ESCAP Asia and the Pacific Regional Expert Workshop on Ocean Accounts Welcome to Presentation

Transcription

1 ESCAP Asia and the Pacific Regional Expert Workshop on Ocean Accounts Welcome to Presentation on Climate Change and Ocean Accounts in Bangladesh: National Approach towards SDGs Monitoring Deputy Director Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) Ministry of Planning Government of the People s Republic of Bangladesh Venue: UNCC, UN Building, Bangkok, Thailand Date: August

2 Contents Background: Country context Vulnerability Assessment and Climate Change & Disaster Statistics Interventions of Climate Change and Disaster Management Issues Ocean Accounts (Blue Economy) Availability of data for monitoring SDGs indicators SDGs Implementation Process and Monitoring Responsibility for Producing Official Statistics Challenges and Way Forward 2

3 Background: Country Context Recognized globally as one of the most vulnerable countries to Climate Change and Natural Disaster: Geographical location and Area: 147 Thousand sq. km Multiplicity of rivers: Over 405 rivers, (Including 57 trans-boundary river) Deltaic landscape: 80% floodplain Population: Million (2017) Population density: 1103/km2 (2017) Population in Urban Area: % (2011 P. Census) Slum Population in Urban Area: 2.23 Million (2014) Average Life Expectancy: 72.0 Year (2017) Per Capita Income: 1,752 in US$ ( p) GDP Growth Rate: % ( p) Annual Inflation Rate: 5.78 % ( ) Poverty rate: (Upper 23.2 % and extreme 12.9 % April-June 2016) Resilient Country: Regular and Devastating disastrous events 3

4 Background (Risk Profile) First rank climate change vulnerable nations. Sixth rank in the world 2016 Number of people exposed yearly DROUGHT - Affecting 8.3 million Ha of land. FLASH FLOOD Unpredictable, recurring, uncertain. FLOOD - Inundates more areas, increases river erosion, breaches embankments, damage infrastructures. 45 Million 20 Million SALINITY INTRUSION - Spreading from 1.5 to 2.5 Mha (2007). CYCLONE - Remain to be the deadliest and most destructive hazard. It is recurring, with lingering aftermath, complex recovery. 35 Million and Climate Change hazards, earthquakes, fire breakout, infrastructure collapse etc. Source: MoDMR Annually about 14% GNP exposure to disasters, the highest in the world

5 Background (Risk Mapping) Inventory of the vulnerable areas for 1. droughts (pink), 2. floods (light blue), 3. surges (yellow ochre) and 4. hot spots related to large rivers (in red), 5. coast (blue), urban centres (yellow), 6. haor/wetlands (green) and 7. hill tracts/soil erosion (yellow (ochre). source: CEGIS 5

6 Background (Word Risk Report-2016) The Long-Term Climate Risk Index (CRI): the 10 countries most affected from 1995 to 2014 (annual averages) CRI ( ) Country CRI score Death toll Deaths per inhabitants Total losses in million US$ PPP Losses per unit GDP in % Number of events (total ) 1 (1) Honduras (2) Myanmar (3) Haiti (5) Philippines (4) Nicaragua (6) Bangladesh (7) Vietnam (10) Pakistan (11) Thailand (9) Guatemala

7 Background (Word Risk Report-2016) 7

8 Major Climate induced Disasters in Bangladesh u Flood u Tropical Cyclone u Storm Surge u Tornado u River Bank Erosion u Drought u Earthquake u Arsenic u Fire u Landslide u Lightening Year Disasters Death 1970 Cyclone 1,000, Flood 2, Cyclone 5, Cyclone 138, Tornado Cyclone Flood Flood Flood 1, Landslide Cyclone(SIDR) 3, Cyclone ( alia) Landslide Cyclone (Mahasen) Komen ROANU 27 (Source: DDM 2016)

9 Climate Change and Disaster-related Statistics Population Household Not Affected by Disaster Disaster Affected Not Affected by Disaster Disaster Affected About 13 % Household and % Population live in disaster prone area of Bangladesh. 9

10 Damage and Loss Statistics at household levels Out of million taka From (FY ) average GDP (per year) volume is 11,378,286 Million BDT. In (CY) period average per year 30,708 Million BDT. If No damage and loss in that period at hh. levels. GDP volume10could be increased about average 0.30 % per year (Source: ICCHL 2015, BBS)

11 Damage of Land Area Statistics at Household Levels Out of 1.6 millions acre of land 11.97%, 3.06%, 80.22%, 3.97% and 0.78% land was damaged for the homestead, garden or nursery, crops, pond or wetland and others land respectively. The Figure indicates that the majority (68.26%) of land damage is due to river or coastal erosion followed by (13.99%) are in flood, (10.44%) are in salinity and the rest (7.32%) 11 comprise five categories of disaster areas (Source: ICCHL 2015, BBS)

12 Vulnerability Assessment Based on Quintile Income Group Lowest Income Group Highest Income Group Household Group Average Annual Income (Tk) Average Annual Damage and Loss (Tk) Crops Livestock Poultry Fishery Land Houses Homestead forestry Q Q Q Q Q Total Total Proportion of damage and loss to total income As high as about 16% of income goes for damage and loss in bottom quintile. While it is only 3% for the top quintile. Bottom quintile is more vulnerable (5 times) than top quintile in exposure to damage and loss. Proportion of damage and loss 12 decrease as income goes up (Source: ICCHL 2015, BBS).

