Enhancing sustainable yield index in fertigated Mango cv. Dashehari. Abstract

Transcription

1 GERF Bulletin of Biosciences ISSN: Case Report Enhancing sustainable yield index in fertigated Mango cv. Dashehari 2018 December, 9(2):1-6 Tarun Adak 1*, Kailash Kumar 2 and G. Pandey Division of Crop Production, Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Rehmankhera, Lucknow , Uttar Pradesh, India Received: 10 December 2018 Accepted: 23 December 2018 Published Online: 31 December 2018 Citation: Copyright: 2018 Adak et al., Licensee Green Earth Research Foundation. This article distributed under terms of Creative Commons Attribution License ( Which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Open Access Adak T, Kumar K, Pandey G. Enhancing sustainable yield index in fertigated Dashehari mango. GERF Bull Biosci. December (2):1-6. Abstract Resource conservation in the era of depleting natural resources is of great concern from view point of long-term sustainability. Depleting ground water recharge and changing rainfall pattern under the climate change era, enables farmers to compel for alternative ways of enhancing sustainable yield through drip fertigation system. Fertigation system enhances sustainable yield index (0.87) in Dashehari mango under subtropical Lucknow condition as compared to basin irrigation system (0.56 to 0.71). Index on yield attributes and soil nutrient were also recorded. Key words: Sustainable yield index, Drip fertigation, Dashehari mango, Lucknow Conflict of Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interests. *Corresponding author: Tarun Adak tarunadak@gmail.com Fig.1: Sustainable yield index in fertigated Dashehari Mango

2 GERF Bulletin of Biosciences 2018, December 9(2):1-6 2 Fig. 2: Coefficient of variations in productivity Fig. 4: Improving yield sustainability Introduction Natural resource management under the era of global climate change is becoming major thrust area in tropical countries like India her states witnessed major weather extremisms influencing cropping pattern, sustainability of any production system and thereby reducing the income/ profit of farmers engaged in farming. Therefore, farmers engaged in fruit production system should be well protected and research priority should be formulated for efficient resource utilization (1). In this concern, Irrigation sources are of great concern from view point of climate aberrations impacting the recharge processes and rate to the ground water. Farmers normally follow basin irrigation in mango major source of which either through canal water or ground water flow. To overcome the load on reduced rate of ground water recharge and for better water management, drip fertigation is an alternate method through which both water and nutrient can be economized and enhanced yield can be obtained (2) (Fig. 3, 4). Materials and Methods For enhancing the yield sustainability, the work on response of drip fertigation on Dashehari mango was conducted under subtropical Lucknow condition wherein nutrients were applied in split doses at critical crop phenological stages (T1: 100% recommended fertilizer as basin application, T2, T3 and T4 are 75, 50 and 25% of recommended fertilizers at different phenophases through drip) the detailed were as per Adak et al (3) (Fig. 5, 6 & 7). Data on yield and its attributes, soil nutrients were undergone statistical analysis wherein standard deviation and coefficient of variations of each treatment season wise were estimated. Fig. 5: Drip fertigation in operation Fig. 3: Field preparation before drip installation

