New crop protection methods for field vegetables. Dr Tim O Neill, ADAS

Transcription

1 New crop protection methods for field vegetables Dr Tim O Neill, ADAS

2 Agenda 1. The Sceptre project 2. Brassica crops Diseases, Pests 3. Allium crops Diseases, Pests 4. Other crops Pests 5. Weed control 6. Summary

3 1. Sceptre filling crop protection gaps for edible crops (CP 77) Many actives lost or under threat with new legislation (PPPR, SUD, WFD) Identifying effective and crop-safe actives Develop sustainable IPM systems

4 H & H Duncalfe Sceptre consortium members

5 Summary of products tested on years 1 to 3 Novel products used all 3 years Crop Group Totals Pesticidal Category Totals Biological micro-org botanical salt/other Total bio Chemical TOTAL products total unique products for FV total unique products for PE total unique products for SF total unique products for TF total unique products - herbicides total unique products - fungicides total unique products - insecticides

6 Overview of FV work in Sceptre Year Area Brassica Allium Other 2011 D Alternaria, Downy mildew - - P Aphid, Caterpillar, CRF Thrips Aphid (lettuce and carrot) W - - Annual weeds, Residues 2012 D Alternaria, Powdery mildew, Ring spot Rust - P CRF, IPM Thrips Aphid (lettuce) W Band spray Band spray Annual weeds, Electrical 2013 D Powdery mildew Ring spot Rust Downy mildew - P IPM Thrips IPM (lettuce) W Band spray Band spray Annual weeds, Electrical

7 Project delivery Field vegetables Delivery Diseases Peter Gladders, ADAS Pests Rosemary Collier, Warwick University Weeds Andy Richardson, Cathy Knott, ABC and Lynn Tatnell, ADAS Consultants Pesticides Vivian Powell and Bolette Palle Neve, HDC Biopesticides Roma Gwynn, Rationale Communication Sector liaison John Sedgwick, Agrimarc; Cheryl Brewster, HDC KT Rosie Atwood, HDC

8 2. Brassica crops - Diseases Dark leaf spot (Alternaria brassicicola) Chinese cabbage Fungicide screening trial 4 replicates Products Nativo 75WG, Signum and Folio Gold 6 coded products 1 salt Biological screening trials 6 replicates 8 biologicals

9 Dark leaf spot - fungicides % plants affected (14 DAI) KHCO3 SF Unt SF Folio Gold * SF * SF * SF * * * SF * Rudis Signum Nativo *Significantly different from untreated

10 Dark leaf spot - biofungicides SF , SF , SF and SF reduced disease incidence by around 50% at 7 days after inoculation Only the fungicide standard (Rudis) gave control at 14 days after inoculation

11 Powdery mildew (Erysiphe cruciferarum) Trial on swede Fungicides & IPM programme trial 4 replicates Commercial standards (Rudis & Nativo 75 WG) 10 treatments (7 products, 2 progs, 1 mix) Applied at 400 L/ha Some phytotoxicity was observed Severe mildew

12 Treatments Treatment number Timing 1 Day -7 Timing 2 Day 0 Timing 3 Day +7 Timing 4 Day +14 Timing 5 Day Untreated - Untreated - 2 (standard) - Rudis - Rudis - 3 (standard) - Nativo 75WG - Nativo 75WG SF2013-SWE-24 - SF2013-SWE SF2013-SWE-28 - SF2013-SWE SF2013-SWE-89 - SF2013-SWE SF2013-SWE-88 - SF2013-SWE SF2013-SWE-10 - SF2013-SWE-10-9 Untreated Untreated Untreated Untreated Untreated 10 SF2013-SWE-90 SF2013-SWE-90 SF2013-SWE-90 SF2013-SWE-90 SF2013-SWE SF2013-SWE-90 + SF SF2013-SWE-90 + SF SF2013-SWE-90 + SF SF2013-SWE-90 + SF SF2013-SWE-90 + SF SF2013-SWE-11 + adjuvant SF2013-SWE-11 + adjuvant SF2013-SWE-11 + adjuvant SF2013-SWE-11 + adjuvant SF2013-SWE-11 + adjuvant 13 SF2013-SWE-90 SF2013-SWE-90 SF2013-SWE-90 Rudis Rudis 14 - Rudis SF2013-SWE-90 SF2013-SWE-90 SF2013-SWE-90 Treatment timing refers to days pre or post inoculation

