WELCOME TO THE 2014 PFR RESULTS PUBLICATION

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Winifred Robinson
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WELCOME TO THE 2014 PFR RESULTS PUBLICATION Before you review the Practical Farm Research studies in this book, please read the reviews written by the directors from each site.

1 WELCOME TO THE 2014 PFR RESULTS PUBLICATION Before you review the Practical Farm Research studies in this book, please read the reviews written by the directors from each site. They provide an overview of the growing season to help you gain perspective and understanding for the data presented. Also, you will notice that for some of our research plots, we calculate revenue. Market price volatility makes it difficult to figure revenue and income per acre for the crops and inputs that we test and have it applicable to every farmer. The following prices reflect the yearly average of Friday s closing price (October 2013 to September 2014) of our local markets near our Practical Farm Research locations. We then round the numbers for simplicity in calculating returns. You may need to refigure your own return per acre, for prices that you expect to receive, if they differ significantly from the commodity and input prices we used. Corn Soybeans Drying Costs UAN $4.15/Bu. (Waxy corn premium $0.60/Bu.) $11.20/Bu. $0.04 per point of moisture/bu. $0.60/lb. of nitrogen Base Nitrogen Rates: First year corn: 180 lb./a. Continuous corn: 225 lb./a. Other costs and inputs specific to a study will be listed on the study page. The Summary Comparison pages near the front of this book contain data from farmer plots, Beck s PFR, replicated testing, University and third party testing. You may obtain copies and/or view the individual farmer plots in the following ways: Visit our website or contact Beck s main office at or your sales representative for a printed copy or a CD containing farmer plots for specific regions that are of interest.

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS MULTI-YEAR CORN COMPARISONS Page Waxy Corn Summary 5 Regional Corn Summary INDEPENDENT TEST RESULTS Page Corn Independent Test Results Soybean Independent Test Results 21 MULTI-YEAR SOYBEAN COMPARISONS Page LibertyLink Summary Roundup Ready Summary Conventional Summary 31 CENTRAL INDIANA PRACTICAL CORN RESEARCH Page Central Indiana Review 33 Corn Show Plot 34 Ultra High Population & Row Width Study Bushel Attempt Bushel Attempt (20 Rows) Flo-Rite Seed Firmer Study 40 VT Fungicide Study 41 Fungicide Timing Study Headline In-Furrow Study 44 Early Season Fungicide Study 45 Planting Date Study (Tile vs. No-Tile) Replant Study Vertical-Till vs. Conventional-Till (CAB) 50 No-Till vs. Conventional-Till (Cont. Corn) 51 Closing Wheel Study Nitrogen Timing Study Nitrogen Rate Study (CAB) 56 Nitrogen Rate Study (Cont. Corn) 57 Nitrogen Stabilizer Study (Pre-Emerge) N Gage Study 59 Nitrogen Stabilizer Study (Sidedress) 60 Sidedress Spacing Study 61 Corn After Cover Crop Nitrogen Rate Study 62 Strip Crop Nitrogen Study 63 Residue Management Study 64 Allelopathy Study (Cont. Corn) 65 Capture LFR Study Sub-Irrigation Study 68 Starter Fertilizer Study 69 Micronutrient Study Grow 7Seven Study 72 Pop-up Fertilizer Study 73 Start Right Study 74 Over the Top Corn Study 75 Respire Study 75 In-Furrow Product Study 76 Phosphorus Efficiency Study 77 Plant Growth Regulator Study 78 CENTRAL INDIANA PRACTICAL SOYBEAN RESEARCH Page Soybean Show Plot Bushel Attempt Experimental Soybean Show Plot 82 Escalate vs. Untreated Study 83 CENTRAL INDIANA PRACTICAL SOYBEAN RESEARCH Page Herbicide Injury Study 84 Pre-Emergent Herbicide Study Tillage Study (BAC) Vertical-Till vs. Conventional-Till Study (BAC) 90 Soybean After Cover Crop Study 91 Planting Date Study (Tile vs. No-Tile) Foliar Fungicide Study Foliar Insecticide Study 96 Nematode Seed Treatment Study 97 Nitrogen Study 98 In-Furrow Product Study 99 Micronutrient Study Start Right & Over the Top Soybeans Study GantecPro Study 103 Soil Amendment Study 104 Double Crop Soybean Show Plot 105 KENTUCKY PRACTICAL CORN RESEARCH Page Kentucky Review 107 Corn Show Plot 108 Sub-Irrigated Corn Show Plot Bushel Attempt (CAB) 110 Fungicide Timing Study 111 VT Fungicide Study (Cont. Corn) VT Fungicide Study (CAB) 114 Closing Wheel Study 115 Planting Date Study 116 Replant Study 117 Intensive Management Study (Non-Irrigated) 118 Intensive Management Study (Irrigated) 119 Nitrogen Timing Study Nitrogen Rate Study (CAB) 122 Nitrogen Rate Study (CAC) 123 Preplant Nitrogen Rate Study (CAB) 124 NH 3 Seed Placement Study 125 Nitrogen Stabilizer Study (Pre-Emerge) 126 Nitrogen Stabilizer Study (Sidedress) 127 N Gage Study 128 Corn After Cover Crop Nitrogen Rate Study 129 Capture LFR Study 130 Sub-Irrigation Study 131 Pop-up Placement Study 132 Pop-up Fertilizer Study 133 Potassium Study 134 Sulfur Study 135 Soil Fertility Study 136 KENTUCKY PRACTICAL SOYBEAN RESEARCH Page Soybean Show Plot 137 Irrigated Soybean Show Plot Bushel Attempt 139 Herbicide Injury Study 140 Planting Date Study 141 Foliar Fungicide/Insecticide Study 142 Fungicide In-Furrow Study 143 Nematode Seed Treatment Study 144 Defoliation Study 145

3 TABLE OF CONTENTS KENTUCKY PRACTICAL SOYBEAN RESEARCH - CONTINUED Page Soil Health Study 146 Cover Crop Establishment Study 147 Population Timing Study Soybean Nitrogen Study 150 Foliar Feed Study 151 Wheat Herbicide/Soybean Tolerance Study Double Crop Foliar Fungicide/Insecticide Study 154 Double Crop Population Study 155 CENTRAL ILLINOIS PRACTICAL CORN RESEARCH Page Central Illinois Review 157 Corn Show Plot Bushel Attempt - April Planting (CAB) Bushel Attempt - May Planting (CAB) 160 In-Furrow Fungicide Study 161 Fungicide Timing Study Leaf Disease Inoculation Study UnderCOVER Study 166 Fungicide/Nutritional Study 167 Serenade Study 167 Closing Wheel Study 168 Planting Date Study Replant Study 172 Pinch Row Compaction Study 173 Down Force Precision Planting Study Ag Leader Down Force Study Tillage Rotation Study (CAB) 178 Tillage Rotation Study (CAC) 179 Moldboard Plow Study (Cont. Corn) 180 SoilWarrior X Study 181 Nitrogen Timing Study (CAB) Nitrogen Timing Study (Cont. Corn) Nitrogen Rate Study (CAB) 186 Nitrogen Rate Study (Cont. Corn) 187 Nitrogen Stabilizer Study Limus Nitrogen Stabilizer Study 190 Factor Urea Stabilizer Study 191 N-Serve Study 192 Nitrogen Sealer Study 193 BioRed Study V5 Corn Cover Crop Study Cover Crop Interseeding Study Row Width & Population Study 201 Capture LFR Study Soil-Applied Insecticide Study 204 Carbon Penalty Study 205 Soil Nitrate Study P Max Plus Study 208 P Max LFS Study 209 Incite Silica Study 210 Aqua Sorb Study 211 Frost Study 212 Starter Fertilizer Systems Study 213 Start Right Study 214 Soil Boost Study 214 USA 500 Liquid Study 215 Amplify-D Study 215 Yield King Study 216 Potassium Plus Study 217 Respire Study 218 CENTRAL ILLINOIS PRACTICAL CORN RESEARCH - CONTINUED Page RyzUp SmartGrass Study 219 Experimental Acid Foliar Study 219 Versa Max Study 220 CENTRAL ILLINOIS PRACTICAL SOYBEAN RESEARCH Page Soybean Show Plot Bushel Attempt Starter Fertilizer Study 223 Tillage Study (BAC) 224 Moldboard Plow Study (BAC) 225 Row Width & Population Study Planting Date Study Foliar Fungicide/Insecticide Study Stratego YLD & Leverage Study 232 In-Furrow Fungicide Study 233 UnderCOVER Fungicide/Nutritional Study 234 Nematode Seed Treatment Study 235 Sudden Death Syndrome Study 236 Defoliation Demo 237 Optimize Study 238 Versa Max Soybean Study 239 Respire Study 240 SOUTHERN ILLINOIS PRACTICAL CORN RESEARCH Page Southern Illinois Review 241 Corn Show Plot Bushel Attempt 243 Fungicide Timing Study (CAC) 244 Fungicide Timing Study (CAB) 245 VT Fungicide Study 246 Headline EC In-Furrow Study 247 Planting Date Study Replant Study 250 Planting Depth Study 251 Nitrogen Timing Study Nitrogen Rate Study (CAC) 254 Nitrogen Rate Study (CAB) 255 Urea Nitrogen Stabilizer Study 256 Sidedress Spacing Study 257 Hybrid/Trait Insecticide Study Soil Amendment Study 259 Foliar Study Tillage Study (CAB) 262 Pop-up Fertilizer Study 263 SOUTHERN ILLINOIS PRACTICAL SOYBEAN RESEARCH Page Soybean Show Plot Bushel Attempt 265 Planting Date Study Fungicide Variety Study Herbicide Injury Study 270 Nematode Seed Treatment Study 271 Tillage Study 272 Soil Amendment Study 273

