Mediterranean dialogue on framing sustainability in water policy evaluation. SWAP case studies. Ana Iglesias. Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Spain

Transcription

1 Mediterranean dialogue on framing sustainability in water policy evaluation SWAP case studies Ana Iglesias Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Spain 1

2 1. Attributes of sustainability What do we want to measure? 2. Evaluation methods How? 3. Evaluation of the sustainability of water policy SWAP: (1) Raise awareness; (b) method benefit other regions 2

3 SWAP case studies Spain Duero river basin Morocco Tadla plain Lebanon Qasmieh Ras El Ain 3

4 Litani Tadla Duero Demography 22 villages 0.5 mill people 2 mill people Policies Social pressure Environmental pressure Global Water Master Plan Tourism, urbanisation Increase population 4000 ha irrig Salinity Groundwater depletion Low tariff Water Resources Management Project Subsistence farmers Foreign investors in commercial farming 92 k ha irrig (8% of national), drip Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) Decrease rural population Pressure on ecosystems 500 k ha irrig Increasing Low tariff Industry Tourism Olive oil Hydroelectric 4

5 Lebanon, Qasmieh Ras El Ain project (Litani) 5

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8 Policy actions to be evaluated: First rehabilitation (1996) Second rehabilitation (July war 2006) Maintenance following the rehabilitations Preferential tariff for sprinkler irrigation 8

9 Morocco, Tadla region The process is important [Participatory] evaluation is not a purely analytical exercise, it reflects the value that people give to sustainability

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11 Belouidane dam, Tadla region, Morocco

12 Policy actions to be evaluated Water technology (installation of measurement equipment in the 2nd and 3rd canals, use of the new materials to reduce water losses) Agricultural technology (soil fertility, tillage, demonstration, capacity building) Capacity building (demonstration, training, creation of a scientific Unit at ORMVAT specialized in drip irrigation) 12

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14 Duero river 14

15 Cuencas hidrológicas Total Freshwater Resources (km3) Available resources (km3)(a) Reservoir capacity (km3) Regulated water (%)(b) Norte (1) Duero (2) Tajo (3) Guadiana (4) Guadalquivir (5) Sur (6) Segura (7) Júcar (8) Ebro (9) Catalonia (10) Baleares (11) Canary Is. (12) SPAIN

16 Cuencas hidrológicas Demand (% of available resources) Irrigation demand (% of total demand) Population (millions) Total resources per capita (m3/hab) Norte (1) ,542 Duero (2) ,071 Tajo (3) ,784 Guadiana (4) ,298 Guadalquivir (5) ,755 Sur (6) ,135 Segura (7) Júcar (8) Ebro (9) ,509 Catalonia (10) Baleares (11) Canary Is. (12) SPAIN ,728 16

17 Two fora 1. First forum (workshop, representation all sectors) Identification of problems, objectives, policies, prelim indicators 2. Second forum (survey, interviews to key stakeholders) Identification of problems, objectives, indicators Two polices : CAP Rural Dev Policy: (National irrigation plans) : CAP Rural Dev Policy reformulation: (Axe 1: Increasing of agricultural and forest competitivity; Measure National framework of rural development (Hydrological resources management)) 17

18 Challenges to participatory evaluation The participants with strongest interest and better informed dominate the process May open up disputes that are outside the scope of the issues It does not automatically lead to consensus Officials in local authorities may feel threatened It may be hard to interest people when there may not be an immediate threat or problem. To ensure participation, it s important that stakeholders perceive that they may profit from participation (to fulfil some of their own interests) 18

19 Conclusions: strengths of SWAP Environmental protection and development drivers Three pillars (environmental, social, economic) Top-down governance Bottom-up (participatory) Concept driven (normative) process Process driven (transition perspective) 19

20 Conclusions: going beyond case studies dissemination starting conditions analysis 1 st local fora 3 rd local fora 2 nd local fora Key issue: Importance of going beyond statistics (it is important to project the future) 20

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