COVER PAGE PROJECT TITLE: Barley and Oat Breeding and Research STATUS OF PROPOSAL: New PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS: Lynn W. Gallagher, Assoc. Proj.

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1 COVER PAGE PROJECT TITLE: Barley and Oat Breeding and Research STATUS OF PROPOSAL: New PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS: Lynn W. Gallagher, Assoc. Proj. Sci, Plant Sciences Department, UC Davis Calvin O. Qualset, Prof. Emeritus/Research Prof., Plant Sci. Dept., UC Davis OTHER INVESTIGATORS: Pat Hayes, Professor and Barley Breeder, Oregon State Univ. Dan Koenig, Assistant Professor, Botany and Plant Sciences Dept., UCR Matt Rouse, USDA Research Plant Pathologist, St. Paul, MN Gongshe Hu, USDA Research Geneticist, Aberdeen, ID Linda Matthews, Lab Assistant, Plant Sciences, UC Davis Herb Vogt, SRA (recalled, Plant Sciences, UC Davis) Pat McGuire, Academic Coordinator (recalled), Plant Sciences, UC Davis Sripada Udupa, Senior Biotechnologist, ICARDA, Rabat, Morocco Dolores Mornhinweg, USDA Research Geneticist, Stillwater, OK. BUDGET TOTAL (requested): 7/1/2017-6/30/2018: $15,000 SUMMARY New Varieties: 1. Forage evaluation, and Breeders/Foundation Seed development of Schaller hooded barley 2. One oat advanced line will be prepared for release and commercialization from the cross IL BYDV resistant germplasm//montezuma/uc Upon approvals for variety release and CCIA certification, seeds of these two varieties will be provided to the UC Foundation Seed Program. Barley germplasm development. 1. New genes for resistance to scald and stripe rust are being added to UC Davis germplasm. 2. Another new gene for barley stem rust is being added to the resistance of the rpg4/rpg5 complex in collaboration with Pat Hayes, barley breeder, Oregon St. Univ. 3. The yd3 gene for resistance to BYD is being added to the yd2 gene in all four market classes (malt, feed, food, forage) in UCD germplasm. 4. Resistance to Russian wheat aphid is being developed in UCD backcrosses created by Dolores Mornhinweg, USDA Research Geneticist, at Stillwater, OK. 5. A full pipeline of barley breeding materials from the F1 generation through small increases will be grown on five acres at UC Davis. 6. Seed of the Atlas barley isolines, developed by C.W. Schaller and F.N. Briggs, will be increased and registered with the Crop Science Society of America and entered in the USDA National Small Grains Collection in Aberdeen, ID. 7. Barley Composite Crosses, developed by USDA Suneson, Wiebe, and Harlan at Davis represent the oldest (more than 60 generations) on-going experiment in barley research. 1

2 Objectives: Only the Illinois corn selection program, more than 100 years old, is older. The long term historical study of the Composite Crosses developed at UC Davis will be advanced and studied with leadership from UC Riverside. CALIFORNIA CROP IMPROVEMENT ASSOCIATION COMPREHENSIVE RESEARCH PROJECT PROPOSAL July 1, 2017 to June 30, 2018 PROJECT TITLE: Cereal Varietal Development and Germplasm Preservation. 1. Schaller hooded barley was developed by Gallagher from the cross of an improved version of UCD Hooded Atlas with an Oregon State Univ. advanced line of hooded barley (Sara/Tango) identified and selected at UCD from among several lines. Evaluation of test agreement results and Breeders Seed development will be completed. 2. Upon the termination of the oat breeding effort by C. O. Qualset, Lynn Gallagher, the barley breeder, began a new breeding effort. His best accomplishment was more than 90 segregating populations from crosses designed by him and produced at the University of Minnesota by R.A. Caspar, technician of the late Dr. Deon Stuthman, U. of Minn. oat breeder. Crosses were made over four years primarily to incorporate the earliness of the oat variety Montezuma and retention of the high grain and forage yields of California varieties released in Also during four years prior many crosses were made of California lines to Illinois oat selections which were selected for resistance to BYDV- PAV by Dr. Kolb. Of additional importance was the observation that Dr. Federizzi, the Brazilian oat breeder (trained at UCD and breeder of UC 132) had created short-statured oats having the same earliness as Montezuma. Gallagher recently transferred the oat breeding program to Alicia del Blanco and only the advanced lines developed by Gallagher will be finalized for variety release. In the next year R64, from IL BYDV resistant //Montezuma/UC142, will be finalized for release. 3. New genes for scald and stripe rust resistance are being incorporated in UCD germplasm and these materials are in the F4 generation. A new gene for stem rust resistance identified by Gallagher and M. Rouse (USDA, Minn) based on results from Kenya, is being added to UCD germplasm. Additional University of Minnesota collaborators include Yu Jin and Brian Steffenson. Material at UCD is now in the F2 and F3 generations and will be shared with USDA, Aberdeen and Oregon State Univ. Also work is being done on stem rust in collaboration with Pat Hayes, barley breeder at Oregon St. Univ. Pat will deliver for planting doubled haploids having the rpg4/rpg5 gene complex crossed onto UCD barleys. In return Pat has received material with the new stem rust gene. The BYD resistance gene Ryd3 is being added to all four market classes to increase resistance to barley yellow dwarf Virus (BYDV-PAV). The most advanced material is in the F5 generation. We will continue to add the Ryd3 gene from CI (aka L94), an Ethiopian two-rowed barley, to UCD germplasm. A second source which is a six-rowed German winter line having both yd2 and yd3 together is also being used. Populations having these two genes will be planted for field screening to confirm the presence of the resistance genes. Interesting material is then shared with Oregon State Univ., the USDA in Aberdeen, ID, and ICARDA in Rabat, Morocco, the 2

