Performance of Grain Sorghum Hybrids in Louisiana 2012

Transcription

1 Performance of Grain Sorghum Hybrids in Louisiana 212 LAES Research Summary No. 195 December 212

2 Performance of Grain Sorghum Hybrids in Louisiana 212 LAES Research Summary No. 195 This publication and the research reported herein were supported in part by checkoff funds from the LOUISIANA SOYBEAN AND GRAIN RESEARCH AND PROMOTION BOARD. This support is greatly appreciated. LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY AGRICULTURAL CENTER William B. Richardson, Chancellor LOUISIANA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION David Boethel, Vice Chancellor and Director LOUISIANA COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE Paul Coreil, Vice Chancellor and Director The Louisiana State University Agricultural Center and the Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station provide equal opportunities in programs and employment.

3 Performance of Grain Sorghum Hybrids in Louisiana, 212 H.J. Rick Mascagni, Jr., Kelly Arceneaux, Sebe Brown, Millie Deloach, Jacob Fluitt, Dustin Harrell, Steve Harrison, Clayton Hollier, David Kerns, John Kruse, James Leonards, Josh Lofton, Boyd Padgett, Ron Regan, and Sarah Sterling Performance of grain sorghum hybrids is annually evaluated by Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station (LAES) researchers. The purpose of these trials is to provide to Louisiana growers, seedsmen, county agents of the Louisiana Cooperative Extension Service (LCES), and other interested individuals and organizations with unbiased performance data for commercial grain sorghum hybrids submitted for evaluation by private agencies. The cooperating LAES units in 212 were: Rice Research Station, Crowley; Central Research Station, Baton Rouge; Dean Lee Research Station, Alexandria; Red River Research Station, Bossier City; Northeast Research Station, St. Joseph; and Macon Ridge Research Station, Winnsboro. Procedure In 212, 14 grain sorghum hybrids were entered in the LAES yield trials. Soil type, cultural practices, location summaries, and weather graphs are listed prior to data tables for each location. In weather graphs, maximum and minimum temperatures are weekly averages and rainfall weekly totals. At St. Joseph, there was a non-irrigated and irrigated trial. The experimental design at each location was a randomized complete block design with four or five replications. Traits measured and rating scales are listed in Table 1. Analysis of variance and least significant differences (LSD) were computed using SAS (Statistical Analysis System). We used the protected F-test, which means LSDs were calculated only if differences among hybrids existed at the 9% confidence level. If differences were significant, an LSD at the % probability level was calculated. If the LSD (.) for yield in a trial is 4 lb/acre, there is a % chance that two hybrids with a reported yield difference of 4 lb/acre are genetically equal and a 9% probability they have differences in genetic potential in that particular environment. LSD values are influenced by how well soil fertility, stand establishment, plot length, harvest efficiency, and other variables are controlled and by number of replications for each hybrid. The letters NS are used in the text and tables to indicate lack of significance (not significantly different) at the % probability level. The coefficient of H.J. Rick Mascagni, Jr., Professor and Coordinator, Northeast Research Station, St. Joseph, LA 71366; Sebe Brown, David Kerns, and Josh Lofton, Assistant Area Agent Northeast Research Station, Associate Professor, and Assistant Professor, Macon Ridge Research Station, Winnsboro, LA 71295; Kelly Arceneaux and Steve Harrison, Research Associate and Professor, School of Plant, Environmental and Soil Sciences, Baton Rouge, LA 783; Millie Deloach, John Kruse, and Boyd Padgett, Research Associate, Assistant Professor/Specialist, and Central Regional Director, Dean Lee Research Station, Alexandria, LA 7132; Dustin Harrell, Jacob Fluitt, James Leonards, and Ron Regan, Associate Professor, and Research Associates, Rice Research Station, Crowley, LA 7527; Clayton Hollier, Professor, Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Baton Rouge, LA 783; Sarah Sterling, Research Associate, Red River Research Station, Bossier City, LA 71113; 1