3 3 GERF Bulletin of Biosciences 2018, December 9(2): Sustainable soil organic carbon index (SSOCI) = (Y 4 sd 4 )/Y 4max Wherein Y 1, Y 2, Y 3, Y 4 stands for estimated values of available soil N, P, K and soil organic carbon in each treatment season wise Y 1max, Y 2max, X 3max, X 4max : Recorded maximum values of soil parameters sd 1 to sd 4 = standard deviations Soil micronutrient index was also derived using same formulae: 1. Sustainable Zn index (SZnI) = (Z 1 sd 1 )/Z 1max 2. Sustainable Cu index (SCuI) = (Z 2 sd 2 )/Z 2max 3. Sustainable Mn index (SMnI) = (Z 3 sd 3 )/Z 3max Fig. 6 Basin irrigation in mango orchard Sustainable index on yield, quality attributes and soil nutrients were estimated using following equations (4) - 1. Yield sustainability/sustainable yield index (SYI) = (X 1 sd 1 )/X 1max where x 1 stands for observed yield obtained in each treatment season wise X 1max is the maximum productivity obtained across seasons and sd 1 stands for standard deviations within each treatments 4. Sustainable Fe index (SFeI) = (Z 4 sd 4 )/Z 4max Wherein Z 1, Z 2, Z 3, Z 4 : Recorded observed values of DTPA extractable soil micronutrients (Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe) Z 1max, Z 2max, Z 3max, Z 4max : maximum values of soil micronutrients recorded sd 1 to sd 4 = standard deviations Likewise index on quality attributes was estimated 2. Sustainable ascorbic acid index (SAAI) = (X 2 sd 2 )/X 2max 3. Sustainable TSS index (STSSI) = (X 3 sd 3 )/X 3max 4. Sustainable acidity index (SAI) = (X 4 sd 4 )/X 4max Wherein X 2, X 3, X 4 = observed ascorbic acid content, TSS and acidity in fruits of each treatment season wise X 2max, X 3max, X 4max = maximum values of quality attributes recorded and sd 2 to sd 4 = standard deviations of quality components of fruits within each treatments. Soil nutrient index was also calculated to find out the dynamics under fertigation system in Dashehari Mango. 5. Sustainable N index (SNI) = (Y 1 sd 1 )/Y 1max 6. Sustainable P index (SPI) = (Y 2 sd 2 )/Y 2max 7. Sustainable K index (SKI) = (Y 3 sd 3 )/Y 3max Fig. 7: Display board showing the treatment composition Results and discussion Data on SYI indicated a range of 0.56 to 0.87 and 0.71 to 0.87 respectively in seasons across different treatments (Fig. 1). The highest value obtained in the treatment where fertigation was applied as per 75% of recommended fertilizer doses in split doses in phenophases. The coefficient of variations across treatments influencing the productivity was recorded and it was found only 10.9 to 18.6 percentages (Fig. 2). Higher the CV%, more is the differential response in each treatments in fact trees do response differently within each treatment indicates the variability to the applied

4 GERF Bulletin of Biosciences 2018, December 9(2):1-6 4 inputs. Higher the value of SYI, more is the probability of obtaining better yield out of a number of treatment combinations. In case of quality attributes, highest value of sustainable ascorbic acid index (0.96) and sustainable TSS index (0.99) was recorded while sustainable acidity index differed from 0.64 to 0.92 (Table 1). Improving sustainability of fruit production system is essentially important for future generations to meet out the food demand. It is obvious that the production system should be robust with the adoption of best management practices at farmers field. Kumar et al (5) depicted how better sustainable yield index can be obtained in Dashehari mango under integrated nutrient management system. Moreover, soil system comprising of soil physico-chemical and biological properties under different substrates treated soils or of in integrated nutrient management modules should be taken care of for sustaining yield gap (6). Impact of different treatments on soil nutrients showed variations across treatments with highest sustainable values obtained with the T 2 treatment. A range of 0.67 to 0.90, 0.82 to 0.94, 0.82 to 0.91 and 0.78 to 0.86 sustainable N, P, K and soil organic carbon was revealed (Table 2 to 5). Table 1: Sustainable quality attributes in Dashehari mango Ascorbic Acid SAAI sd CV(%) T T T T T T T T TSS STSSI sd CV(%) T T T T T T T T Acidity T1 SAI sd CV(%) T T T T T T T Table 2: Sustainable nitrogen index in Dashehari Mango Sustainable N index SNI sd CV (%) SNI sd CV (%) Table 3: Sustainable phosphorus index in Dashehari Mango Sustainable K index SKI sd CV (%) SKI sd CV (%) Table 4: Sustainable potassium index in Dashehari Mango Sustainable P index SPI sd CV (%) SPI sd CV (%) Soil micronutrients which are responsive to the fruit quality and enhancing the productivity across different irrigation regimes were also evaluated and the sustainability index showed that the fertigation at its 75% is the best for obtaining sustainable productivity. A wider variation in terms of SZnI was observed with 0.40 to 0.82 and 0.67 to 0.82 values in both the seasons respectively. In case of Mn, Cu and Fe, the corresponding sustainable index values for both the seasons were estimated at 0.62