13 Powdery mildew severity after 49 days % leaf area (after 49 days) * * * * * * * * 0.00 Untreated SWE-90 SWE-11 + adjuvant SWE-90 + SWE-40 Rudis / SWE-90 SWE-88 SWE-10 Nativo WG SWE-28 SWE-89 Rudis SWE-24 SWE-90 / Rudis *Significantly different from untreated *

14 Ring spot (Mycosphaerella brassicicola) Trial on pointed cabbage Fungicide & IPM programmes trial 4 replicates Commercial standard programme using Rudis & Amistar 10 programmes applied using 11 products Applied at 400 L/ha to 5 m plots Both conventional fungicides and biofungicides are being applied

15 Treatment programmes Trt Timing 1 27 Aug Timing 2 3 Sep Timing 3 12 Sep Timing 4 24 Sep Timing 5 9 Oct Timing 6 18 Oct 1 Untreated Untreated Untreated Untreated Untreated Untreated 2 - Amistar - Rudis - Amistar 3 - Signum - Rudis - Signum 4 - Nativo 75WG - Rudis - Nativo 75WG 5 - SF2013-BRA-10 - SF2013-BRA-10 - SF2013-BRA SF2013-BRA-24 - SF2013-BRA-24 - SF2013-BRA SF2013-BRA-25a - SF2013-BRA-25a - SF2013-BRA-25a 8 SF2013-BRA Amistar - SF2013-BRA Rudis - SF2013-BRA Amistar BRA BRA BRA BRA BRA BRA Serenade Serenade Serenade Serenade Serenade Serenade

16 Brassica Control of leaf diseases Treatment % leaf area affected (21 Nov) Yield Ring spot DM Alternaria (Kg / plot) 1. Untreated Fungicides (3 sprays) 2. Amistar / Rudis Signum / Rudis Nativo / Rudis BRA BRA BRA 25a Biofungicides (5 sprays) 8. Serenade ASO BRA Amistar + BRA

17 Brassica crops - Pests Control of cabbage root fly, aphids and caterpillars - IPM Planted 13 May Cabbage root fly treatments applied as drench preplanting Plants in bio-insecticide trial treated with Dursban to protect against cabbage root fly attack Root damage assessed 4 weeks after planting Spraying started when pest numbers had built up Conventional aphid and caterpillar insecticides applied once Bio-insecticides for aphid and caterpillar applied 3 times at weekly intervals Spraying started 26 July (aphid treatments) and 1 August (caterpillar treatments) Numbers of aphids and caterpillars counted after spraying

18 Cabbage Root Fly Control

19 Aphid Control Conventional insecticides Number of live aphids/plant Bio-insecticides 0 Untreated Movento Movento (+ SI2013-BRU-142) SI2013-BRU-60 SI2013-BRU-59 SI2013-BRU-50 (pre-planting) 500 Number of lilve aphids/plant Untreated SI2013-BRU-01 SI2013-BRU-92 SI2013-BRU-62 SI2013-BRU-130

20 Caterpillar Control Conventional insecticides Percent plants with caterpillars Bio-insecticides 0 Untreated Steward Tracer (Preplanting) SI2013-BRU-48 SI2013-BRU-143 SI2013-BRU-50 (Pre-planting) 90 Percent plants with caterpillars Untreated SI2013-BRU-64 SI2013-BRU-68 SI2013-BRU-94 SI2013-BRU-130

21 3. Allium crops - Diseases Spring onion downy mildew (Peronospora destructor) Fungicide & biofungicide programmes 4 replicates Spring onion standard programme: Olympus, Invader, Amistar & Signum Bulb onion standard: Valbon, Olympus and Dithane NT 15 programmes using 18 products 4 sprays fungicides, 6 sprays biofungicides Plot size 8m x 1.5 m

22 Downy mildew control 24 SOS BOS Last spray: 18 Sep

23 Comparison of treatments Good control with bulb onion standard programme Downy mildew in test product plot

24 Detail of the effective reference programmes Products Spring Onion Invader + Amistar Valbon + Olympus Invader + Signum Bulb Onion Valbon + Olympus Unicur + Dithane Valbon + Dithane Active Ingredients Dimethomorph + mancozeb azoxystrobin Benthiavalicarb isopropyl + mancozeb azoxystrobin + chlorothalonil Dimethomorph + mancozeb boscalid + pyraclostrobin Benthiavalicarb isopropyl + mancozeb azoxystrobin + chlorothalonil Prothioconazole + fluoxastrobin mancozeb Benthiavalicarb isopropyl + mancozeb mancozeb

