Understanding Bull Proofs

Transcription

1 Understanding Bull Proofs 1. Ideal Commercial Cow (ICC$) Index A genetic ranking developed by Genex. ICC$ is designed to breed for farm profitability and efficiency using real-time economic indicators and science based genetic principals to breed ideal commercial cows. The index incorporates elements from the U.S. national evaluation and other sources. ICC$ is the combination of five sub-indexes to provide dairy producers the opportunity to emphasize genetic selection for specific management areas. 2. Production Effciencey (PREF$) 3. Health (HLTH$) 4. Fertility and Fitness (FYFT$) 5. Milking Ability (MABL$) 6. Calving Ability (CABL$) 7. Lifetime Net Merit $ (LNM$) LNM$ measures net profit over the lifetime of a bull s average daughter. Traits and weightings in the LNM$ index: Fat 22%; Protein 20%; Milk -1%; Productive Life 19%; SCS -7%; DPR 7%; Heifer Conception Rate (HCR) 2%; Cow Conception Rate (CCR) 1%; Calving Ability $ 5%; UDC 6%; FLC 3%; BCS -5% 8. Reliability (REL or R) A measure of the amount of information in a trait. Reliability is expressed as a percentage, ranging from 1 to 99. The closer the Reliability is to 99, the more reliable the proof. 9. Lifetime Cheese Merit $ Lifetime Cheese Merit $ was designed for producers who sell milk in a cheese market. Protein has more value in the cheese market than it does in the standard component pricing market. Milk receives a negative economic weight in the Cheese Merit index. The Lifetime Cheese Merit index combines the same traits as the Lifetime Net Merit index. 10. Lifetime Fluid Merit $ Lifetime Fluid Merit $ combines the same traits as the Net Merit index with different weightings. This index is useful for dairies paid solely for milk volume, as more emphasis is placed on milk yield. 11. Daughters The number of daughters included in the bull s milk proof. A G identifies evaluations based on pedigree information and genomic testing. 12. Herds The number of different herds a bull s daughters are located in (considering daughters which are included in the bull s milk proof). A G identifies evaluations based on pedigree information and genomic testing. 13. PTA Milk PTA for milk production in pounds, reflecting the expected milk production of future mature daughters. 14. PTA Protein Pounds PTA for protein production in pounds, comparing the expected production of future mature daughters. 15. PTA Protein Percent Indicates the genetic variance of a bull s PTA for transmitting protein as being positive or negative. 16. PTA Fat Pounds PTA for butterfat in pounds, reflecting the expected butterfat production of future mature daughters. 17. PTA Fat Percent Indicates the genetic variance of a bull's PTA for transmitting fat as being positive or negative. U.S. Genetic Evaluations 18. Combined Fat and Protein (CFP) The sum of PTA Fat pounds and PTA Protein pounds. 19. PTA Productive Life Productive Life is a measure of longevity, measured in months. 20. Dau. Pregnancy Rate (DPR) Percentage of nonpregnant cows that become pregnant during each 21-day period. A DPR of 1 implies that daughters from this bull are 1% more likely to become pregnant during that estrus cycle than a bull with an evaluation at zero. 21. PTA Somatic Cell Score (SCS) The PTA for SCS is used to improve mastitis resistance. Bulls with low PTA for SCS (less than 3.0) are expected to have daughters with lower mastitis than bulls with high PTA for SCS (greater than 3.5). 22. PTA Type (PTAT) TROY 1HO11056 RIVER-BRIDGE CO-OP TROY-ET PTA Type is an estimate of the genetic superiority for conformation that a bull will transmit to its offspring. This is directly correlated with the final score of the bull s daughters, not the linear traits. 23. Udder Composite (UDC) Udder Composite is an index based on ability for udder improvement. Udder composite includes six linear traits, and the weighting for each trait s contribution to higher udder scores. The traits and their weightings are: udder depth-35%, front teat placement 5%, rear teat placement-7%, fore udder attachment-16%, rear udder height-16%,rear udder width-12% and udder cleft-9%. 