4 TABLE OF CONTENTS SOUTHERN ILLINOIS PRACTICAL SOYBEAN RESEARCH - CONTINUED Page Foliar Study In-Furrow Study 275 Induced Stress Study 276 OHIO PRACTICAL CORN RESEARCH Page Ohio Review 277 Corn Show Plot Bushel Attempt (CAB) Bushel Attempt (Cont. Corn) 280 VT Fungicide Study 281 Planting Date Study 282 Replant Study 283 Planting Depth Study 284 Planting Speed Study 285 Tillage Study 286 Closing Wheel Study 287 Nitrogen Timing Study 288 Nitrogen Rate Study (CAB) 289 Corn After Cover Crop Study Capture LFR Study 292 In-Furrow Study 293 Pop-up Fertilizer Study 294 Gypsum Study 295 OHIO PRACTICAL SOYBEAN RESEARCH Page Soybean Show Plot 296 Escalate vs. Untreated Study 297 Herbicide Injury Study 298 Tillage Study 299 Cover Crop Study 300 Planting Date Study 301 Planting Depth Study Population & Timing Study 304 Nematode Seed Treatment Study 305 Induced Stress Study 306 INNOVATION Page J&M ifarm Cloud-Based Weigh System Study 329 UAV Study Capello Chopping Corn Head Study 332 Yetter Stalk Devastator Study 333 TrackTill Study 334 CENTRAL INDIANA PRACTICAL WHEAT RESEARCH Page Fungicide Study 335 KENTUCKY PRACTICAL WHEAT RESEARCH Page Fungicide Study 336 Nitrogen Rate Study 337 Nitrogen Timing & Inhibitor Study 338 Fall Nitrogen & Tillage Study 339 Wheat Tillage Study 340 Sulfur Study 340 SOUTHERN ILLINOIS PRACTICAL WHEAT RESEARCH Page Herbicide Study High Yield Attempt 342 MULTI-LOCATION PRACTICAL RESEARCH Page VT Fungicide Study 307 Fungicide Timing Study Nitrogen Rate Study Nitrogen Stabilizer Study 312 Nitrogen Utilization Multi-Year Study 313 Nitrogen Timing Study (CAB) 314 Corn Silage Study 315 Row Width & Population Study Capture LFR Study 318 Soybean Herbicide Injury Study 319 Nematode Seed Treatment Study Escalate vs. Untreated Study 321 PFR PARTNERS Page PFR Partners Introduction 322 Multi-Hybrid Corn Planting Nitrogen Management Study

5 BECK EX 1311 (6140 *) Waxy Corn Hybrids Overall Performance Summary Dollar advantage per acre is calculated using $4.15/Bu. pricing and drying costs of $0.04 per point of moisture per bushel. Waxy dollar advantage per acre is calculated using $4.75/Bu. BECK 6187wx * Yrs Plots Brand % Moist. $/Acre Adv. Yrs Plots Brand % Moist. $/Acre Adv BECK EX 1311 (6140 *) $ BECK 6187wx * $ BECK 5435AMX * BECK 5509A BECK EX 1311 (6140 *) $ BECK 6187wx * $ Phoenix 5552A4** BECK 6272 * BECK EX 1311 (6140 *) $ BECK 6187wx * $ BECK 6175AMX * Dekalb DKC BECK EX 1311 (6140 *) $ BECK 6187wx * $ Channel STXRIB Dekalb DKC BECK EX 1311 (6140 *) $ BECK 6187wx * $71.65 Pioneer P0993AM Dekalb DKC BECK EX 1311 (6140 *) $ BECK 6187wx * $66.97 Pioneer P1105AM Pioneer P0832EXR BECK EX 1311 (6140 *) $ BECK 6187wx * $12.06 Pioneer P1352AMXT Pioneer P1018EHR BECK 6175wx * BECK 6372wx * Yrs Plots Brand % Moist. $/Acre Adv. Yrs Plots Brand % Moist. $/Acre Adv BECK 6175wx * $ BECK 6372wx * $ BECK 6175 * Phoenix 5726A4** BECK 6175wx * $ BECK 6372wx * $ BECK 6348A Phoenix 5842EZ** BECK 6175wx * $ BECK 6372wx * $ AgriGold A6533WX BECK 6575HR * BECK 6175wx * $ BECK 6372wx * $ Dekalb DKC AgriGold A6533VT3Pro BECK 6175wx * $ BECK 6372wx * $ Dekalb DKC Channel STXRIB BECK 6175wx * $ BECK 6372wx * $32.23 Dekalb DKC Pioneer P0832EXR BECK 6175wx * $ BECK 6372wx * $ Dekalb DKC Pioneer P1018AM BECK 6175wx * $ BECK 6372wx * $ Pioneer P0832EXR Pioneer P1319AM * XL is a registered trademark of Pioneer. XL brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. ** Phoenix is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. Phoenix brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. 5

6 Northern and Central Illinois Region 1 Performance Summary Dollar advantage per acre is calculated using $4.15/Bu. pricing and drying costs of $0.04 per point of moisture per bushel. BECK 5131AM * BECK EX 1473 (5852) Yrs Plots Brand % Moist. $/Acre Adv. Yrs Plots Brand % Moist. $/Acre Adv BECK 5131AM * $ BECK EX 1473 (5852) $11.26 AgriGold A6408VT3Pro Phoenix 5552EZ** BECK 5131AM * $ BECK EX 1473 (5852) $33.15 Dekalb DKC Phoenix 5842EZ** BECK 5131AM * $ BECK EX 1473 (5852) $82.31 Dekalb DKC AgriGold A6408VT3Pro BECK 5131AM * $ BECK EX 1473 (5852) $0.14 Pioneer P0216HR Channel STXRIB BECK 5131AM * $ BECK EX 1473 (5852) $44.61 Pioneer P0636AMX Dekalb DKC BECK 5131AM * $ BECK EX 1473 (5852) $13.41 Pioneer P0987AM Pioneer P0636AMX BECK 5131AM * $ BECK EX 1473 (5852) $59.45 Pioneer P0993AM Pioneer P0993AM BECK EX 1420 (5939 *) BECK 5509A3 6 Yrs Plots Brand % Moist. $/Acre Adv. Yrs Plots Brand % Moist. $/Acre Adv BECK EX 1420 (5939 *) $ BECK 5509A $53.94 AgriGold A6408VT3Pro AgriGold A6442STXRIB BECK EX 1420 (5939 *) $ BECK 5509A $33.01 AgriGold A6442STXRIB AgriGold A6496STXRIB BECK EX 1420 (5939 *) $ BECK 5509A $28.89 Channel STXRIB AgriGold A6559STXRIB BECK EX 1420 (5939 *) $ BECK 5509A $30.90 Channel STXRIB Channel STXRIB BECK EX 1420 (5939 *) $ BECK 5509A $33.68 Dekalb DKC Dekalb DKC BECK EX 1420 (5939 *) $ BECK 5509A $4.88 Dekalb DKC Dekalb DKC BECK EX 1420 (5939 *) $ BECK 5509A $34.75 Pioneer P0993AM Pioneer P1151AM BECK EX 1420 (5939 *) $ BECK 5509A $65.08 Pioneer P1151AM Pioneer P1360HR * XL is a registered trademark of Pioneer. XL brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. ** Phoenix is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. Phoenix brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc.