13 Bangladesh is one of the most resilient countries of the world. Our sustainable future depends on sustainable livelihood, food security, health care services and green environment. The relentless efforts of Sheikh Hasina s Government has made Bangladesh, a resilient country to natural disasters. We have been able to reduce the loss of life and livelihood from disasters over the years. It is lauded by the World community.

14 Climate Change and Disaster-related concepts and Acts & rules have been made in national documents: Disaster Management Act 2012 Standing Orders on Disaster (SOD) 2010 Durjog Kosh (Disaster Dictionary) 2009 National Plan for Disaster Management National Strategy on the Management of Disaster and Climate Induced Internal Displacement (Nsmdciid)

15 Wildlife Preservation Act 1973 Terrestrial Water and Marine Zone Act 1974 Environmental Conservation Act 1995 Environmental Pollution Control Ordinance 1997 National Environment Management Action Plan (NEMAP 1992) National Environment Policy 1992 National Land Use Policy 2002 Integrated Coastal Zone Management Plan 2005 National Adaptation Plan of Action (NAPA) 2005 (Updated 2009) Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (BCCSAP) 2009 Wildlife (Conservation and Security) Act 2012 Forest (Amendment) Act 2012 Haor Master Plan

16 Ocean Accounts (Blue Economy)

17 Blue Economy Bangladesh Context The objective of Blue Economy is to exploiting untapped potential of the marine environment using useful solutions and innovations for increasing food security, alleviating poverty, improving nutrition and health, creating jobs, lifting trade and industrial profiles while protecting ecosystem health and biodiversity, and also improving regional security and peace. Living in the Coastal Zone: 45 million people Maritime Boundary: 118,813 sq. Km Length of Coast Line: 710 km long Economic Zone: 200 nautical miles (NM) of exclusive, and 354 NM continental shelves from the Chittagong coast Multiplicity of rivers: Over 405 rivers (Including 57 TB river) 17

18 Major Opportunities of Blue Economy Backbone of National Economy of Bangladesh Resolve the issues of climate changes Generate jobs for millions and bring about tangible changes in the lives and livelihood 45 Millions of people living along the coastline Lifting trade and industrial profiles Marine based economic resources Biodiversity protection and conservation Vision of scientific understanding Living, non-living and potential other resources 18

19 Major Economic Sectors of Blue Economy 19

20 Blue economy is to promote smart, sustainable and inclusive growth and employment opportunities in Bangladesh's maritime economic activities in the short, medium and long-term time frames. The Blue economy initiative specifically aims to promote synergies and foster framework conditions that support specific maritime economic activities and their value chains Established Blue Economy Cell (BEC) under the Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral Resources Establishing an Oceanographic Research Institute in the Maritime University National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) as part of developing a strategy to better govern marine resources SDGs Implementation Strategy and Climate Change Resilience Action Plan Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) Framework of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): Number of Initiatives for Blue Economy

21 The Major threats to coastal and marine living ecosystem in Bangladesh Protecting the area from international smugglers and fish pirates. Preserving mangrove and sea grass. Addressing climate change and managing carbon emission. Maintaining sea level rise and change in ecosystem and temperatures, from coral bleaching 21

22 Challenges for Blue Economy Lack of coordination and integration; Lack of knowledge or scientific understanding; Inadequate human resources; Lack of investment: for example, in the mining and petroleum industry; Improper allocation of roles and designation of focal points; Weak intersectoral interaction, particularly on marine policy issues; Inadequate public participation and stakeholder inclusion; Lack of integration and coordination among laws, agencies, and field level operations

23 Recommendations for Blue Economy To integrate of Ecosystem and long term livelihood concerned into the national development agenda for implementing the SDGs To play in the role in conservation and utilization of Marine Resources such as Mangrove Forest To invest in improving Ocean Governance for promoting Blue Economy To aware and facilitate a better understanding of resource based Blue Economy To conduct a rigorous natural resource mapping and exercise with GIS integration in the Bay of Bengal (Bangladesh Part) To carry out and coordinate a systematic scientific review and economic analysis in regular basis 23