4 variation (CV) reflects the magnitude of experimental error (random variation not accounted for by hybrids and replications) in relation to the trial mean. A high CV means that relative differences among hybrids were not consistent among replications, which reduces the precision of a test. Table 1. Traits and rating scales for LAES grain sorghum performance trials. Trait Abbreviation Description Yield Yield Grain 14.% harvest grain moisture, lb/a (212) 2-year yield average 2-yr avg Average grain yield for 211 and 212, lb/a Grain moisture Gr Mo Grain moisture at harvest, % Test weight Test wt Volume weight of grain, lb/bu Heading date Mid-head Date of head emergence in 5% of plants, days after planting (DAP) Plant height Plt ht Height from ground to flag leaf, inches (in) Head type Head type Head type is a measure of head architecture, with ratings of 1-5; 1-compact, 3-intermediate, and 5-open Head exertion Head exert Distance from flag leaf to base of head, in Lodging Lo Estimate of lodged plants, % Anthracnose Blight Anthrac Rating of anthracnose symptoms on foliage and stems, where a indicates none and a 9 indicates severe symptoms. Bird damage Bird Average percent of head damaged, % Results Yield data for 212 and two-year averages (211 and 212) and other agronomic data for each location are presented in Tables 2-7. The Winnsboro location is not reported due to very low yield and excessive variability among plots. Yields for the hybrids in the highest-yielding group for 212 (yields falling within one LSD value) are in bold print. Hybrids in bold print with a single asterisk are in the highest-yielding group for both years, 211 and 212. A location summary, soil type, cultural practices, and weather information are listed prior to data tables for each location. Yield summary across Louisiana for 212 is presented in Table 8 and participating seed companies are listed in Table 9. There were four seed companies that participated in the 212 grain sorghum hybrid performance trials. For additional information on corn trials, please contact Dr. Rick Mascagni, Northeast Research Station, P.. Box 438, St. Joseph, LA (Ph: ; Fax: ; hmascagni@agcenter.lsu.edu); 2

5 Grain Sorghum Hybrid Performance Trial at the Dean Lee Research Station Alexandria Location Summary Rainfall was relatively low in May and June (see below). Maximum temperatures were in the low 9 s. Yields ranged from 7,85 to,238 lb/a, with a trial average of 9,19 lb/a, There were six hybrids in the high-yielding group in 212, averaging 9,672 lb/a. There were two hybrids that were in the highyielding group for both years, 211 and 212. Other agronomic data are presented in Table 2. Soil type Moreland clay Tillage In the fall, applied 175 lb/a, subsoiled, and rehipped. Row spacing 38 inch Seeding rate 6-7 seed/ft Previous crop Cotton Planting date April 2 Fertilization Sidedress: 15 lb N/a; Herbicides Preemerge: Bicep II 1.6 qt/a; Insecticides 4 oz/a (4/2); Grizzly 3 oz/a (6/18); 1.3 oz/a (6/25); 2 oz/a (7/2); Harvest date July 3 Weekly Max/Min Temperature (F) Alexandria Weekly Weather Mar 28-Mar 18-Apr 9-May 3-May 2-Jun 11-Jul 1-Aug 22-Aug Weekly Rainfall (inches) Rainfall Max Temp Min Temp 3

6 Table 2. Performance of grain sorghum hybrids at Alexandria, 212. Brand/hybrid 212 Gr Test Mid- Head Head Yield 1 2-yr avg 2 mo wt head Plt ht exert type Bird lb/a lb/a % lb/bu DAP in in 1-5 % Dekalb DKS53-67*,238 9, Pioneer 84G62*,16 9, REV RV9782 9, Pioneer 84G77 9, Dekalb DKS51-1 9, REV RV9883 9, Pioneer 84P8 8, Dyna-Gro 771B 8,765 8, Dyna-Gro 78B 8,711 8, REV RV9823 8, REV RV9953 8, REV RV983 8, Dyna-Gro 772B 8,453 8, REV RV9973 7, Average 9, CV, % LSD (.) 1, NS 3 1 NS 1 1 NS 1 Yields in bold denote hybrids that are in the highest-yielding group in Hybrids in bold with an asterisk (*) were in the highest-yielding group in both years, 211 and NS = Non-significant at the. probability level 4

7 Grain Sorghum Hybrid Performance Trial at the Central Research Station Baton Rouge Location Summary May rainfall was low, however rainfall was plentiful in June and July (see below). Maximum temperatures averaged in the mid-8 s. Yields ranged from 2,667 to 4,63 lb/a, with a trial average of 3,712 lb/a (Table 3). There were three hybrids that fell within the highest-yielding group in 212. Two hybrids did well both years, 211 and 212. Anthracnose symptoms ranged from 4 to 6 across hybrids (Table 3). Bird damage ranged from 3 to 75% head damage. Soil type Commerce silty clay loam Tillage Conventional Row spacing 3 inch Seeding rate 5 seed/ft Previous Soybeans crop Planting date April 27 Fertilization Sidedress: 9 lb N/a; Herbicides Pre-emerge: 2 qt/a 1.5 pt/a; Insecticides Harvest date August 15 2 oz/a (at flowering) Weekly Max/Min Temperature (F) Baton Rouge Weekly Weather Apr 28-Apr 19-May 9-Jun 3-Jun 21-Jul 11-Aug Weekly Rainfall (inches) Rainfall Max Temp Min Temp 5

8 Table 3. Performance of grain sorghum hybrids at Baton Rouge, 212. Brand/hybrid 212 Yield 1 2-yr avg 2 Gr mo Test wt Midhead Plt ht Anthrac Bird lb/a lb/a % lb/bu DAP in -9 % Pioneer 84G62* 4,63 4, REV RV9782 4, Dekalb DKS53-67* 3,972 4, Pioneer 84G77 3, Dyna-Gro 772B 3,799 4, REV RV9973 3, Pioneer 84P8 3, Dyna-Gro 771B 3,642 4, REV RV983 3, Dyna-Gro 78B 3,591 3, REV RV9823 3, REV RV9953 3, REV RV9883 2, Dekalb DKS51-1 2, Average 3, CV, % LSD (.) NS Yields in bold denote hybrids that are in the highest-yielding group in Hybrids in bold with an asterisk (*) were in the highest-yielding group in both years, 211 and NS = Non-significant at the. probability level 6

9 Grain Sorghum Hybrid Performance Trial at the Red River Research Station Bossier City Location Summary Rainfall was low April through June (see below). Maximum temperatures after mid-june were in the low 9 s. Yields ranged from 2,878 to 5,192 lb/a, with a trial average of 4,124 lb/a (Table 4).There were eight hybrids that fell within the highest-yielding group in 212. Lodging was extensive, ranging from to 85%. Other agronomic data are presented in Table 4. Soil type Moreland silty clay loam Tillage Conventional Row spacing 4 inch Seeding rate 6-7 seed/ft Previous crop Cotton Planting date April 12 Fertilization Sidedress: 13 lb N/a; Herbicides Preemerge: 3 pt/a pt/a; Postemerge: 1.5 pt/a; Insecticides 1.75 oz/a (6/18); Harvest date July 31 Bossier City Weekly Weather Weekly Max/Min Temperature (F) Apr 28-Apr 19-May 9-Jun 3-Jun 21-Jul 11-Aug Weekly Rainfall (inches) Rainfall Max Temp Min Temp 7

10 Table 4. Performance of grain sorghum hybrids at Bossier City, 212. Brand/hybrid 212 Gr mo Test Mid- Plt Head Head Yield 1 wt Head ht exert type Lo Bird lb/a % lb/bu DAP in in 1-5 % % REV RV9973 5, REV RV9823 5, REV RV9953 5, REV RV983 4, Dyna-Gro 771B 4, Dyna-Gro 78B 4, REV RV9883 4, Pioneer 84G77 4, Dekalb DKS , Dekalb DKS51-1 3, REV RV9782 3, Pioneer 84G62 3, Pioneer 84P8 2, Dyna-Gro 772B 2, Average 4, CV, % LSD (.) 744 NS NS 1 Yields in bold denote hybrids that are in the highest-yielding group in 212. No data available in NS = Non-significant at the. probability level 8