7 Northern and Central Illinois Region 1 Performance Summary (continued) Dollar advantage per acre is calculated using $4.15/Bu. pricing and drying costs of $0.04 per point of moisture per bushel. Phoenix 5552EZ** BECK 5828AMX * Yrs Plots Brand % Moist. $/Acre Adv. Yrs Plots Brand % Moist. $/Acre Adv Phoenix 5552EZ** $ BECK 5828AMX * $37.62 Phoenix 5842EZ** AgriGold A6496STXRIB Phoenix 5552EZ** $ BECK 5828AMX * $41.01 AgriGold A6442STXRIB Channel STXRIB Phoenix 5552EZ** $ BECK 5828AMX * $71.30 Pioneer P0993AM Channel STXRIB Phoenix 5552EZ** $ BECK 5828AMX * $17.97 Pioneer P1105AM Dekalb DKC Phoenix 5552EZ** $ BECK 5828AMX * $44.16 Pioneer P1215AM Dekalb DKC Phoenix 5552EZ** $ BECK 5828AMX * $19.78 Pioneer P1352AMXT Dekalb DKC Phoenix 5552EZ** $ BECK 5828AMX * $25.93 Pioneer P1360HR Pioneer P1151AM BECK 6175AMXT * BECK EX 1434 (6365 *) Yrs Plots Brand % Moist. $/Acre Adv. Yrs Plots Brand % Moist. $/Acre Adv BECK 6175AMXT * $ BECK EX 1434 (6365 *) $6.35 Phoenix 5842EZ** AgriGold A6496STXRIB BECK 6175AMXT * $ BECK EX 1434 (6365 *) $7.35 Phoenix 6542A4** AgriGold A6559STXRIB BECK 6175AMXT * $ BECK EX 1434 (6365 *) $41.12 Channel STXRIB Channel STXRIB BECK 6175AMXT * $ BECK EX 1434 (6365 *) $21.81 Dekalb DKC Channel STXRIB BECK 6175AMXT * $ BECK EX 1434 (6365 *) $12.90 Dekalb DKC Dekalb DKC BECK 6175AMXT * $ BECK EX 1434 (6365 *) $15.19 Dekalb DKC Dekalb DKC BECK 6175AMXT * $ BECK EX 1434 (6365 *) $14.88 Pioneer P0993AM Dekalb DKC BECK 6175AMXT * $ BECK EX 1434 (6365 *) $53.38 Pioneer P1352AMXT Pioneer P1352AMXT * XL is a registered trademark of Pioneer. XL brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. **Phoenix is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. Phoenix brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. 7

8 BECK 5131AM * N. Indiana, S. Michigan, NW. Ohio Region 2 Performance Summary Dollar advantage per acre is calculated using $4.15/Bu. pricing and drying costs of $0.04 per point of moisture per bushel. BECK 5140HR * Yrs Plots Brand % Moist. $/Acre Adv. Yrs Plots Brand % Moist. $/Acre Adv BECK 5131AM * $ BECK 5140HR * $59.83 BECK 5385A BECK 5246HR * BECK 5131AM * $ BECK 5140HR * $ AgriGold A6408VT3Pro AgriGold A6408VT3Pro BECK 5131AM * $ BECK 5140HR * $73.36 Dekalb DKC Dekalb DKC BECK 5131AM * $ BECK 5140HR * $48.82 Pioneer P0636AMX Dekalb DKC BECK 5131AM * $ BECK 5140HR * $ Pioneer P0965AM Pioneer P0636AMX BECK 5131AM * $ BECK 5140HR * $68.20 Pioneer P0987AM Pioneer P0965AM BECK 5131AM * $ BECK 5140HR * $83.41 Pioneer P0993AM Pioneer P0987AM BECK 5385A3 BECK 5475AM * Yrs Plots Brand % Moist. $/Acre Adv. Yrs Plots Brand % Moist. $/Acre Adv BECK 5385A $ BECK 5475AM * $10.43 AgriGold A6408VT3Pro BECK 5385A BECK 5385A $ BECK 5475AM * $45.21 Dekalb DKC BECK 5435AMX-R * BECK 5385A $ BECK 5475AM * $25.48 Pioneer P0636AMX Phoenix 5552A4** BECK 5385A $ BECK 5475AM * $35.79 Pioneer P0965AM AgriGold A6408VT3Pro BECK 5385A $ BECK 5475AM * $28.09 Pioneer P0987AM Dekalb DKC BECK 5385A $ BECK 5475AM * $22.45 Pioneer P0993AM Pioneer P0636AMX BECK 5385A $ BECK 5475AM * $62.40 Pioneer P1105AM Pioneer P0965AM BECK 5385A $ BECK 5475AM * $19.34 Pioneer P1215AM Pioneer P0987AM * XL is a registered trademark of Pioneer. XL brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. ** Phoenix is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. Phoenix brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. 8

9 N. Indiana, S. Michigan, NW. Ohio Region 2 Performance Summary (continued) Dollar advantage per acre is calculated using $4.15/Bu. pricing and drying costs of $0.04 per point of moisture per bushel. BECK EX 1420 (5939 *) BECK 5828AM * Yrs Plots Brand % Moist. $/Acre Adv. Yrs Plots Brand % Moist. $/Acre Adv BECK EX 1420 (5939 *) $ BECK 5828AM * $58.04 AgriGold A6408VT3Pro AgriGold A6442STXRIB BECK EX 1420 (5939 *) $ BECK 5828AM * $38.04 Dekalb DKC Channel STXRIB BECK EX 1420 (5939 *) $ BECK 5828AM * $5.88 Dekalb DKC Dekalb DKC BECK EX 1420 (5939 *) $ BECK 5828AM * $61.78 Dekalb DKC Dekalb DKC BECK EX 1420 (5939 *) $ BECK 5828AM * $63.40 Pioneer P0987AM Dekalb DKC BECK EX 1420 (5939 *) $ BECK 5828AM * $85.12 Pioneer P0993AM Pioneer P0993AM BECK EX 1420 (5939 *) $ BECK 5828AM * $84.10 Pioneer P1105AM Pioneer P1257AMXT BECK EX 1423 (6158 *) BECK 6175AM * Yrs Plots Brand % Moist. $/Acre Adv. Yrs Plots Brand % Moist. $/Acre Adv BECK EX 1423 (6158 *) $ BECK 6175AM * $43.53 BECK 6272AM-R * Channel STXRIB BECK EX 1423 (6158 *) $ BECK 6175AM * $8.39 AgriGold A6496STXRIB Dekalb DKC BECK EX 1423 (6158 *) $ BECK 6175AM * $21.96 Channel STXRIB Dekalb DKC BECK EX 1423 (6158 *) $ BECK 6175AM * $46.15 Channel STXRIB Pioneer P1105AM BECK EX 1423 (6158 *) $ BECK 6175AM * $58.44 Dekalb DKC Pioneer P1215AM BECK EX 1423 (6158 *) $ BECK 6175AM * $0.61 Dekalb DKC Pioneer P1257AMXT BECK EX 1423 (6158 *) $ BECK 6175AM * $23.39 Dekalb DKC Pioneer P1339AM BECK EX 1423 (6158 *) $ BECK 6175AM * $13.75 Dekalb DKC Pioneer P1352AMXT * XL is a registered trademark of Pioneer. XL brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. ** Phoenix is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. Phoenix brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. 9

10 BECK EX 1420 (5939 *) Central Indiana Region 3 Performance Summary Dollar advantage per acre is calculated using $4.15/Bu. pricing and drying costs of $0.04 per point of moisture per bushel. BECK 5509A3 Yrs Plots Brand % Moist. $/Acre Adv. Yrs Plots Brand % Moist. $/Acre Adv BECK EX 1420 (5939 *) $ BECK 5509A $19.69 BECK 5385A Phoenix 5832A3** BECK EX 1420 (5939 *) $ BECK 5509A $59.19 AgriGold A6559STXRIB AgriGold A6559STXRIB BECK EX 1420 (5939 *) $ BECK 5509A $54.20 Dekalb DKC Channel STXRIB BECK EX 1420 (5939 *) $ BECK 5509A $34.88 Dekalb DKC Dekalb DKC BECK EX 1420 (5939 *) $ BECK 5509A $26.27 Dekalb DKC Dekalb DKC BECK EX 1420 (5939 *) $ BECK 5509A $8.97 Pioneer P0987AM Dekalb DKC BECK EX 1420 (5939 *) $ BECK 5509A $28.15 Pioneer P0993AM Pioneer P1498HR BECK 5828AMX * Phoenix 5832A3** Yrs Plots Brand % Moist. $/Acre Adv. Yrs Plots Brand % Moist. $/Acre Adv BECK 5828AMX * $ Phoenix 5832A3** $2.49 AgriGold A6496STXRIB BECK 6272AM-R * BECK 5828AMX * $ Phoenix 5832A3** $20.40 Channel STXRIB AgriGold A6559STXRIB BECK 5828AMX * $ Phoenix 5832A3** $29.01 Channel STXRIB Channel STXRIB BECK 5828AMX * $ Phoenix 5832A3** $12.56 Dekalb DKC Channel STXRIB BECK 5828AMX * $ Phoenix 5832A3** $1.22 Dekalb DKC Channel STXRIB BECK 5828AMX * $ Phoenix 5832A3** $3.87 Dekalb DKC Dekalb DKC BECK 5828AMX * $ Phoenix 5832A3** $0.46 Pioneer P1151AM Dekalb DKC BECK 5828AMX * $ Phoenix 5832A3** $3.77 Pioneer P1257AMXT Dekalb DKC * XL is a registered trademark of Pioneer. XL brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. ** Phoenix is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. Phoenix brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc.