25 Allium crops - Pests Control of thrips (Thrips tabaci) on leeks Planted 22 May Little damage observed in early part of season Sprays started 14 August as thrips increased 4 sprays of conventional insecticides applied at 14d intervals (Trial 1) 4 sprays of bio-insecticides applied at 7d intervals (Trial 2) Thrips damage assessed at end of spray programmes

26 Thrips control

27 4. Other crops - pests Carrot: Control of willow-carrot aphid 6 conventional insecticides and 2 bio-insecticides Aphid activity monitored at regular intervals. First treatments applied when aphids present 1 spray of insecticide and 3 of bio-insecticides Reference product: Biscaya Aphids counted at 9 and 16 days after first spray

28 Results willow-carrot aphid Number of aphids/m row * * * * 9 days post spray 16 days post spray 0 Bio-insecticides marked *

29 Lettuce: Control of aphids and caterpillars 3 trials planted: 25 June, 6 Aug and 23 Sep Plants infested with currant lettuce aphid preplanting, covered with fleece post-planting to exclude predators Colonies generally small in numbers and occasionally patchy Insecticides applied once and bio-insecticides applied twice (7d interval) Colony of silver-y established in laboratory Potted plants infested with caterpillars and sprayed with test chemicals Plants re-infested 1 week after spraying

30 Control of currant lettuce aphid Conventional insecticides trial 1 trial 2 trial 3 Untreated Movento SI2013-LET-50 SI2013-LET-59 Number of N. Ribisnigri/plant SI2013-LET Bio-insecticides trial 1 trial 2 trial 3 SI2013-LET-130 SI2013-LET-51 SI2013-LET-92 SI2013-LET-62 Untreated Number of N. ribisnigri/plant

31 Control of Silver-Y caterpillar Conventional insecticides First treatment 1 week after spraying Untreated SI2013-LET-50 SI2013-LET-48 SI2013-LET-140 Number of caterpillars/plant Conventional insecticides Untreated SI2013-LET-50 SI2013-LET-48 SI2013-LET-140 Feeding holes/plant

32 5. Weed control Herbicides for crop safety and weed control 15 crops Pre-emergence and post transplant Herbicides tested at 3 doses

33 New herbicides for weed control: Product Safe to crop Key weeds controlled Car Cau Cel Lee Let Oni AMG Fat Hen Gro Kno Gra May Wee Sma net 76* * She Pur Trials at Elsoms. See HDC reports for full details and other crops tested. * Suppresses volunteer potatoes

34 Band spray herbicides for annual weed control in brassicas, leeks and onions In row treatment Inter row treatment

35 Results Leeks at Besthorpe % weed control compared to UTC Herbicide treatment No crop phytotox, more weeds in between rows (T5 + T6) 56 DAT- UTC % weeds Redshank, mayweed, b.bindweed, groundsel, sowthistle * Significantly different from Wing-P at 2.0 L / ha * * * * 2.0 l/ha 4.0 l/ha 4.0 l/ha l/ha l/ha (in row) + Wing-P + Defy (inter) l/ha (in row) + Stomp aqua + Defy (inter)

36 Herbicide and electrical weeding treatments on cauliflowers Butisan 1.5 L/ha L/ha Butisan 1.5 L/ha L/ha + electrical Butisan 1.5 L/ha L/ha + mechanical Electrical weeding alone Mechanical weeding alone Similar trial on leeks at 2 sites

37 % weed control Results Cauliflowers: Mechanical and electrical treatments Treatments 19 DAT (after electrical + mechanical treatment) No phytotoxicity * * Knotgrass, redshank, fathen, groundsel, f. speedwell * Significantly different from herbicide alone 1.5 l/ha l/ha 1.5 l/ha l/ha + Electrical 1.5 l/ha l/ha + mechanical Electrical alone Mechanical alone

38 6. Summary of progress (potential new products) - Diseases Crop Target Reference Fungicides Biofungicides Brassica Alternaria Rudis Sig Downy mildew Folio Gold Powdery mildew Rudis Ring spot Signum Leek Rust Amistar Top Sig Ser Onion Downy mildew Mixtures

39 Summary of progress (potential new products) Pests Crop Target pest Reference Insecticides Bioinsecticides Brassica Aphid Movento Caterpillar Steward CRF Tracer Carrot Aphid Biscaya Lettuce Aphid Movento Caterpillar Tracer Leek Thrips Tracer

40 Sceptre Further information Website HDC News HortWeek Events Open Days Conferences Contacts Tim O Neill: Project coordinator Bolette Palle-Neve: Project secretary John Sedgwick: Industry liaison field vegetables

41 Many thanks to. David Piccaver Project Chairman Defra, HDC and Industry partners funding Growers hosting trials All the researchers and their teams