11 Grain Sorghum Hybrid Performance Trial at the Rice Research Station Crowley Location Summary Rainfall was relatively well distributed throughout the growing season (see below). Maximum temperatures reached the low 9 s in late June. Yields ranged from 3,15 to 5,186 lb/a, with a trial average of 4,633 lb/a (Table 5). There were 12 hybrids falling within the highestyielding group in 212. Two hybrids did well both years, 211 and 212. Leaf disease, primarily Anthracnose, ranged from to 35% of leaf being affected. Other agronomic data are presented in Table 5. Soil type Crowley silt loam Tillage Conventional Row spacing 3 inch Seeding rate 5 seed/ft Previous crop Fallow Planting date April 19 Fertilization Sidedress: 26 lb /a; 9 lb N/a; Herbicides Preemerge: 2 qt/a + Dual 1.5 pt/a; Postemerge: 1 pt/a + Dual 1.1 pt/a + oz/a + lb/a; Insecticides Karate 2 oz/a (5/18 and 5/23); Harvest date August 16 Crowley Weekly Weather Weekly Max/Min Temperature (F) Apr 16-May 6-Jun 27-Jun 18-Jul 8-Aug Weekly Rainfall (inches) Rainfall Max Temp Min Temp 9

12 Table 5. Performance of grain sorhum hybrids at Crowley, 212. Brand/hybrid yr avg 2 Gr Test Mid- Plt Head Head Leaf Yield 1 mo wt head ht exert type dis Bird lb/a lb/a % lb/bu DAP in in 1-5 % % Dyna-Gro 772B 5,186 4, REV RV9953 5, Pioneer 84P8 5, Dyna-Gro 771B* 5,134 5, REV RV9782 5, Dyna-Gro 78B 4,964 4, Pioneer 84G62* 4,725 5, REV RV9883 4, Dekalb DKS51-1 4, REV RV9973 4, Pioneer 84G77 4, REV RV983 4, Dekalb DKS ,182 4, REV RV9823 3, Average 4, CV, % LSD (.) 875 NS 3 NS Yields in bold denote hybrids that are in the highest-yielding group in Hybrids in bold with an asterisk (*) were in the highest-yielding group in both years, 211 and NS = Non-significant at the. probability level

13 Grain Sorghum Hybrid Performance Trial at the Northeast Research Station St. Joseph Location Summary Rainfall was low April through June (see below). There was one furrow-irrigation (6/28) in the irrigated trial (Table 7). Yields ranged from 7,279 to 8,83 lb/a in non-irrigated trial (Table 6) and 6,683 to 8,241 lb/a in irrigated trial (Table 7). There were three hybrids in non-irrigated and seven hybrids in irrigated trial that fell within the highest-yielding group in 212. There was one hybrid in the irrigated trial that did well in 211 and 212 (Table 7). Other agronomic data are presented in Tables 6 and 7. Soil type Sharkey clay Tillage Stale seedbed with no spring cultivation. Row spacing 4 inch Seeding rate 6-7 seed/a Previous crop Cotton Planting date April 13 Fertilization Sidedress: 125 lb N/a; Herbicides Preemerge: 1.5 qt/a + 1 pt/a + 1 qt/a + 2 oz/a; Postemerge: 1 qt/a + 1 pt/a + 1% COC (v/v); Insecticides 2 oz/a (June 2); 2 oz/a (6/28 and 7/9); Harvest date August 27-3 St. Joseph Weekly Weather Weekly Max/Min Temperature (F) Apr 3-Apr 21-May 11-Jun 2-Jul 23-Jul 13-Aug Weekly Rainfall (inches) Rainfall MaxTemp Min Temp 11