24. Feet and Legs Composite (FLC) FLC is a measure of a bull s ability for foot and leg improvement. Weights for the four traits in the composite are: feet and leg score-50%, foot angle- 24%, rear legs-rear view-18.5% and rear legs-side view-7.5%. Sire MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET Dam CO-OP RB FREDDIE TINLEY-ET, VG-85, VG-MS x 365d 11,703m f p kgs. 25. TPI (Total Performance Index) TPI is an index calculated by Holstein Association USA. Traits and weightings in TPI: Protein 27%; Fat 16%; Feed Efficiency 3%; PTAT- Final Score 8%; Dairy Form -1%; UDC 11%; FLC 6%; Productive Life 7%; SCS 5%; Fertility Index 13%; Daughter Calving Ease 2%; Daughter Stillbirth 1% MOGUL X FREDDIE X MASCOL Calving Ease 26. Sire Calving Ease: Percentage of Estimated Difficult Births in Heifers (EDBH) when they calve for the first time. Using bulls 7% EDBH or less can be used to reduce stress on first-calf heifers. 27. Daughter Calving Ease: Tendency of daughters of a particular sire to have more (or fewer) problems at calving than an average cow and to produce calves that are born more easily (or difficult) than calves produced by an average cow. Stillbirth 28. Service Sire Stillbirth: measures the tendency of calves from a particular service sire to be stillborn more or less often. 29. Daughter Stillbirth: measures the ability of a particular cow (daughter) to produce live calves. Stillbirth is expressed as percent stillbirths, where stillborn calves are those scored as dead at birth or born alive but died within 48 hours of birth. Stature Strength Frail Body Depth Shallow Dairy Form Tight Rib Rump Angle Pins Thurl Width Narrow Posty Hock-In Foot Angle Feet & Legs Score Fore Udder Attach. Loose Rear Udder Height Rear Udder Width Narrow Udder Cleft Weak Udder Depth Front Teat Place. Rear Teat Place. Teat Length Rear Legs-Side Vw. Rear Legs-Rear Vw. Fertility 30. Sire Fertility: Service Sire Conception Rate (SCR) is the difference of conception rate of sire expressed as a percent comparison. SCR is based on conception rate rather than non-return rate. SCR utilizes multiple services per lactation (up to 7), rather than first service only. A SCR of 1.2 means the bull is 1.2% above average. 31. SynchCheck : SynchCheck evaluates conception of sires when bred to females which have been synchronized (ovulation induced through hormonal treatment). 32. PregCheck : PregCheck is our internal fertility ranking prediction model and data collection process. Fertility is measured using cow records that have a pregnant or open diagnosis. A one point difference in Preg Check equals a 1% expected change in conception rate. 33. PregCheck+ : PregCheck+ is a fertility value for GenChoice (sexed semen) derived from our internal database. The evaluation for average sexed semen fertility is 100 and for every one point difference this is equivalent to a 1% change in conception. Linear Type Traits Genetic evaluations for the 18 linear type traits are expressed as Standard Transmitting Abilities (STAs). Standardized values are used because each trait has a different average PTA, and the PTA ranges vary within traits. Genetic Base The genetic base for the evaluations is PTA 15, representing the average of cows born in Beta-Casein Beta-Casein is a major casein protein making up 30% of the total milk protein. Studies have shown health benefits for diseases such as type 1 diabetes, IHD, schizophrenia and autism. A2A2 - Most ideal test result A1A2 - Median result - produces equal amounts of A1 and A2 A1A1 - Least ideal test result 35. Kappa-Casein (cheese production) There are many forms of Kappa-Casein A, B and E associated with milk protein and quality. Variants are related to the processing of cheese. Studies show yield for cheese production is higher with BB milk versus AA milk. BB - Preferred result for cheese production AB + BE - Intermediate result for cheese production AA + AE - Least favorable result for cheese production 36. Heifer Conception Rate (HCR) HCR is the percentage of inseminated virgin heifers that become pregnant. A bull with a +1 evaluation would have daughters that as heifers would be 1% more likely to become pregnant. Services are only included if the heifer is at least 12 months old and less than 2.2 years. 