and expand the dam surface; provide termite treatment for dam body. For the upstream slopes, reinforce by riprap squares to spread gravel and plant grass at downstream slope e. Intake sluice underneath the dam: upgrade the open and shut-down device of the sluice gate from manual regime into electric combined with manual regime. Replace operating valve and standby valve. f. Management and construction road: upgrade the road surface as designed cross section, asphalt road surface. Regarding to the construction road, repair road surface as designed cross section. Total length for up-gradation is 2,795m g. Electricity system for operating and managing headwork: upgrade with total length of 1,200m. h. Management house of headwork: upgrade at the old position, add toilet, roof heat resistant sheets. i. Canal system: + Upgrade apart of the main canal with the upgraded length of L = 3034m/15580m. Technical solution: apply trapezium cross section and the 133

109 bed made by steel enforced concrete, casted in place,, line with concrete and steel enforced concrete frame. + Works on main canal need improving: o Dismantle 06 intake gates at the head of old canals to make new ones o Repair in-, out-gate of 01 aqueduct bridge o Upgrade and replace 01 old regulating sluice o Repair downstream of 01 flood discharge outlet o Newly construct 02 long-crested dams on main canal - Primary canal: upgrade damaged sections of 2 canal routes with total upgraded length of 1330m/9787m. Technical solution: canal has rectangle cross section, canal bed made by steel enforced concrete casted in place,, level outembankment level is raised to increase cultivated area and canal protection space. - Spur canal: upgrade damaged sections of 12 routes with the total length L = 4400m - Secondary canal, upgrade damaged canal section of 24 routes with total length of 7097m/7097m. Tertiary canal: Upgrade damaged sections of 9 routes with the total length of 3420m. Technical solutions for the secondary, tertiary and spur canal: periodic dredge; consolidate by steel enforced concrete, casted in place and/or rectangle cross section, canal embankment made by bro-cement or brick based on the damaged extent of each canal section. - Constructions on secondary, tertiary and spur canal: Renew, replace 296 damaged or unsuitable on canal structures in accordance with the use of concrete and M200 reinforced concrete; Repair, upgrade damaged structures by concrete or reinforce concrete, good structures can be preserved. j. Drainage canal system - Dredge the canal bed of Hoi Song drainage axis with the total length of 3,700m - Replace the management house, newly construct one traffic bridge on the canal route; replace the temporarily bridge. (2) Ha Thuong irrigation system - Primary canal: upgrade damaged sections of 6 routes with the total upgraded length of 3.89km/3.89km - Secondary canal: upgrade damaged sections of 32 routes with the upgraded length of 11.05km/11.05km 134

110 Technical solutions: Canal with rectangular cross section, canal bottom is made M200 concrete with the thickness of (12 15)cm (canal with small cross section of 12cm and vice versa), Arrange 10m the length of the canal is a monad, subsidence gap used two layers of wax paper; canal wall built by M100 concrete brick, combined with M200 reinforced concrete bracing; canal banks filled with soil, outside canal slope m = 1,0. - Works on canal: repair, upgrade and newly construct 624 works on canals; made by concrete and steel enforced concrete M Regulating and measuring works Regulating works - La Nga irrigation system: Allocate 02 long-crested spillways on primary canal - Truc Kinh irrigation system: Allocate 02 long crested spillways on main canal Measuring dam: - Truc Kinh Ha Thuong irrigation system: Allocate 08 spillways for water measurement SCADA At the control centre: Equip with electricity board to visualize the monitor indicator of the reservoir and canal system; equip with computers and software to manage the work systems, calculate and forecast floods, forecast the irrigation demand, monitor and control the open and shutdown of intake sluices and regulating sluices basing on the GIS technology For head works - Install 3 rain gauge stations on the river basin - Install water measuring devices to measure the water level of the reservoir, the aperture of the intake sluice; install the water measuring devices behind the intake sluice Canal system: Install the water control and allocation devices on the canal; automatically monitor the water level at the downstream; transmit the images and data to the control centre Technology application: - Handling permeability: handling permeability in the dam body and ground by drilling and grouting cement method. - Overflow handling: pump and seal leaking joints for waterproofing and seal by grouting cement and AM latex 302Termite handling: Use radar and Ultrasonic 135

111 Machine; handle by grouting method to cover termite nests. - Siphon handling: Replace siphon by composite material - Long crest spillway: In the form of a simple side spillway, with the task of regulating water on canal. - The flow measurement structure: Use water measurement dam with rectangular and triangle cross sections designed according to international standards ISO 4360, to measure the flow on canal. - SCADA Technology: Building remote system to manage devices - Precast concrete canal with the rectangular shape and parabolic built-up. La Nga irrigation system: It is estimated to apply for the canal route with the length of 12km Ha Thuong irrigation system: It is estimated to apply for the canal route with the length of 8km Compensation and resettlement Table 18. Estimated land reclamation for sub-project 8 Quang Tri Province Permanent reclamation Temporary reclamation Unit Impacted Partly Impacted Partly Impacted Partly Impacted Partly Displaced area impacted area impacted area impacted area impacted graves (ha) (hhs) (ha) (hhs) (ha) (hhs) (ha) (hhs) Graves La Nga irrigation system 8, People s committee offices , Truc Kinh Irrigation system 5, People s committee offices 33,15 7 graves + 1 small temple Total 13, People s committee offices 51,9 7 graves + 1 small temple Environment a. Social environment 136

112 - There is no ethnic minority in the project area - The sub-project will supply stable irrigated water and create opportunity to expand the local traffic road system - Contribute to create the diversification of agricultural products and increase the accessibility of local people to the market in order to trade or exchange the agricultural products b. Natural environment * Negative impacts: - Frequent discharge of water level will lead to the erosion to the downstream of the works. - During the repair process, the regulating scheme of the reservoirs will be changed; hence, the ensured irrigation level for the downstream is very low - The construction of the dam routes will drain a part of mud, sand, cement; because all these materials will flow to the downstream and cause adverse conditions * Positive impacts: - Regulate the water resources in the region in terms of space and time - Create jobs to reduce the unemployment rate. Increase the labor's productivity and crop yield. Husbandry will have change to grow strongly. Significantly change the living quality including culture life and living standards. - Contribute to stable the production habits and cropping structure; increase the land use coefficient - Improve the underground water resource of the region - When the bypass channel system completed, the canal banks will create a convenient traffic and transportation system Total investment: Total investment: USD (including the contingency) Ha Tinh province: Ke Go and Rac River irrigation and drainage scheme (subproject 7) 137

113 138

114 139

115 Project area: This sub-project is developed at the South of Ha Tinh Province, at the location of Ky Anh, Cam Xuyen, Thach Ha districts and Ha Tinh City Project objectives: Ensure water supply for 30,061 ha of irrigated area; 1,287ha of aquaculture farming; 136,000 people of domestic use, among that: Ke Go Irrigation system: irrigation: 21,538ha, aquaculture farming: 1087ha, water supply for domestic use with the capacity of 1,600m 3 /day night (about 16,000 persons); Rac River water reservoirs: irrigation: 8,523ha, aquaculture farming: 200ha, water supply for domestic use with the capacity of 12,000m3/day night (about 120,000 persons) Situation description Current situation of Ke Go irrigation system: In the modernization project of Ke Go irrigation system (VWRAP- WB3), the headwork are repaired, upgraded to safety, the main canal system, canals level 1 and some canals level 2 are modernized. Currently, some on-canal items under canals level 1 (main channel), level 2 and inland canals with an irrigated area of over 50 ha have not yet been upgraded, a number of canal level 3 and inter-communal canals with large irrigated area have also not been upgraded (earth canals which are eroded and severely degraded), thus the irrigation efficiency cannot meet the task as initially designed; the upgraded canal's capacity for irrigation is good but when reaching these earth canals, the water transfer capacity is below the required standards in terms of both discharge, water level and time, which significantly reduced the effectiveness of the canal system, leading to waste of water. Therefore, the task of irrigating 19,500 ha as designed in WB3 Project has not completed. - Ke Go system also has a number of other irrigation works such as: Thuong Tuy, Khe Xai, etc. but the regulation and coordination to improve the efficiency of the system has not been mentioned, so the overall effect of the works doesn't match with existing potential of water resources. The water supplementary in the system is limited. - The traffic routes to serve the mining and management works of the system is either unavailable, or available but have been degraded and abnormal to travel to irrigate or support, repair when necessary. - All of the above issues, within the limits of VWRAP project, have been 140

116 mentioned, but not yet been solved due to limited capital Current situation of Rac River irrigation system: The Project of repairing and upgrading Rac River reservoir is implemented with a total investment capital of VND 60 billion under the capital for safe reservoir of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development. The current status of the water resources of the basin is considered sufficient to ensure a stable supply as designed for irrigation systems. However, the capacity of the current irrigation system only meet about 50% of the original design, because some parts of the system from the main canal to on-farm canal has been damaged, degraded and unable to load designed discharge. Specifically as follows: Main canal: The canal banks have been seriously eroded, some parts have been completely eroded although temporarily covered and protected by bamboo poles, etc. by local residents, but the level of safety is very poor, and only a small amount of water can flow through. Too much water transfer will cause leakage and canal bank erosion. Subsidiary canal: The canal bed has sediment, severe bank erosion; covering soil is mixed with grit and has large hollow, causing water seepage and leakage. Subsidence, cracking, sliding roofs occur in many parts of the embankment canal which deforms the canal shape, canal's cross section is no longer stay as originally designed Scale Canal system and works on canal: i) Ke Go system: Design criteria: - Construction level of the canal system: II - Frequency ensuring water supply: P = 85% - Frequency and design flood flow: P = 1% - Frequency and test flood flow: P = 0,2% - Frequency and diversion discharge: P = 10% Structure scale - Secondary canal: Upgrade damaged sections of 05 canal routes with total upgraded length of 16,995km/16,995km(upgraded length/ total canal length) - Tertiary canal : Upgrade damaged sections of 08 canal routes with total upgraded length of 23,418km/23,418km - On-farm canal: Upgrade damaged sections of 63 canal routes with total upgraded length of 73,083 km/73,083km. 141

117 Technical solutions: for two sections of N1 canal, choose trapezoidal cross section (based on the form of the first section as invested by WB3). For the remaining canal routes, consolidate with concrete and reinforced concrete with rectangular crosssection directly poured or pre-casted. For canal 19-5, apply earth canal with trapezoidal cross section. - Works on canal: Upgrade, repair: 667 irrigation sluices, 20 drainage sluices, 395 civil bridges and 15 troughs. * Technology application: 18 canal routes with the length of 12,773km: applying M300 precast concrete technology with 4-5cm thick. ii) Rac River system: Design criteria: - Construction level of the canal system: III - Frequency ensuring water supply: P = 85% - Frequency and design flood flow: P = 1% - Frequency and test flood flow: P = 0,2% - Frequency and diversion discharge: P = 10% Structure scale - Secondary canal: Upgrade damaged sections of 03 canal routes with total upgraded length of 20,844km/20,844km - Tertiary canal : Upgrade damaged sections of 14 canal routes with total upgraded length of 25,944km/25,944km - Spur canal : Upgrade damaged sections of 10 canal routes with total upgraded length of 20,959km/20,959km - On-farm canal: Upgrade damaged sections of 06 canal routes with total upgraded length of 7,159m/7,159km Technical solutions: consolidate by M20 steel enforced concrete, pre-casted or casted in place, apply rectangle cross section, - Works on canal: Upgrade, repair: 374 irrigation sluices, 49 drainage sluices, 213 civil bridges and 22 troughs * Technology application: The entire on-farm canal route with the length of 7,159km: applying M300 precast concrete technology with 4-5cm thick Design to modernize water regulating and water measurement works Regulating works - Ke Go irrigation system: includes 8 works + Regulating cluster: Arrange one cluster on the system + Duct bill type spillway: Arrange 3 spillways on the system + Long-crested dam: Arrange 04 dams on the system 142

118 Rac River irrigation system: Arrange 18 works on the system as follows: + Regulating cluster: Arrange 3 clusters on the system + Duct bill type spillway: Arrange 3 spillways on the system + Long-crested dam: Arrange 02 dams on the system - Water measurement dams i. Ke Go irrigation system Arrange water measurement spillway of which design is in accordance with the international standards ISO There are 57 dams at the head of secondary canals ii. Rac River irrigation system: Arrange water measurement spillway of which design is in accordance with the international standards ISO 4360 in 13 locations Compensation and resettlement Table 19. Estimated land reclamation for Sub-project 7 Ha Tinh Province Permanent reclamation Temporary reclamation Name of system Displaced under the sub- Impacted Partly Impacted Partly Impacted Partly Impacted Partly graves project area impacted area impacted area impacted area impacted Unit (ha) (hhs) (ha) (hhs) (ha) (hhs) (ha) (hhs) graves Ke Go Irrigation scheme 1, ,31 0 Rac River Irrigation and drainage scheme 1, ,89 0 Total 3, , Environment a. Social environment Table 20. Summary of social impacts of sub-project 7 Ha Tinh Province Number of benefit households/persons Number of impacted households/persons Loss of land, house (ha) Adverse impacts Loss of production land (ha) / / ,24 6,1 143

119 b. Natural environment * Negative impacts: Potential impacts on the environment due to land clearance + Increasing of solid waste, dust and noise. + Cause negative impacts on the living of animal, plant, and aquatic animal. + Impact on the safety level of sea way transportation. + Cause risks that impacted negatively to the safety of workers and community. + Impact on the stability of the society in general and local community in particular. Potential impact on the environment during the construction time + Increasing the dust, polluted gas, and noise. + Destroy and cause adverse impacts on the living environment of fishes and other aquatic species. + Impact on the stability of the society in general and local community in particular. + Adverse impacts on the road and seaway transportation. + Increase the risks of traffic accidents and cause damages to the roads. + Cause risks that impacted negatively to the safety of workers and community + Potential impact on the environment during the management and operation process. + Increase the temperature at noon time, + Waste from the project activities in the scale of revetment route that will cause the bad-looking to the surrounding area. + Negatively impact on some aquatic species. + Cause difficulties to the living condition of the community. * Positive impacts: + Contribute to stabilize the land resources fund, enhance the landscape view for the surrounding areas; increase the capacity in utilizing the land resources + Stabilize the production, help people to have secured life. Create chances for many households to have stable, sustainable life; contribute to adjust the population and production activities according to the local planning. + Cause favorable conditions to develop the crops and plants in order to regulate the atmosphere of the regions. + Reduce metal gas that causes greenhouse gas emission. 144

120 Total investment: Total investment is: USD (include the contingency) South Ma irrigation and drainage scheme in Thanh Hoa province (sub-project 6) 145

121 Construction site Districts of Yen Dinh and Thieu Hoa - Thanh Hoa Province Project objectives To ensure irrigated water for 11,525ha (6,836ha of South Ma river pumping and 4.689ha of 80 small pumpings); aquaculture farming area is 450ha Situation description Current situation of agricultural production: The project area has an economy which relies heavily on agriculture, industry, handicrafts with slow development. Despite the favorable position than some other areas in the province, the infrastructure for agricultural production is limited, especially irrigation systems. - The whole system uses water resources irrigated by driving force. - Irrigation is not active seasonally due to dependence on water resources since the water level is not usually reaching the designed level. - The pumping stations are only able to irrigate small areas. - High cost of electricity squanders the state's and people's money. - Irregularly maintenance of pumping stations because of lack of money leads to the degradation of many current factories. Canal system: Many parts of the earth canal are eroded with sediment, moss and grass sprouting which reduces 50% of the ability to transfer irrigation water, the on canal works of structure are not solidly built or the construction of bridges, culverts on canal by local people affect the water transport Scale. Design criteria - Construction level: + Main canal: Construction level II + Primary canal system on Main canal: Level IV and Level V + Secondary canal and lower : Level V - Design criteria: + Design frequency: P = 0,5%. + Test frequency: P = 0,1%. + Frequency ensuring water supply: P=75% + Maximum flow to design closure: P = 5%. + Drainage rainfall frequency P=10% 146