11 Central Indiana Region 3 Performance Summary (continued) Dollar advantage per acre is calculated using $4.15/Bu. pricing and drying costs of $0.04 per point of moisture per bushel. BECK EX 1423 (6158 *) BECK 6175AM * Yrs Plots Brand % Moist. $/Acre Adv. Yrs Plots Brand % Moist. $/Acre Adv BECK EX 1423 (6158 *) $ BECK 6175AM * $55.46 BECK 6272AM-R * AgriGold A6559STXRIB BECK EX 1423 (6158 *) $ BECK 6175AM * $16.28 AgriGold A6559STXRIB Channel STXRIB BECK EX 1423 (6158 *) $ BECK 6175AM * $52.38 Channel STXRIB Channel STXRIB BECK EX 1423 (6158 *) $ BECK 6175AM * $10.26 Channel STXRIB Dekalb DKC BECK EX 1423 (6158 *) $ BECK 6175AM * $1.56 Dekalb DKC Pioneer P1151AM BECK EX 1423 (6158 *) $ BECK 6175AM * $24.77 Dekalb DKC Pioneer P1352AMXT BECK EX 1423 (6158 *) $ BECK 6175AM * $8.90 Dekalb DKC Pioneer P1498HR BECK 6272AM-R * BECK EX 1434 (6365 *) Yrs Plots Brand % Moist. $/Acre Adv. Yrs Plots Brand % Moist. $/Acre Adv BECK 6272AM-R * $ BECK EX 1434 (6365 *) $26.87 Phoenix 5552EZ** AgriGold A6496STXRIB BECK 6272AM-R * $ BECK EX 1434 (6365 *) $55.13 Phoenix 5842EZ** Channel STXRIB BECK 6272AM-R * $ BECK EX 1434 (6365 *) $45.69 BECK 6175AMXT * Dekalb DKC BECK 6272AM-R * $ BECK EX 1434 (6365 *) $14.02 BECK 6348A Dekalb DKC BECK 6272AM-R * $ BECK EX 1434 (6365 *) $28.90 AgriGold A6559STXRIB Pioneer P1257AMXT BECK 6272AM-R * $ BECK EX 1434 (6365 *) $33.57 Dekalb DKC Pioneer P1339AM BECK 6272AM-R * $ BECK EX 1434 (6365 *) $67.24 Pioneer P0993AM Pioneer P1352AMXT BECK 6272AM-R * $ BECK EX 1434 (6365 *) $24.49 Pioneer P1352AMXT Pioneer P1360HR * XL is a registered trademark of Pioneer. XL brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. ** Phoenix is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. Phoenix brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. 11

12 BECK 5140HR * West Central Ohio Region 4 Performance Summary Dollar advantage per acre is calculated using $4.15/Bu. pricing and drying costs of $0.04 per point of moisture per bushel. BECK 5385A3 Yrs Plots Brand % Moist. $/Acre Adv. Yrs Plots Brand % Moist. $/Acre Adv BECK 5140HR * $ BECK 5385A $40.54 AgriGold A6408VT3Pro BECK 5435AMX-R BECK 5140HR * $ BECK 5385A $63.07 Channel STXRIB AgriGold A6533VT3PRO BECK 5140HR * $ BECK 5385A $25.81 Dekalb DKC Dekalb DKC BECK 5140HR * $ BECK 5385A $51.03 Dekalb DKC Dekalb DKC BECK 5140HR * $ BECK 5385A $40.53 Dekalb DKC Pioneer P0636AMX BECK 5140HR * $ BECK 5385A $22.68 Pioneer P0216HR Pioneer P0987AM BECK 5140HR * $ BECK 5385A $17.76 Pioneer P0636AMX Pioneer P1215AM BECK 5475AM * BECK EX 1420 (5939 *) Yrs Plots Brand % Moist. $/Acre Adv. Yrs Plots Brand % Moist. $/Acre Adv BECK 5475AM * $ BECK EX 1420 (5939 *) $28.19 Phoenix 5842EZ** BECK 5246HR * BECK 5475AM * $ BECK EX 1420 (5939 *) $15.07 AgriGold A6408VT3Pro AgriGold A6408VT3Pro BECK 5475AM * $ BECK EX 1420 (5939 *) $9.29 AgriGold A6533VT3Pro Dekalb DKC BECK 5475AM * $ BECK EX 1420 (5939 *) $67.97 Dekalb DKC Dekalb DKC BECK 5475AM * $ BECK EX 1420 (5939 *) $65.99 Dekalb DKC Pioneer P0636AMX BECK 5475AM * $ BECK EX 1420 (5939 *) $38.54 Pioneer P0636AMX Pioneer P0987AM BECK 5475AM * $ BECK EX 1420 (5939 *) $32.57 Pioneer P0987AM Pioneer P1105AM BECK 5475AM * $ BECK EX 1420 (5939 *) $6.33 Pioneer P1105AM Pioneer P1215AM * XL is a registered trademark of Pioneer. XL brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. ** Phoenix is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. Phoenix brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc.

13 West Central Ohio Region 4 Performance Summary (continued) Dollar advantage per acre is calculated using $4.15/Bu. pricing and drying costs of $0.04 per point of moisture per bushel. BECK 5828AM * BECK EX 1423 (6158 *) Yrs Plots Brand % Moist. $/Acre Adv. Yrs Plots Brand % Moist. $/Acre Adv BECK 5828AM * $ BECK EX 1423 (6158 *) $12.22 AgriGold A6442STXRIB Phoenix 5832A3** BECK 5828AM * $ BECK EX 1423 (6158 *) $19.96 Channel STXRIB AgriGold A6496STXRIB BECK 5828AM * $ BECK EX 1423 (6158 *) $24.59 Channel STXRIB AgriGold A6559STXRIB BECK 5828AM * $ BECK EX 1423 (6158 *) $5.68 Dekalb DKC Channel STXRIB BECK 5828AM * $ BECK EX 1423 (6158 *) $60.14 Dekalb DKC Channel STXRIB BECK 5828AM * $ BECK EX 1423 (6158 *) $17.43 Pioneer P0993AM Dekalb DKC BECK 5828AM * $ BECK EX 1423 (6158 *) $40.17 Pioneer P1105AM Dekalb DKC BECK 6175AM * BECK 6348A3 Yrs Plots Brand % Moist. $/Acre Adv. Yrs Plots Brand % Moist. $/Acre Adv BECK 6175AM * $ BECK 6348A $22.30 AgriGold A6533VT3Pro AgriGold A6533VT3Pro BECK 6175AM * $ BECK 6348A $22.40 Channel STXRIB Channel STXRIB BECK 6175AM * $ BECK 6348A $34.65 Dekalb DKC Channel STXRIB BECK 6175AM * $ BECK 6348A $9.40 Dekalb DKC Dekalb DKC BECK 6175AM * $ BECK 6348A $ Pioneer P1105AM Pioneer P1105AM BECK 6175AM * $ BECK 6348A $19.49 Pioneer P1184AM Pioneer P1257AMXT BECK 6175AM * $ BECK 6348A $28.77 Pioneer P1360AM Pioneer P1319AM BECK 6175AM * $ BECK 6348A $53.52 Pioneer P1498HR Pioneer P1360HR * XL is a registered trademark of Pioneer. XL brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. ** Phoenix is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. Phoenix brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. 13

