The view of the offshore aquaculture sector

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1 The Ocean of Tomorrow projects: What results so far? Blue Growth- offshore challenges and opportunities 27 November 2014 Brussels The view of the offshore aquaculture sector Dr. Arne Fredheim Research Director Aquaculture Technology SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture 1

2 Global production 2011 (million tonnes) Global production 2011 (million tonnes) Fish Seaweed and similar Global top producers 2012 Marine aquaculture fish 100 Introduction - Offshore Aquaculture why? Need for seafood Global production of fish has to be increased by 60 mill. tons in 2030 (FAO) The increase will come through marine aquaculture and technological development will play a major role in future expansion of the industry (FAO) Offshore aquaculture is both an opportunity and a strong technological challenge Norway China Chile Wild capture fisheries Aquaculture Ocean Brackish water Inland /fresh water 5 0 Japan UK Others Production (mill tonnes)

3 Introduction - Offshore Aquaculture why? Access to land and water Little land available Unavailability of freshwater Future will likely be marine aquaculture Challenges also for marine aquaculture Other industries Recreational use Public opposition Adequate waters - sites Bottom topography water depth temperature, oxygen, salinity The offshore challenge not solved operational aspects cost of equipment

4 Offshore Aquaculture Can new technology make new areas available? Tension Leg Cage, SINTEF, Norway SUBflex Inc., Israel Submergible PolarCirkel, AKVA group, Norway Sea Station, Ocean Spar LLC, USA Sadco Shelf, Russia Aquapod, Ocean Farm technologies, USA

5 Offshore Aquaculture - challenges Complex operations including live animals Operations Feeding HSE Fish biology Equipment Logistics

6 Offshore Aquaculture - opportunities Industrialized fish farming Increasingly larger farms Circumference m fish in one single cage (1000 tons) cages at one site tons at one location Feed barges Up 1000 ton storage At peak loaded every 2-3 days Control rooms and monitoring Living quarters 350 million salmon standing in Norwegian cages Illustr: Aqualine 1000 tons of fish in one single net cage equivalent to 2200 cows! Illustr: AKVA group

7 Offshore aquaculture - opportunity Evolution rather than revolution Search for more space and stable water conditions Temperate, oxygen, salinity Fewer and larges farms Expanding existing systems towards the open ocean Existing traditional farming equipment for Hs above 3 m Definition - class 1 to 4 Present status Class 3 - Exposed Durations of weather time to operate Reliability and operability Farming the deep blue conference (2004)

8 Offshore aquaculture The worlds largest fish farm? 8

9 Offshore aquaculture opportunities and challenges Some realistic possibilities for co-use of space 1. Aquaculture operations with no or limited interactions like farming of seaweed and mussels (self feeding aquaculture) 2. Aquaculture operations which require supply of feed, like finfish and crustaceans (fed aquaculture) 3. Artificial reefs provide breeding grounds and juvenile habitats Main challenges for fin fish aquaculture Water depth and feed logistics Common use of infrastructure Infrastructure for feed storage Remote operations Operation and management Common use of personnel and vessels Mooring and attachment probably not 9

10 Next generation cage? Diameter of 110 meter 67 meter high Teste for Hs of 5 meter 8 times volume of standard cage Illustration: Ocean Farming/Salmar Illustration: Ocean Farming/Salmar Illustration: Ocean Farming/Salmar

11 Summary Global need of food and energy Reduce green house gas emission Healthy seafood low greenhouse gas emission compered to land meat Growth of marine aquaculture Opportunities offshore Common challenges offshore wind and aquaculture Access to land and space Operations at exposed and distance locations Logistic of people and equipment

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