Pre-conference Workshop Tropentag University of Ghent, Belgium

Transcription

1 Pre-conference Workshop Tropentag 2018 Farmers and academics merging knowledge to adapt to climate change Dr. Silke Stöber, SLE University of Ghent, Belgium Climate resilient investigation and innovation project South Sulawesi, West Java

2 CRAIIP- Climate resilient investigation and innovation project NGO/CSO University Reasearcher Farmer Researcher 2

3 1. Purpose of workshop Gain practical insights into smallholder farmers adaptive capacities and how to develop climate resilience To better understand what kind of research and learning is required in order to effectively merge knowledge between farmers and academics 3

4 Workshop Agenda Introduction Purpose of the workshop Introduction of participants Simple show: Why climate-resilient agriculture matters for Indonesia? Key note: Developing adaptive capacities: from farmer field schools to climate field labs Practical examples Climate risk and adaptation practices in Indonesia Power of innovative learning in East Africa Native trees and carbon-certification in Senegal World Café 4

5 Introduction of participants Climate change is relevant for me, because 5

6 From Farmer Field Schools to Climate Field Labs Project approach of the Climate resilient investigation and innovation project CRAIIP 6

7 Two main messages: Global temperature keeps rising CO2 concentration keeps rising

8 50% more than preindustrial 8

9 Climate projections Source: Schöll (2018): ASA project; Projections of the annual temperature change (a) and precipitation change (b) relatively to the average of the basis period ( ) according to 18 CMIP5 GCMs 9

10 Climate risk concept IPCC AR5 What is the climate signal? How do natural and human systems react? Demo plots and field experiments Climate Field Schools What or who is at risk? Source: IPCC AR5 Objective: Farmers increase their adaptive capacity to develop their resilience to climate change

11 Hazards and direct physical impacts changed dynamics of pests and diseases frequency / intensity of storms Salinisation Land loss Flood Heavy rainfall events Dry spells Soil erosion Land slides Crop failure and harvest losses Soil fertility loss Land degradation: less fertile agricultural land Less income from agriculture Destruction of fields/ infrastructure Livestock losses 11

12 Climate change and Agriculture Impacts CC = mitigation is impacted by CC =adaptation Crop failure and harvest losses Soil fertility loss Land degradation: less fertile agricultural land Less income from agriculture Source: FAOSTAT Indonesia 12

13 Merging communities of practices Part I Agroecology & local wisdom Farmer field school On-farm trials Where is the climate? 13

14 Merging communities of practices Part II Agroecology Farming & local wisdom Climate-friendly Climate Field Farmer field Schools school On-farm trials Adaptation techniques Is this enough to influence climate policies? 14

15 Merging communities of practices Appropriate technologies and innovations Climate-friendly Farming evidence-based advocacy Climate Field Schools Climate Field Lab Adaptation techniques Problem-solving dialogue increased adaptive capacity 15

16 What limits farmer participation in CC research? No value of local wisdom/indigenous knowledge, although many indigenous territories are located in areas highly vulnerable to CC and are in highly demanded to protect agro-ecological systems (Kumar 2014) If it is valued at all, then only to extract knowledge: no transformative knowledge (no solutions) (Yuen et al 2013) Insufficiency of of local wisdom/indigenous knowledge to cope with extreme events, local communities are now integrating suitable scientific tools and technologies into their plans for adapting to CC, taking I.K. / local wisdom as strong foundation (Karki 2017) 16

17 What limits the impact of science? Source: FAO/Atta-Krah 1989 Mind set and attitude? 17

18 What limits impact of science? Science-policy devide: adaptation science business versus weak implementation -> adaptation is local, should be no-regret, is novel, is urgent and requires participation (Preston et al. 2013) Knowledge gap: Close knowledge gap of current vulnerability, uncertainties about projected future vulnerabilities (Dany 2015) 18

19 What limits effectiveness of politics/policies? Cross-cutting nature of climate change adaptation work -> challenges for adaptation planning (Lebel 2018) Dissemination gap: Adaptation technologies are available but lack of climate change adaptation practices results from relevant knowledge being inaccessible or unused (Lebel 2018) Social gap: network analysis and gender largely underrepresented (Davidson 2016) 19

20 Social gender and policy gap of CCA research Categorization of journal articles on the topic of climate change adaptation in agriculture published in Source: Davidson

21 Sources Dany (2015): Climate Change Adaptation Planning in Cambodia and Potential for Improvements, PhD thesis, Bond University, Australia. Davidson (2016): Gaps in agricultural climate adaptation research, Nature Climate Change, volume 6, pages (2016) FAO/Atta-Krah (1989): On-farm research FAOSTAT IPCC AR5 Karki et al (2017): Climate change: Integrating indigenous and local knowledge into adaptation policies and practices a case study from Nepal Kumar (2014): Role of Indigenous Knowledge in Climate Change Adaptation Strategies: A Study with Special Reference to North-Western India. J Geogr Nat Disast 4:131. doi: / Lebel et al (2018): The framing and governance of climate change adaptation projects in Lao PDR and Cambodia, Int Environ Agreements, Mafongoya, P.L. and Ajayi, O.C. (editors), 2017, Indigenous Knowledge Systems and Climate Change Management in Africa, CTA, Wageningen, The Netherlands, 316pp. Preston et al. (2013): Climate adaptation heuristics and the science/policy divide, March 2013, Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 20(3), DOI: /s x Schöll (2018): ASA project in CRAIIP Yuen et al (2013): Climate change vulnerability assessments as catalysts for social learning: four case studies in south-eastern Australia. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 18(5):

22 Questions World Café 1. How have people / farmers experienced climate change and what remedies they have? 2. How to promote the process of research and development instead of disseminating blueprints (technologies)? 3. What concrete research actions we could think of in order to increase adaptive capacity of smallholder farmers? 4. How to link science and policies? How to inspire policies from farmers innovations and good practices? 22