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25 Availability of data to monitor SDGs indicators in Bangladesh Readily Available Partially Available Not Available

26 Goal wise Data Availability in Bangladesh

27 Goal wise Data Availability in Bangladesh

28 SDGs Implementation and Monitoring Committee A comprised of 16-members SDGs Implementation and Monitoring Committee has been formed and appointed a Principal Coordinator, SDGs Affairs to the Prime Minister Office (PMO). The Principal Coordinator for SDGs Affairs, a new high level post, has been created in the Prime Minister s Office (PMO) to spearhead the process and forge coordination. The first task of the SDGs Implementation and Monitoring Committee was to review the SDGs Mapping. Involving NGOs, civil society and Development Partners in delineating government responsibilities by the Ministries/Divisions/ Departments to each of the targets of the Sustainable Development Goals. 28

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30 Experience in Bangladesh Initiated Settings Priorities for Data Support to 7 th FYP and SDGs: An Overview by BBS and Established SDGs Cell at BBS for mining and producing official Statistics; Published SDGs Mapping of Ministries/ Divisions by Targets of SDGs and the 7thFYP by General Economics Division (GED), Planning Commission of Bangladesh; Published Data Gap Analysis of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): Perspective by GED, Planning Commission; Bangladesh Published Bangladesh Disaster-related Statistics 2015: Climate Change and Natural Disaster Perspectives to build a baseline by BBS; Bangladesh Participated the result of UNESCAP DRSF with Fiji, Indonesia and the Philippines as a Pilot Testing Country; Published "Bangladesh Environmental Statistics Framework (BESF) to align all of the required monitoring and reporting; Completed the Pilot Poverty-Environment Accounts (PEA) 2017 align with SEEA; SDG Tracker has been established with the help of Access to Information (a2i) Project of PMO to analyze the data for tracking and evaluating SDG attainment;

31 Statistical Requirements Goal 14: Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources DoF, DoE, MoS, BN will require capacity building to deal survey in the marine areas DoE will have to enhance its capacity to do survey in regards of relevant SDGs indicators and targets After completion of 2018 (Fisheries Census) BBS may provide proxy data on Proportion of fish stocks Joint approach with a lead from MoEF will be required to measure the indicator Coverage of protected areas in relation to marine areas Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (CCRF) survey will be required by DoF to provide data in near future DoF will have to cope with the measurement of Sustainable Fisheries for BBS FD has to compile the budget data as suggested by MoST, MoS, MoFL and MoE who are having marine researches Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines) will be required to be followed by DoF for dealing fisheries related survey MoFA and MoLE will have to ensure implementation of branches of ILO Maritime Labour Convention of 2006 as ratified in 2014 by Bangladesh

32 Responsibility for Producing Official Statistics According to Statistical Act 2013 and NSDS as the NSO, BBS will take the core responsibility for producing official national statistics; To generate 89 data related to SDGs targets and process of coordination with other data producers organization to generate the relevant data timely; The commitment to leave no one behind has been a key feature of the SDGs; To produce data at disaggregated levels and have to be given to generate highquality, timely and reliable data e.g. gender, age, income and geographic location; Availability, authenticity and reliability of Administrative data will be vetted by BBS according to Statistics Act 2013; As per Statistical Act 2013, if any Non-Government entity wants to generate data in areas related to SDGs, BBS will encourage them.

33 Challenges in the development while maintaining statistical Challenges for Producing Ocean Statistics Ocean Accounts/Statistics fields have various problems with accessibility, quality and timeliness of data; Difficult to fix a reference year and baseline of Ocean Accounts/Statistics; Complex coordination, participation and accountability among BBS and other Sectoral Agencies/ Organizations; Integration in national planning process and development of institutional mechanism for implementation; Requirement for financial resources and manpower with technical assistance for developing new surveys and capacities;

34 Way Forward Ensuring the complementary collaboration among UNSD, UNSC, UNEP, UNPEI, ESCAP, WB, ADB, UNDP, all Expert Groups and National Statistical Offices (NSOs); Technical and financial support should be provided by UNDP, UNEP, UNPEI, UNESCAP, World Bank and other Development Partners for institutionalization of Ocean Accounts/Statistics system at BBS; Considering the importance to Ocean-related Accounts/Statistics and information; Ocean Accounts/Statistics should be prepared and updated in every 3/5 reference year; Sharing and reporting Ocean Accounts/Statistics by bi-lateral and multilateral technical with render cooperation, and contribute to the ongoing development of environmental Statistics in Bangladesh; 34

35 Thank You for Patient Hearing Md. Rafiqul Islam Deputy Director Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) Statistics and Informatics Division (SID) Ministry of Planning Government of the People s Republic of Bangladesh rafiqbbs25@gmail.com rafiqbbs43@hotmail.com Cell Phone: Website: