SCEPTRE - New Crop Protection Methods for Soft Fruit. Tim O Neill, ADAS

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1 SCEPTRE - New Crop Protection Methods for Soft Fruit Tim O Neill, ADAS

2 Background Loss of actives - 91/414/EEC Loss of Long Term Arrangements for Extension of Use Future threats to actives - 09/1107/EEC, SUD, WFD Need for food security Opportunity from new technologies

3 Aims of SCEPTRE project Gap-filling Identifying effective and crop safe actives Develop sustainable IPM systems

4 Consortium members

5 Soft fruit targets Strawberry - Mucor & Rhizopus Raspberry - large aphid Strawberry - European tarnished plant bug Bush & cane fruit perennial weeds Bush & cane fruit electrical weed control Strawberry residual herbicides

6 Experiments Aim (Year 1): Determine efficacy of individual new products Most exps were done on research sites Treatments used under Experimental Permits Most products coded Years 2-4: Promising treatments will be tested further, alone and within IPM programmes

7 1. Strawberry: Evaluation of products for control of Mucor and Rhizopus (Angela Berrie, Karen Lower, Tom Passey, East Malling Research) Spanish tunnel crop of strawberry cv. Elsanta Treatments applied as programmes of 5 sprays at 7-10 day intervals from early green fruit. Soft rots were assessed post-harvest in each of 4 harvests taken at weekly intervals. 50 fruit were taken from each plot on all harvests, placed in module trays and incubated for 7 days before assessing.

8 Treatments Treatment Rate Active 1. Untreated Switch 1.0 kg cyprodonil + fludioxonil 3. Signum 1.8 kg pyraclostrobin + boscalid 4. Thianosan 3 kg/1000 L thiram 5. SF Experimental fungicide 6. SF ml/l Adjuvant 7. Potassium bicarbonate 5 kg Potassium bicarbonate 8. Farmfos 5 L Potassium phosphite 9. SF SF g/l ml Biological 10. SF ml Adjuvant 11. SF L Biological 12. SF g/20 L Biological

9 Results (from 2 of 4 harvests) % fruit with mucor after 7 days incubation % Mucor 14-Sep % Mucor 21-Sep 2. Switch 3. Signum 4. Thianosan 5. SF SF Potassium bicarbonate 8. Farmfos 9. SF SF SF SF SF Untreated % of 50 fruit

10 2. Protected raspberry: Novel insecticides for control of aphids (Nick Birch, James Hutton Institute) Glasshouse trial - cubicle (12m x 25m) Separate benched area away from the experimental plants for spraying treatments weekly Randomized block design - 24 plants per treatment in 15 cm pots Plants inoculated with 10 adult Amphorophora idaei and re-loaded after 24h so all plants started with 10 adults. Treatments applied 1 day after inoculation and repeated every week for 3 weeks. Apart from E applied once. Rates agreed with supplier Plants irrigated by calibrated drip feeders

11 Treatments Product name or code Rate of product (v/v) 1. S % 2. S % 3. S % 4. S g/l +supplied wetter 5. S % 6. Water -ve control 7. Calypso 0.05% v/v +ve control

12 Results d 14d 21d 28d Mean number of aphids per plant S X I-0753 I-0762 I-0785 I-0770 Water Calypso S S S S Water Calypso Phytotoxicity observed on plants treated with S and S S , applied only once, gave as good control as Calypso applied 3 times

13 3. Strawberry: European tarnished plant bug (Lygus rugulipennis) (Jerry Cross, East Malling Research) Cage exp in unheated polytunnel - August and September Each plot consisted of 4 potted flowering everbearer strawberry plants held in corners of cage Artificially infested with 8 adult and 5 mature nymphs of L. rugulipennis 8 days before first treatments applied Assessed effect of treatments on number of live insects and fruit damage

14 Treatments Product No. of sprays Rate/ha Conc (/litre) Day of application from 16 August Calypso ml 0.25 ml Chess WG g 0.4 g Steward g 0.25 g I l 20 ml/l I kg 1 g I g 0.14 g I l 10 ml Untreated Plants sprayed in cages with lance at 1000 L/ha

15 Results Populations of the pest failed to increase, but still significant differences All products reduced numbers of adults and nymphs compared with untreated All products reduced fruit damage Best treatments (Chess and Steward) reduced the pest by around 80%) No noticeable phytotoxicity Fruit damage symptoms - clockwise from left: nil damage, slight, moderate, severe

16 4: Bush & cane fruit: perennial weed control with herbicides (Lynn Tatnell, ADAS) Objective Efficacy and crop safety of herbicide products (predominately sulfonylureas) on creeping thistle (Cirsium arvense), broad-leaved dock (Rumex obtusifolius) and nettle (Urtica dioica) Methodolgy Randomised block, 6 replicates Field sourced stock plant material Herbicide application at first true leaves Assessments 2, 4 & 6 weeks post-treatment

17 Treatments Herbicide and dose 1 Untreated control SH (150g/ha) + mineral oil (2.5 L/ha) Roundup (1.5L/ha) + SH (150g/ha) + mineral oil (2.5 L/ha) undisclosed 4 SH (150g/ha) undisclosed 5 Roundup (1.5L/ha) + SH (150g/ha) 6 Roundup (1.5L/ha) + Shark (330 ml/ha) 7 SH (2.0L/ha) undisclosed Active Ingredient glyphosate + undisclosed glyphosate + undisclosed glyphosate + carfentrazoneethyl

18 Results: Mean final vigour score Nettles Docks Thistles SH Roundup + SH SH Roundup + SH Roundup + Shark SH Treatments Untreated control Final vigour score

19 5: Bush and cane fruit: perennial weed control - Electrical weed control (Lynn Tatnell, ADAS) Objective Determine efficacy of electrical weed control using a shielded high-power electrode applied to broad-leaved dock, creeping thistle and nettle in bush and cane fruit

20 Methods Established blackcurrant crop High natural weed population 4 reps each containing 5 dock, thistle, & nettle plants randomly selected and tagged Electrical weed control was performed by Spectrum-tec Ltd (Mike Diprose & Roger Balls) Visual assessments 2, 4, & 10 weeks post treatment 4 blackcurrant plants electrocuted for 1 or 5 seconds on the main stem or side branch Treatment list Voltage (kv) Speed 1 Untreated control km/h (slow) km/h (medium) km/h (slow) km/h (medium)

21 Results (0=dead, 9=healthy) Dock Assessment 1 Assessment 2 Assessment 3 Thistle UTC 3.5kV slow 3.5kV medium 5.0kV slow 5.0 kv medium Nettle Assessment 1 Assessment 2 Assessment UTC 3.5kV slow 3.5kV medium 5.0kV slow 5.0 kv medium Assessment 1 Assessment 2 Assessment 3 UTC 3.5kV slow 3.5kV medium 5.0kV slow 5.0 kv medium

22 6. Strawberry: residual herbicides (John Atwood, ADAS) Treatments applied March 4 replicates Treatment Untreated SH Gamit 36 CS SH SH Rate 4.0 L/ha 0.25 L/ha 2.0 L/ha 4.0 L/ha

23 Results Low weed germination, indication of control of AMG and W Wheat from SH No damage from SH & SH Slight foliar damage SH Significant foliar damage Gamit 36 CS No significant effects on yield

24 Phytotoxicity symptoms SH Gamit 36CS

25 Summary - Promising directions from Year 1 work Signum for strawberry Mucor SI for raspberry aphid Chess and Steward for strawberry plant bug SH and EWC for thistles (+ docks) Herbicides safe to strawberry.and possibly SF for powdery mildew (good on apple and cucumber)

26 For further information

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