EVALUATION OF BISPYRIBAC SODIUM AND OTHER HERBICIDES IN TRANSPLANTED RICE

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1 EVALUATION OF BISPYRIBAC SODIUM AND OTHER HERBICIDES IN TRANSPLANTED RICE Tathagata Das 1, Brajagopal Mandal 2, Mahua Banerjee 3 and G. C. Malik 4 1,2 Department of Agriculture, Government of West Bengal, 3, 4 Department of ASEPAN, Palli Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Agriculture), Visva-Bharati, Sriniketan West Bengal Abstract Field experiments were conducted at Agricultural Farm, Institute of Agriculture, Visva Bharati, Sriniketan to evaluate herbicides bispyribac-sodium and other herbicidecombination in transplanted rice variety MTU 1010 during Nine treatments were included in a randomized block design and replicated three times. The treatments consisted of post-emergence application of bispyribacsodium 10 SC at 20, 25 and 30 g ha -1 at 25, post-emergence application of cyhalofop butyl g ha -1 at 15 and follow up spray of 2,4-D g ha -1 at 30, post-emergence application of cyhalofop butyl 10 EC at followed by application of metsulfuron methyl + chlorimuron ethyl 20 WP at 4 g ha -1 at 30, pre emergence application of butachlor g ha -1 at 3 followed by post-emergence application of 2,4-D g ha -1 at 30, pre emergence application of butachlor g ha -1 at 3 followed by post-emergence application of metsulfuron methyl + chlorimuron ethyl 20 4 g ha -1 at 30, hand weeding twice at 20 and 40 and unweeded check. The results revealed that total weed population and dry weight under bispyribac-sodium at 25 g ha -1 were at par with the higher dose of bispyribac-sodium at 30 g ha - 1 during the year of study. The weed control efficiency and weed index under bispyribac-sodium at lower dose were also comparable with that of higher dose indicating the sufficiency of bispyribacsodium at 25 g ha -1 for effective weed management in transplanted rice. The effect of bispyribacsodium at 25 g ha -1 on producing tillers were also at par with that of higher dose. Post-emergence application of bispyribac-sodium at 25 g ha -1 recorded a grain yield of 5176 kg ha -1 which were at par with higher dose of bispyribac-sodium. Higher net income and benefit-cost ratio were also associated with the application of bispyribac-sodium at 25 g ha -1. Key words- Bispyribac sodium, lower dose, transplanted rice,panicles I. INTRODUCTION Rice, the mostimportantstaplefoodcropof Indiais cultivated under various ecosystems,viz. transplanted, di- rectsown and rainfed situations.to meet the future food requirement sofeverin creasing population and maintain self sufficiency,theestimated riceproductioninindia should be 350 million tones by2020ad.intransplanted rice,weedinfestations not only reduce the grain yield up to 45% but also quality of grainisim paired. Theshare of weed managementcostishigherthan other operationsin transplanted rice. Thoughman ypre-emergenceher bicides area vailable for controlling weeds, theneedforpost-emergenceherbicideisoftenrealized tocombattheweeds emerged duringlaterstages of cropgrowth.moreover, duetoincreasingproblem oflabouravailabilityforrice cultivation,useof postemergenceherbicidehasgreater potentialforeffectiveweedmanagementandhigheryield. DOI: /IJAPSA FN4Y Page 1