37. Cow Conception Rate (CCR) CCR is the lactating cow s ability to conceive based on the percentage of cows inseminated that become pregnant. If a bull s CCR is +1, his daughters would be 1% more likely to become pregnant during that lactation than a bull with an evaluation of 0. CCR simply looks at the daughter s ability to conceive Our ICC$ king hailing from a world-class family Perfect combination of average stature with outstanding udders Co-op breeding, reliable genetics when inseminated. Maternal sister: River-Bridge Tango Topsy-ET j Daughters G Herds G DPR + 72%Rel PregCheck %Rel Net Merit +$790 77%Rel 99% ile ICC$ +$994 Sire Calving Ease 6.1% 99%Rel Protein % PREF$ +$338 Fat % MABL$ +$136 Sire Fertility (SCR) %Rel CFP +107 HCR %Rel Prod. Life +7.9 CCR %Rel DPR + 72%Rel SynchCheck %Rel SCS PregCheck %Rel HA-USA PTA 4/2016 PregCheck+ NA Type %Rel FLC Beta-Casein A1A2 UDC TPI Kappa-Casein AA HA-Trait Profile 0 Dtrs. Tall Open Rib Sloped Sickle Straight Steep Shallow Long Birth Date: 10/04/12 USA Reg Dam: Co-op RB Freddie Tinley-ET, VG-85, VG-MS MGD: A-Elsbernd Tinker CRI-ET, GP-83

2 Bull Information 2 TROY 1 1HO11056 RIVER-BRIDGE CO-OP TROY-ET Birth Date: 10/04/12 USA Reg Dam: Co-op RB Freddie Tinley-ET, VG-85, VG-MS Maternal sister: River-Bridge Tango Topsy-ET j Sire MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET Dam CO-OP RB FREDDIE TINLEY-ET, VG-85, VG-MS x 365d 11,703m f p kgs. 4 MGD: A-Elsbernd Tinker CRI-ET, GP-83 Our ICC$ king hailing from a world-class family Perfect combination of average stature with outstanding udders Co-op breeding, reliable genetics 6 MOGUL X FREDDIE X MASCOL 5 7 Daughters G Commercial Name NAAB Code Complete Name Sire Dam - Production Info 5. Sire x MGS x MGGS 6. GENESIS Indicates this bull is offspring of the GENESIS Cooperative herd. 8 Herds G 7. Daughters The number of daughters included in the bull s milk proof. A G identifies evaluations based on pedigree information and genomic testing. 8. Herds The number of different herds a bull s daughters are located in (considering daughters which are included in the bull s milk proof). A G identifies evaluations based on pedigree information and genomic testing CRI F

3 ICC Index - Ideal Commercial Cows DPR + 72%Rel PregCheck %Rel Sub-Indexes Included in ICC$ 5% Calving Ability (CABL$) 10% Milking Ability (MABL$) Ideal Commercial Cow (ICC$) Index A genetic ranking developed by Genex. ICC$ is designed to breed for farm profitability and efficiency using real-time economic indicators and science based genetic principals to breed ideal commercial cows. The index incorporates elements from the U.S. national evaluation and other sources. ICC$ is the combination of five sub-indexes to provide dairy producers the opportunity to emphasize genetic selection for specific management areas. 15% Fertility and Fitness (FYFT$) 24% Health (HLTH$) 46% Production Efficiency (PREF$) Production Efficiency (PREF$) pinpoints genetics resulting in high yielding cows with lower feed costs. Emphasis is placed on pounds of protein. Use of PREF$ and ICC$ reverses the trend for taller cows. Health (HLTH$) provides opportunity to breed for improved and sustainable health and longevity. HLTH$ bulls have daughters with proper body condition, low somatic cell scores and excellent locomotion. Fertility and Fitness (FYFT$) emphasizes reproductive efficiency. Bulls with high rankings for FYFT$ result in optimal age of first calving, reduced days open and shorter calving intervals. Milking Ability (MABL$) optimizes farm efficiencies with trouble-free milking cows. Ideal commercial cow udder conformation can be described as strongly attached above the hock with appropriate teat placement and length. MABL$ helps enhance udder texture and manage the emerging trend of shorter teat length. Calving Ability (CABL$) focuses on live calves born without difficulty. ranking CABL$ and ICC$ sires give virgin heifers the best chance to have a successful and profitable first lactation. 