14 So. Illinois, So. Indiana, and Central Missouri Region 5 & 7 Performance Summary BECK 5828AM * Dollar advantage per acre is calculated using $4.15/Bu. pricing and drying costs of $0.04 per point of moisture per bushel. Phoenix 5832A3** Yrs Plots Brand % Moist. $/Acre Adv. Yrs Plots Brand % Moist. $/Acre Adv BECK 5828AM * $ Phoenix 5832A3** $24.61 BECK 6272AM-R AgriGold A6559STXRIB BECK 5828AM * $ Phoenix 5832A3** $20.53 Dekalb DKC Channel STXRIB BECK 5828AM * $ Phoenix 5832A3** $29.38 Dekalb DKC Channel STXRIB BECK 5828AM * $ Phoenix 5832A3** $31.15 Pioneer P1023AM Dekalb DKC BECK 5828AM * $ Phoenix 5832A3** $ Pioneer P1105AM Pioneer P1352AMXT BECK 5828AM * $ Phoenix 5832A3** $61.28 Pioneer P1360AM Pioneer P1105AM BECK 5828AM * $ Phoenix 5832A3** $53.87 Pioneer P1498AM Pioneer P1257AMXT BECK EX 1423 (6158 *) BECK 6175AM * Yrs Plots Brand % Moist. $/Acre Adv. Yrs Plots Brand % Moist. $/Acre Adv BECK EX 1423 (6158 *) $ BECK 6175AM * $24.45 BECK 6272AM-R * AgriGold A6533VT3Pro BECK EX 1423 (6158 *) $ BECK 6175AM * $16.81 AgriGold A6496STXRIB Dekalb DKC BECK EX 1423 (6158 *) $ BECK 6175AM * $3.39 AgriGold A6559STXRIB Pioneer P0993AM BECK EX 1423 (6158 *) $ BECK 6175AM * $40.12 Channel STXRIB Pioneer P1023AM BECK EX 1423 (6158 *) $ BECK 6175AM * $14.95 Channel STXRIB Pioneer P1105AM BECK EX 1423 (6158 *) $ BECK 6175AM * $16.55 Dekalb DKC Pioneer P1257AMXT BECK EX 1423 (6158 *) $ BECK 6175AM * $64.24 Dekalb DKC Pioneer P1352AMXT BECK EX 1423 (6158 *) $ BECK 6175AM * $36.64 Dekalb DKC Pioneer P1360AM * XL is a registered trademark of Pioneer. XL brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. ** Phoenix is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. Phoenix brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc.

15 So. Illinois, So. Indiana, and Central Missouri Region 5 & 7 Performance Summary (continued) Dollar advantage per acre is calculated using $4.15/Bu. pricing and drying costs of $0.04 per point of moisture per bushel. BECK 6272AM-R * BECK EX 8361 (6347) Yrs Plots Brand % Moist. $/Acre Adv. Yrs Plots Brand % Moist. $/Acre Adv BECK 6272AM-R * $ BECK EX 8361 (6347) $48.38 Phoenix 5842EZ** BECK 6626AMX-R * BECK 6272AM-R * $ BECK EX 8361 (6347) $55.31 AgriGold A6422VT3PRO BECK 6575HR * BECK 6272AM-R * $ BECK EX 8361 (6347) $23.93 Channel STXRIB AgriGold A6533VT3Pro BECK 6272AM-R * $ BECK EX 8361 (6347) $26.63 Pioneer P0993AM Channel STXRIB BECK 6272AM-R * $ BECK EX 8361 (6347) $8.90 Pioneer P1105AM Pioneer P1105AM BECK 6272AM-R * $ BECK EX 8361 (6347) $18.27 Pioneer P1215AM Pioneer P1215AM BECK 6272AM-R * $ BECK EX 8361 (6347) $9.36 Pioneer P1352AMXT Pioneer P1498AM BECK EX 1434 (6365 *) BECK 6948A3 Yrs Plots Brand % Moist. $/Acre Adv. Yrs Plots Brand % Moist. $/Acre Adv BECK EX 1434 (6365 *) $ BECK 6948A $56.67 AgriGold A6533VT3Pro AgriGold A6533VT3PRO BECK EX 1434 (6365 *) $ BECK 6948A $8.83 AgriGold A6559STXRIB AgriGold A6559STXRIB BECK EX 1434 (6365 *) $ BECK 6948A $10.07 Channel STXRIB Channel STXRIB BECK EX 1434 (6365 *) $ BECK 6948A $29.34 Channel STXRIB Channel STXRIB BECK EX 1434 (6365 *) $ BECK 6948A $9.73 Dekalb DKC Dekalb DKC BECK EX 1434 (6365 *) $ BECK 6948A $22.02 Dekalb DKC Dekalb DKC BECK EX 1434 (6365 *) $ BECK 6948A $6.85 Pioneer P1105AM Pioneer P1360AM BECK EX 1434 (6365 *) $ BECK 6948A $4.28 Pioneer P1257AMXT Pioneer P1498AM * XL is a registered trademark of Pioneer. XL brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. ** Phoenix is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. Phoenix brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. 15

16 So. Missouri, Kentucky, and Tennessee Region 6 & 7 Performance Summary BECK 5828AM * Dollar advantage per acre is calculated using $4.15/Bu. pricing and drying costs of $0.04 per point of moisture per bushel. Phoenix 5832A3** Yrs Plots Brand % Moist. $/Acre Adv. Yrs Plots Brand % Moist. $/Acre Adv BECK 5828AM * $ Phoenix 5832A3** $5.59 AgriGold A6442STXRIB BECK 6175AMXT * BECK 5828AM * $ Phoenix 5832A3** $2.58 Channel STXRIB AgriGold A6533VT3Pro BECK 5828AM * $ Phoenix 5832A3** $16.32 Channel STXRIB AgriGold A6442STXRIB BECK 5828AM * $ Phoenix 5832A3** $9.89 Channel STXRIB Channel STXRIB BECK 5828AM * $ Phoenix 5832A3** $4.91 Dekalb DKC Channel STXRIB BECK 5828AM * $ Phoenix 5832A3** $13.17 Pioneer P0993AM Channel STXRIB BECK 5828AM * $ Phoenix 5832A3** $97.86 Pioneer P1105AM Pioneer P1352AMXT BECK 6175AM * BECK 6272AM-R * Yrs Plots Brand % Moist. $/Acre Adv. Yrs Plots Brand % Moist. $/Acre Adv BECK 6175AM * $ BECK 6272AM-R * $14.97 AgriGold A6442STXRIB Phoenix 5842EZ** BECK 6175AM * $ BECK 6272AM-R * $30.76 AgriGold A6533VT3Pro AgriGold A6442STXRIB BECK 6175AM * $ BECK 6272AM-R * $39.57 Channel STXRIB Channel STXRIB BECK 6175AM * $ BECK 6272AM-R * $12.76 Channel STXRIB Channel STXRIB BECK 6175AM * $ BECK 6272AM-R * $14.53 Channel VT2P Channel STXRIB BECK 6175AM * $ BECK 6272AM-R * $5.76 Dekalb DKC Pioneer P0993AM BECK 6175AM * $ BECK 6272AM-R * $0.64 Pioneer P1319AM Pioneer P1105AM BECK 6175AM * $ BECK 6272AM-R * $11.50 Pioneer P1498AM Pioneer P1339AM * XL is a registered trademark of Pioneer. XL brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. ** Phoenix is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. Phoenix brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc.

17 So. Missouri, Kentucky, and Tennessee Region 6 & 7 Performance Summary (continued) Dollar advantage per acre is calculated using $4.15/Bu. pricing and drying costs of $0.04 per point of moisture per bushel. BECK EX 8361 (6347) BECK EX 1434 (6365 *) Yrs Plots Brand % Moist. $/Acre Adv. Yrs Plots Brand % Moist. $/Acre Adv BECK EX 8361 (6347) $ BECK EX 1434 (6365 *) $20.56 BECK 5828AM * AgriGold A6496STXRIB BECK EX 8361 (6347) $ BECK EX 1434 (6365 *) $24.71 Phoenix 5552EZ** AgriGold A6559STXRIB BECK EX 8361 (6347) $ BECK EX 1434 (6365 *) $67.96 Phoenix 5842EZ** Channel STXRIB BECK EX 8361 (6347) $ BECK EX 1434 (6365 *) $28.58 AgriGold A6442STXRIB Channel STXRIB BECK EX 8361 (6347) $ BECK EX 1434 (6365 *) $19.19 Channel STXRIB Dekalb DKC BECK EX 8361 (6347) $ BECK EX 1434 (6365 *) $52.79 Channel STXRIB Pioneer P1105AM BECK EX 8361 (6347) $ BECK EX 1434 (6365 *) $29.72 Pioneer P1498AM Pioneer P2088AMX BECK 6948A3 BECK EX 2425 (6873 *) Yrs Plots Brand % Moist. $/Acre Adv. Yrs Plots Brand % Moist. $/Acre Adv BECK 6948A $ BECK EX 2425 (6873 *) $39.62 AgriGold A6533VT3Pro BECK 6967VR BECK 6948A $ BECK EX 2425 (6873 *) $6.74 AgriGold A6559STXRIB Channel STXRIB BECK 6948A $ BECK EX 2425 (6873 *) $14.17 Channel STXRIB Dekalb DKC BECK 6948A $ BECK EX 2425 (6873 *) $3.30 Channel STXRIB Dekalb DKC BECK 6948A $ BECK EX 2425 (6873 *) $64.91 Dekalb DKC Pioneer P1319HR BECK 6948A $ BECK EX 2425 (6873 *) $21.71 Dekalb DKC Pioneer P1360AM BECK 6948A $ BECK EX 2425 (6873 *) $9.88 Pioneer P1498AM Pioneer P1498HR BECK 6948A $ BECK EX 2425 (6873 *) $6.70 Pioneer P2088AMX Pioneer P2088AMX * XL is a registered trademark of Pioneer. XL brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. ** Phoenix is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. Phoenix brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. 17

18 Northern Missouri and Iowa Region 8 & 9 Performance Summary Dollar advantage per acre is calculated using $4.15/Bu. pricing and drying costs of $0.04 per point of moisture per bushel. BECK 5131AM * BECK EX 1473 (5852) Yrs Plots Brand % Moist. $/Acre Adv. Yrs Plots Brand % Moist. $/Acre Adv BECK 5131AM * $ BECK EX 1473 (5852) $53.48 BECK 5114A BECK 5475AM * BECK 5131AM * $ BECK EX 1473 (5852) $88.72 AgriGold A6408VT3PRO AgriGold A6408VT3Pro BECK 5131AM * $ BECK EX 1473 (5852) $63.13 Dekalb DKC Dekalb DKC BECK 5131AM * $ BECK EX 1473 (5852) $58.33 Dekalb DKC Dekalb DKC BECK 5131AM * $ BECK EX 1473 (5852) $26.27 Pioneer P0636AMX Pioneer P0636AMX BECK 5131AM * $ BECK EX 1473 (5852) $65.91 Pioneer P0987AM Pioneer P0987AM BECK 5131AM * $ BECK EX 1473 (5852) $24.56 Pioneer P0993AM Pioneer P0993AM BECK EX1420 (5939 *) BECK 5509A3 Yrs Plots Brand % Moist. $/Acre Adv. Yrs Plots Brand % Moist. $/Acre Adv BECK EX1420 (5939 *) $ BECK 5509A $37.96 BECK 6175AMXT * AgriGold A6533VT3Pro BECK EX1420 (5939 *) $ BECK 5509A $11.53 AgriGold A6408VT3PRO Channel STXRIB BECK EX1420 (5939 *) $ BECK 5509A $5.16 Channel STXRIB Dekalb DKC BECK EX1420 (5939 *) $ BECK 5509A $66.34 Dekalb DKC Pioneer P0993AM BECK EX1420 (5939 *) $ BECK 5509A $0.79 Pioneer P0987AM Pioneer P1105AM BECK EX1420 (5939 *) $ BECK 5509A $16.90 Pioneer P0993AM Pioneer P1151AM BECK EX1420 (5939 *) $ BECK 5509A $24.77 Pioneer P1151AM Pioneer P1215AM BECK EX1420 (5939 *) $ BECK 5509A $24.36 Pioneer P1215AM Pioneer P1352AMXT * XL is a registered trademark of Pioneer. XL brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. ** Phoenix is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. Phoenix brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc.

19 Northern Missouri and Iowa Region 8 & 9 Performance Summary (continued) Dollar advantage per acre is calculated using $4.15/Bu. pricing and drying costs of $0.04 per point of moisture per bushel. BECK 5828AMX * Phoenix 5832A3** Yrs Plots Brand % Moist. $/Acre Adv. Yrs Plots Brand % Moist. $/Acre Adv BECK 5828AMX * $ Phoenix 5832A3** $29.18 AgriGold A6442STXRIB AgriGold A6496STXRIB BECK 5828AMX * $ Phoenix 5832A3** $10.54 Channel STXRIB AgriGold A6559STXRIB BECK 5828AMX * $ Phoenix 5832A3** $26.29 Dekalb DKC Channel STXRIB BECK 5828AMX * $ Phoenix 5832A3** $38.83 Dekalb DKC Dekalb DKC BECK 5828AMX * $ Phoenix 5832A3** $8.26 Dekalb DKC Dekalb DKC BECK 5828AMX * $ Phoenix 5832A3** $58.44 Dekalb DKC Pioneer P1215AM BECK 5828AMX * $ Phoenix 5832A3** $18.70 Pioneer P1257AMXT Pioneer P1257AMXT BECK 6175AM * BECK EX 1434 (6365 *) Yrs Plots Brand % Moist. $/Acre Adv. Yrs Plots Brand % Moist. $/Acre Adv BECK 6175AM * $ BECK EX 1434 (6365 *) $47.75 Channel STXRIB BECK 6626AM-R * BECK 6175AM * $ BECK EX 1434 (6365 *) $73.90 Channel STXRIB AgriGold A6559STXRIB BECK 6175AM * $ BECK EX 1434 (6365 *) $90.42 Dekalb DKC Channel STXRIB BECK 6175AM * $ BECK EX 1434 (6365 *) $38.69 Dekalb DKC Dekalb DKC BECK 6175AM * $ BECK EX 1434 (6365 *) $59.09 Pioneer P1215AM Dekalb DKC BECK 6175AM * $ BECK EX 1434 (6365 *) $54.79 Pioneer P1257AMXT Pioneer P1257AMXT BECK 6175AM * $ BECK EX 1434 (6365 *) $63.45 Pioneer P1352AMXT Pioneer P1339AM BECK 6175AM * $ BECK EX 1434 (6365 *) $58.85 Pioneer P1360HR Pioneer P1360HR * XL is a registered trademark of Pioneer. XL brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. ** Phoenix is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. Phoenix brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. 19

20 2014 Independent Test Results 2014 Independent Test Results F.I.R.S.T. CORN Brand Test/Location %Mois. Rank Beck 5828AM * MONE - Palmyra, MO th out of 36 Beck 5828AMX * ILEC - Towanda, IL th out of 54 Beck 5828AM * MONE - Danville, MO rd out of 36 Beck 5939AMXT * ILEC - Paxton, IL th out of 54 Beck 5939AMXT * ILEC - Watseka, IL th out of 54 Beck 5939AMXT * ILWC - Macomb, IL th out of 54 Beck 5828AMX * ILEC - Forsyth, IL th out of 54 Beck 5828AMX * ILWC - Delavan, IL th out of 54 Beck 5828AMX * ILWC - Early Summary st out of 54 Beck 5828AMX * ILWC - Virden, IL nd out of 54 Beck 5828AMX * ILWC - Clayton, IL st out of 54 Beck 5828AM * INCE - Spiceland, IN th out of 60 Beck 5939AMXT * ILNO - Winnebago, IL th out of 60 Beck 6175AMX * INSO - Grammer, IN th out of 36 Beck 5828AM * ILSO - Belleville, IL nd out of 54 Beck 6175AM * ILSO - Belleville, IL th out of 54 Beck 5131AM * OHNW - Fayette, OH nd out of 36 Beck 5828AM * ILNO - Full Season Summary st out of 60 University of Illinois CORN Brand Test/Location %Mois. Rank Beck 5828AMX * East Central IL - Dwight, IL th out of 96 Phoenix 6542A4** East Central IL - Goodfield, IL rd out of 96 Beck 5828AMX * East Central IL - Goodfield, IL th out of 96 Beck 6365AMX * East Central IL - Goodfield, IL th out of 96 Beck 6365AMX * East Central IL - Urbana, IL st out of 96 Beck 6365AMX * East Central Region Summary nd out of 96 Beck 5828AMX * East Central Region Summary th out of 96 Beck 6365AMX * West Central Region Summary st out of 108 Beck 6365AMX * West Central IL - Monmouth, IL st out of 108 Beck 6365AMX * West Central IL - New Berlin, IL rd out of 108 Phoenix 5832A3** South Region Summary nd out of 71 Beck 6365AMX * South Region Summary rd out of 71 Phoenix 5832A3** Southern IL - St. Peter, IL rd out of 71 Beck 5828AMX * Southern IL - St. Peter, IL th out of 71 Beck 6365AMX * Southern IL - Belleville, IL rd out of 71 Phoenix 5832A3** Southern IL - Belleville, IL th out of 71 Beck 5828AMX * North Region Summary rd out of 105 Beck 5828AMX * Northern IL - Mt. Morris, IL nd out of 105 Beck 5828AMX * Northern IL - Erie, IL nd out of 105 University of Missouri CORN Brand Test/Location %Mois. Rank Beck 6626AM * Southeast Region - Portageville, MO st out of 123 Soy Capital Ag Services CORN Brand Test/Location %Mois. Rank Beck 5828AMX * North Central IL - Chebanse, IL th out of 44 Phoenix 6542A4 ** South Central IL - Decatur, IL th out of 42 Beck 5828AMX * North Central IL - Mendota, IL th out of 59 Beck 5852D2 South Central IL - Atlanta, IL th out of 55 Beck 6365AMX * South Central IL - Adair, IL nd out of 43 Busey Ag Services CORN Brand Test/Location %Mois. Rank Beck 6365AMXT * Sullivan, IL th out of 18 Beck 6365AMXT * Stonington, IL rd out of 18 Beck 6365AMXT * Ivesdale, IL nd out of * XL brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. XL is a registered trademark of Pioneer. **Phoenix brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. Phoenix is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company.

