Effect of Seeding Rate, Row Spacing, and Herbicides on Weed Control in Dry Beans

Transcription

1 Effect of Seeding Rate, Row Spacing, and Herbicides on Weed Control in Dry Beans Kati LeQuia- M.S. Candidate Don Morishita- Professor of Weed Science

2 Introduction Hesterman, et al.- Producing Soybeans in Narrow Rows Narrow row advantages Increased light interception Reduced within-row plant competition Earlier canopy closure Reduced soil erosion Higher podding on the stem Increased yields

3 Introduction Blackshaw, Muendel, Saindon- Canopy Architecture, Row Spacing, and Plant Density Effects on Yield of Dry Bean in the Absence and Presence of Hairy Nightshade 9 inch rows compared to 27 inch row Less hairy nightshade biomass in all years Increased yield at a seeding rate of ~195,000 plants per acre Increased yield in 1 out of 3 years at a seeding rate of ~95,000 plants per acre

4 Introduction Mike Thornton, Don Morishita- Effect of Row Spacing, Plant Architecture, and Herbicides on Weed Control in Dry Bean Yields in 7.5-inch rows greater than or equal to yields in 22-inch rows

5 Seeding Rates 22-inch rows 100,000 seeds per acre 7.5-inch rows 100,000 seeds per acre 125,000 seeds per acre 150,000 seeds per acre 175,000 seeds per acre 200,000 seeds per acre

6 Herbicide Treatments We applied a pre-emergent treatment of 0.77 lb ae/acre Roundup PowerMax and 1.27 lb ai/a of BroncMax Timing Herbicide Common Name Rate N/A Control N/A N/A N/A Hand Weeded Control N/A N/A Pre-Emergent Eptam 7-E Pre-Emergent Sonalan HFP EPTC Ethalfluralin 3 pt/a 3 pt/a Pre-Emergent Eptam 7-E Pre-Emergent Sonalan HFP EPTC Ethalfluralin 3 pt/a 3 pt/a 1 st tri-foliate Varisto Imazamox, Bentazon Pre-Emergent Pre-Emergent 1 st tri-foliate Eptam 7-E Sonalan HFP Outlook EPTC Ethalfluralin Dimethenamid-P 21 fl oz/a 3 pt/a 3 pt/a 1 pt/a

7 Aerial Photo

8 Aerial Photo E+S+O E+S+V HW E+S E+S HW Ctrl HW E+S+O Ctrl HW E+S HW E+S E+S+O W W W 200 E+S Ctrl E+S+V E+S+O E+S+V E+S+O E+S+O Ctrl Ctrl E+S+V HW E+S+V Ctrl E+S E+S+V W W

9 Data Stand count Light interception Visual crop injury evaluations Visual weed control evaluations Weed counts Pod distance to the ground Weed biomass Pods per plant Beans per pod 100 bean weight Harvest

10 Stand Counts

11 Canopy Closure The canopy of the 22-inch rows took longer to close than the 7.5-inch rows

12 Pod Distance to the Ground No statistical differences

13 Weed Biomass No statistical difference Roundup PowerMax watered in too soon

14 Weed Biomass E+S+Outlook and E+S+Varisto had less weed biomass than the control

15 Pods per Plant The 100,000 seeds per acre had more pods per plant than the 150,000, 175,000, and 200,000 seeds per acre The 100,000, 100,000 W, and the 125,000 seeds per acre, had more pods per plant than the 200,000 seeds per acre

16 Pods per Plant The hand weeded control had more pods per plant than any other treatment The E+S+Outlook and E+S+Varisto treatments had more pods per plant than the control

17 Yield No statistical Differences

18 Yield The hand weeded control had a higher yield than the other treatments

19 Conclusion The canopy of the 22-inch rows took longer to close than the 7.5-inch rows E+S+Outlook and E+S+Varisto had less weed biomass and more pods per plant than the control In general, the lower seeding rates had more pods per plant than the higher seeding rates The hand weeded control had the highest yield

20 Comparing Dry Bean Productivity, Weed Incidence and Management In Three Tillage Systems Don W. Morishita Samara L. Arthur

21 Objectives Compare conventional tillage (CT), strip tillage (ST) and directseeding (DS) effects on dry bean seedling emergence and stand establishment. Compare the effect of CT, ST and DS on dry bean productivity. Compare the effect of various herbicide treatments in CT, ST and DS dry beans on weed emergence and control.

22 Herbicides Treatment Control Eptam + Sonalan E+S fb Outlook Eptam + Outlook E+O fb Sonalan Sonalan + Outlook S+O fb Eptam Basagran + Select* fb Bas + Sel* Varisto* fb Varisto* *Also included MSO (1% v/v) + UAN (2.5% v/v) Rate pt/a pt/a fb 14 fl oz/a 3 pt + 14 fl oz/a 3 pt + 14 fl oz/a fb 3 pt/a 3 pt + 14 fl oz/a 3 pt + 14 fl oz/a fb 3 pt/a 18 fl oz fb 18 fl oz/a 21 fl oz fb 21 fl oz/a

23

24 Plant Stand 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 a Plants/A a 50,618 53,485 51,900 CT ST DS a

25 % C. Lambsquarters Control LSD = NS LSD = E+S E+S fb O E+O E+O fb S S+O S+O fb E Bas fb BasVar fb Var

26 % Redroot Pigweed Control LSD = 6 LSD = E+S E+S fb O E+O E+O fb S S+O S+O fb E Bas fb Bas Var fb Var

27 % Hairy Nightshade Control LSD = 6 LSD = 19 E+S E+S fb O E+O E+O fb S S+O S+O fb E Bas fb Bas Var fb Var

28 Lb/A Total Weed Biomass 2,500 2,000 1,500 1, a 2,216 a 1,578 1,896 CT ST DS a

29 lb/a Total Weed Biomass a 3373 bcd 2132 abc 2394 bcd 2165 ab 2623 LSD = 1,071 b-e b-e c-e E+S E+S fb O E+O E+O fb S S+O S+O fb E Bas fb Bas Var fb Var

30 Lb/A Bean Yield 2,500 2,000 1,500 1, a 2,017 a 2,441 2,339 CT ST DS a

31 lb/a Bean Yield (lb/a) cd 1551 LSD = 862 d 1,320 ab 2,459 a 2,930 ab 2,464 bcd 1,969 a 3,114 ab 2,676 abc 2, UTC E+S E+S fb O E+O E+O fb S S+O S+O fb E Bas fb Bas Var fb Var

32 Summary No difference in weed control between CT, ST and DS. Common lambsquarters control equal among herbicides. Redroot pigweed all good early in season. o Lowest later in season with Eptam + Outlook fb Sonalan o Varisto and Basagran control best late season Hairy nightshade control good to excellent early in season o Varisto and Basagran control best late season

33 Summary No difference in total weed biomass between CT, ST, and DS. Lowest weed biomass with Sonalan + Outlook fb Eptam, Basagran, and Varisto. Bean stand equal between CT, ST and DS. Bean yield equal between CT, ST and DS. Ep + Son fb OL, Ep + OL & fb Son, Son + OL fb Ep, Basagran and Varisto had highest seed yields.