40% Marginal Feed Costs 38% Protein Yield 18% Fat Yield 4% Milk Yield 40% Productive Life 34% Locomotion 20% Somatic Cell Score 6% Body Condition Score 53% Daughter Pregnancy Rate 35% Heifer Conception Rate 6% Cow Conception Rate 4% Polled Genotype 2% Fertility Haplotypes 70% Udder Traits 15% Mastitis Resistance 12% Milking Speed 3% Milking Temperament 45% Sire Calving Ease 29% Daughter Stillbirth 16% Daughter Calving Ease 10% Sire Stillbirth

4 Lifetime Net Merit 1 Net Merit +$ %Rel99% ile ICC$ +$994 Sire Calving Ease 6.1% 99%Rel Protein % PREF$ +$338 Sire Fertility (SCR) %Rel 8 Fat % MABL$ +$136 HCR %Rel DPR + 72%Rel PregCheck %Rel 13 Examples: Bull A +$800 LNM Bull B +$300 LNM The daughters of Bull A will make +$500 over their lifetime more than Bull B s daughters Bull A 1000lbs Milk Bull B 300lbs Milk Bull A s daughters will produce 700lbs more milk than Bull B s daughters. 1. Lifetime Net Merit $ (LNM$) LNM$ measures net profit over the lifetime of a bull s average daughter. Traits and weightings in the LNM$ index: Fat 22%; Protein 20%; Milk -1%; Productive Life 19%; SCS -7%; DPR 7%; Heifer Conception Rate (HCR) 2%; Cow Conception Rate (CCR) 1%; Calving Ability $ 5%; UDC 6%; FLC 3%; BCS -5% 2. Reliability (REL or R) A measure of the amount of information in a trait. Reliability is expressed as a percentage, ranging from 1 to 99. The closer the Reliability is to 99, the more reliable the proof. 3. Lifetime Cheese Merit $ Lifetime Cheese Merit $ was designed for producers who sell milk in a cheese market. Protein has more value in the cheese market than it does in the standard component pricing market. Milk receives a negative economic weight in the Cheese Merit index. The Lifetime Cheese Merit index combines the same traits as the Lifetime Net Merit index. 4. Lifetime Fluid Merit $ Lifetime Fluid Merit $ combines the same traits as the Net Merit index with different weightings. This index is useful for dairies paid solely for milk volume, as more emphasis is placed on milk yield. 5. PTA Milk PTA for milk production in pounds, reflecting the expected milk production of future mature daughters. 6. PTA Protein Pounds PTA for protein production in pounds, comparing the expected production of future mature daughters. 7. PTA Protein Percent Indicates the genetic variance of a bull s PTA for transmitting protein as being positive or negative. 8. PTA Fat Pounds PTA for butterfat in pounds, reflecting the expected butterfat production of future mature daughters. 9. PTA Fat Percent Indicates the genetic variance of a bull s PTA for transmitting fat as being positive or negative. Production Traits 43% Traits Included in Lifetime Net Merit Protein 20% Fat 22% Milk -1% Body Size -5% SCS -7% FL Comp. 3% Productive Life 19% Calv. Ability 5% Udder Comp. 8% Conformation 16% DPR 7% Health Traits 41% Cow Conception Rate 1% Heifer Conception Rate 2% 2014 CRI G Combined Fat and Protein (CFP) The sum of PTA Fat pounds and PTA Protein pounds. 11. PTA Productive Life Productive Life is a measure of longevity, measured in months. 12. Dau. Pregnancy Rate (DPR) Percentage of nonpregnant cows that become pregnant during each 21-day period. A DPR of 1 implies that daughters from this bull are 1% more likely to become pregnant during that estrus cycle than a bull with an evaluation at zero. 13. PTA Somatic Cell Score (SCS) The PTA for SCS is used to improve mastitis resistance. Bulls with low PTA for SCS (less than 3.0) are expected to have daughters with lower mastitis than bulls with high PTA for SCS (greater than 3.5).

