Centers for International Projects Trust

Transcription

1 Centers for International Projects Trust Providing solutions for sustainability 1

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3 The (CIPT) is the India Offi ce of the Columbia Water Center. Established in 2008 as a not-for-profi t trust, the purpose of CIPT s work is to understand and perform applied research in the fi elds of water, energy, agriculture, climate, environment, health, education and economic upliftment. In collaboration with government agencies, civil society and private sector partners, CIPT is developing and pilot testing new models for effective water and energy management across different regions of India. We work towards providing rigorous, research-based knowledge as the foundation for various fi eld based initiatives involving the local communities, government, non-government and private partners. 1

4 Thematic areas Research Studying water-energy- food-nexus through on field engagement with farmers to test and scale up adoption of appropriate water saving technologies and practices Strengthening climate change adaptation through modelling studies at global and national level Understanding user behaviour research through studies and stakeholder engagement Estimating industrial water risks at district level and identifying management plans Development and Implementation and private sector Advocacy Developing and promoting the use of low cost technologies and practices amongst farmers for adoption and creating impacts for sustainability of natural resources Developing Decision Support Systems for providing reliable and faster information to farmers on cultivation of major crops. Information relates to crop advisory, weather and input use Working with cooperatives and producer organisations to ensure better access to small and marginal farmers and enable faster adoption of the interventions on water sustainability Training and capacity building of farmers on modern agricultural practices for better returns through farming Promoting crop diversifi cation and exploring business viable value chains in collaboration with academia India Water Action Network to engage leaders in industry, government and non-government organizations to develop and communicate assessment of the key water issues and identify opportunities Working with partners and networks on research, development and promotion of technologies and practices across states Member of government committees providing inputs and building knowledge on water sustainability issues Media engagement and outreach 2

5 Map is indicative only and not to scale Areas of Intervention 3

6 Punjab Punjab is known as the food bowl of India. With just 1.5 per cent of the geographical area of India, the state produces 18 per cent wheat; 10 per cent rice and 7 per cent cotton. Intensive agriculture has led to severe groundwater depletion. More than 80 per cent of the blocks have over-exploited their groundwater resource. Groundwater table is falling at the rate of 70 cm per year. The state s power subsidy bill is increasing at an alarming rate. Intervention areas Amritsar Barnala Jalandhar Kapurthala Ludhiana Moga Patiala Sangrur Tarn Taran Partners Punjab Agricultural University (PAU) Field Fresh Foods Pvt. Ltd. Intervention and outcomes Promoted the use of tensiometer for irrigation scheduling in paddy with 13,000 farmers since 2009 Around 3 billion litres of water and 200,000 units of power saved Developing soil moisture sensor for irrigation scheduling Developed an interactive decision support system for farmers to ensure rational usage of inputs Developed mobile application for application of nitrogenous fertilizers Use of mobile messaging system for information dissemination Map is indicative only and not to scale 4

7 Gujarat Gujarat located on the west coast of India has 54 per cent of its total area under agricultural production. The strengths of Gujarat s agricultural success have been attributed to diversifi ed crops and cropping patterns. Over-extraction of groundwater has led to its depletion especially in areas of North Gujarat. Water table has fallen by more than 80 cm in the last 30 years. The per hectare energy use is more than three times the national average. Intervention areas Mehsana Kheda Anand Partners Uttar Gujarat Vij Company Limited (UGVCL) Krishi Vigyan Kendras (Kheda and Devataj) Intervention and outcomes Pilot testing of an innovative scheme to move farmers to metered power connection and reduction in energy use through incentives Promotion of GW-11 variety of wheat having potential to save water 500 farmers installing tensiometers during Map is indicative only and not to scale 5

8 Jharkhand Jharkhand is a mineral rich state with geographical area of 7.9 million ha. The net sown area of the state is only 2.58 million ha. Though the average annual rainfall in Jharkhand is above 1,300 mm, almost 80 per cent of the rainfall is lost as runoff. Poor distribution of rainfall causes frequent agricultural droughts. Almost 54 per cent of the rural households lack access to safe drinking water and the state falls in low category of improved water supply and toilet coverage. Intervention areas Ranchi Partners Birsa Agricultural University (BAU) Drinking Water and Sanitation Department (DWSD) Society for Promotion of Wastelands Development (SPWD) State Agricultural Management and Extension Training Institute (SAMETI) Intervention and outcomes Promotion of System of Rice Intensifi cation to 700 farmers in Ranchi district Capacity building of farmers Testing the feasibility of low-cost sustainable technologies for drinking water sustainability in Jharkhand Map is indicative only and not to scale 6