3 latter of which is collaborating using marker assisted selection. The Ryd3 gene will be added to all classes of barley to be released in the future. The genes Ryd2 and Ryd3 individually confer tolerance to the BYDV-PAV virus species transmitted by the aphid R. padi but together the two genes confer resistance. These two genes are ineffective against the less common CYDV for which selection for resistance in the field at UCD is effective. A mapping population for the study of the resistance to BYDV-RMV has been developed. This virus is found in UC nature preserves along with its main vector the corn leaf aphid. 4. Russian wheat aphid resistant backcrosses in three different populations are in year two of evaluation. Russian wheat aphid resistant material was backcrossed to three best six-rowed barleys to form the populations. The populations were then subjected to an aphid challenge at the USDA facility in Stillwater by Do Mornhinweg, who selected the resistant plants from each population for UCD. 5. Atlas barley was widely grown in CA for several decades of the last century. In the 1940s F. Briggs began a backcrossing program to introduce simply inherited morphological and disease resistance traits into Atlas. C.W. Schaller continued this work until his retirement in the 1980s. Qualset used some of the isolines in his thesis and maintained the materials as a lab tech with Schaller. Now there is more interest in some of the lines, especially smooth-awn trait, and the lines have not been registered as germplasm by CSSA. This year the lines are being grown for validation and seed production. 6. Barley Composite Crosses are part of the history of barley improvement at UCD and should be preserved for the use of other scientists. They are built on concepts developed by USDA scientist H.V. Harlan and applied by him, G.A. Wiebe, and C.A. Suneson, while the latter two were stationed at UC Davis. Suneson continued to advance the populations (about 15 of them) annually until his retirement in Then S.K. Jain and R.W. Allard began to use them in now famous population studies. Upon Allard s retirement in 1986, the populations remained dormant until The California Genetic Resources Conservation Program provided a grant to rescue the populations and in 1996 new seed was produced and samples sent to the USDA NSGC at Aberdeen, ID. The populations were advanced again in 2015 by Qualset. The most advanced population CC II has 65 generations now, being the oldest active plant breeding activity on small grains, but behind the 100+ years of the Illinois corn selection project. Dan Koenig, new faculty member at UCR is interested in managing the populations in the future in his population genomics research program. He has collected dead and viable seed of the populations for DNA studies. 3

4 Procedures: A bulk-pedigree breeding program modified for a low budget is being used to improve all four market classes of barley. Usually two or three generations of bulking are done before selecting head rows. New crosses are made in April at Davis with sowing of new F1 seeds one month later at the Tulelake (IREC) field station. After the September harvest of F1 plants at Tulelake, F2 populations are planted at Davis in November. Bulk methods follow and then heads are selected to produce seed from F5 lines. Seeds of malting lines are sent to the USDA Malt Lab at Madison, WI. One breeding cycle takes six to seven years of effort followed by three or more years of statewide adaptation trials and field-scale malting and brewing evaluations. Standard small grains plot management procedures are used with most plantings made at Davis and some increases and populations at Tulelake (IREC). Seeds of Schaller barley and the advanced oat line IL BYDV germplasm//montezuma/uc142 will be increased in isolation. Justification. All four market classes of barley are used in California. More CA production would be desirable and the prospects are good for barley because of it lower water requirements than wheat or oat. New genes for resistance to various diseases (BYDV, CYDV, scald and stripe rust) can be incorporated into all four market classes. Oat for forage has been gaining in usage in California and is an attractive seed crop because growers normally do not harvest seed from their forage fields. The new line is expected to offer much better BYD resistance and earliness desired by growers. The hooded barley line also will be used in the forage industry in blends with other crop seeds, including wheat, triticale, and oat. Seed of one oat line and one barley line will be increased conccurrently with new policies of the Foundation Seed Program. The Atlas barley lines will be valuable for research and may capitalize on Schaller s discovery of yield benefit of the so-called Half-awned Atlas for rainfed production areas. The Composite Crosses offer a rich source of disease resistance genes, as shown by previous work on the populations by L. Jackson, R. Webster, and R. Allard. Continued advancement of those populations will take advantage of annual variations in disease incidence and continue to improve the breeding value of the populations. The populations will be subjected to modern genomics-based research approaches as Koenig (UCR) and Morrell (Minnesota) have initiated. 4

5 BUDGET EXPENDITURE CATEGORY Personnel Salary: Gallagher (0.50 FTE) Employee benefits: (39.2%) Supplies and Expenses Contract labor (tractor/combine driver) Land usage fees, harvest, threshing, paper bags, and seed packaging for both Gallagher and Qualset. REQUESTED FUNDS $6,700 $2,626 $9,326 $500 $4,874 Travel RT travel between Davis and Tulelake $5,374 $300 $300 TOTAL $15,000 No funds are available for varietal seed increases of Schaller forage barley or the oat line for UC Foundation Seed. The requested funds in this proposal will pay only a small percentage of the total funds needed to complete the described objectives. Additional partial funding is listed below. Funds received: USDA stem rust grant ($26,507) American Malting Barley Assoc. ($29,540) APPROVALS: Lynn Gallagher Cereal Breeder C.O.Qualset Professor, Emeritus Joe DiTomaso, Chair Dept. of Plant Sci. 5