21 2014 Independent Test Results - Continued Purdue CORN Brand Test/Location %Mois. Rank Beck 5828AM * Southern Early/Washington, IN th out of 33 Beck 6347VR Southern Late/ Washington, IN nd out of 44 Beck 5828AM * Southern Early/Shelburn, IN st out of 33 Beck 6626AM * Southern Late/Shelburn, IN rd out of 44 Beck 6626AM * Southern Late/Evansville, IN st out of 44 Wheat Tech CORN Brand Test/Location Rank Beck 6347VR Warren County summary nd out of 86 Beck 6175AM * Todd County summary nd out of 86 Beck 6626AM * Todd County summary rd out of 86 Phoenix 6542A4** Todd County summary th out of 86 Beck 6175AM * Gibson County summary th out of 86 Beck 5828AMX * Gibson County summary th out of 86 Beck 6948A3 Gibson County summary th out of 86 Beck 5828AMX * Five Location Average, Early Group st out of 19 Beck 6175AM * Five Location Average, Medium Group st out of 22 Phoenix 6542A4** Five Location Average, Late Group rd out of 20 Iowa State University CORN Brand Test/Location %Mois. Rank Beck 6365AMX * Full Season, Central District Summary th out of 70 Beck 5828AMX * Full Season, Central District Summary th out of 70 Beck 6365AMX * Full Season, Southern District Summary st out of 55 University of Kentucky CORN Brand Test/Location %Mois. Rank Beck 5828AM * Early Season Summary th out of 44 Beck 6626AM * Mid Season Summary nd out of 91 Beck 6175AM * Mid Season Summary th out of 91 University of Tennessee CORN Brand Test/Location Rank Beck 6175AM * Springfield Irrigated nd out of 54 Beck 5828AM * Springfield Irrigated rd out of 54 Beck 6175AM * Springfield Non- irrigated nd out of 54 Beck 6175AM * Milan Irrigated th out of 54 Soy Capital Ag Services SOYBEANS Brand Test/Location %Mois. Rank Beck 313NL Liberty Link/Atlanta, IL st out of 10 Beck 354L4 Liberty Link/Atlanta, IL nd out of 10 Beck 366L4 Liberty Link/Atlanta, IL th out of 10 Beck 366L4 Liberty Link/Gilman, IL st out of 12 Beck 313NL Liberty Link/Gilman, IL nd out of 12 Beck 354L4 Liberty Link/Macomb, IL st out of 10 Beck 394L4 Liberty Link/Macomb, IL nd out of 10 Beck 354L4 Liberty Link/Mendota, IL st out of 12 Beck 366L4 Liberty Link/Mendota, IL rd out of 12 Beck 312R4 * Roundup/Mendota, IL nd out of 60 Beck 366L4 Liberty Link/Chrisman, IL st out of 10 Beck 394L4 Liberty Link/Chrisman, IL nd out of 10 Ohio State University SOYBEANS Brand Test/Location Rank Beck 354L4 Central Region, Delaware County nd out of 90 Beck 366L4 Central Region, Delaware County th out of 90 * XL brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. XL is a registered trademark of Pioneer. **Phoenix brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. Phoenix is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. 21

22 SOYBEAN COMPARISONS SUMMARY Multi-Year Yield Comparisons of Various Products (Includes Farmer Plots, BECK'S Research, and University Data) BECK 238L4 BECK 265NL Yrs Plots Brand in Yield Yrs Plots Brand in Yield 3 31 BECK 238L BECK 265NL BECK 229NR * 55.3 BECK 229NR * BECK 238L BECK 265NL BECK 265NL 58.6 BECK 241NR * BECK 238L BECK 265NL Asgrow AG BECK BECK 238L BECK 265NL Asgrow AG BECK 294NR * BECK 238L BECK 265NL Asgrow AG Asgrow AG BECK 238L BECK 265NL Croplan R2C Asgrow AG BECK 238L BECK 265NL Pioneer 26T76R 59.0 Channel 2800R BECK 238L BECK 265NL Pioneer 29T68PR 58.1 NK S28-U BECK 298L4 Yrs Plots Brand in Yield Yrs Plots Brand in Yield 3 82 BECK 298L BECK 313NL BECK 294NR * 60.8 BECK 294NR * BECK 298L BECK 313NL BECK 312R4 * 61.5 BECK 335NR * BECK 298L BECK 313NL Asgrow AG Asgrow AG BECK 298L BECK 313NL Asgrow AG Asgrow AG BECK 298L BECK 313NL Asgrow AG Pioneer 29T68PR BECK 298L BECK 313NL Croplan R2C Pioneer 93Y BECK 298L BECK 313NL Pioneer 29T68PR 58.1 Pioneer 93Y BECK 298L BECK 313NL Pioneer 92Y Pioneer 93Y * XL brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. XL is a registered trademark of Pioneer. BECK 313NL 22

23 SOYBEAN COMPARISONS (continued) BECK 337L4 Comparisons BECK 349L4 Comparisons Yrs Plots Brand in Yield Yrs Plots Brand in Yield 1 20 BECK 337L BECK 349L Asgrow AG BECK 313NL BECK 337L BECK 349L Asgrow AG BECK 358R4 * BECK 337L BECK 349L Asgrow AG BECK 372NL BECK 337L BECK 349L Pioneer 33T01R Asgrow AG BECK 337L BECK 349L Pioneer 33T89R 65.5 Croplan R2C BECK 337L BECK 349L Pioneer 34T35L 66.8 Pioneer 32T80PR BECK 337L BECK 349L Pioneer 35T97R Pioneer 33T01R BECK 337L BECK 349L NK S34-N Pioneer 33T89R 65.5 BECK 354L4 Comparisons BECK 379L4 Comparisons Yrs Plots Brand in Yield Yrs Plots Brand in Yield 2 26 BECK 354L BECK 379L Asgrow AG BECK 372NL BECK 354L BECK 379L Asgrow AG BECK 375NR * BECK 354L BECK 379L Asgrow AG Asgrow AG BECK 354L BECK 379L Channel 3303R Croplan R2C BECK 354L BECK 379L Channel 3402R Pioneer 34T35L BECK 354L BECK 379L Pioneer 33T01R NK S35-C BECK 354L BECK 379L Pioneer 33T89R 65.5 NK S38-W BECK 354L BECK 379L Pioneer 34T35L 65.6 NK S39-U * XL brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. XL is a registered trademark of Pioneer. 23

24 SOYBEAN COMPARISONS (continued) BECK 366L4 Comparisons BECK 394L4 Comparisons 24 Yrs Plots Brand in Yield Yrs Plots Brand in Yield 2 46 BECK 366L BECK 394L BECK 375NR * 60.3 BECK 366L BECK 366L BECK 394L Asgrow AG Asgrow AG BECK 366L BECK 394L Asgrow AG Asgrow AG BECK 366L BECK 394L Asgrow AG Asgrow AG BECK 366L BECK 394L Asgrow AG Asgrow AG BECK 366L BECK 394L Asgrow AG Asgrow AG BECK 366L BECK 394L Channel 3303R Croplan R2C BECK 366L BECK 394L Channel 3402R Croplan R2C BECK 366L BECK 394L Croplan R2C Pioneer 35T58R BECK 366L BECK 394L Pioneer 34T07R Pioneer 35T97R BECK 366L BECK 394L Pioneer 34T35L 64.4 Pioneer 39T67R BECK 366L BECK 394L Pioneer 35T58R 69.5 Pioneer 93Y BECK 366L BECK 394L Pioneer 35T97R Pioneer 94Y BECK 366L BECK 394L Pioneer 39T67R 71.8 Pioneer 94Y BECK 366L BECK 394L NK S35-C NK S38-W BECK 366L BECK 394L NK S38-W NK S39-U BECK 366L BECK 394L NK S39-U NK S41-J * XL brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. XL is a registered trademark of Pioneer.