5 5 GERF Bulletin of Biosciences 2018, December 9(2): 1-6 to 0.77, 0.74 to to 0.82, 0.67 to to 0.83, 0.71 to 0.84 (Table 6-9). Table 5: Sustainable soil organic carbon index in Dashehari Mango Sustainable organic carbon index SOCI sd CV (%) SOCI sd CV (%) Higher values indicated the need for estimating these indexes as a function of soil management system to sustain long-term mango productivity. Drip fertigation adopted and applied at sensitive fruit developmental stage is important for profuse flowering and fruit set in drip fertigated mango trees for attaining better SYI (Fig. 8, 9 &10). Kumar et al (7) demonstrated at farmers field and showed the dissemination of technologies and adoption by farmers can really improved quality graded mango fruits with higher productivity level. Table 6: Sustainable Zn index in Dashehari Mango under different fertigation regimes Sustainable Zn index SNI sd CV (%) SNI sd CV (%) Table 7: Sustainable Mn index in Dashehari Mango Sustainable Mn index SMnI sd CV (%) SMnI sd CV (%) Fig. 8: Flowering in drip fertigated mango trees Table 8: Sustainable Cu index in Dashehari Mango under different fertigation regimes Sustainable Cu index SPI sd CV (%) SPI sd CV (%) Table 9: Sustainable Fe index in Dashehari Mango under different fertigation regimes Sustainable Fe index SFeI sd CV (%) SFeI sd CV (%) Fig. 9: Fruit set in drip fertigated mango trees

6 GERF Bulletin of Biosciences 2018, December 9(2): Acknowledgements The authors duly acknowledge scientific and technical staff for their direct or indirect contribution, The Director CISH, Lucknow and PC (STF) was also duly acknowledged for their overall support in conducting the experiment. References Fig. 10: Sensitive fruit developmental stage for drip fertigation Conclusion Experimentation on economizing natural resources is very much important and essential. One of priorities thrust area is to conserve ground water and improve more crops per drop. The key component in this area is of utilization of fertigation system through which both water and nutrients may be applied to the effective root zone. Fruits trees may sustain the water needs at its sensitize fruit developmental stage and thereby quality productivity could be obtained. The present study indicated highest SYI (0.87) in drip fertigated applied at critical phenological stages (after harvest with 25%, during and marble size 30%) without P at marble stage and higher K 45% at marble size stage to improve fruit quality. The treatment combination should be recommended/adopted at farmers field for sustaining mango productivity as well as improving water use. 1. Rajan S. Implications of climate change in mango. Impact Assessment of Climate Change for Research Priority Planning in Horticultural Crops. Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla pp Adak T, Kailash K, Singh VK. Fertigation regime impacting productivity, moisture and nutrient distribution in mango under subtropical condition. Indian J. Soil Conser (3): Adak T, Kumar K. Singh VK. Energy Summation Indices and Heat Use Efficiency in Mango cv Dashehari under Subtropical Indian Condition. Journal of Agricultural Physics, (1&2): Singh, R.P., Das S.K., Bhaskar Rao U.M. and Narayana Reddy M Towards sustainable dryland Agricultural Practices. CRIDA, Hyderabad, India. 5. Kumar K, Adak T. Singh VK. Green manuring and nutrient management impacting soil properties and sustainability of mango orchard. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation (1): Adak T, Singha A, Kumar K. Singh VK. Soil indicators as a tool to assess changes in soil properties in guava orchard ecosystem. Indian Journal of Soil Conservation, (1): Kumar K, Adak T, Lal B, Shukla PK, Balaji Rajkumar, Chandra S. Singh VK. Technological intervention in sustaining mango productivity in a resource poor farmers field of Uttar Pradesh. GERF Bulletin of Biosciences, (2):6-11. Author contributions All the mutually agreed for publication of this manuscript. Dr. Tarun Adak and Dr. Kailash Kumar sincerely involved in designing the experiment. All relevant data related to soil and tree components were collected and generated data. Manuscript was prepared and improved. Dr. G. Pandey thoroughly checked the manuscript and revised.