122 Construction scale a. Canal system. Scale: - North main canal route: upgrade damaged sections of total length of 23,191m/23,191m (estimated upgraded length/total length) - Primary canals of North main canal: upgrade damaged sections of 05 routes with the total length L = 27,517/46,790m (estimated length for reinforcement/total length of the canal) - South main canal route: upgrade damaged sections of total upgraded length of 20,665m/20,665m - Primary canals of South main canal: upgrade damaged sections of 7 routes; L upgraded = 32,420/36,891m. - Construct works on canal. Structural measures: - Main canal: + With canals were already consolidated but its cross section cannot meet the designed water discharge: Remain the old cross section, heighten canal banks to the elevation as in the trapezium cross section; cannot heighten the bank as the trapezium cross section but with M20 steel reinforced concrete wall, Canal wall height ranges from h=( )m. + With earth canal section: consolidated by box rectangle cross section canal. Structure: canal made by M20 steel enforced concrete, canal bed thickness of ( )m, canal wall thickness of ( )m, canal top thickness of 0.15m. - Lower level canals: Reinforce by box form canal with rectangular cross section (i) canal height H< 1.0m with M20 steel enforced concrete structure, canal bottom thickness of 0,12m, (ii) canal height 1.0m<H<1,50m with M200 steel enforced concrete structure, canal bottom thickness of (0,15-0,20)m, wall thickness of (0,15-0,20)m, canal crest thickness of 0,12m; (iii) for canal with H 0.5m with normal M200 concrete structure, wall and bottom thickness of 0,12m. One canal bank use as management road with ground width of 3.0m, surface width of 2.0m reinforced layer of macadam type 2 with thickness of 0.12m. b. Works on canal: * Works on South main canal: 147

123 - Regulating sluices: 4 sluices. (renewed) - Regulating Duckbill spillway: 02 (renewed). - Bridge for car crossing canal: 06 (renewed 01 load H30, 05 load H13). - Rudimentary bridge: 12 (renewed). - Sluice over civil road: 38 (renewed). - Irrigation sluice at primary canal head: 06 (renewed). - Over level irrigation sluice: 111 (renewed). - Irrigation/drainage combined sluice: 8 (renewed). - Drainage sluice: 10 (renewed 06 ; repaired 04 ). - Output spillway: 05 (renewed). - Aqueduct: 03 (renewed). - Washing station: 100 (renewed 14 ; repaired 86 ). - Dredge 800m drainage canal towards Drainage sluice * Structure: Normal concrete and steel reinforced concrete. * Works on South main canal: - Regulating sluice: 03 (renewed). - Sluice over civil road: 51 (renewed). - Sluice over car road: 10 (renewed). - Plate over canal: 07 (renewed). - Irrigation sluice at primary canal head: 07 (renewed). - Over level irrigation sluice: 92 (renewed 63 ; repaired 29 ). - Drainage sluice: 23 (renewed 22 ; repaired 01 ). - Aqueduct: 02 (renewed). - Washing station: 36 (Renewed). * Structure: Normal concrete and steel reinforced concrete. * Works on primary canals of North main canal: - Regulating sluice: 15 (renewed). - Bridge for car crossing canal H13: 01 (renewed). - Sluice over civil road: 69 (renewed). - Plate over canal: 33 (renewed). - Irrigation sluice at secondary canal head: 15 (renewed). - Over level irrigation sluice: 125 (renewed 121 ; repaired 04 ). - Slide drainage sluice: 17 (renewed). - Output spillway: 03 (renewed). - Aqueduct: 03 (renewed 02 ; repaired 01 ). - Water division cluster: 02 (renewed). - Washing station: 06 (renewed). 148

124 - Fall: 01 (renewed). * Structure: Normal concrete and steel reinforced concrete. * Works on primary canals of South main canal: - Regulating Duckbill spillway: 01 (renewed). - Sluice over civil road: 66 (renewed). - Sluice over car road: 09 (renewed 08 ; repaired 01 ). - Plate over canal: 31 (renewed). - Irrigation sluice at secondary canal head: 33 (renewed). - Over level irrigation sluice: 151 (renewed 146 ; repaired 05 ). - Slide drainage sluice: 07 (renewed). - Washing station: 33 (renewed). * Structure: Normal concrete and steel reinforced concrete. * 2 management areas: At 2 North main canal route and South Main canal Nam with total area 500m2/1 area, area: 125m2/ 1 area, steel enforced concrete frame, wall made by brick and mortal Compensation and resettlement Table 21. Estimated land reclamation for Sub-project 6 Thanh Hoa Province Permanent reclamation Temporary reclamation Impacted area Partly impacted Impacted area Partly impacted Impacted area Partly impacted Impacted area Partly impacted Displace graves Unit (ha) (hhs) (ha) (hhs) (ha) (hhs) (ha) (hhs) Grave Environment a. Social environment - The land clearance activities will partly impact on the livelihood. - In case of conducting unfair and inconsistent compensation, many people will be impacted and will lead to the conflict among the community. Moreover, if the issues related to the land clearance cannot solved comprehensively, it will cause the delay to the general project implementation progress - Promote the seasonal services; increase the demand for foods to meet the requirements of workers involving to the work construction - due to high population density, the increasing of constructional material and means of transportation will cause the unsafely situation including the labor s unsafely 149

125 and disease outbreaks - Create more jobs for on-spot labor; increase the average income per capita; create opportunities to newly construct other works for social welfare - Enhance the infrastructure; hence, the transportation will be more convenient after the completion of the project; create more traffic systems - Provide water for domestic use - Contribute to stabilize the people living conduction, eliminate the situation of deforestation for cultivation, nomadism; create favorable conditions to develop health care, education, people s culture standards, and ensure the public security and national defence. b. Natural environment - The sub-project doesn t have the migration and resettlement. - According to the compensation land clearance report, the total lost due to the subproject construction to the local community is not significant - If the activities of compensation and land clearance for irrigation construction cannot be solved satisfactorily, fairly, and consistently to the existing regulations, it will cause the conflicts among the local community and will cause the delay to the sub-project implementation progress. Total compensated are of the sub-project is 71,500 m2. - The constructional material and temporarily living areas of workers account m 2 the North and South main canals, secondary canals which will cause the change on the soil characteristics, environmental pollution as well as the water surface depletion These above impacts are unavoidable; however, they are insignificant and only occur in a short term and can be mitigated Total investment. Total investment is: USD (Including the contingency) 150

126 5.7.5 Tam Nong and Thanh Thuy irrigation and drainage schemes in Phu Tho Province (sub-project 3) 151

127 152

128 Project area: a. Tam Nong irrigation system: The construction sites are at the right side of the Red River and in the border areas between 2 districts of Tam Nong and Thanh Thuy (the main work is the Dau Duong drainage canal) b. Irrigation system in Thanh Thuy district: The Restore and upgrade the irrigation system of Thanh Thuy district, Phu Tho Province sub-project area located on the Southeast area of Phu Tho Province with the total natural area of 10,130 ha. This sub-project is belonging to 7 communes of Thanh Thuy district Project objectives Ensure the irrigate and drainage for 5,962ha / Total area of basin ha In which: Tam Nong system irrigate/drainage for 3840ha/5962ha Thanh Thuy system irrigate/drainage for 2122ha/5962ha Situation description * Dau Duong drainage canal Drainage current status: The width of clear surface of Dau Duong drainage canal since built so far has not been embellished, dredged. The riverbed is now shrunk severely and remains 3 to 8m in average. Section from Dau Duong drainage canal (spot C29) to Dau Duong gate (spot D101) has a natural length of L = 2,98 km, the canal route is winding, circuitous which causes uneasy flow in terms of hydraulics and prevents Dau Duong drainage canal from guaranteeing drainage for the project area during the rainy season. Water quality: The entire free surface of the river covered with dense water hyacinth, which accumulates in the river year after year without getting picked contaminating water, affecting population and economic activities in the region. The impact of human on Dau Duong drainage canal: People have gradually damaged the nature of Dau Duong drainage canals, both sides of the canal are narrowed for vegetable cultivation. People along the canal drive piles to use as fishing poles, which causes incalculable damage in terms of drainage. Those reasons lead to the current state of Dau Duong drainage canal bed being alerted because its cross-section is narrowed with high sediment level, the canal route is winding and circuitous due to several decades without dredging, flow manipulation and unclog, the cross-section and the deposition of Dau Duong drainage canal has seriously affected the status of irrigation in the region. In the flood season, the canal no longer meets the requirement of gravity flowing, it can't store water during difficult 153

129 time of drainage. In the dry season, the canal is no longer capable of conducting gravity flowing, from Di Nau dam to lower level canals, sluices, local pumping stations in the irrigation system. Irrigation current status: To meet the goal of agricultural development of the region, especially as a basis for the formation of large sample field, it is necessary to upgrade and improve the irrigation system for the large sample field of Thuong Nong commune with an area of 115,6 ha, which currently is an earth canal with high rate of water loss, not ensuring active irrigation requirements for the formation of large sample field * Thanh Thuy district Irrigation system: Drainage current status: Over the past 17 years, during the rainy season of the year, the ability of gravity drainage of the system through Doan Ha sluice is very limited. In average, with 183 days a year of rainy season, gravity drainage lasts 46 days, accounted for 25% of the drainage capacity of the region. The reason is that the water level in Da River water is higher than on farm water level, so the drainage sluice can't be opened for gravity drainage. According to the survey of annual regular flooding area (harvest season from early June to late September, flood elevation is m) part of agricultural land subject to flooding is used for fishery, can't be used to grow rice. This causes great difficulties for production and development of local economy. Irrigation current status: As annually investigated of the current irrigation status of the project areas, the main irrigation resources for the project areas is from Suoi Rong lake, Vai Vit lake, pump stations outside Da dyke and on farm stations with water taken directly from drainage bowels. Specifically: + Suoi Rong Lake is in charge of irrigating for Son Thuy, Bao Yen communes with an irrigated area of 322 ha. + Vai Vit Lake supplies water for Trung Nghia, Dong Luan, Phuong Mao communes, with an irrigated area of 215 ha. + On farm pump stations (05 stations) get water directly from Ngoi Tao drainage axis and provide water for an area of 672 ha. However, this stations is severely downgraded and cannot in charge of an irrigated area of 672 ha Scale. - Design criteria - Type of construction: Irrigation construction 154

130 - Construction level: Construction Level III (According to QCVN 04-05:2012/BNNPTNT) - Level ensuring drainage services: P = 90 % - Construction scale a. Thanh Thuy irrigation system. - Construct Doan Ha drainage pumping stations equipped with 5 pumps with the capacity of 18,000m3/h: design discharge of the station is 25m 3 /s; design working water column is 7.98m; capacity of each unit is 550KW; choose vertical pumpings with metal spiral. - Upgrade 05 on-farm pumping stations: discharge of each station is from m 3 /h; pumping water column is m. - Consolidate by steel enforced concrete for 12 canal routes with the upgraded length of 3,468km/3,468km (upgraded length/total length). Canal structure: canal size bxh=(0.5~0.6)x(0.7~0.8)m; discharge Q= m 3 /s. Canal wall and bed are made of casted in place M200 concrete, canal bottom is underlined with pineapple canvas. To prevent cracks due to uneven subsident for canal: canal is divided into many 10m sections, linking gap among canal sections is made of 2 layers of asphalt wax paper, in the joints there are contiguous horizontal bracings with size bxh = 10x10 made of M200 reinforced concrete. - Construct 02 civil bridges crossing drainage axis. Bridge scale is selected in accordance with the current situation of the topography and traffic of the region. The width of the bridge is B=6m, total length of the bridge should ensure the width of drainage axis at the bridge construction site. With this two bridges, the total length of is L=32m, divided into two spans. The bridge structure is steel enforced concrete casted in place pile. The loaded capacity of the bridges according to the design and needs of means of transportation is selected as in H13T. b. Tam Nong irrigation system: Main invested items: - Construct Dau Duong drainage canals equipped with 4 pumps with the capacity of 18,000 m 3 /h: station s design discharge is 20m 3 /s; design working water column is 7.2m; capacity of each unit is 550KW; vertical pumps with metal spiral chamber is selected. - Consolidate 03 on-farm canal routes with the total length of 2.39 km/ 2.39 km by steel enforced concrete, casted in place and/or rectangle cross section, canal embankment made by bro-cement or brick based on the damaged extent of each canal section. c. Technology application 155

131 The sub-projects apply Spiral Concrete Conveying Pump technology: Spiral Concrete Conveying Pump is especially effective for flood drainage application due to low investment, small area occupation, simple operation, low cost management The characteristic of the spiral pump is that it can use precast concrete foundation assembled by blocks Compensation and resettlement Table 22. Estimated land reclamation for Sub-project 3 Phu Tho Province Permanent reclamation Temporary reclamation Impacted area Partly impacted Impacted area Partly impacted Impacted area Partly impacted Impacted area Partly impacted Displaced graves Unit (ha) (hhs) (ha) (hhs) (ha) (hhs) (ha) (hhs) Grave Environment a. Social environment - There is no ethnic minority in the project area - The sub-project will supply stable irrigated water and create opportunity to expand the local traffic road system - Contribute to create the diversification of agricultural products and increase the accessibility of local people to the market in order to trade or exchange the agricultural products. b. Natural environment Negative impacts: - Frequent discharge of water level will lead to the erosion to the downstream of the works. - The phenomenon water scarcity in the downstream is unavoidable. Water scarcity will cause difficulties in operating some works that utilize and use the water or have negative impact on living condition of local people. - The construction of the dam routes will drain a part of mud, sand, cement; because all these materials will flow to the downstream and cause adverse conditions. Positive impacts: - Regulate the water resources in the region in terms of space and time - Create jobs to reduce the unemployment rate 156

132 - Increase the labor s productivity and crop yield. Husbandry will have change to grow strongly. - Significantly change the living quality including culture life and living standards. - Contribute to stable the production habits and cropping structure; increase the land use coefficient - Improve the underground water resource of the region Total investment: Total investment of the sub-project is USD (including the contingency) 157

