2013 Georgia Grazing School:

Transcription

1 Segrega&ng herds based on animal class and nutri&onal need Lawton Stewart Grazing School August 7, 2013 Developing a Feeding Strategy 1. Understand your produc@on system Fall Calving Spring Calving Con@nuous 2. Understand your forage system Pasture Conserved forage 3. Develop an economical supplement Reproduc&ve Efficiency The most important factor affec@ng profitability Highly dependent on proper nutri@on Nutrient Priori8es Brood Cow Nutrient Requirements 1. Maintenance 2. Growth (Heifers) 3. Lacta8on 4. Reproduc8on

2 Separate Cows Based on Stage of Produc&on Body Condi&on Scoring??? Underfeeding = LOSE CONDITION Over feeding = FAT COWS 1-9 Assess the energy reserve status of a cow. Over feeding = FAT COWS BCS- 1 BCS- 9 Body Condi&on Scoring??? When to BCS? 4 5 Pregnancy Rate, % BCS Kunkle et al., 1998 Nutrients needed to increase BCS over a 70 day period* Mature BW, lb BCS Addi@on TDN needed above normal requirements What does that mean??? A 1200 lb cow at weaning is a BCS 4 How much more TDN does she need to get to a BCS 5 in 70 days? What would here total TDN requirement be? What would the requirement be post calving? * Nutrients need to move up to the given BCS

3 What about her? A 1200 lb cow at weaning is a BCS 6 Can we u@lize her energy reserve if forage is limited? YES Mobilized fat is worth 80% of dietary calories. To get to BCS 6 takes an addi@onal 10.4% TDN. To go down from BCS 6 is (10.4 * 80% = 8.3% TDN) A diet of 40%TDN (48% requirement for dry cows 8.3% = ~40%) will carry her 70d keep her above a BCS 5. Nutritional Requirements of Weaned Calves Medium-frame steer calves Wt (lb) Daily Gain (lb) Crude Protein TDN Know the requirements to keep calves gaining Remember: Gain and health = $$$$ Health is a function of immunity and nutrition Forage Potential Forages CP TDN Peak Lactation Suitable for: Late Lactation Dry Cow 600 lb calf gain, lb/d Poor Hay 7 48 No No Yes 0.5 Average Hay No Yes Yes 1.25 Good Hay Yes Yes Yes 1.35 Bermudagrass Pasture Yes Yes Yes 1.60 Tall Fescue Pasture Yes Yes Yes 1.50 Winter Annuals Vegetative Yes Yes Yes 2.5 Winter Annuals Mature No No No 1.3 Grazed Forage? Corn Silage Drought stressed crops Hay produced High quality??? Low quality??? Hay produced Storage Tes@ng Inventory L. Stewart, UGA Extension Available Forages Hay CuYng Produc8on Phase 1. CP 14% Dry Cow TDN 60% 2. CP 10% Late Gesta@on TDN 55% 3. CP 6% Early Lacta@on TDN 47% TEST FORAGES!!!! Supplementa&on Strategies 1. Winter Annuals 2. Commercial Feeds Winter annuals Warm- season perennial grasses Winter annuals (small grain/annual ryegrass 3. Liquid Feeds/Tubs 4. Byproducts

4 Lick Tanks, Tubs, and Blocks Advantage: 1. Convenient 2. Reduced Labor 3. minerals and vitamins Do they work miracles? They ll eat the old hay from last year if I use liquid feed Disadvantage??? 1. Intake? 2. Adequate nutrients? 3. Affordable? Using a Lick Tub for CP Using a Lick Tub for Energy Fair Hay 10% CP, 50%TDN Fair Hay 10% CP, 50%TDN PoorHay 7% CP, 46%TDN Poor Hay 7% CP, 46%TDN Microbial Crude Protein Produc8on Crude Protein RUMEN Energy Nitrogen Mortar Energy Bricks SMALL INTESTINE What's available Price Evaluate on DM basis Look at $/nutrient Handling / Storage Minerals Byproduct Feeding

5 1. Grain Corn gluten feed s grains Soy Hulls Wheat middlings 2. Cooon Whole seed Gin trash Hulls Poten&al Byproducts 3. Sugar and starch Cane, beet & corn molasses Salvage candy 4. Vegetable Cull vegetables RUMEN Sources of Energy Fiber Starch SMALL INTESTINE Effect of Increasing Corn on Hay Intake and Diges8bility Effect of Increasing Soybean Hulls on Hay Intake Corn, lbs/day None Hay DMI lbs DOMI, lbs Hay OM Digest, % Oklahoma State, 1987 JAS 65:557 SH, lbs/day None Hay, OMI, lbs DOMI, lbs OM Digestibility, % Oklahoma State, 1990 JAS 68:4319 What's available Price Evaluate on DM basis Look at $/nutrient Handling / Storage Minerals Byproduct Feeding Byproduct Pricing Ingredient $/ton % DM % CP % TDN $/lb CP $/lb TDN SBM 48 $ $ $ $/ton / % DM / % nutrient / 2000 lb = $/lb of nutrient

6 CP Byproduct Price Trends Energy Byproduct Price Trends $500 $450 $400 $350 $300 $350 $300 $250 Citrus Pulp Hominy feed Wheat middlings Soyhulls, loose $250 $200 $200 $150 $150 $ Jul 13-Sep 1-Nov 20-Dec 7-Feb 28-Mar 16-May 4-Jul 22-Aug Corn gluten feed pellets Cottonseed meal Distillers Grains Whole cottonseed Soyben Meal 31 $ Jul 13-Sep 1-Nov 20-Dec 7-Feb 28-Mar 16-May 4-Jul 22-Aug 32 Byproduct Handling/Storage Byproduct Minerals Supplement Ca to for proper Ca:P Avoid urinary calculi Monitor sulfur levels Avoid polioencephalmalacia Cu deficiency N and P excre@on Environmental impact Stage of Produc8on/ Requirement How much do I feed? Poor Forage, Average Forage, 10% CP, 50% TDN Excellent Forage, 13% CP, 56% TDN lb supplement Dry Pregnant? Peak Lacta@on 12% CP, 60% TDN Late Lacta@on 9% CP, 55% TDN - 50:50 mix of corn gluten feed and soyhulls

7 How do I balance my ra8on? Balancer Programs: Taurus (UC Davis) $400 animalscience.ucdavis.edu/extension/sosware/taurus/ BRANDS (Iowa State Univ.) $ hop:// Evaluator Programs: Caole Grower Ra@on Balancer (Univ. of Arkansas) OSUNRC2002 (Oklahoma State Univ.) hop:// How do I balance my ra8on? Those are too difficult! I want something for free that will balance basic ra@ons Now Available: UGA Basic Balancer Program Provides: Pre-populated feed library Feed cost analyzer BASIC ration balancer Ration Analyzer CONSULT WITH YOUR COUNTY EXTENSION AGENT BEFORE FEEDING!!!!! Stage of Produc8on/ Requirement How much do I feed? Poor Forage, Average Forage, 10% CP, 50% TDN Excellent Forage, 13% CP, 56% TDN lb supplement Take Home Message Dry Pregnant Peak Lacta@on % CP, 60% TDN Late Lacta@on % CP, 55% TDN - 50:50 mix of corn gluten feed and soyhulls Understand changing nutrient needs throughout produc@on cycle. Know your forages. Use economic strategies when supplementa@on is needed. Thank You! For up to date information on: Beef cattle outlooks Marketing Production information Ques8ons?