2 Inthiscontext,presentstudy wascarriedouttoevaluate bispyribac-sodium and other herbicide combinationefficacyintransplantedrice. II. MATERIALS AND METHODS A field experiment was carried out in the wet season of 2014 in red and lateritic zone of West Bengal at agricultural farm, Sriniketan, Birbhum under Institute of Agriculture, Visva-Bharati. The farm where the experiment was conducted is situated at red and lateritic zone of West Bengal at The field is situated at N 23 o latitude and E 087 o longitudes with an average altitude of 58.9 m above mean sea level. The land is topographically known as medium land and the soil was sandy loam in texture having ph 5.09, EC 0.32ds m -1, organic carbon 0.37%, available N kg ha - 1, available P kg ha -1 and available K kg ha -1. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with 9 treatments (Table 1) and 3 replications. 21 days old seedlings of rice var. MTU 1010 was transplanted with 3-4 seedlings hill -1 during 2nd week of August in the year of experimentation at a spacing of 20 cm 20 cm. Herbicides were sprayed using knapsack sprayer fitted with a flat fan nozzle at a spray volume of 500 l ha -1. Recommended dose of fertilizers i.e. 80: 40: 40 kg N, P 2 O 5 and K 2 O ha -1 were applied. Half dose of N in the form of Urea, and full amount of P 2 O 5 (Single Super Phosphate) and K 2 O (Muriate of Potash) were applied as basal during final land preparation. Rest half of N was top dressed in two equal splits; one at active tillering and the other at panicle initiation stage. The rice plant was harvested on experimentation. Thedataonweeddensity anddry weightofweedswererecorded at40. Theweed dry weightwasexpressedasg m -1.Weed controlefficiency and weed indexwerecomputed. Theyield attributesand grainyield ofricewererecorded andeconomicswasalso workedout. III. RESULTSANDDISCUSSION Totalweeddensity Thetotaldensityofweedsdecreasedwithincreaseindosesofbispyribac-sodium (Table1).Thelowesttotalweeddensity wasobserved byhand weeding at 20 and 40 plots. However higherdoseofbispyribac-sodium at30 g ha -1 wasatparwiththelowerdoseof25 g ha - 1.Thehighestweeddensitywasobserved inunweededcontrolplot.reductioninweeddensitydue toapplicationofbispyribac-sodium at15and25in transplantedricewerereportedby Yadavetal,(2009). These resultswerealso in conformitywith the findingsofkumaran etal,(2012)whoregisteredlower weed densityunderbispyribac-sodium than otherweed managementtreatmentsindirect-seededrice. Dryweight Applicationofbispyribac-sodiumatall thedoses resultedin significantreductionintotalweeddryweight than unweeded check(table1).howeverthetotalweeddry weightunderthehigherdoseofbispyribac-sodium at30 g ha -1 wasatparwiththelowerdoseof25 g ha - 1 indicating thesufficiency oflowerdoseof25g ha -1 foreffectiveweed managementin transplantedrice.thehighest weed dry weightwasregistered in unweededcontrolplot. Postemergenceapplicationofbispyribac-sodiumat15or25 significantly decreasedtheweeddry weightin transplanted rice(yadav etal,2009).similarresultsof lowerweeddryweightwiththeapplicationofbispyribacsodiumat40g ha -1 All rights Reserved Page 2

3 Treatments International Journal of Applied and Pure Science and Agriculture (IJAPSA) Table 1Effectofherbicide applicationonweedgrowthintransplantedrice Total weed Total density at 40 weed dry (no. m -2 ) matter at 40 (g Weed control efficiency (%) m -2 ) T 1 :- 20 g a.i./ ha at (23.50) * 1.39(1.44) T 2 :- 25 g a.i./ ha at (19.72) 1.30(1.19) T 3 :- 30 g a.i./ ha at (15.24) 1.17(0.88) T 4 a.i./ha at 15 fb 2,4-D-Na@ 0.8 kg a.i./ha at (42.55) 1.68(2.31) T 5 a.i./ha at 15 fb MSM + CME a.i./ha at Weed index (%) 5.75(32.51) 1.52(1.82) T 6 a.i./ha at 3 fb 0.8 kg a.i./ha at (61.52) 1.97(3.36) T 7 a.i./ha at 3 fb MSM + CME a.i./ha at (48.83) 1.71(2.42) T 8 :- Hand weeding at 20, (0.00) 0.71(0.00) T 9 :- Weedy check 9.51(89.85) 4.77(22.30) LSD (P=0.05) NA NA *values in parentheses are original. Data transformed to square root transformation. fb= followed by, = Days after transplanting. CFB= cyhalofop-butyl, MSM= metsulphuron- methyl, CME= chlorimuron- ethyl, NA= Not analyzed Weedcontrolefficiency Among the weed control treatments, application of bispyribac-sodium at 30 g ha -1 recorded highest weed control efficiency of 96.08(Table 1), which was followed by the same herbicide with lower doses of 25 g ha -1 (94.67%) and 20 g ha -1 (93.58%). Weed index which indicate the reduction in grain yield was minimum under bispyribac-sodium applied plots. Post-emergence application of bispyribac-sodium at all the doses reduced the grain yield very marginally indicating the superior effect of weed control. Higher weed control efficiency with lower weed index under bispyribac-sodium applied plots were due to effective weed control as evident from lower weed population and lesser weed dry weight than other treatments.similar result of bispyribac-sodium was registered by Nalini et al, (2012). Yieldattributes All the yield attributes of rice were significantly influenced by the weed management practices (Table 2). Highest number of effective tillersm -2 of 400 were recorded by hand weeding at 20 and 40 plot which was at par with higher dose of bispyribac-sodium application. Application of bispyribac-sodium at 25 and 20 g ha -1 registered though numerically lower number of effective tillersm - 2, its effect on producing tillers was at par that of higher dose of the herbicide. Regarding panicle length, hand weeding at 20 and 40 plot recorded higher values, and it was at par with the higher dose of bispyribac-sodium. Similarly, number of grains panicle -1 were also higher with hand weeding at 20 and 40 plot but at par with bispyribac-sodium at 30 gha -1. Post-emergence application of bispyribac-sodium at 25 g ha -1 registered 126 number of grains panicle -1 which was at par with that of bispyribac-sodium at 30 g ha -1 (133). Similar results of higher yield attributes of transplanted rice under bispyribac-sodium application were reported by Veeraputhiranand Balasubramanian (2013). Grain yield Significant variation among weed management practices was found and higher yield was associated with bspyribac-sodium applied plots (Table 2). Hand weeding at 20 and 40 plot registered highest grain yield of 6143 kg ha -1. Post emergence application of bispyribac-sodium at 25 g ha -1 recorded grain yield of 5176 kg ha -1 which was at par with higher dose of bispyribac-sodium. The effect of all the three doses of bispyribac-sodium on grain yield was significantly higher All rights Reserved Page 3