133 Small scale irrigation and drainage schemes in Hoa Binh province (subproject 4) 158

134 Sub-project No.4: Small scale irrigation and drainage schemes in Hoa Binh Province Project area: Located in the territory of 10 communes including Mai Hich, Phieng Ve, Xam Khoe, Thanh Ha, Gio Nhan, Lo Son, Gia Mo, Tan Vinh, Cao Phong Town, Tan My of 5 districts of Luong Son, Lac Son, Tan Lac, Cao Phong, Mai Chau of Hoa Binh Province Project objectives: Ensure to provide the gravity irrigated water for 1048 ha of agriculture land (of which, ha rice, 400 ha mandarin tree, and 50.5ha secondary crops) Introduction about the turbine pump Turbine pump is a device includes pump and turbine. Specifically, the impellers and the turbine blades are mounted on the same pump shaft. The water s energy makes the turbine blades rotate; consequently, the impellers also rotate and take the water up. The turbine of the turbine pump is rotating axial and centrifugal pump. In addition to these above principles, the turbine pump has some major advantages namely: turbine and pump is a uniform device, because all the components are in the shame shaft, its structure is very consistent and save engine. Because the pump is submerged in water, the initial priming procedure can be skipped. Besides, this type of pump doesn t pump water directly; hence, the turbine is rarely damaged. The capacity of the pump shaft is designed to take advantage of turbine shaft capacity; for that reason, during the operation process, if the pump s sub-loading changes, the turbine devices will automatically adjust the speed accordingly. In term of operation nature, the turbine and the pump are exactly the same as the electricity generator and the electric motor. Due to this type of characteristic, the turbine pump is suitable to with the topography of mountainous areas. The pump is capable to bring water to the height of 20 to 50m. 159

135 Thîng lu Hạ Figure 6 : Structure of turbine pump 1- Roller bearing; 2-Impeller; 3-Casing; 4-Turbine flow direction; 5-Turbine chamber; 6- Turbine blades; 7-Shaft; 8-Rubber main bearing ; 9- Casing wear ring; 10-Screening; 11-bearing seals; 12- Pump flanges; 13- Grease lid; 14-Turbine tip. The structure of turbine pump is as the Figure 6 including 14 parts: roller bearing, impeller, casing, turbine flow direction, turbine chamber, turbine blades, shaft, rubber main bearing, casing wear ring, screening, bearing seals, pump flanges, grease lid, and turbine tip. The turbine pump was manufactured by Hydropower and Renewable Energy Institute from 12 types from BHL 10-6 to BH Turbine water is usually operated in underwater condition. The water flows through the impellers and rotate the working blades of centrifugal pump (because of connecting to the same shaft) for that reason, the pump will pump the water up by generating centrifugal forces. The water column of the turbine is from 1 4 m; water is pushed up vertically about m and tens of hectares for irrigated water. For the water supply in the mountainous areas, the water column and the irrigation need are different The hydropower and Renewable Energy Institute has designed many different types of pump for different needs: about 12 types from the size of BHL 10-6 to BHL Situation description The number of households in the project area benefited from the project is households, the number of beneficiaries is people, including ethnic minorities 160

136 accounted for 80.6% of the population, the poor household is up to 23.25%, the educational level in the region is still very low, the infrastructure faces with many difficulties. The main income of people here are from agricultural production but currently, the turbine pumps, electric pumps, and reservoirs for water supply for agricultural production of the project area have been seriously degraded. * Sub-project of upgrading turbine and electric pumps - Head dam: + There are five head dams for the turbine pumping station which have the masonry structure, some even covered by steel reinforced concrete. By time, the dam face has been downgraded significantly, the dam foundation has the water permeability phenomenon and erosion, the water has eroded strongly at the downstream of the dam. The stilling ground and wing gates at the downstream have been eroded and fully damaged. The upstream of the dam has been deposited by sand and mud which affected on the water intake capacity and operation conditions masonry dam has been damaged fully. Some places have been reinforced temporarily by gabions. However, these gabions were swept away by flood that cause the breach of dam and hence, the dam cannot contain water anymore. - Factory: + 9 turbine pumping stations have rubbish screen, valve gates, open/close functioned machine which are downgraded and can not contain water. + 8 pumps have been fully broken down + 8 turbine pumps still work but with low efficiency; these pumps cannot provide sufficient water and regular in maintenance. + The electricity pumping station of Nuoc Tra Lake has 04 pumps, 4 thrust sleeves to 04 water storage basins; the dimension of the thrust sleeves is D60. The pumps are broken down; the steel pipes are rusted and cracked by time. The suction tank is deposited and its wall and foundation have been cracked. - On farm canal system: Total length of the on-farm canal is 38.02km, of which: km on-farm canal has the cross section of BxH = (0,4x0,4 -:- 0,7x1,0)m. This canal section was reinforced with the concrete and steel enforced concrete structure + The remaining of 36.8km on-farm canal is earth canal and masonry canal which have been deposited, eroded, and leaked. Hence, it section cannot ensure the water supply for irrigation promptly Scale. 10 water turbine pumping stations and 01 electric pumping station * Construction level: Level IV + Flood design frequency : P = 2 % + Flood test frequency: P= 1% + Irrigation design frequency : P = 75% 161

137 * Technical solutions: Head dam + Re-cover the dam surface of 5 head dams with steel reinforced concrete M300 with the thickness of 20cm; + Handle the permeability with solutions: construct the blanket at the upstream or grouting to prevent the permeability for the dam foundation; + Reinforce the stilling basins and ground, construct the wing wall of 6 head dams; + Repair and upgrade 01 weir with the height of H = 2.5m and the length of L = 77.5 m. The structure is masonry M100, covered by steel enforced concrete M300 with the thickness of 20cm; Factory: Replace 16 pumps of 10 turbine pumping stations; Repair valves and replace the screening, valve wing, open and close machine of 9 water turbine pumping stations; Repair and improve 02 electricity pumping stations of Nuoc Tra reservoir, newly build 02 suction tanks, 02 water storage basins; replace 06 pumps (04 operating pumps and 02 contingency pumps) and the irrigation pipe system. Control house: Newly construct/repair 05/03 houses On-farm canal system: Total length of the on-farm canal is 42.21km; + Concretize 28,21km on-farm canal with 2 main structure - The slopes and bed of the canal are concrete M200 - Canal bed is concrete M200 and slopes are brick M75 + Construct 14km of HDPE pipe line to provide water for irrigated area. Technical application: - Turbine pump is pump which uses no fuel, environment-friendly. - Precast and thin shell concrete technology: Apply for about 15km of canal with the cross section of bxh = (0.3~0.4)x0.4m Compensation and resettlement Table 23. Estimated land reclamation for Sub-project 4 Hoa Binh Province Impacted area Permanent reclamation Temporary reclamation Displaced graves Partly impacted Impacted area Partly impacted Impacted area Partly impacted Impacted area Partly impacted Unit (ha) (hhs) (ha) (hhs) (ha) (hhs) (ha) (hhs) Graves 2, ,

138 Environment a. Social environment - This subproject population is mainly the ethnic minority - The sub-project will supply stable irrigated water and create opportunity to expand the local traffic road system - Contribute to create the diversification of agricultural products and increase the accessibility of local people to the market in order to trade or exchange the agricultural products b. Natural environment Negative impacts: - Frequent discharge of water level will lead to the erosion to the downstream of the works. - During the repair process, the regulating scheme of the reservoirs will be changed; hence, the ensured irrigation level for the downstream is very low - The construction of the dam routes will drain a part of mud, sand, cement; because all these materials will flow to the downstream and cause adverse conditions. Positive impacts: - Regulate the water resources in the region in terms of space and time - Create jobs to reduce the unemployment rate. Increase the labor's productivity and crop yield. Husbandry will have change to grow strongly. Significantly change the living quality including culture life and living standards. - Contribute to stable the production habits and cropping structure; increase the land use coefficient - Improve the underground water resource of the region - When the bypass channel system completed, the canal banks will create a convenient traffic and transportation system Total investment: Total investment of the sub-project is USD (including the contingency) Medium scale irrigation and drainage schemes in Hoa Binh Province (Subproject 5) Project area: Located in 14 communes of Thanh Nong, An Lac, Khoan Du, Yen Bong, My Hoa, Sao Bay, Nam Thuong, Cao Thang, Chi Dao, Thuong Coc, Ngoc Luong, Phu Lai, Bao Huu, and Lac Thinh of 6 districts of Lac Thuy, Kim Boi, Luong Son, Lac Son, Tan 163

139 Lac, and Yen Thuy Hoa Binh Province Project objectives: Ensure irrigated water for 3,218.4 ha rice and secondary crops, aquaculture farming area is 472,7ha Situation description Within the project area, there are 10,867 benefited households and 42,748 beneficiaries; of which the ethnic minority is accounted for 80.6% population; the poverty rate of this area is 23.15%; the educational level in this area is low and the infrastructure is still limited. The main income of people here are from agricultural production but currently, the turbine pumps, electric pumps, and reservoirs for water supply for agricultural production of the project area have been seriously degraded. Sub-project of upgrading and renovating irrigation works includes: there are 16 work clusters including 25 reservoirs; 03 rolling weirs and 34,1km of on-farm canal + Currently, most width of the head dam crest only reaches 3-4m; upstream roof was worn down by waves, and does not guarantee the roof coefficient as designed, some part of the roof has deep erosion from 1-2m, downstream roof is worn down due to flood works of spillway are earth spillways, with narrow bed, and can't guarantee flood. In the rainy season the crest is often eroded deeply and widely to the sides, which is unsafe for the works; 3 works of spillway have been reinforced, but also damaged and can't ensure energy dissipation capacity of the flow, leading to erosion at downstream. + Water intake sluice of the works are mostly without operating valve gates, leaking at the sides may cause unsafe to the main dam km remaining of the canal system is now earth canal with unstable slope, many devious and folded parts, and the current canal is eroded with sediment Scale: There are 16 work clusters; including 25 water reservoirs and 03 dams. - Design criteria: - Construction level: 12 works at level IV + Flood design frequency : P = 2 % + Flood test frequency: P= 1% + Irrigation design frequency : P = 75% - 16 constructions with Construction level: Level III + Flood design frequency : P = 1,5 % 164

140 + Flood test frequency: P= 0,5% + Irrigation design frequency : P = 85% - Technical solutions: Head earth dam: There are 25 water reservoirs works including 25 main dams and 8 auxiliary dams; among that: + Elevate the height of dam crest compared to the current height ΔH= 0-:-7.3 m and embank earth to the downstream sections of 21 works. These activities are due to the extension of irrigated area and the increasing of water demand + Embank earth to the downstream of the 04 earth dams: earth embankment with the design content; the dam surface is overlaid with earth and rocks with the thickness of 0,2m. + The upstream slopes are protected with concrete sheets which are casted in place M200 with the thickness of 0,12m; underneath is lined with grit gradation with the thickness of 0.12m and geo-textile; slope key frame and crest key as well as the slope foot of the downstream have the structure of concrete M The downstream slopes are grasses to protect from the dam crest to the outlet sluice. Arrange a berm with the width of 2m on the downstream slopes with the structure of rock and masonry 10cm in think. The drainage device in the downstream is the louver with masonry structure; underneath is the 15cm think grit and 15cm think yellow sand for the purpose of filtering. Along the dam berms, construct the drain ditches with the dimension of (0.3x0.3) m. These items have the structure of masonry M100 with the thickness of 30cm, grouted with the cement M100 with the thickness of 2cm. Dams: There are 3 works which were constructed long time ago; the surface of the dam has been eroded and deeply pock-marked; the dam body has water leakage; the energy dissipater ground was destroyed; the ground is permeable and has high risk of unsafely in the flood season. The upgrade and repair measures applied as the followings: + 02 dams (Lan and La dams) dismantle the whole masonry and brick parts, newly construct by steel enforced concrete M200 and grouting masonry M dam (Va dam): recover the old dam body with steel enforced M200; repave the right wall at the upstream; reconstruct the energy dissipater tank with the steel concrete M Spillway: there are 25 spillways, most of which are overflow spillway with no valve gate; right behind the spillway is the water slope, energy dissipater tank at the downstream. Of which: + Reinforce 22 spillways. The current situation of theses spillways are earth spillway with the entrance gate structure at the spillway bed; overflow dam, stilling ground by concrete M200; the stilling basin is made of steel enforced 165

141 concrete M200; the wall is made by concrete M Repair and upgrade 3 items of flood spillways. These works are constructed with masonry structure. However, during the operation process, there is no sufficient maintenance; these works have been downgraded significantly. Repair solutions is dismantling these damaged works and newly constructing the spillway with entry gate, spillway sill, stilling ground with the concrete M200; the stilling pool is made of steel enforced concrete M200; the side wall is made of concrete M Intake sluice underneath the dam: There are 37 intake sluices of the reservoirs which are damaged and water leaked. The repair solutions is dismantling the old and damaged sluices; newly constructing the sluices with the structure of steel pipes with the diameter of D=250-:-600mm; length of L= 5.3 -:- 197m; the covered part is made of steel enforced concrete M200. Open and shut-down valves are allocated at the downstream parts and at the control house. - Irrigated canals: consolidate 34.1 km on-farm canal, of which: + Repair 2.7m of constructed canal with the design cross section s dimension BxH= (0.3x0.3 -:- 0.5x0.7) m. The canal that is made of brick, masonry currently have water leakage and water loss situation. The repair solutions are newly constructed the broken section and paved the inside part of the leaking section. + Consolidate 31.4 km on-farm canal, which is currently the earth canal. Technical solution: consolidate by steel enforced concrete, casted in place and/or rectangle cross section, canal embankment made by bro-cement or brick based on the damaged extent of each canal section. - The operation and management road combined with the public road: Construct the road crossing 21 reservoirs with the total length of 16.8km, the width of road surface is 3.5km lining with riprap of 20cm thickness. * Technical application: - Geotextile protecting dam slope: Apply for homogeneous earth dams in the sub project. - For diversion canal: Thin shell precast concrete canal, concrete bed and brick wall, cast in place reinforced concrete canal, plastic canal and water pipe suitable with actual terrain and construction conditions of each structure Compensation and resettlement Table 24. Estimated land reclamation for Sub-project 5 Hoa Binh Province Permanent reclamation Temporary reclamation 166

142 Impacted area Partly impacted Resettlement hhs Impacted trade Impacted area Partly impacted Resettlement hhs Impacted trade Displace grave Unit (ha) (hhs) (hhs) (hhs) (ha) (hhs) (hhs) (hhs) Grave 8, , Environment a. Social environment - There is no ethnic minority in the project area - The sub-project will supply stable irrigated water and create opportunity to expand the local traffic road system - Contribute to create the diversification of agricultural products and increase the accessibility of local people to the market in order to trade or exchange the agricultural products b. Natural environment Negative impacts: - Frequent discharge of water level will lead to the erosion to the downstream of the works. - During the repair process, the regulating scheme of the reservoirs will be changed; hence, the ensured irrigation level for the downstream is very low - The construction of the dam routes will drain a part of mud, sand, cement; because all these materials will flow to the downstream and cause adverse conditions * Positive impacts: - Regulate the water resources in the region in terms of space and time - Create jobs to reduce the unemployment rate. Increase the labor's productivity and crop yield. Husbandry will have change to grow strongly. Significantly change the living quality including culture life and living standards. - Contribute to stable the production habits and cropping structure; increase the land use coefficient - Improve the underground water resource of the region - When the bypass channel system completed, the canal banks will create a convenient traffic and transportation system Total investment: Total investment is: USD (Including contingency) 167

143 5.6.8 Small scale irrigation and village ponds in Ha Giang Province (sub-project 1) Sub-project No.1: Small scale irrigation in 3 low-lying districts of Bac Quang, Quang Binh, and Vi Xuyen, Ha Giang province Project area: Include the irrigation works of 3 low-lying districts of Bac Quang, Quang Binh, and 168

144 Vi Xuyen. The geographical coordinates of the area is 22 o o Northern latitude; 104 o o Eastern longitude Project objectives Ensure to supply water for 3,098 ha of paddy and secondary crops; 17 ha of aquaculture farming, and domestic use of 4,255 persons Situation description This is the key area of food production in Ha Giang, ensuring 70% of the demand for rice in the province, the current work items are damaged and do not provide enough water for the area, production yield and capacity reduce seriously which threatens the assurance of local food. - The items of reservoir and head areas (5 items): A reservoir is formed by the topography of rivers, streams and dam making. Reservoirs with sediment reduce the useful capacity and water supply for the dry season, sediment fills the intake gates. Earth dams are seriously damaged: the crest and slope have landslide threatening the dam and downstream safety, the dam body and ground are strongly absorbing; water intake sluices leak, damaged gates no longer have regulating function, flood spillway is broken and scaled off or not reinforced, which does not guarantee safety, leading to erosion at downstream of the spillways and earth dam. - Weir (31 items): including 2 types + The first type is the temporary weir which was built by the community in benefited area. The weir was constructed from materials such as bamboo, wood, stone, soil, etc. Every year, people have to reinforce or even completely rebuild after floods; operating and maintenance costs are expensive and disrupt water supply (12 weirs). + The second type is concrete or stone weirs constructed by the budget allocated from the State Budget. Currently, the weir bed is eroded which reduces the loading capacity. In addition, the energy dissipation function is damaged causing erosion at the downstream and weir bed and increasing the risk of instability. The permeability phenomenon within the weir bed and body has caused the water loss and water shortage for domestic use supply (19 weirs). - Canal system (79.89km) and pipe system (17.67km): water is taken from the reservoirs and weirs mentioned above most of which are earth canals. A very small percentage of the canal system has been reinforced to ensure the stability; therefore, the water supply is not guaranteed due to the inconsistence system. The diversion canals can only guaranteed to provide 50% of the designed flow as 169

145 required, the duration of water supply for the irrigation area is longer than at the canal head and can't ensure equitable water supply across the route Scale. Construction level and Design criteria Each item in the sub-projects has an independent position and is in charge of independent tasks with various scales, so the construction level will be identified specifically for each item: - According to the task, each construction is in charge of a maximum area of less than 2,000 ha, according to the QCVN /BNNPTNT, the constructions are level IV constructions; - Reservoirs of sub-projects have a maximum storage capacity of <3 million m3 and under construction level IV; From the calculated results of water balance and scale of the proposed items, there are 6 level III items and 30 level IV items. The frequency ensures the water supply for the constructions providing irrigation as well as domestic water, up to 85% for level III constructions and 75% or level IV constructions. Flood design and test frequency, construction flood Type of frequency and discharge Level III Level IV Frequency and design flood discharge, % Frequency and test flood discharge, % Frequency and diversion discharge, % Construction scale - Upgrade and repair water reservoirs and head work (5 works): 3 earth dam have to be maintained the scale and dam crest elevation; only repaired and reinforced the dam crest and dam slopes. The highest height of the dam is 14m; capacity of the largest reservoir is 389,500m3. Embank earth and reinforce the dam crest; overlay the dam surface by riprap with thickness of 20cm; allocate water drain items for the dam crest. Reinforce the upstream slopes with riprap with the thickness of 30cm; grass the downstream slopes. Drain the water for the downstream toe by prism rock fill. 1 earth dam has been heightened to increase the efficiency capacity. Solutions: additionally embank the downstream section; the highest height of the dam is 8.5cm; capacity of the largest reservoir is 40,950m3. The dam surface is overlaid with grits with the thickness of 10cm; allocate water drain items for the dam crest. Reinforce the upstream slopes with riprap with the thickness of 30cm; grass the downstream slopes. Drain the water for the downstream toe by 170

146 prism rock fill 01 reinforced concrete dam has been reconstructed to form the water reservoir with regulating function. The capacity of the improved reservoir is 145,000m3 the highest height of the dam is 13.5m. The dam has the structure of rubble backing and covered with steel reinforced concrete. The stilling basin has the structure of steel reinforced concrete. 4 spillways are reinforced with steel reinforced concrete and arrange the stilling basins at the end of the spillway. 10 intake sluices are renewed with concrete encased steel, with additional and replaced valve gates that are capable of regulating the flow. Gates have steel structures; lifting equipment is a manually controlled machine. - Upgrade, repair and reinforce spillways (31 spillways) 12 temporary spillways constructed of wood, stone, gabions are renovated and replaced by gravity-type concrete dams, with M150 concrete body, M250 steel enforced concrete coated face, energy dissipation tank has M250 concrete structure, boundary wall has steel enforced concrete structures, and the wall's peak is higher than tested flood levels. 19 concrete spillways with slightly damages have these proposed solutions: + M200 concrete will be casted to complete the dams with damaged core; connect the old to the new dams by drilling and using steel joints; + The dam body and the dam ground are waterproofed; + The dam surface is covered with M250 concrete to achieve designed dam crest elevation; ensure spill apparatus for flood discharge; reinforce or newly construct the stilling basin to reach safety standards; + Repair or replace the steel valve gates at the intake gates to regulate the flow into the canals. - Upgrade, repair and reinforce the channel system: Reinforce 79.89km canal and17.67km pipe lines The existing bypass channels should maintain the current slope, rectangular cross section, M200 concrete. Sections crossing through terrain with greater horizontal slopes are covered with plates and braces, on-farm canals are designed according to typical irrigated areas, with precast concrete structure. Pipeline has diameter ranging from 32 mm to 500 mm, steel structure, pipes are supported on pylons or buried in the ground, with bleed valves to exhaust ventilation at points where pipes pass through with local height and stop to regulate the flow. Reinforce works on canals such as bridge aqueducts, water slopes, spillways for water division; allocate appropriately the water division gates and operation 171

147 valves. All these works have the steel enforced concrete structure. * Technology application: Thin shell and precast concrete technology: applied for about 25km canal with the cross section of bxh = (0.3~0.6)x(0.3~0.7)m Compensation and resettlement Table 25. Estimated land reclamation for Sub-project 1 Ha Giang Province Permanent reclamation Temporary reclamation Impacted area Partly impacted Resettlement households Impacted trade Impacted area Partly impacted Resettlement Impacted trade Displace graves (ha) (hhs) (hhs) (hhs) (ha) (hhs) (hhs) (hhs) Graves Environment a. Social environment. - Develop the irrigation system, ensure sustainable development, use water resources efficiently, response and mitigate natural disaster, protect the environment and eco system, combine to improve the living standards and production condition - Create significant, strong, and sustainable changes in agriculture production for poor districts of Ha Giang Province - Fruit trees also develop noticeably and will form the specialized growing areas of high economic value. - Husbandry and fishery will develop stably and become the main production - Changes the cropping and animal structure that will gradually shift from selfsufficiency to goods production; hence, the agricultural sector is more and more growing and expanding. - The number of people benefiting from the project is very numerous; among that: 38.17% of poor households in the subproject area will benefit from the project which is equivalent to 5,834 households. - The ecological environment in the project area will be improved - In the benefited areas from the sub-projects, there are many ethnic minorities with people; hence the investment will provide opportunities for creating jobs and income; improving production efficiency, agricultural productivity and yield; and enhance the livelihoods 172

148 - About 25,771 people/5,004 households will benefit from this sub-project. - The sub-project will supply stable irrigated water and create opportunity to expand the local traffic road system - Contribute to create the diversification of agricultural products and increase the accessibility of local people to the market in order to trade or exchange the agricultural products b. Natural environment * Negative impacts: - Frequent discharge of water level will lead to the erosion to the downstream of the works. - During the repair process, the regulating scheme of the reservoirs will be changed; hence, the ensured irrigation level for the downstream is very low - The construction of the dam routes will drain a part of mud, sand, cement; because all these materials will flow to the downstream and cause adverse conditions * Positive impacts: - Regulate the water resources in the region in terms of space and time - Create jobs to reduce the unemployment rate. Increase the labor's productivity and crop yield. Husbandry will have change to grow strongly. Significantly change the living quality including culture life and living standards. - Contribute to stable the production habits and cropping structure; increase the land use coefficient - Improve the underground water resource of the region - When the bypass channel system completed, the canal banks will create a convenient traffic and transportation system Total investment: Total investment is: USD (Including the contingency) Ha Giang Province: Multipurpose village ponds scheme (Sub-project 2) Project area: Include irrigation works and multipurpose water supply works of 4 mountainous districts of Yen Minh, Quang Ba, Dong Van and Meo Vac; the geographical location is 22 o o23 10 northern latitude; 104 o o Eastern longitude Project objectives: Ensure to supply water for 226 ha paddy and secondary crops; and aquaculture farming area receive water is 5ha, water supply for domestic use of 15,662 persons 173

149 Situation description Na Ruoc Irrigation was a small reservoir built by local people, capable of regulating water for 2 weirs at downstream, supplying water for irrigation and living activities in Yen Minh town. In the flood season in 2008, the weir was destroyed and couldn't regulate water in the dry season. Due to water regulating structures no longer available, the downstream suffers from severe dehydration: the irrigated area for winter-spring crop is only 5 ha / 40ha of agricultural land and about 5,000 people are short of water for living activities. At 16 residential areas, water shortage period usually lasts from October to the following April. To get domestic water, people have to walk tens of kilometers and it takes half-day to get enough water for 4 5 days for the family. Water is mainly used for drinking and cooking. Over many generations, having enough water for production and domestic activities are every people in the rocky highlands' wishes Scale Construction level and Design criteria Each item in the sub-projects has an independent position and is in charge of independent tasks with various scales, so the construction level will be identified specifically for each item: - According to the task, each construction is in charge of a maximum area of less than 2,000 ha, according to the QCVN /BNNPTNT, the constructions are level IV constructions; - Reservoirs of sub-projects have a maximum storage capacity of <3 million m3 and under construction level IV; From the calculated results of water balance and scale of the proposed items, there are 1 level III item and 16 level IV items. The frequency ensures the water supply for the constructions providing irrigation as well as domestic water, up to 85% for level III constructions and 75% or level IV constructions. Flood design and test frequency, and construction flood Type of frequency and discharge Level III Level IV Frequency and design flood discharge, % Frequency and test flood discharge, % Frequency and diversion discharge, % Construction scale There are 17 reservoirs under the sub-project 2 that will be constructed to store water 174

150 for water-scarcity areas of 4 mountainous districts. The capacity of each reservoir is 3,000m 3 56,100m 3. Type 1: reservoirs are constructed by earth embankment (01 reservoir capacity of 56,100m 3, highest height of dam is 9.7m) - Annual regular reservoirs. - Dam is embanked by earth with compaction coefficient according to the regulation. Structure of dam crest is grit with 20cm thickness; the dam surface is slope to the downstream with the gradient i = 3%. - Dam slopes and dam slope protection: dam slopes are selected on the basis of slope stability calculations. In addition, the length of saturation line should be long enough to control the permeable gradient for the dam embankment materials. Arrange berms at the slopes of upstream and downstream dam in order to increase the stability of the dam - Upstream slope reinforcement by 30cm riprap; underneath is the continuous counter-current leaching layer including grits and sand. Each layer has the thickness of 10cm. Plant grass at the downstream and arrange water drain ditch for the dam slopes with the ration slope of 45o; inside filled with gravels. - Flood spillway with freely flowing regime, followed by the lower slope and basin of water, overflow structure is steel enforced concrete, rear discharge canal is riprap structures; - Intake sluice has the structure of steel enforce concrete, install regulating valve at the downstream. The valve gate has the structure of steel; the lifting equipment is open and shut-down device control manually. Type 2: 16 Village ponds for multi-purposes use: provide water for domestic use, irrigation, and husbandry. - The reservoir wall has the structure of steel reinforce concrete sloping wall M250; the reservoir wall was divided into the medium sections of 6m; each section connects to other by settling joints combining with the impermeable PVC joints. - The reservoir bed has the different layers. From the surface to the bottom, there are layers of cement grout M100 with the thickness of 2cm, steel reinforced concrete M250 with the thickness of 15cm, water proofing textile HDPE with the thickness of 1.5mm, and the lining concrete M100 with the thickness of 5cm. The bottom slab is divided into smaller slabs with the average dimension of 7mx5m; the impermeable component is PVC joints and asphalted bags - The drain ditch for surface water surrounding the reservoir has the structure of concrete M150; the ditch is allocated around the reservoir to drain water surface. 175

151 - Water filter tanks 02 water filter tanks with steel enforced concrete structure, dimension of 5x2x1.2 m, with filter level, geo-membrane pipe line, and regulating valve; - Wells are allocated near the reservoir entrance gate, with the structure of steel reinforced concrete M250 and have lids. - The fence is constructed surround the reservoir with the brick structure M75. Its gate is made of steel with the dimension L50x50x5. Bypass rectangular cross section canal supply water from Na Ruoc reservoir with the total length of 3.17km,, concrete M200,. Arrange every 10m one concrete brace M200. arrange steel enforced concrete M200 sheet with 8cm thickness for the topography is sloping and unstable geology, * Technology application: - geo-membrane HDPE applied for the hanging reservoirs - Plastic joint PVC Compensation and resettlement Table 26. Estimated land reclamation for Sub-project 2 Ha Giang Province Permanent reclamation Temporary reclamation Impacted area Partly impacted Impacted area Partly impacted Impacted area Partly impacted Impacted area Partly impacted Displace grave (ha) (hhs) (ha) (hhs) (ha) (hhs) (ha) (hhs) Grave Environment a. Social environment. - Develop the irrigation system, ensure sustainable development, use water resources efficiently, response and mitigate natural disaster, protect the environment and eco system, combine to improve the living standards and production condition - Fruit trees also develop noticeably and will form the specialized growing areas of high economic value. - Husbandry and fishery will develop stably and become the main production - Changes the cropping and animal structure that will gradually shift from selfsufficiency to goods production; hence, the agricultural sector is more and more growing and expanding. 176

152 - The number of people benefiting from the project is very numerous namely people, among that: 38.17% of poor households in the subproject area will benefit from the project which is equivalent to 5,834 households. - The ecological environment in the project area will be improved - In the benefited areas from the sub-projects, there are many ethnic minorities with people; hence the investment will provide opportunities for creating jobs and income; improving production efficiency, agricultural productivity and yield; and enhance the livelihoods - About 16,954 people/ 3,260 households will benefit from the sub-project. - The sub-project will supply stable irrigated water and create opportunity to expand the local traffic road system - Contribute to create the diversification of agricultural products and increase the accessibility of local people to the market in order to trade or exchange the agricultural products. b. Natural environment * Negative impacts: - Frequent discharge of water level will lead to the erosion to the downstream of the works. - During the repair process, the regulating scheme of the reservoirs will be changed; hence, the ensured irrigation level for the downstream is very low - The construction of the dam routes will drain a part of mud, sand, cement; because all these materials will flow to the downstream and cause adverse conditions * Positive impacts: - Regulate the water resources in the region in terms of space and time - Create jobs to reduce the unemployment rate. Increase the labor's productivity and crop yield. Husbandry will have change to grow strongly. Significantly change the living quality including culture life and living standards. - Contribute to stable the production habits and cropping structure; increase the land use coefficient - Improve the underground water resource of the region - When the bypass channel system completed, the canal banks will create a convenient traffic and transportation system Total investment: Total investment is: 7,075,063USD (Including the contingency) 177