5 Fertility Protein % PREF$ +$338 1 Sire Fertility (SCR) %Rel Fat % MABL$ +$136 2 HCR %Rel CFP CCR %Rel Prod. Life SynchCheck %Rel DPR + 72%Rel 5 PregCheck %Rel SCS PregCheck+ NA SCR Example: One point of SCR is equal to $2 increased semen value. Let s compare: Bull A has an SCR of + Bull B has an SCR of -8.5 Bull A has an economic value of $21.20 higher than Bull B. 1. Sire Fertility Service Sire Conception Rate (SCR) is the difference of conception rate of sire expressed as a percent comparison. SCR is based on conception rate rather than non-return rate. SCR utilizes multiple services per lactation (up to 7), rather than first service only. A SCR of 1.2 means the bull is 1.2% above average. 2. Heifer Conception Rate (HCR) HCR is the percentage of inseminated virgin heifers that become pregnant. A bull with a +1 evaluation would have daughters that as heifers would be 1% more likely to become pregnant. Services are only included if the heifer is at least 12 months old and less than 2.2 years. 3. Cow Conception Rate (CCR) CCR is the lactating cow s ability to conceive based on the percentage of cows inseminated that become pregnant. If a bull s CCR is +1, his daughters would be 1% more likely to become pregnant during that lactation than a bull with an evaluation of 0. CCR simply looks at the daughter s ability to conceive when inseminated. 4. SynchCheck SynchCheck evaluates conception of sires when bred to females which have been synchronized (ovulation induced through hormonal treatment). 5. PregCheck PregCheck is our internal fertility ranking prediction model and data collection process. Fertility is measured using cow records that have a pregnant or open diagnosis. A one point difference in Preg Check equals a 1% expected change in conception rate. 6. PregCheck+ PregCheck+ is a fertility value for GenChoice (sexed semen) derived from our internal database. The evaluation for average sexed semen fertility is 100 and for every one point difference this is equivalent to a 1% change in conception.

6 Calving and CDN Traits Net Merit +$790 77%Rel99% ile ICC$ +$994 1 Sire Calving Ease 6.1% 99%Rel Cheese Merit +$812 HLTH$ +$360 2 Dau. Calving Ease 5.2% 66%Rel Fluid Merit +$737 FYFT$ +$108 3 Sire Stillbirth 6.7% 97%Rel Milk %Rel CABL$ +$52 4 Dau. Stillbirth 4.9% 60%Rel DPR + 72%Rel PregCheck %Rel Type %Rel FLC Body Condition Score 102 UDC TPI Mastitis Resistance 104 Beta-Casein A1A2 7 Milking Speed 104 Kappa-Casein AA 7 Milking Temperament Sire Calving Ease Percentage of Estimated Difficult Births in Heifers (EDBH) when they calve for the first time. Using bulls 7% EDBH or less can be used to reduce stress on first-calf heifers. 2. Daughter Calving Ease Tendency of daughters of a particular sire to have more (or fewer) problems at calving than an average cow and to produce calves that are born more easily (or difficult) than calves produced by an average cow. 3. Service Sire Stillbirth Measures the tendency of calves from a particular service sire to be stillborn more or less often. 4. Daughter Stillbirth Measures the ability of a particular cow (daughter) to produce live calves. Stillbirth is expressed as percent stillbirths, where stillborn calves are those scored as dead at birth or born alive but died within 48 hours of birth. 5. Body Condition Score (BCS) BCS is sourced from the Canadian Dairy Network (CDN). BCS reflects the animal s energy balance status in which research has clearly shown an association with improved female fertility, longevity and disease resistance. BSC evaluations are expressed as relative breeding values with 100 being average. The scale of expression generally varies from 85 for bulls with daughters that generally have very low scores for body condition to 115 or higher for bulls with daughters that have high scores. Bulls rated over 100 are more desired. 6. Mastitis Resistance (MR) MR is sourced from the CDN. MR combines both clinical and sub-clinical mastitis into a single genetic selection index. The MR index puts equal weighting on the three areas of clinical mastitis in first lactation cows, clinical mastitis in later lactations and somatic cell score across the first three lactations. MR is expressed as a relative breeding value where 100 is average. 7. Milking Speed and Milking Temperament Data points come from the CDN. Milking Speed is evaluated in terms of the percentage of first lactation daughters evaluated as average or fast. Milking Temperament can be defined as milking behavior. Milking Temperament is expressed in terms of the expected percentage of future daughters evaluated as average, calm or very calm during their first lactation. A bull with a score of 100 for both traits indicates average.

7 Type Traits DPR + 72%Rel PregCheck %Rel 1 Type %Rel 3 FLC Body Condition Score UDC TPI Mastitis Resistance PTA Type (PTAT) PTA Type is an estimate of the genetic superiority for conformation that a bull will transmit to its offspring. This is directly correlated with the final score of the bull s daughters, not the linear traits. 2. Udder Composite (UDC) Udder Composite is an index based on ability for udder improvement. Udder composite includes six linear traits, and the weighting for each trait s contribution to higher udder scores. The traits and their weightings are: udder depth-35%, front teat placement 5%, rear teat placement-7%, fore udder attachment-16%, rear udder height-16%,rear udder width-12% and udder cleft-9%. 3. Feet and Legs Composite (FLC) FLC is a measure of a bull s ability for foot and leg improvement. Weights for the four traits in the composite are: feet and leg score- 50%, foot angle-24%, rear legs-rear view-18.5% and rear legs-side view-7.5%. 4. TPI (Total Performance Index) TPI is an index calculated by Holstein Association USA. Traits and weightings in TPI: Protein 27%; Fat 16%; Feed Efficiency 3%; PTAT- Final Score 8%; Dairy Form -1%; UDC 11%; FLC 6%; Productive Life 7%; SCS 5%; Fertility Index 13%; Daughter Calving Ease 2%; Daughter Stillbirth 1% 5. Beta-Casein Beta-Casein is a major casein protein making up 30% of the total milk protein. Studies have shown health benefits for diseases such as type 1 diabetes, IHD, schizophrenia and autism. A2A2 - Most ideal test result A1A2 - Median result - produces equal amounts of A1 and A2 A1A1 - Least ideal test result 6. Kappa-Casein (cheese production) There are many forms of Kappa-Casein A, B and E associated with milk protein and quality. Variants are related to the processing of cheese. Studies show yield for cheese production is higher with BB milk versus AA milk. BB - Preferred result for cheese production AB + BE - Intermediate result for cheese production AA + AE - Least favorable result for cheese production Linear Type Traits Genetic evaluations for the 18 linear type traits are expressed as Standard Transmitting Abilities (STAs). For example, Rear, legs side view - a extreme negative value - a cow will have very posty, straight legs, while a extreme positive value will have sickle, curved rear legs. Stature Strength Body Depth Dairy Form Rump Angle Thurl Width Rear Legs-Side Vw. Rear Legs-Rear Vw. Foot Angle Feet & Legs Score Fore Udder Attach. Rear Udder Height Rear Udder Width Udder Cleft Udder Depth Front Teat Place. Rear Teat Place. Teat Length Frail Shallow Tight Rib Pins Narrow Posty Hock-In Loose Narrow Weak HA-Trait Profile Distribution of STAs 0 Dtrs. Tall Open Rib Sloped Sickle Straight Steep Shallow Long