4 application of other herbicide combination and unweeded control. There was 48.74% yield reduction under unweeded plot over weed free plot. The higher grain yield in bispyribac-sodium applied plots was attributed to lesser weed population and weed dry weight which might have caused lesser weed competition with rice resulted in the production of higher yield attributes which was reflected in higher yield. The results of effective weed control along with higher grain yield by bispyribac-sodium against mixed weed flora in transplanted rice (Manjunathaet al,2012)were in confirmative with the present investigation. Economics The economic analysis of weed management practices (Table 2) revealed that higher economic benefits were realized under bispyribac-sodium application. Post emergence application of bispyribac- at 25 g sodium at 30 g ha -1 registered highest net profit of ha -1 followed by bispyribac-sodium ha -1 ( ha -1 ). Table 2Effectofherbicideapplicationonyield attributing factors, grain yield andeconomicsof transplantedrice Treatments effective tillers panicle grains grain yield net profit m -2 length (cm) panicle -1 (kg ha -1 ) ( ha -1 ) T 1 :- 20 g a.i./ ha at 25 T 2 :- 25 g a.i./ ha at 25 T 3 :- 30 g a.i./ ha at 25 T 4 a.i./ha at 15 fb 2,4-D- Na@ 0.8 kg a.i./ha at 30 T 5 a.i./ha at 15 fb MSM + CME a.i./ha at 30 T 6 a.i./ha at 3 fb 2, kg a.i./ha at 30 T 7 a.i./ha at 3 fb MSM + CME a.i./ha at 30 T 8 :- Hand weeding at 20, T 9 :- Weedy check LSD (P=0.05) fb= followed by, = Days after transplanting. CFB= cyhalofop-butyl, MSM= metsulphuron- methyl, CME= chlorimuronethyl Higher benefit-cost ratio was also associated withbispyribac-sodium at 30 g ha -1 (2.41) which was followed by hand weeding at 20 and 40, bispyribac-sodium at 25 g ha -1 & bispyribac-sodium at 20 g ha -1 (2.33, 2.26 and 2.21 respectively). It may be concluded that application of post-emergence herbicide bispyribac-sodium at the rate of 25 g ha -1 on 25 could be a suitable and economical herbicidal weed management for transplanted rice and higher productivity. REFERENCE Benefit:cost ratio [1] Manjunatha, K. B., Hanumanthappa, M., Nagesha, L.; Kalyanamurthy, K. N., Kamath, K. V. S. (2012). Effect of new herbicide molecules on nutrient uptake in transplanted rice (Oryzasativa L.) in coastal Karnataka. Mysore Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 46(4): [2] KumaranST,Kathiresan G,Chinnu usamycandmuraliarthanarip.2012.evaluation ofnewpost-emergence herbicidebispyribac- sodiumfortransplantedrice,p.74.in: BiennialConferenceon WeedThreattoAgriculture,Biodiversitya andenvironment,19-20april,2012,keralaagriculturalunive ersity,thrissur,kerala. [3] MuraliArthanariP, ChinnusamyC,GowthamiS,Muthukrishnan P, VeeramaniP andnalinik.2012.evaluationofnewpost- on Weed Threat emer- genceherbicidebispyribac-sodiu um fortransplanted rice,p.78. In:Biennial Conference toagriculture, BiodiversityandEnvironment,19-20April,2012,Kerala Agri- cultural University, Thrissur, All rights Reserved Page 4

5 [4] NaliniK,MuraliArthanariPandChinnusamyC.2012.Evaluation ofnewpost-emergence herbicide bispyribac-sodium fortrans- plantedrice,p.74.in: BiennialConferenceon WeedThreatto Agriculture,Biodiversity andenvironment, 19-20April,2012, KeralaAgricultural University, Thrissur, Kerala. [5] Yadav DB,Yadav AandPuniaSS Evaluation of bispyribac sodiumfor weedcontrol intransplanted rice. IndianJournalofWeedScience41(1&2): [6] Veeraputhiran R.and Balasubramanian R Evaluation of bispyribac-sodium in transplanted rice. IndianJournalof WeedScience45(1): 12 All rights Reserved Page 5