153 Table 27. Summary of tasks and Design criteria of subprojects No Name of sub project Sub project 1: Irrigation system of 3 lowland districts Bac Quang, Quang Binh and Vi Xuyen - Ha Construction location Irrigation (ha) Drainage (ha) Task Construction level Guarantee frequency (%) Flood frequency (%) Aquaculture (ha) Ha Giang ,0 Domestic water (person) Headworks Canal Irrigation Drainage Domestic water Design Test Limit III-IV IV ,5-2,0 0,5-1,0 Giang Province Sub project 2: Irrigation systems in 4 mountainous districts Quang Ba, Ha Giang 186 5,0 Dong Van, Meo Vac and Yen (person) III-IV IV ,5-2,0 0,5-1,0 Minh - Ha Giang Province Sub project 3: Renovate and upgrade irrigation system in Tam 5962/ Phu Tho 788 Nong, Thanh Thuy - Phu Tho III IV ,0 Province Sub project 4: Renovate and upgrade turbine and electric pump Hoa Binh IV IV 75 1,5-2,0 0,5-1,0 stations in Hoa Binh Province Sub project 5: Renovate and upgrade irrigation works in Hoa Hoa Binh 3.218,4 473 III-IV IV ,5-2,0 0,5-1,0 Binh Province Sub project 6: Upgrade the pump station canal system in Southern Thanh Hoa Special II-IV-V 75 0,1 0,02 0,01 Ma river - Thanh Hoa Province Sub project 7: Multi-purpose exploit the Ke Go and Rac river Ha Tinh irrigation systems - Ha Tinh (m 3 /day) I-II II-III ,5-1,0 0,1-0,2 PMF Province Sub project 8- Improve irrigated agriculture in Quang Tri Province Quang Tri II-III III-IV ,0 0, Sub project 9 Improve irrigated Quang Nam agriculture in Quang Nam Province (m 3 /day) I-II II-III PMF Project benefit area (ha) I 178

154 No. Province Sub-project 1 Ha Giang 2 Phu Tho Sub-project 1: Small scale irrigation and drainage schemes in Ha Giang province Sub-project 2: Small scale irrigation and village ponds in Ha Giang Province Sub-project 3: Tam Nong and Thanh Thuy irrigation and drainage schemes in Phu Tho Province 3 Hoa Binh Sub-project 4: Small scale irrigation and drainage schemes in Hoa Binh province Sub-project 5: Medium scale irrigation and drainage schemes in Feasibility Study Report Table 28. Summary table of sub-project in 7 provinces under Irriga -tion Water supply area (ha) Drain -age Aquaculture Water supply (person/m3 /day, night) No. of beneficiaries (person) No. of impacted households Construction scale persons Repair and upgrade 5 reservoirs, 31 weirs; reinforce km canal and 17.67km pipe line persons Construct 17 water reservoirs and multipurpose village ponds; reinforce 3.17km canal drainage pumping stations; 05 on-farm pumping stations; 15 on-farm canal routes L=5,858km; 02 civil bridges Upgrade 10 water turbine pumping stations and 01 electric pumping station: enhance 10 dams; 10 water turbine pumps; 02 electric pumps; repair and improve the suction tank of electric pumping stations. 3218,4 472, Repair and upgrade 16 work clusters (25 reservoirs and 03 dams): upgrade 25 main dams and 08 auxiliary dams; 03 dams; 25 spillways; 37 intake sluices underneath the 179 Prioritized selected technical solutions Thin shell and precast concrete technology: applied for about 25km canal with the cross section of bxh = (0.3~0.6)x(0.3~0.7)m PVC plastic joints, waterproofing membrane HDPE Concrete volute chamber technology - Environment-friendly technology with turbine pumping without using electricity - Thin shell and precast aqueduct applied for about 15km canal with the cross section of (0.3~0.4)x0.4m - Applied Geotextile to protect the dam slopes - Thin shell and precast Total investment (USD)

155 No. Province Sub-project Irriga -tion Water supply area (ha) Drain -age Aquaculture Water supply (person/m3 /day, night) No. of beneficiaries (person) No. of impacted households Construction scale Hoa Binh Province dam; 34,1km on-farm canal; and 16.8 management and operation road 4 Thanh Hoa 5 Ha Tinh Sub-project 6: South Ma irrigation and drainage scheme in Thanh Hoa province Sub-project 7: Ke Go and Rac River irrigation and drainage schemes in Ha Tinh province m 3 /day night Repair 02 main canal route L=43,86/43,86km; 12 primary canals with length of L = 59.94/83.68km; works on main canal 536 items, secondary canals 621 items; 02 management stations; 1) Ke Go irrigation system: Upgrade 5 secondary canal routes with the total length of L=16,995/16,995km; 08 tertiary canal with total length of L=23,418/23,418km; 63 on-farm canal routes with total length of L=73,083/73,083km. Works on canal: repair 667 irrigation sluices, 20 drainage sluices, 395 civil bridges, and 15 water steps Regulating works 08 locations; water measurement weir: 57 locations. 2) Rac River system: Upgrade 33 secondary canal routes, Total length of 20,844/20,844km. Canal level 3 : Upgrade14 canal routes with total length of 25,944/25,944km Over level canal: Upgrade 10 canal routes with total length of 20,959/20,959km On-farm canal: Upgrade 06 canal routes with total length of 7,159/7,159km 180 Prioritized selected technical solutions aqueduct applied for about 14km canal with the cross section of (0.3~0.4)x0.4m Gravity irrigation, automatic regulation - Automatic regulation - Precast and thin shell canal aqueduct. - The canal length will apply the precast technology Ke Go: 18 canal routes with the total length of L=12,773km Rac River: Total onfarm canal route with the total length of L=7,159km Total investment (USD)

156 No. Province Sub-project 6 Quang Tri Sub-project 8: Medium scale irrigation and drainage schemes in Quang Tri province Feasibility Study Report Irriga -tion Water supply area (ha) Drain -age Aquaculture Water supply (person/m3 /day, night) No. of beneficiaries (person) No. of impacted households UBN D Construction scale Works on canal: Upgrade, repair: 374 irrigation sluices, 49 drainage sluices, 213 civil bridges and 22 troughs. Regulating works 18 locations; water measurement crump weir: 13 locations. 1) La Nga Irrigation system: improve 01 main dam; 02 auxiliary dams; 01 intake sluice; 01 flood spillway; 03 management and construction roads with the total length of L=1,98km; electricity line for management and operation L=2,0km; main canal 478,9/3541m; 02 primary canal routes L=2,9/11,03km;; 03 secondary canal routes L=3,7/8,3km; 62 on-farm canal routes L=25,5/85,3km; 02 drainage axis L=6,09km; 01 drainage sluice in combination with salinity prevention; Works on canal: 02 siphons, 01 sluice crossing road, 02 drainage sluice, 04 bridge, 01 spillway, 02 irrigated sluices; 01 drainage sluice in combination with salinity prevention, management and construction roads with the total length of L= 810m Water regulating works: 2 long crested spillway 2) Truc Kinh Ha Thuong irrigation system: + Truc Kinh Irrigation system: Improve 01 main dam; 04 auxiliary dams; 01 intake sluice; management road L=2,8km; 1,2km electricity line; 01 control Prioritized selected technical solutions Handling permeability: handling permeability in the dam body and ground by drilling and grouting cement method. Overflow handling: pump and seal leaking joints for waterproofing and seal by grouting cement and AM latex 302 Termite handling: Use radar and Ultrasonic Machine; handle by grouting method to cover termite nests. Siphon handling: Replace siphon by composite material Automatic regulating Control water measurement Aqueduct canal is precast 181 Total investment (USD)

157 No. Province Sub-project 7 Quang Nam Sub-project 9: Quang Nam province: Phu Ninh and Khe Tan irrigation and drainage scheme Feasibility Study Report Irriga -tion Water supply area (ha) Drain -age Aquaculture Water supply (person/m3 /day, night) No. of beneficiaries (person) No. of impacted households Construction scale house; 01 main canal route L=3,03/15,58km; 02 primary canal route L=1,33/9,787km; 24 secondary canals L= 7,097/7,097km, 9 tertiary canals L=3,42km, works on canal: on main canal, repair 06 intake sluice, 01 aqueduct bridge, 01 regulating sluice, 01 sluice and other works on secondary, tertiary and over level canal; dredge the drainage axis L=3700m, replace the canal management house; newly construct 01 transport bridge. Water regulating works: 2 long-crested spillways. Water measurement scrump weir: 8 locations + Ha Thuong irrigation system: Improve 6292m primary canal; 13,110.9m secondary canal; 2,337m tertiary canal and 1,7575.1m pumping station canal. Repair and newly construct 624 works on canal m3/day, night * Phu Ninh irrigation system: Main canal: L=7,1/47km; 18 primary canal routes L=58,3/82km; 109 secondary canal L=83,6/179,7km; 20 tertiary canal routes L=68/97,8km; 07 pumping station canal routes L=13,54/34km; works on canal increase Level and newly build: 52 falls, 14 troughs, 158 over canal bridges, 34 cross road sluices, 74 drainage sluices, 287 irrigation sluices, 5 output spillway, 52 input spillway, 5 outlet spillway, 4 siphons, 17 end of canal sluices; drainage 182 Prioritized selected technical solutions which is applied for about 12km of canal in La Nga irrigation system - Automatic regulating - Control the water measurement; - Precast and thin shell aqueduct applied for secondary canal with the cross section from 60x40cm downwards; and depends on the geological conditions of each canal routes; - Neoweb material Total investment (USD)

158 No. Province Sub-project Feasibility Study Report Irriga -tion Water supply area (ha) Drain -age Aquaculture Water supply (person/m3 /day, night) No. of beneficiaries (person) No. of impacted households Construction scale system on the whole route; management road: 10km ton main canal and roads on primary canals. Water level regulating constructions: 10 regulating clusters and 44 long crest spillways. * Khe Tan irrigation system: upgrade 01 main canal L=10/14,6km, 10 primary canals L=18,2/25,7km, 37 secondary and tertiary canals L=35,3/35,3km, works on canal: increase Level and newly build: 02 falls, 06 troughs, 21 over canal bridges, 13 cross road sluices, 14 drainage sluices, 138 irrigation sluices, 17 output spillway, 04 outlet spillway, 01 siphon; renovate drainage systems of 5 communes, upgrade10km management road. Water level regulating constructions: 10 regulating clusters and 22 long crest spillways; 10 flow measuring well. 183 Prioritized selected technical solutions technology: it is expected to apply the Neoweb material to excavation and have less complication geology Total investment (USD)

159 Table 29. Total length of canal under sub-projects F Irrigation (F before the project /F after the project) (ha) F Irrigation (F before the project /F after the project)) (ha) Sub-project 1 Ha Giang Phu Tho Hoa Binh Thanh Hoa Subproject 2 Subproject 3 Subproject 4 Subproject / / / / / / / / Sub-project / / Ha Tinh Sub-project 7 Ke Go Rac River La Nga Quang Tri Sub-project 8 Truc Kinh Ha Thuong Quang Nam Sub-project 9 Phu Ninh Khe Tan 18917/ / / / / /2000 F Drainage (ha) Main canal Total length (m) In good condition (m) Repair (m) 478, BxHxt (cm) Trapezium Primary canal Total length(m) In good condition (m) Repair (m) Secondary canal Total length (m) In good condition (m) Repair (m) Tertiary canal and onfarm canal Total length (m) In good condition (m) 1400/235 0 Repair (m) , / / /

160 BxHxL(m) Thickness (txl) and B (cm) respectively Pipe line Drainage canal Total length (m) In good condition (m) 6 B<0. B>= 0.6 Sub-project 1 ( ) x( ) Ha Giang Phu Tho Hoa Binh Thanh Hoa Subproject 2 ( ) x( ) Subproject 3 ( ) x( ) Subproject 4 ( )x0.4 x15800 Subproject 5 ( )x0. 4 x32620 (5-10) (5-10) Sub-project 6 Ha Tinh Sub-project 7 Ke Go Rac River La Nga 0.6x( )x (12-15) KBN t=10cm ( )x ( ) x3040 (12-15) KBN t=10cm ( ) x( ) Quang Tri Sub-project cm wall constructed, 15cm concrete bottom slab Repair (m) BxHxL(m) Pumping station canal Total length (m) In good condition (m) Repair (m) 17575, BxHxL(m) (12-18) X Truc Kinh ( ) x( ) Ha Thuong Quang Nam Sub-project 9 Phu Ninh Khe Tan ( ) x( ) Brick15cm, steel enforced concrete with thickness of 12cm Applied for the length of precast canal (m) ( ) x( )mx25km ~25% Not applicable Not applicable ( )x0.4m x15km~40 % ( )x0.4 m x14km~ 40% 0.6x( )mx 12.77km~1 3% ( )x ( )m x7.16km~1 3% ( ) x( )mx12km~ 47% Not applicable ( ) x( )mx8 km~47% ( ) x( )mx70k m~72% 185

161 Develop field models and on-farm irrigation system for climate smart agricultural production As the role of serving agricultural production, these field model, irrigation systems onfarm irrigation systems and the invested construction sites in the project are selected during planning stage and based on facilities associated with the climate smart sample areas for agricultural production, with criteria such representing geographic zones, climate; specific crops in the region with high economic value, water sources, irrigation regime, etc. The major activities in the implementation phase of planning field models and on-farm irrigation system include: Apply advanced and modern methods, technology in building field dam/plot systems; complete on-farm canal system, irrigation control and regulating structures; Arrange and install instrumentation, monitoring devices of changes in water level, water quality, etc. for those models: - Model of large sample rice field (200 ha in Phu Tho (2 models), 150 ha in Thanh Hoa (2), 130 ha in Ha Tinh (2), 120 ha in Quang Tri (3), 150 ha in Quang Nam (3): shall apply the improved intensive system (SRI) during production process with the water regime on field is wet-dry alternately. Therefore, on-farm irrigation system will be built with tight water instrumentation and control devices. + Develop field dam, plot systems; + Complete on-farm canal system with active and separated irrigation, alternately wet-dry regime (maintain a shallow layer of water on the field and complete drainage during the period requiring dry fields); + Build regulating and control works for irrigation and drainage; + Install instrumentation, monitoring devices of water level, water quality. - The models of intensive farming and crop diversification (50 ha in Phu Tho (1 model), 100 ha in Thanh Hoa (2), 50 ha in Ha Tinh (2), 80 ha in Quang Tri (4), 70 ha in Quang Nam (2)): will focus on completing the canal system and water regulating works on the field to meet the water needs of diverse crops, ensure that water regime for different cultivation of different crops not affect each other. + Develop field dam, plot systems; + Complete the canal system to ensure conditions for rice flooding irrigation, furrow irrigation, strip irrigation for vegetable and consider the need for sprinkler irrigation methods by soft pipe and mobile nozzle of the people when needed; + Build regulating and control works for irrigation and drainage; + Install instrumentation, monitoring devices of water level, water quality. - The models of flowers, fruit and vegetables (in Hoa Binh, Ha Giang): will choose Page 186