9 Major Interventions 7

10 Managing the waterenergy-food-climate nexus CIPT addresses the water-agriculture-livelihood connect through on-fi eld engagement with farmers, to test and scale up adoption of appropriate water saving technologies and practices while maintaining yield and income; providing them with access to reliable markets and technologies through corporate engagement in farming; and enabling onfarm best practices to manage chronic risk induced by groundwater depletion and climate risk, through the use of ICT system that helps customize guidance to farmers. 8

11 Policy reforms in water and energy savings CIPT collaborated with Government of Gujarat and the Uttar Gujarat Vij Company Limited (UGVCL) to introduce a metering scheme for farmers using groundwater for irrigation. Recognising the political diffi culty of charging farmers full cost of electricity, the mechanism indirectly introduces a marginal cost by transferring to the farmer fi nancial savings that result from voluntary reductions in usage. Experiences from the pilot have indicated: High degree of farmer willingness Strong compliance and no evidences of tampering Reduction in power usage 9

12 Improving water use efficiency in paddy through tensiometer and sensor CIPT promoted the use of the low cost tensiometer developed by Punjab Agricultural University to improve water use effi ciency in agriculture. A tensiometer is a simple device designed to measure soil moisture or water potential. More than 13,000 tensiometers installed across 375 villages in Punjab and Gujarat per cent water savings with corresponding savings in energy No adverse impact on yield 10

13 Need for greater accuracy in measurement and enhancing the durability of the device led to the development of the low cost soil moisture sensor. In association with the North East Centre for Technology Application and Reach (NECTAR), CIPT facilitated the development of a low cost soil moisture sensor. Field pilots underway at Punjab Agricultural University Pilot testing planned in Punjab and Gujarat Will provide accurate data in short span of time Potential for use across different crops over a large area 11

14 Supply chain risks and multi-scale predictions Regional variability in water supply and climate pose a risk to large multinational corporations, especially those who rely on agricultural commodities. Columbia Water Centre (CWC) in collaboration with CIPT and PepsiCo. developed a prototype corporate water risk and sustainability framework for quantifying and analysing climate induced water risks. The climate risk toll is based on a) developing specifi c indicators for assessment of climate induced risks as aggregated seasonal water defi cits; b) investigating the sources of predictability of these indicators; c) developing statistically verifi able models for issuing probabilistic forecasts for potential water defi cits. 12

15 Decision Support System (DSS) Reaching out to large number of farmers quickly and effectively is a big challenge. Information and communication technology (ICT) can play a big role in this. CIPT in collaboration with Punjab Agricultural University is developing a web-based Decision Support System (DSS) to provide important information on cultivation of major crops in Punjab. The information relates to crop advisory, weather and input use. The DSS will be converted into a mobile application for those who have an android phone but no internet connection. Innovative use of traditional media will fi ll the remaining gaps in outreach. 13

16 Android application for fertilizer application Fertilizer application should be based on the crop nutrient status. While reduced application may impact growth and development, excessive application may lead to sub-optimal production. Usually, the farmers apply fertilizers on the basis of growth parameters without considering the nutrient status of the soil as well as plants. CIPT has developed an android application to ascertain the need for fertilizer application based on the principle of the leaf colour chart. The mobile application will analyse the nitrogen content based on the screen shot of the leaf captured through the camera and indicate the need for applying fertilizer. 14

17 Direct Seeding of Rice (DSR) Method of growing rice under aerobic conditions where seeds are sown directly in the fi eld with the help of seed drill and water is not kept standing in the fi eld. CIPT in association with Punjab Agricultural University piloted DSR with 250 farmers in Punjab. The results from the pilot indicate: Less labour involvement in fi eld preparation and sowing Lesser irrigation leading to water savings Higher per acre water productivity 15

18 Quantifying water risks for industries In partnership with Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI), CWC and CIPT conducted a fi rst of its kind national level geo-spatial study on water risks, perceptions and mitigation plans across 27 industrial sectors. The study found that different industrial sectors have different risk profi les and exposure in specifi c geographical context. At least one in fi ve multi-nationals in the most water intensive industrial sectors is already experiencing damage to their business from drought, water shortages, fl ooding and rising cost of water. 16