14 Table 6. Performance of non-irrigated grain sorghum hybrids at St. Joseph, 212. Brand/hybrid 212 Gr mo Mid- Plt Head Head Yield 1 head ht exert type Bird lb/a % DAP in in 1-5 % Pioneer 84P8 8, Dekalb DKS , REV RV9782 8, REV RV9883 8, Dyna-Gro 771B 8, Dekalb DKS51-1 8, Pioneer 84G62 8, REV RV9953 8, Dyna-Gro 78B 8, Dyna-Gro 772B 7, REV RV9823 7, REV RV983 7, Pioneer 84G77 7, REV RV9973 7, Average 8, CV, % LSD (.) Yields in bold denote hybrids that are in the highest-yielding group in 212. Table 7. Performance of irrigated grain sorghum hybrids at St. Joseph, 212. Brand/hybrid yr avg 2 Gr mo Mid- Plt Head Head Yield 1 head ht exert type Bird lb/a lb/a % DAP in in 1-5 % Pioneer 84P8 8, Dyna-Gro 771B 7,971 5, Pioneer 84G62 7,853 6, Dekalb DKS51-1 7, REV RV9782 7, Dekalb DKS53-67* 7,721 6, REV RV9883 7, Dyna-Gro 78B 7,498 6, REV RV9953 7, Pioneer 84G77 7, REV RV9973 7, REV RV9823 6, REV RV983 6, Dyna-Gro 772B 6,683 5, Average 7, CV, % LSD (.) NS Yields in bold denote hybrids that are in the highest-yielding group in Hybrids in bold with an asterisk (*) were in the highest-yielding group in both years, 211 and NS = Non-significant at the. probability level 12

15 Table 8. Summary of yield performance of grain sorghum hybrids at five locations in the 212 LAES hybrid performance trials 1. Brand/Hybrid Alex BR BC CR SJ-NI SJ-I Avg. lb/a Dekalb DKS51-1 9,454 2,667 3,531 4,644 8,143 7,826 6,44 Dekalb DKS53-67,238 3,972 4,3 4,182 8,53 7,721 6,486 Dyna-Gro 771B 8,765 3,642 4,657 5,134 8,197 7,971 6,394 Dyna-Gro 772B 8,453 3,799 2,878 5,186 7,788 6,683 5,798 Dyna-Gro 78B 8,711 3,591 4,651 4,964 8,111 7,498 6,254 Pioneer 84G62,16 4,63 3,229 4,725 8,123 7,853 6,429 Pioneer 84G77 9,5 3,83 4,524 4,451 7,378 7,379 6,177 Pioneer 84P8 8,896 3,655 2,99 5,173 8,83 8,241 6,28 REV RV9782 9,654 4,441 3,367 5,98 8,45 7,8 6,461 REV RV983 8,478 3,628 4,919 4,312 7,434 6,838 5,935 REV RV9823 8,545 3,249 5,84 3,15 7,684 6,954 5,778 REV RV9883 9,168 2,769 4,569 4,687 8,34 7,685 6,197 REV RV9953 8,54 3,114 5,13 5,174 8,12 7,438 6,233 REV RV9973 7,85 3,771 5,192 4,568 7,279 7,66 5,954 Average 9,19 3,712 4,124 4,633 8,42 7,541 1 Alex = Alexandria; BR = Baton Rouge; BC = Bossier City; CR = Crowley; SJ-NI = St. Joseph (non-irrigated); SJ-I = St. Joseph (irrigated). 13

16 Table 9. List of participating seed companies and hybrids tested in the LAES 212 grain sorghum hybrid performance trials. Company Brand/hybrid Crop Production Services Dyna-Gro Seed 11 Gin Rd. Rayville, LA Dyna-Gro 771B, Dyna-Gro 772B, Dyna Gro 78B Monsanto Company 982 U.S. Hwy. 77 Bishop, TX Dekalb DKS51-1, Dekalb DKS53-67 Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. 7 Boulevard South Suite 32 Huntsville, AL 3582 Pioneer 84G62, Pioneer 84G77, Pioneer 84P8 Terral Seed, Inc. REV RV9782, REV RV983, REV RV9823, 64 Blount St. REV RV9883, REV RV9953, REV RV9973 Lake Providence, LA