162 one of these advanced irrigation methods and techniques, which is drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation or a suitable economic method after survey, detailed assessment of crops, climate, topography, soil and other related factors (since this is not the common canal system, funding estimation will be planned separately). + Build a pressurizing system; + Arrange and install pipe system and irrigation devices; + Install monitoring devices of water level, water pressure; + Install instrumentation, monitoring devices. (See details in Annex M) Table 30. Budget of develop field models and on-farm irrigation system No. B2 Total Estimated budget allocation (USD) Content budget Phu Tho Thanh Hoa Ha Tinh Quang Tri Quang Nam USD On-farm irrigation system for supporting the climate smart agriculture models B2.1 Large field models (200ha in Phu Tho, 150ha in Thanh Hoa, 130ha in Ha Tinh, 120ha in Quang Tri, 150ha in Quang Nam) B2.2 SRI and crop diversification models (50ha in Phu Tho, 100ha in Thanh Hoa, 50ha in Ha Tinh, 80ha in Quang Tri, and 70ha in Quang Nam) Training and capacity building a. Objectives The main objectives of the training and capacity building within this Component are to provide knowledge on the modernization of irrigation works as well as the management techniques; operate and utilize the irrigation works effectively to stakeholders (Client provincial irrigation and drainage board), service provider - IMC/IME, and water use organizations (WUAs). b. Training subjects The main subjects of these training activities within this Component are stakeholders including: - Client (DARD, water resources division and agencies at provincial level that involve in the irrigation management and utilization) - Technical irrigation work companies (service provider) - Water use organizations (WUAs: with the role of grass root irrigation organizations bridge between IMC and farmers - Training of Trainers (ToT) Page 187

163 c. Training content Client (irrigation and drainage management board, Irrigation Service Management Board): + Irrigation modernization: Approach, objectives, content, requirements, and road map for implementation. + PIM (client) Technical Irrigation Work Companies (IMC/IME): + Operate the system using the modernization approach (approach, content, requirements, etc.) + Integrated water resources management in effective and sustainable manner + Techniques on preparing water allocation plan + Techniques on canal operation plan. + Techniques on water allocation and regulation + Techniques on water measurement + Techniques on canal operation using SCADA system + System maintenance + PIM (service provider) Water use organizations (WUAs) + Operational techniques on water allocation + Operational techniques on on-farm canal + System maintenance + PIM (with the role of end users) Training of Trainers (ToT) A program Training of Trainers (ToT) on irrigation modernization and especially participatory irrigation management (PIM) will be elaborated. In particular, in addition to the above expertise contents, contents related to teaching skills, communication skills... will also be included in the program. Participants of the TOT course will be selected from Management Services, IMCs, IMEs, etc. Trained staffs will be mobilized to participate in training for the WUAs. Time of organization, the number of TOT courses will be determined depending on the needs and scale of each province and each sub-project. d. Training method The course will be held locally with the goal of "learner-centered". The training forms, training materials will be designed and built to suit different audiences. There is logical combination and division between classroom instruction, practice, group work, exercises specific combined with practices, in particular bases. e. Activities and expected outcomes Page 188

164 - Conduct training assessment - Review and update training related document - Develop training framework - Develop annual training and Master Plans - Detailed content TOT and training courses - Conduct training courses according to the approved content and outline 5.7 Description of Component 3: Support Services for Climate Smart Agricultural Practices Description o Main objectives - To develop climate smart agriculture systems using effectively and sustainably irrigation/drainage systems improved under the Component 2 of the in the seven target provinces - To develop agricultural services and proposing recommendations towards wide adoption of CSA practices in the target provinces and in the country as a whole. o Expected outputs In each province: (1) 2-4 pilot systems of CSA production, with: - Increased profit (by 20-30%) - Increased effectiveness of water, land and fertilizer use - Reduced GHG emission - Better processing and use of agricultural waste - Better developed linkage between the 4 main stakeholders: farmers, scientists, decision makers and traders. (2) Increased number of local officers and farmers aware of and/or applying CSA. All the households in the water user groups developed by Component 2 will be provided trainings and supports to apply appropriate CSA practice on their crops. At least 50% of farmers directly benefited from and involved in the project are women. (3) Improved capacity to provide necessary services and technical support for promoting designing, dissemination and adoption of CSA practices (4) Lessons learnt and policy recommendations (technical, policy and institutional recommendations) towards replication of the CSA production systems and wide adoption of CSA practices. In total, 28 pilot CSA systems of 2 types will be developed: Page 189

165 - 14 pilot CSA systems of large-scale sustainable intensification and mechanization for production of commercial products (CDML), including 11 CDML for rice with diverse winter crops after 2 rice seasons ( 3 in Quang Nam, 3 in Quang Tri, 2 in Ha Tinh, 2 in Thanh Hoa and 2 in Phu Tho), and 3 CDML for orange production (1 for Cao Phong oranges in Hoa Binh, 1 for non-irrigated Ha Giang mandarin in Bac Quang, and 1 for irrigated Ha Giang mandarin in Quang Binh, Ha Giang) pilot CSA systems of sustainable diversification of crops and cropping patterns; including: 9 pilot systems of sustainable diversification of upland crops and cropping patterns on the land areas which are currently double rice cropping but with low and unstable rice yield ( 2 in Quang Nam, 4 in Quang Tri and 1 in Ha Tinh, 2 in Thanh Hoa); 1 system of sustainable diversification of diverse vegetables using recycled water collected from rice fields, and processing of waste for mushroom production in Ha Tinh; 2 systems of sustainable diversification diverse vegetables smart irrigation technology in Thanh Hoa; 1 system of safe production of diverse vegetables in upland cropping areas in Hoa Binh; 1 system for sustainable diversification of crops and cropping patterns in higher land facing drought problems in Phu Tho; 1 model of sustainable intensive production of diverse temperate vegetables, fruits and flowers exploiting specific temperate climate resource in northern high stony area of Ha Giang (Quan Ba, Yen Minh, Dong Van and Meo Vac). Table 31. Summary of estimated CSA system developed in project provinces Quang Nam Production system as large field model 3 CSA systems for rice in 3 districts Production systems for crop diversification and land use change for terrestrial crop 1 CSA system for disadvantaged rice cultivated area (the major crop is peanut and maize) 1 CSA system for crop intensification especially the terrestrial crop (main crop is peanut, maize, etc.) Quang Trị 3 CSA systems for rice 4 CSA systems for disadvantaged rice cultivated area (the major crop is vegetable, bean, peanut, and maize) Hà Tinh 2 CSA systems for 2 rice crop area and 1 winter crop 1 CSA system for disadvantaged rice cultivated area (the major crop is vegetable, bean, peanut, and maize) Page 190

166 Production system as large field model Production systems for crop diversification and land use change for terrestrial crop Thanh Hoa Hoa Binh Phu Tho Ha Giang 2 CSA systems for 2 rice crop area and 1 winter crop 1 CSA system for Cao Phong mandarin 2 CSA systems for rice crop intensification in the lowlying area (currently is onecrop land because the second crop is inundated) 2 CSA systems for Ha Giang mandarin 1 CSA system for crop intensification especially the terrestrial crop (mainly vegetable) utilizing collected water from fields 2 CSA systems for disadvantaged rice cultivated area (the major crop is vegetable for export) 1 CSA system for secondary crop specific area (the major crop is safety vegetable for the market in Hanoi) 1 CSA system for secondary crop specific area (the major crop is maize and bean) 1 CSA system of sustainable diversification of crops and cropping patterns utilizing specific temperate climate resource in northern high stony are o Main activities Four groups of activities will be implemented, including: 1. Research for designing and promote good CSA practices and CSA systems - Activity sub-group 1: Design and build CSA systems of large-scale sustainable intensification and mechanization for production of commercial products (CDML) - Activity sub-group 2: Design and build systems of sustainable diversification of crops and cropping patterns 2. Improving/developing agricultural services and support to scale up the CSA practices - Activity sub-group 3: Support to improve/develop agricultural services for promoting the multiplication of the models developed in the 7 provinces 3. Support to up-scale adoption of CSA practices in the target sites - Activity sub-group 4: Support to scale up the CSA practices 4. Monitoring, evaluation, drawing lessons and proposing recommendations towards adoption of CSA practices Page 191

167 - Activity sub-group 5: Conduct baseline surveys at the beginning of the project s implementation and at the end of the project to assess the project s achieved outputs in the 7 provinces - Activity sub-group 6: Assess the benefits of each production model built in the 7 provinces in terms of emission, economic, effectiveness of water use and other environmental impacts - Activity sub-group 7: Final evaluation and final workshops for stakeholders to evaluate the models, to withdraw lesson learnt and to propose recommendations for multiplication of the models (recommendations will include policy, technical, institutional and investment) Organization and implementation: The Component 3 will be managed and implemented like other components, comply with the management mechanism and overall organization of the Summary of organization and implementation mechanism of the Component 3 Central level: - The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development is the project owner and responsible for the entire project - Central project management unit (CPMU): MARD shall establish a central project management unit, under CPO. CPMU will directly manage the entire project under the directive of the PSC. Provincial level: - Provincial project management units PPMU: Each province s People s Committee will establish a PPMU. The PPMU will include the representative leader of each province s People s Committee, related departments, sectors (cultivation, plant protection, agricultural extension, irrigation, etc.). The PPMU under the People s Committee will directly manage, steer and monitor the activities in the province. Social level: - Involved People's Committees at District and commune level in the projects: participate in site selection (study areas and households) to design and build the CSA system, participate in the management and supervision of all activities carried out in the provinces/ districts and communes, be responsible for evaluating and approving the establishment of farmer groups, the regulations of these groups, monitoring the execution and performance of contracts between the groups of farmers and other stakeholders. Page 192

168 - Farmer Groups and communities: participate in planning actions and carry out all activities related to the construction of CSA production system. Farmers are also direct and final beneficiaries of the project. * Estimated implementation time frame Preparation period. In order to get Component 3 effectively implemented, in all 7 provinces of the project, preparation activities should start as soon as possible, a number of preparatory work can even start before the project begins, during the evaluation and negotiate stage to sign an agreement with the World Bank, such as the basic investigation to gain database as a basis for assessing the impact of the project and use as reference in the planning process of the project. Implementation period. Four working groups above can be viewed as 4 steps: design, construction and performance of the CSA system - capacity building - replication - assess and lessons drawing and propose. However, these steps are not operated separately but intertwined with each other. (1) Activity Group 1: CSA Design, construction and demonstration The design, construction, and demonstration of 1 CSA system comprises of many contents and activities which need to be carried out throughout the whole process of the project implementation: - Year 1-2: shortly after the project is approved: - Year 3-4: Continue to improve the capacity of farmers through organizing FFSs and other activities (field seminars, field trips, etc.) and support farmer groups (including training, technical guidance and necessary materials) apply ICM practices and other good techniques on plants, seeds and crop structure, plant structure has been identified in year 1 and 2 (which will be done during the project period). - Year 5-6: Organize field conferences, cross field trips to discuss and evaluate, draw lessons learned and propose replication. These activities are significant in raising awareness among farmers and local officials. (2) Activity Group 2: Develop/improve agricultural services Training activities for officials and organize field trips to share experiences, media, organizing seminars, develop connections, etc. are made during the project period. (3) Activity Group 3: Support CSA system and the practice replication Page 193

169 This activity groups were started in the 3rd year after the CSA practices and systems are designed, built, presented, effective and appropriate for local conditions. First, there must be an expansion plan, including unified support mechanisms, forms of assistance, proceeding method, and then implement support for replication. (4) Activity Group 4: Monitor, review and draw lessons learned, recommendations - The supervision and review are carried out regularly during the project implementation. - The 1st baseline surveys will be implemented as soon as the project starts in the preparatory stage, or before the project starts (in the evaluation process). The 2nd baseline surveys will be implemented before the project ends. Comparison of the results of the two surveys will evaluate the results and impact of the project. - The evaluation of efficiency (economic and environmental) of CSA systems built by the component will be implemented annually to make timely adjustments if necessary. Discussion to draw lessons and recommendations will eventually be implemented on the project's final quarter. o Estimated budget Total budget of Component 3: USD ; (rate: USD 1 = VND ) In which: Loan from WB (IDA): State counter budget: USD USD Page 194

170 Table 32. Total budget of Component 3 (USD) No Content I Activities implemented at central level (MARD) Civil work Material /Equipment Activities implemented (USD) Consultant services Trainning/ Meeting Other cost (travel, stationery, communications, etc.) Management, administrative costs Total budget (USD) II Activities implemented at province level (PARD) 1 Ha Giang Hoa Binh Phu Tho Thanh Hoa Ha Tinh Quang Tri Quang Nam Total (I+II) ROUNDED Please see the detailed description in the Report of Component 3 Page 195

171 5.7.2 Training and capacity building a. Objectives The main objectives of training activities are providing with knowledge on agriculture production in order to enhance the agriculture production effectiveness. b. Training subjects The training subjects are the clients (for the purpose of planning and orientation in agriculture production) and end users (farmers as the representatives are cooperatives, WUAs, etc.) c. Training content: To clients: Modernize the agriculture production (advanced irrigation methods, renovation in agriculture land transition) Increase the value of agriculture products through food processing To end users: Modernize the agriculture production (advanced irrigation methods, renovation in agriculture land transition, and mechanization of agriculture) Provide training courses on cultivation, and selection of cropping structure, etc. (agriculture extension) Increase the value of agriculture products through food processing d. Expected outcomes: - Training framework. - Training plans. - Detail the training content. - Conduct training courses according to the approved content and outline 5.8 Description of Component 4: Project Management, Monitoring and Evaluation (Estimated cost: US$ 7 million) This component will support the activities required to implement the project according to the schedule of activities agreed with the Bank, which aim to improve water management, improve irrigation and drainage schemes, and introduce climate smart agriculture techniques. These activities include providing complementary advisory services, and strengthening institutional capacity at the provincial, scheme, and farm/community levels. Agricultural practices improvement support must also be incorporated to demonstrate effective approaches to climate smart agriculture in different eco-systems, supporting more flexible or diversified land uses, increasing water productivity, and reducing adverse environmental impacts (including GHG emissions). Component 4 will therefore finance: 196

172 5.8.1 Technical Assistance for Project Implementation Management and M&E (1) Technical assistance (TA) consultant: MARD will contract a Consulting firm with expertise in irrigation & drainage engineering, agriculture, dam safety, procurement, finance, environmental management, social development, irrigation management, institution development, and M&E. The Consultant will assist MARD s CPMU, Provincial PMUs, IMCs, and local engineering firms during project implementation. The consultant will create a management information system (MIS) to ensure sound project coordination with timely reporting and feedback between CPMU and PPMUs. An M&E system will be established to monitor the performance of the various implementing partners at national and local levels, and the achievement of project deliverables as defined in the results framework. The main task of the TA consultant will include the following: Assist the CPMU in managing overall project implementation in all aspects, including annual work plans and progress reporting. Periodically (mid-term, midyear, quarterly and monthly) and as requested by PMO, the TA Consultant shall prepare the report on overall project or specific issues. Assist the CPMU in all aspects of monitoring and evaluating physical progress in construction, procurement, implementation of RAPs/EMPs, and the achievement of project deliverables as defined in the results framework. Assist the CPMU in all aspects of procuring international competitive bidding (ICB) and QCBS contracts, and guidance PPMU on procurement implementation in accordance with World Bank procurement policies and guidelines. Provide guidance and leadership in the technical design of irrigation modernization canal works including: i) canal lining and strengthening works under the constraints of short canal closures; ii) irrigation canal operation under unsteady flow, iii) water level and flow control structures, including passive and automated local controllers; iv) flow measurement devices; v) SCADA system; vi) construction materials; and vii) Technical design of Dam safety works; as requested by CPMU. Undertake a Design Review and recommend improvements on irrigation modernization approaches, design criteria, construction engineering methodology, etc. Assist the MARD and PMUs in the review and approval of the proposed designs. Assess any irrigation modernization processes incorporated within the project and provide recommendations to the CPMU and PMUs to extend any lessons learnt to other areas within the project; Page 197

173 Assist the CPMU and PMUs in supervising construction with particular attention to compliance with contracts, specifications, quality control, cost effectiveness, and timeliness. Assist the CPMU and PMUs particularly in developing processes for regular monitoring and testing materials and works during construction to ensure full compliance with national and/or international standards; Assist the CPMU and PMUs to review the proposals and/or reports of the consultants who undertake Component 1 Improved Irrigation Water Management and Component 3: Support Services for Climate Smart Agricultural Practices, and to advise the CPMU and PMU on any actions necessary to encourage the integration and linkage between the separate components. Assist in the formulation of EPPs and O&M plans for the dams financed under the project. Capacity Building: Ensure IMC and WUA training programs are synchronized with the engineering design process so that PMUs can effectively participate in the design process; Assist, as requested, in the IMC benchmarking process and ensure that information collected is adequate for the Project performance monitoring indicators; and in preparation of IMC management plans that covers the following topics: operations, asset management, financial management, governance, dam safety, and water user group development. (2) Independent Supervision Consultant (ISC) and M&E (US$0.58M): Two consultant teams will be contracted to supervise, as the role of the third party, the entire project activities including works progress, procurement and financial management, disbursement, contract management and quality control, RAP and EMP implementation, and reporting in compliance with the DCA as well as to ensure compliance with relevant safeguards and fiduciary policies. One team is responsible for 3 Northern Provinces, namely, Ha Giang, Hoa Binh and Phu Tho; the other team is responsible for 4 Central Provinces, namely Thanh Hoa, Ha Tinh, Quang Tri and Quang Nam. The Teams will be mobilized periodically twice per year with one-month duration each, to overlap the Project Implementation Supporting Mission of the Bank. The main task of the ISC is to review the Implementation Reports prepared by CPMU/PPMUs, carry out Subproject field visits, and prepare periodical Reports on the following aspects: Page 198

174 Supervise and evaluate physical progress in construction, procurement, disbursement, and RAPs/EMPs implementation. Evaluation of implemented project activities as satisfactory or not. Evaluation of the project implementation with relevant safeguards and fiduciary policies, and with DCA contingency. Finding issues, problems, outstanding matters and proposing solutions, advise management agencies on resolving the issues. Providing comments/recommendation to the Agencies related to project implementation and management in all aspects of the project implementation. Prepare for the next supervision mission with the identified issues that could be focused. (3) Audit: An Independent Audit firm will be contracted to perform annual audits for the duration of project implementation. An annual audit report shall be submitted to the Bank in compliance with the DCA contingency; (4) Independent Supervision Consultants for Environment and Resettlement: there will be 2 contract packages of consultant services to supervise the implementation of the Environment and Resettlement action plans. One consultant team will supervise 3 Northern mountainous provinces: Ha Giang, Phu Tho, Hoa Binh; and the other one will supervise 4 central provinces Thanh Hoa, Ha Tinh, Quang Nam and Quang Tri. The consultants will take responsibilities for assisting CPMU and PMUs in monitoring the RAPs and EMPs implementation, evaluating environmental quality and implementing environmental impact mitigation measures, to ensure sustainable development and compliance with the safeguard policy Frameworks of the project, as well as the DCA contingency Support for capacity building and training This sub-component would fund the following activities: (1) Training and capacity building in procurement, contract management, financial management, and environmental and social management (resettlement, ethnic minority development, gender) for all key staff of project management agencies, and particularly for key staff of the PPMUs; (2) Support for the establishment of Water User Associations, including the training and capacity building to ensure that the WUAs become independent and have the ability to function independently to operate and organize the maintenance of the irrigation and drainage systems; support the provision of adequate facilities including offices and transport for the WUA to perform its functions efficiently (3) Support the training and capacity building for IMC/IME on institution and policy and administration to improve management ability, applying results-based Page 199

175 monitoring method and practicing of autonomous mechanism and selfresponsibility of IMC when applying to ordering mechanism, as well as inspecting service-approaching contract; Training to develop new skills and knowledge of IMCs/IMEs and WUAs on business planning, financial management and human resources management, O&M and water distribution management. (4) Support the trainings and capacity building of local staff at different levels and also for private sectors in climate change and climate smart agriculture, identification of problems and developing solutions, farmers organization development for commercial products production, techniques transfer, planning of production plans, assessment of stability, adaptation and mitigation potentials of production practices/systems, monitoring and evaluation of agricultural production activities and products; (5) Support the training of farmers and households of WUAs in selected pilot areas, including workshops, field days towards replication of the CDML and scaling the CSA practices on identifying seed varieties suitable to the local conditions. The training would include the process for developing/improving ICM/CSA techniques for target varieties suitable for the selected land areas, post-harvest techniques for the target varieties, and techniques for treating waste and secondary products for reuse, and application of CSA practices (IPM, ICM, mulch, saving irrigation, waste treatment...); (6) This sub-component will provide funds for organizing Seminars/Workshops, as well as infrastructure and equipment for the Training Centre in supporting training activities of the project Incremental Operating Cost: This component will fund incremental operating cost to implementing entities within MARD and Provinces in charge of project management, including costs for necessary office equipment, communications, computer hardware and software, and means of transport costs Estimated budget: Table 33. Total budget of Component 4 (USD) No. Content Estimated budget allocation (USD) Total budget Ha Giang Hoa Binh Phu Tho Thanh Hoa Ha Tinh Quang Tri Quang Nam (USD) Page 200

176 No. Content 1 Technical assistance cost for project management, implementation, and M&E 2 Support for capacity building and training Ha Giang Hoa Binh Estimated budget allocation (USD) Phu Tho Thanh Hoa Ha Tinh Quang Tri Quang Nam Total budget (USD) Accumulated operation cost Total ROUNDED BENEFICIARIES 6.1. Direct beneficiaries will meet the requirement on irrigated readily, flexibility, efficiency, improving irrigated agriculture substantially as well as with develop model on climate - smart agriculture and will not cause of negative impacts to the environment, society and economy. The results of the project to the beneficiaries are summarized as below: Community level - The project will increase the agricultural productivity, improve living conditions, irrigation services, transportation facilities, living environment, and resident s health in the project area, especially women who are living in the target areas; - Enhance the community participation in water distribution and management; - By intensive cultivation, plant restructuring, and the modern technology and science application, the project will increase employment and income for rural area; - Training knowledge and skills on agricultural product distribution and marketing. Provincial level - The project will provide skills and advanced equipment to improve the efficiency of irrigation services and water management; - Strengthen financial management mechanism; Page 201

177 - Increase the number of WUAs who are satisfied with irrigation service offered by irrigation management company (IMC); - Strengthen the efficiency of operation and maintenance (O&M); - Expand irrigated and modernized areas. System level - Expand irrigated areas with modernization; - Increase crop productivity and water use efficiency (Profit calculated per water supply unit); - Increase the number of WUAs who are established and responsible for operating and maintaining irrigation works; - Increase agricultural production area applied with the climate-smart agriculture (CSA) to reduce emissions from agricultural production and set up pilot models of the project; - Increase the number of farmers in the project areas, who will be equipped with advanced production techniques; - Increase the number of residents/households using sustainable and clean water resources Indirect beneficiaries As the sector goals are developing irrigation services for the restructuring of the agricultural and forestry production, crop diversification, ensuring food security in the context of increasing population pressure, negative variation in the weather, instability of the world along with solving the need of water source for domestic activities, industry, fishery, and travel service, maintaining and improving ecological environment, and hydropower exploitation; improving irrigation services in mountainous and remote areas, especially areas who face difficulties in using water resources, associated with social policies in order to deal with the need of domestic water for people and social-economic development, which have contribution to poverty alleviation program, resettlement, ethnic minority development, irrigation development combined with disaster mitigation and prevention. Therefore, when the is implemented, it will enhance management capacity and operate irrigation system within Ministry for Agricultural and Rural Development and provinces in the project scope; support in infrastructure upgrading, develop irrigation services for multi-objectives, constructing new rural areas, increase social welfare for vulnerable groups and social capital for people in the project areas. The project will also increase agricultural productivity and improve living conditions, irrigation services, traffic conditions, living environment as well as Page 202

178 health condition for people in the project areas, particularly for women and ethnic minority. Furthermore, the project will also create local incentives to accomplish their goals of social and economic development in implementation of National Target Program to respond to climate change, Irrigation Development Strategy to 2020, National Strategy for Rural Water Supply and Sanitation to 2020, and Social and Economic Development for Mountainous Areas to 2020, National Target Programmed on New Rural Development, Policies on Agriculture, Farmers, and Rural Development, etc. 7. PROJECT OUTCOMES Identify programs to create goods and services/outputs: The Vietnam Irrigated Agriculture Improvement Project is a direct project creating goods which are agricultural products. In addition, the project will bring many benefits from disaster risk reduction, enhanced services, institutional capacity building, etc. Below are some of the main results of the project. The long-term and medium-term results of the project are to strengthen the capacity of national, provincial and local authorities in improving the efficiency of irrigation management. The criteria for this output is to reduce water losses in the system, increase water use efficiency, based on the analysis of historical data, infrastructure conditions survey of irrigation and institutional capacity of relevant agencies when starting the project, and conduct annual survey during project implementation and after accomplishing. The project will deliver the development objectives of the project through a comprehensive approach of irrigated agriculture in the Northern and Central mountainous provinces of Vietnam, in order to achieve these following main results: - Improve irrigation management at all levels. - Support for upgrading irrigation infrastructure of Vietnam towards modernization. - Support the smart agriculture with climate adaptation. - Enhance project organization, management and implementation skills. The results for each component of the project are as follows: (1) Component 1: The outcomes of this Component along with the quantitative criteria are estimated as followings: a. Develop the organization and management mechanism that is appropriate with the service supply mechanism of the contract, order, and bidding for maximum Page 203

179 mobilization of different economic sectors and beneficiaries. The new mechanism should be in line with the market mechanism, regional conditions, and ensure the principles of fairness, equality, mutual benefit of stakeholders in utilizing and managing the irrigation works. The indicators for evaluating the outcomes are: - Number of provinces develops the Irrigation Modernization Plan on yearly and 5 year basis: 07 provinces - Number of provinces applies the order placing mechanism for irrigation drainage service supply: 02 provinces b. The irrigation management companies equip with SCADA system, information technologies for management, operation, and commerce. They are also capable to prepare, implement, evaluate the action plans, training plans for the improvement of O&M capacity. The indicators for evaluating the outcomes are: - Number of IMCs has been improved management capacity: 07 - The proportion of WUAs/Cooperatives accesses the irrigation drainage service in a completed and satisfied manner once the project completed: 90% c. Enhance the participation of farmers in irrigation management by establishing and enhancing the capacity of WUAs/Cooperatives as well as the decentralization and transfer of irrigation management. The indicators for evaluating the outcomes are: it is estimated about 140 WUAs/cooperatives established/capacity enhanced once the project completes d. Draw out the lessons learnt and recommendations for MARD to adjust, and complete the Circulars, Guidelines on irrigation and drainage management, operation, and service supply (2) Component 2: The outcomes of this Component along with the quantitative criteria are estimated as followings: a. Ensure the proactive irrigation and drainage for the total area of 83,425ha of 7 project provinces. The indicators for evaluating the outcomes are: - Total area receives the irrigation drainage service: 83,425 ha - Total number of households benefit from the improve irrigation system: 675,420 households. b. Enhance the safety for large dam. The indicators for evaluating the outcomes are Page 204

180 - Total number of large dam enhanced the dam safety: 03 - Number of O&M plans and safety plan for the downstream of large reservoirs in emergencies prepared: 03 c. Increase the gravity irrigation area; reduce the pumping irrigation area in order to reduce the operation cost. The indicators for evaluating the outcomes are: 11,500 ha of agricultural land have transferred from pumping irrigation to gravity irrigation. d. Increase the irrigation capacity: The indicators for evaluating the outcomes are: The irrigation capacity for agricultural intensification on yearly average (2-3 crops per year) 190%. (3) Component 3: The outcomes of this Component along with the quantitative criteria are estimated as followings a. WUAs implement the new agricultural practices. Evaluation criteria: Number of farmers accessed and applied the new agricultural practices: 17,700 households b. Apply new agriculture methods in selected area as the foundation for replication. Evaluation criteria: Total area applied new methods: 4,795ha. c. Develop the water saving irrigation model which is suitable to the geographic locations and types of crop. Evaluation criteria: Number of models applied the water saving irrigation technique: 28 d. MARD (Department of Cultivation and Crop Production) has the management system of information dissemination and knowledge exchange for climate smart agriculture. (4) Component 4: Estimated outcomes for this Component are as followings: a. Establish the M&E system and implement M&E activities on annual basis during the project implementation. Prepare the periodical reports considering all the project aspects (bidding, financial management, progress, quality, environmental management, and resettlement) according to the request and regulations of donors and management agencies b. Conduct the monitor and mid-term review as well as the final review c. Develop the internal auditing system and implement the internal auditing during the project implementation process Page 205

181 8. SOLUTIONS FOR PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION 8.1 General plan for land acquisition and compensation Upgrading structures will contribute to land acquisition. Thus, compensation for land clearance is developed provided that the livelihood of affected households is as good as or better than that before starting project. As the project upgrades existing structures, land acquisition has a little impact. In accordance with the policy of sponsors, in the period of project preparation, a Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) will be developed on the basis of harmonization between Policy on Involuntary Resettlement (OP 4.12) of World Bank and regulations on land management, compensation, support when the government implements land acquisition with the purposes of community, security and national defence. This RPF will be submitted to the government for approval before approving project document. This RPF is the legal basis to implement compensation, support for affected people by land acquisition. Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) will be developed for each sub-project on the basis of the Resettlement Policy Framework. In accordance with project implementation plan, the RAPs of sub-projects will be implemented in Phase 1 ( in three provinces Quang Nam, Thanh Hoa and Hoa Binh) will be established and approved before the agreement approved. Option of land clearance (or Resettlement Action Plan - RAP) complies with regulations and procedures in Decree No.69/2009/ND-CP of the government and the Resettlement Policy Framework of this project is approved by the government. The order and procedure to develop and implement RAP are described as follows: - Determination of the level causing resettlement will be based on the preliminary design. The detailed technique design consulting will be taken into account. It is also necessary to choose the optimal design option, and minimize impacts of land acquisition and resettlement; - On the basis of detailed technique design, the landmark of land clearance will be proceeded to hand over to the organization which is responsible for compensation and land clearance to determine affected households and measure affected assets; - Meeting affected households to disseminate information and compensation policy including targets and benefits of the project, positive and negative impacts and mitigation solutions, used solutions to determine the value of affected assets, compensation and rehabilitation and the mechanism of complaint resolution; Page 206

182 - Conducting surveys in affected households and calculating the number of affected assets to collect information about affected people and assets, their rights of compensation, resettlement and rehabilitation. Consulting the affected people about solutions to mitigate project s impacts and to support for livelihood rehabilitation; - Conducting socio-economical investigations (for sub-project causing considerably land acquisition and resettlement; - Investigating price for replacement and making reports to submit to provincial competent authorities for approval; - Choosing the option of compensation, public compensation plan, complete compensation plan and submit to the government agency ; - Implementing compensation and rehabilitation; - Implementing resettlement (if any) and handing over the area to execute; - Internal and independent monitoring will be implemented when starting information dissemination and during the period of compensation, rehabilitation and resettlement implementation to ensure that compensation and resettlement comply with Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF). In terms of responsibility for compensation and land clearance implementation: CPO (Central Project Office) is responsible for: (i) coordinating with provincial People s Committee to direct compensation and resettlement implementation, to ensure compliance with the regulations of the RPF and ensure compliance with construction progress; (ii) training and capacity building for the project implementing agencies (provincial PMUs and the compensation council at district level) regarding procedure of the RPF and RAP implementation; (iii) coordinating with the provincial PMU to monitor internally the implementation of compensation and resettlement of project, (iv) selecting and coordinating the unit which is responsible for independent resettlement monitoring for the whole project, and (v) making periodic reports on issues of resettlement to MARD and WB. Provincial People s Committee is entirely responsible for proceeding compensation, land clearance and resettlement within the province. Provincial People s Committee is responsible for: - Informing or authorizing District People s Committees to inform about land acquisition after choosing the location of sub-projects; - Promulgating the decision of land acquisition of organizations; - Approving Resettlement Action Plan of sub-projects; Page 207

183 - Approving the option of overall land acquisition; - Directing District People s Committees to implement compensation, resettlement and land clearance; - Providing fund of compensation adequately and timely; - In the urgent case needing approval of Provincial People s Committee, the province authority will establish an evaluation council of compensation, options submitted by District Committee of Compensation, Rehabilitation and Resettlement. Provincial Project Management Unit (PPMU) is responsible for sub-project implementation management, in which including construction component of the project. PPMU manages compensation, support, resettlement, land clearance and had over for construction agency of sub-project, including: - Submit RPs of sub-project to Authority agency to approve before compensation implementation; - Cooperate with Departments, braches, agencies and People s Committees in project districts in implementing compensation, support and resettlement to ensure compensation and resettlement in accordance with construction plan; - Implement internal monitoring of the compensation, support and resettlement of sub-project; report quarterly the progress of compensation, support and resettlement implementation of sub-project for CPO. District People s Committee has responsibilities: - DPC directs District Resettlement and Compensation Council, Land fund development center in districts, and affected Commune People s Committees in implementing compensation, support and resettlement; - Approve compensation, support and resettlement plans of Department of compensation in districts; - Make decision on land of individuals and households acquisition; - Resolve complaints and grievances of affected households in the jurisdiction. District Resettlement and Compensation Council (referred as Compensation Council - DRC) is responsible for compensation and land clearance for constructions in district, including: - Investigate the replacement price in the district; - Cooperate with CPCs to disseminate information and consult BAH communities. - Inventory assets of affected households, and make compensation plans to submit DPC / PPC to approve; Page 208

184 - Coordinating with PPMU and affected CPCs implement compensation and site clearance; - Solve complaints of affected households and consult for DPCs to solve grievances of affected households. Commune People s Committee is responsible for: - Provide cadastral map for Compensation Council and delegate staffs to participate in the inventory of affected assets; - Cooperate with District Compensation Council to disseminate information and consult community; - Solve complaints of affected households concerned to their asset inventory; - Facilitate and assist affected households to restore livelihoods, income and stable life. Community: The affected communities delegate their representatives to participate in the inventory affected assets group to monitor the implementation process and sign the minutes of affected assets inventory. 8.2 The requirements for construction design The construction design plans requires the safety, convenience in management and operation of the economy. In making feasibility report (FS), the optimal design solution will be proposed and selected in accordance with the regulations, the current engineering standards, and the economic efficiency. In addition, the design method should: - Access to Modernization of irrigation systems improvement; - Conduct rapid assessment plan (RAP) to identify needs, and indicate the appropriate and effective investment options; - Ensure the downstream hydraulic, and downstream safety; - Apply energy saving measures, new technologies in design and implement to reduce construction costs and operating costs; - Reservoir safety in climate change conditions; - System safety in geology, topography and climate conditions; - Design to comply with the regulations, national standards and industry standards; - The selected solution must be suitable for economic and technical condition after comparing design options; - The design plans have to minimize impacts on the natural environment and land acquisition, and have solution to restore the ground after construction; - Design solution has to include community involvement. Page 209

185 8.3 Plan on exploitation and use the project results Project operation and management Operation and management (O&M) are implemented at provincial level. Management, operation and maintenance of structures of sub-projects invested are decided by PPCs (Responsible agency). The PPCs assign for IMCs to manage and exploit directly structures. Structures which assign for local and water user association are based on classify decision of Province and guides of MARD in Circular No.65/2009/TT-BNNPTNT, 12 th November, To provide a basis delivery mechanism in order mode, the project supports build and completion of economic and technical standards, and guides management, operation, repair and maintenance of hydraulic structures for system management levels (Province Department of Rural Development, Water Resources Division, Irrigation and Drainage service Management Board, etc.), for irrigation agencies (IMCs, IMEs), for cooperatives/water user associations (irrigation service cooperatives, local irrigation management teams/groups and water user cooperative). Results of project implementation are summed up Handbook of Management and Maintenance Guideline to publish in project area and to propose and comment for adjustment and modification of policy framework related. Climate smart agriculture models are implemented, managed and operated continuously by cooperatives/water user associations with assistance of the project. Based on practical results, to have experience, to build Handbook of Guideline and national standards, to develop mechanism of plant structure conversion, to cultivate production method and to publish results of locals in rural development. With approach of participation, small constructions are assigned for community to organize and implement with assistance on technical (including design and technical monitoring) and finance. The project trains and enhances management and operation capacity to assign continuously community for management, operation and exploitation these structures Hand - over procedure This procedure is implemented similarly with irrigation structures after completing construction. The donor and Provincial Management Board organize to check and take over and to transfer management and exploitation project in order to manage and operate in accordance with regulation of Government on management of construction investment and current procedure of MARD. Page 210

186 Due to characteristics of structures, both irrigation supply and upgrade, PPMUs assign for management and exploitation units each item after completion to serve irrigation, also immediately handle errors in operation process. As for small constructions which assign by community, before exploitation, it is required to check and take over technical fully in accordance with procedure, regulation on construction management. 9. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION, MONITOR, AND EVALUATION PLAN All the activities under the will be implemented in the 6-year period. It is estimated to start in Prior actions implementation plan According to the action plan agreed between the Ministry of Planning and Investment and WB in January, 2013, the project is included in the fiscal 2014 plan. To ensure the preparation of project completion and the agreement signed in fiscal year 2014, since the beginning of 2013, right after the WB documented the concept of the project; the MARD has sent the MPI the PDO draft to consult opinions from the Ministry of Finance and the State Bank of Vietnam. After receiving comments of the Ministry of Planning and Investment, Ministry of Finance, the State Bank of Vietnam, the MARD shall work with the World Bank and the provinces to complete the PDO, at the same time draft feasibility study reports (FS) of the projects and subprojects. According to the schedule agreed with the World Bank, the set target is to negotiate the agreement on May 11, 2013 and the Agreement will take effect in the first quarter of Page 211

187 Figure 7 : Project implementation plan To achieve the goal that the Agreement will be approved in late 2013 and take effect in the first quarter of 2014 and the project can be started immediately right after the agreement takes effect, the implementation plan for prior actions must be carried out as follows: - Along with the completion of PDO, drafted FS for the project and sub-projects to consult the relevant authorities and get approval for the FS as soon as the PDO is approved. At the same time, draft the policy frameworks, consult from the relevant authorities and summit to the competent authorities in the process of evaluating FS; - Draft Master bidding Plan along with FS and form Procurement plan for the first 18 months to approve these plans right after FS are approved by competent authorities; - Establish Project and sub-projects Management Units; - After the approval of the FS, select the Technical Assistance and Technical Design consultants. For Technical Design Consultants, domestic capital resources can be used to sign contracts and mobilized immediately after the FS approval. For Technical Assistance consultants, loans will be mobilized right after the Agreement comes into force; - Draft Technical design and bidding documents for first year construction items for approval and start bidding immediately after the agreement takes effect. Page 212

188 9.2 Master plan, detailed plan for the subprojects in the first year The project will be implemented in two phases, of which in Phase 1 sub-projects with adequate preparation including design documents and meeting safety policies will be carried out. In Phase 2, sub-projects implementation will start within 6 months from the time the project takes effect. In Phase 1 (with total capital of approximately $54 million), the sub-projects are identified and adequately prepared with detailed design which meet the security polices and are expected to be deployed include: Table 34. Total investment of sub-projects in Phase 1 Province System Cost (million USD) Thanh Hoa South Ma Irrigation canal of pumping station Quang Nam Irrigation canal system of Phu Ninh reservoir Hoa Binh Turbine pumping station and electric pumping station system of Hoa Binh Province 4.50 (1) Expenditures of Component 2 (including section B1 and B2) (2) Expenditures of section B1 of Component 2 (3) Expenditures of section B2 of Component 2 In addition, basic investigation, gender analysis, training activities, training in financial and project management, security policies and a number of technical assistance activities will also be deployed. The project will be implemented starting from the first quarter of The time of project implementation is 6 years. To ensure the efficiency of the project, the implementation plan is formed based on the following principles: - Ensure alignment between the components; - Ensure support among activities in each component; - Ensure consistency between the construction and non-construction activities, among activities of strengthening project management and construction; - At the same time, meet the requirement that 30% of project capital will be implemented after the Agreement comes into force. The project was divided into two overlapping implementation Phases as follows: Page 213

189 Phase 1: Mobilize technical assistance and project supervision consultants; - Mobilize consultants and complete the technical design; - Implement activities supporting capacity building, including support to improve the management of Component 1; - Build a number of models of agricultural adaptation to climate change, with priority selection in Quang Nam, Thanh Hoa and Hoa Binh; - Deploy construction activities for the selected sub-projects: Phu Ninh - Khe Tan sub-project (Quang Nam), South Ma sub-project (Thanh Hoa), Small scale irrigation and drainage schemes (Hoa Binh). Phase 2: Continue and complete activities supporting capacity building; - Install SCADA system; - Implement procurement and construction activities for the remaining subprojects; - Deploying model building for Agricultural adaptation to climate change in 4 remaining provinces. Improve and expand the agricultural adaption to climate change models in the sub-project systems. Figure 8 : Master plan of project implementation Page 214

190 Table 35. Reimbursement plan of WB Loan in 6 year TT Content Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Total Unit: USD A COMPONENT A.1 Consultation fee A.2 Commodity/ Equipment A.3 Management/ Other costs A.4 Contingency B Component B1 Completed and improved the infrastructure to ensure and drainage for ha of 7 project provinces the irrigation B2 On-farm irrigation system for supporting the climate smart agriculture models C Component C.1 Consultation C.2 Construction and installation C.3 Training C.4 Allowance, labor, and other costs C.5 Materials C.6 Overall management and operation cost D Component D1 Technical assistance cost for project management, implementation and M&E D2 Facilitate the capacity building and training activities D3 Increasing operational cost E Total ROUNDED

191 Table 36. Reimbursement plan of State counter budget in 6 years TT Content Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Total (USD) A COMPONENT A.1 Consultation fee A.2 Commodity/ Equipment A.3 Management/ Other costs A.4 Contingency B Component B1 Completed and improved the infrastructure to ensure the irrigation and drainage for 94,000ha of 7 project provinces B2 On farm hydraulic system for smart-climate agriculture C Component C.1 Consultation C.2 Construction and installation C.3 Training C.4 Allowance, labor, and other costs C.5 Materials C.6 Overall management and operation cost D Component D1 Technical assistance cost for project management, implementation and M&E D2 Facilitate the capacity building and training activities D3 Increasing operational cost F Total ROUNDED Page 216

192 9.3 Action Plan for the first year In the first year, in terms of consulting, technical support consultants will be mobilized (Project technical assistance Consulting, Independent Monitoring Consultant, independent audit Consultant, Internal Audit Support, Technical assistance Consultant of Component 1 and 3, the Sub-project Supervision Consultant). In terms of equipment procurement and construction, sub-project biddings in the first phase will be launched (Hoa Binh, Quang Nam, Thanh Hoa province); the first Contracts will be given in the second quarter of The remaining sub-projects will be bided from the beginning of the third quarter and the Contracts will be given in the 4th quarter of Figure 9 : Implementation plan for the first year 217

193 9.4 Action plan for each project component Action plan for Component 1 TT Sub-project Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q Sub-Component 1.1: Develop and complete the provincial mechanism Sub-Component 1.2: Implement and apply the innovative organizational models and irrigation management mechanisms in the provinces, support the IMCs, WUAs Sub-Component 1.3: Support the establishment of WUAs and IMT Sub-Component 1.4: Support the MARD Sub-Component 1.5. Improve the management capacity in hydraulic work operation for the IMCs and WUAs 218

194 Irrigated Agricultural Improvement Project Feasibility Study Report Action plan for Component Action Plan for Component 3 Preparation period. In order to get Component 3 effectively implemented, in all 7 provinces of the project, preparation activities should start as soon as possible, a number of preparatory work can even start before the project begins, during the evaluation and negotiate stage to sign an agreement with the World Bank, such as the basic investigation to gain database as a basis for assessing the impact of the project and use as reference in the planning process of the project. Implementation period. Four working groups above can be viewed as 4 steps: design, construction and performance of the CSA system - capacity building - replication - assess and lessons drawing and propose. However, these steps are not operated separately but intertwined with each other. (1) Activity Group 1: CSA Design, construction and demonstration The design, construction, and demonstration of 1 CSA system comprise of many contents and activities which need to be carried out throughout the whole process of the project implementation: - Year 1-2: shortly after the project is approved: - Year 3-4: Continue to improve the capacity of farmers through organizing FFSs and other activities (field seminars, field trips, etc.) and support farmer groups (including training, technical guidance and necessary materials) apply ICM practices and other good techniques on plants, seeds and crop structure, plant structure has been identified in year 1 and 2 (which will be done during the project period). - Year 5-6: Organize field conferences, cross field trips to discuss and evaluate, draw lessons learned and propose replication. These activities are significant in raising awareness among farmers and local officials. (2) Activity Group 2: Develop/improve agricultural services Page 219

195 Irrigated Agricultural Improvement Project Feasibility Study Report Training activities for officials and organize field trips to share experiences, media, organizing seminars, develop connections, etc. are made during the project period. (3) Activity Group 3: Support CSA system and the practice replication This activity groups were started in the 3rd year after the CSA practices and systems are designed, built, presented, effective and appropriate for local conditions. First, there must be an expansion plan, including unified support mechanisms, forms of assistance, proceeding method, and then implement support for replication. (4) Activity Group 4: Monitor, review and draw lessons learned, recommendations - The supervision and review are carried out regularly during the project implementation. - The 1st baseline surveys will be implemented as soon as the project starts in the preparatory stage, or before the project starts (in the evaluation process). The 2nd baseline surveys will be implemented before the project ends. Comparison of the results of the two surveys will evaluate the results and impact of the project. - The evaluation of efficiency (economic and environmental) of CSA systems built by the component will be implemented annually to make timely adjustments if necessary. - Discussion to draw lessons and recommendations will eventually be implemented on the project's final quarter Action Plan for Component Monitoring and evaluation Monitoring and evaluation are included a series of activities as monitor, asses, information and data collection and analysis to evaluate project implementation in accordance with regulations, policies and criteria. Monitoring and evaluation provide for stakeholders reflection of implementation process. It determines fact and ability of success, also difficulties raised to adjust timely in period of project operation. Monitoring and evaluation plan relates closely to project implementation plan agreed. In project implementation process, PPMS is applied to monitor and evaluate project implementation process and development impacts in different stages in project process, including investigation before project and next investigations to evaluate Page 220