19 India Water Action Network Columbia Water Centre (CWC) and (CIPT) launched an India Water Action Network to engage leaders in industry, government and non-government organizations to develop and communicate a clear scientifi c assessment of the key water issues and opportunities from a broad set of user and developer perspectives. The forum seeks to identify selected water issues in agricultural, industrial, domestic and ecological sectors, and develop technical, information based analyses of the concerns, the options available to users or developers, and the methodology for the implementation of potential solutions. 17

20 Market Outlook Integration of Stakeholders Components of Value Chains Processing and Food Safety Research and Extension Exploring business viable value chains It is a challenge to establish business viable value chains in agriculture serving the interests of all the stakeholders, especially the farmers. The value chains must integrate aspects of exports, domestic markets, processing, food safety, research and development. CIPT is collaborating with different partners - academia and the private sector to explore the framework of such value chains. Creating sustainable business links is a major challenge facing long-term value chain development processes. CIPT s efforts are channelized to understand the gaps through engaging with various stakeholders. 18

21 Working through farmers cooperatives CIPT has endeavoured to reach large number of farmers in Punjab through Farmers Cooperatives. The engagement of cooperatives has ensured better access to small and marginal farmers, faster adoption and better impact of the interventions on water sustainability. Cooperatives in Punjab are diversifying their activities and have successfully shown the viability of Agro Machinery Service Centers (AMSCs). CIPT is collaborating with Punjab Agricultural University and Department of Cooperation in Punjab to transform these cooperatives into information hubs for the farming sector. It also intends to include the Farmers Clubs being promoted by NABARD within its ambit. The model will be replicated in Gujarat and Jharkhand. 19

22 Innovative insurance products for promoting water saving technologies Insurance in agriculture has largely been confi ned to address the production risk emerging from abrupt changes in weather, insect-pest attacks and diseases. Technologies such as tensiometers and laser land levelling have huge potential to save groundwater resources. Despite scientifi c evidences of no adverse impact on the productivity, farmers hesitate to adopt due to lack of knowledge and inherent risk involved in their use. Innovative insurance products can play an important role in faster adoption and increased use of technologies. CIPT is collaborating with Agriculture Insurance Company (AIC) of India to pilot an innovative insurance product with 500 paddy farmers in Punjab for the use of tensiometers. The farmers will be insured against any yield loss for using the tensiometers and the impact on the adoption and extent of water saving will be measured. 20

23 System of Rice Intensification (SRI) The System of Rice Intensifi cation is a comprehensive methodology to enhance the productivity of irrigated rice through effective alteration of plant, soil, water and nutrient management practices. There is a potential of signifi cant increase in productivity, reduction in the amount of seeds required and water savings to the tune of 50 per cent using the SRI method. CIPT in association with Society for Promotion of Wastelands Development is working across 20 villages in Angara block of Ranchi district to train farmers on SRI. Around 700 farmers will grow paddy using the SRI method. Trainings on crop management are included as part of the programme to impart knowledge and enhance the productivity. 21

24 Message Sent Message Received Voice Message Information though bulk messaging service Faster messaging service (both text and voice) can help provide crucial inputs to the farmers at the right time. These include weather based information, crop specifi c inputs, information on advisory issued by the government departments, agricultural universities. CIPT is collaborating with Punjab Agricultural University to reach out to 10,000 farmers through text and voice messages during A total of 500,000 text messages and 2,000 voice messages will be sent to the farmers. Timely and reliable information will come handy in improving agricultural practices amongst the farmers. 22

25 Milestone projects Improving Rural Water and Livelihood Outcomes through targeted solutions Improving food and livelihood security in Punjab through water-energy-agriculture management under climate change and variability Water Agriculture Livelihood Security in India Multi-purpose R & D pilot projects for assessing the feasibility of cost effective and sustainable technologies for drinking water storage and distribution in rural areas of Jharkhand 23

26 Our Donors Our Partners lr;eso t;rs Government of Gujarat lr;eso t;rs Department of Science and Technology Ministry of Science and Technology Government of India 24

27 Publications CIPT Sandesh Discussion Papers White Papers 27

28 Looking ahead Agriculture Promote water use effi ciency through low cost technologies and practices Promote innovative approaches for optimal decision making at the farm level Domestic Research in areas of improved access and water quality Create awareness amongst communities Design innovative solutions and capacity building Industrial Identify industrial water risks across locations Develop water storage and risk management plans K-37, Green Park Main New Delhi Tel: ; Map is indicative only and not to scale