25 SOYBEAN COMPARISONS (continued) BECK 419L4 Comparisons BECK 423NL Comparisons Yrs Plots Brand in Yield Yrs Plots Brand in Yield 1 20 BECK 419L BECK 423NL BECK 372NL 59.7 BECK 444NR * BECK 419L BECK 423NL BECK 379L BECK 449L BECK 419L BECK 423NL BECK 423NL 62.8 Asgrow AG BECK 419L BECK 423NL BECK 444NR * 59.0 Croplan R2C BECK 419L BECK 423NL Croplan R2C Pioneer 94Y BECK 419L BECK 423NL Pioneer 44T82SR 56.6 Stine 41LD BECK 419L BECK 423NL NK S38-W Stine 42LD BECK 419L BECK 423NL NK S39-U Stine 44LD BECK 449L4 Comparisons BECK 522L4 Comparisons Yrs Plots Brand in Yield Yrs Plots Brand in Yield 1 13 BECK 449L BECK 522L BECK 393R4 * 60.6 BECK 457R4 * BECK 449L BECK 522L BECK 419L BECK 459L BECK 449L BECK 522L BECK 425R4 * 59.6 BECK 477NR * BECK 449L BECK 522L BECK 444NR * 59.8 BECK 483NL BECK 449L BECK 522L BECK 459L BECK 495NR * BECK 449L BECK 522L BECK 485R2 * 68.4 BECK 511R4 * BECK 449L BECK 522L BECK 493R4 * 66.8 Delta Grow DG5461LL BECK 449L BECK 522L BECK 522L Hornbeck HBK LL * XL brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. XL is a registered trademark of Pioneer. 25

26 SOYBEAN COMPARISONS (continued) BECK 233R4 * Comparisons BECK 241NR * Comparisons Yrs Plots Brand in Yield Yrs Plots Brand in Yield 3 79 BECK 233R4 * BECK 241NR * BECK 229NR * 57.3 BECK 229NR * BECK 233R4 * BECK 241NR * Asgrow AG Asgrow AG BECK 233R4 * BECK 241NR * Asgrow AG Asgrow AG BECK 233R4 * BECK 241NR * Asgrow AG Asgrow AG BECK 233R4 * BECK 241NR * Asgrow AG Asgrow AG BECK 233R4 * BECK 241NR * Asgrow AG Asgrow AG BECK 233R4 * BECK 241NR * Asgrow AG Channel 2800R BECK 233R4 * BECK 241NR * Pioneer 92Y Pioneer 92Y BECK 278R4 * Comparisons BECK 294NR * Comparisons 26 Yrs Plots Brand in Yield Yrs Plots Brand in Yield BECK 278R4 * BECK 294NR * BECK 294NR * 60.6 Asgrow AG BECK 278R4 * BECK 294NR * Asgrow AG Asgrow AG BECK 278R4 * BECK 294NR * Asgrow AG Asgrow AG BECK 278R4 * BECK 294NR * Asgrow AG Channel 2800R BECK 278R4 * BECK 294NR * Channel 2800R Croplan R2C BECK 278R4 * BECK 294NR * Channel 3008R Pioneer 29T68PR BECK 278R4 * BECK 294NR * Pioneer 29T68PR 59.1 Pioneer 92Y BECK 278R4 * BECK 294NR * Pioneer 92Y Pioneer 93Y * XL brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. XL is a registered trademark of Pioneer.

27 SOYBEAN COMPARISONS (continued) BECK 312R4 * Comparisons BECK 328R2 * Comparisons Yrs Plots Brand in Yield Yrs Plots Brand in Yield BECK 312R4 * BECK 328R2 * BECK 294NR * 60.7 BECK 294NR * BECK 312R4 * BECK 328R2 * BECK 328R2 * 64.9 BECK 335NR * BECK 312R4 * BECK 328R2 * BECK 335NR * 61.5 BECK 358R4 * BECK 312R4 * BECK 328R2 * Asgrow AG Asgrow AG BECK 312R4 * BECK 328R2 * Asgrow AG Asgrow AG BECK 312R4 * BECK 328R2 * Asgrow AG Asgrow AG BECK 312R4 * BECK 328R2 * Asgrow AG Channel 2808R BECK 312R4 * BECK 328R2 * Asgrow AG Channel 3008R BECK 312R4 * BECK 328R2 * Channel 3008R Channel 3303R BECK 312R4 * BECK 328R2 * Channel 3303R Channel 3308R BECK 312R4 * BECK 328R2 * Channel 3402R Channel 3408R BECK 312R4 * BECK 328R2 * Croplan R2C Croplan R2C BECK 312R4 * BECK 328R2 * Pioneer 29T68PR 59.8 Croplan R2C BECK 312R4 * BECK 328R2 * Pioneer 33T01R Pioneer 28T33R BECK 312R4 * BECK 328R2 * Pioneer 33T89R 65.0 Pioneer 33T01R BECK 312R4 * BECK 328R2 * Specialty 3494CR Pioneer 33T89R BECK 312R4 * BECK 328R2 * NK S34-N Pioneer 93Y * XL brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. XL is a registered trademark of Pioneer. 27

28 SOYBEAN COMPARISONS (continued) BECK 335NR * Comparisons BECK 358R4 * Comparisons Yrs Plots Brand in Yield Yrs Plots Brand in Yield 1 27 BECK 335NR * BECK 358R4 * Asgrow AG BECK 335NR * BECK 335NR * BECK 358R4 * Asgrow AG BECK 375NR * BECK 335NR * BECK 358R4 * Asgrow AG Asgrow AG BECK 335NR * BECK 358R4 * Channel 3303R Asgrow AG BECK 335NR * BECK 358R4 * Channel 3308R Croplan R2C BECK 335NR * BECK 358R4 * Croplan R2C Croplan R2C BECK 335NR * BECK 358R4 * Pioneer 33T89R 62.3 Pioneer 33T89R BECK 335NR * BECK 358R4 * Pioneer 93Y Specialty 3494CR BECK 368NR * Comparisons BECK 384R2 * Comparisons 28 Yrs Plots Brand in Yield Yrs Plots Brand in Yield BECK 368NR * BECK 384R2 * BECK 375NR * 59.9 BECK 358R4 * BECK 368NR * BECK 384R2 * Asgrow AG BECK 368NR * BECK 368NR * BECK 384R2 * Asgrow AG BECK 375NR * BECK 368NR * BECK 384R2 * Asgrow AG BECK 393R4 * BECK 368NR * BECK 384R2 * Channel 3408R BECK 418NR * BECK 368NR * BECK 384R2 * Croplan R2C Channel 3408R BECK 368NR * BECK 384R2 * Dyna-Gro S39RY Croplan R2C BECK 368NR * BECK 384R2 * NK S38-W NK S38-W * XL brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. XL is a registered trademark of Pioneer.

29 SOYBEAN COMPARISONS (continued) BECK 393R4 * Comparisons BECK 418NR * Comparisons Yrs Plots Brand in Yield Yrs Plots Brand in Yield 2 92 BECK 393R4 * BECK 418NR * BECK 368NR * 60.6 Asgrow AG BECK 393R4 * BECK 418NR * Asgrow AG Asgrow AG BECK 393R4 * BECK 418NR * Croplan R2C Asgrow AG BECK 393R4 * BECK 418NR * Dyna-Gro S39RY Asgrow AG BECK 393R4 * BECK 418NR * Pioneer 93Y Croplan R2C BECK 393R4 * BECK 418NR * NK S37-B Croplan R2C BECK 393R4 * BECK 418NR * NK S38-W Pioneer 94Y BECK 393R4 * BECK 418NR * NK S41-J NK S39-U BECK 425R4 * Comparisons BECK 433R2 * Comparisons Yrs Plots Brand in Yield Yrs Plots Brand in Yield 2 59 BECK 425R4 * BECK 433R2 * BECK 444NR * 56.5 BECK 444NR * BECK 425R4 * BECK 433R2 * Asgrow AG Asgrow AG BECK 425R4 * BECK 433R2 * Asgrow AG Asgrow AG BECK 425R4 * BECK 433R2 * Asgrow AG Asgrow AG BECK 425R4 * BECK 433R2 * Asgrow AG Asgrow AG BECK 425R4 * BECK 433R2 * Asgrow AG Pioneer 44T82SR BECK 425R4 * BECK 433R2 * Croplan R2C Pioneer 47T36R BECK 425R4 * BECK 433R2 * Croplan R2C NK S43-K * XL brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. XL is a registered trademark of Pioneer. 29

30 SOYBEAN COMPARISONS (continued) BECK 465R4 * Comparisons BECK 485R2 * Comparisons Yrs Plots Brand in Yield Yrs Plots Brand in Yield 1 41 BECK 465R4 * BECK 485R2 * BECK 444NR * 56.2 BECK 444NR * BECK 465R4 * BECK 485R2 * BECK 477NR * 55.1 BECK 457R4 * BECK 465R4 * BECK 485R2 * BECK 495NR * 54.0 BECK 477NR * BECK 465R4 * BECK 485R2 * Asgrow AG BECK 495NR * BECK 465R4 * BECK 485R2 * Asgrow AG BECK 511R4 * BECK 465R4 * BECK 485R2 * Pioneer 44T82SR 54.8 Asgrow AG BECK 465R4 * BECK 485R2 * Pioneer 48T53R 58.2 Pioneer 48T53R BECK 465R4 * BECK 485R2 * NK S43-K NK S43-K BECK 493R4 * Comparisons BECK 511R4 * Comparisons Yrs Plots Brand in Yield Yrs Plots Brand in Yield 2 19 BECK 493R4 * BECK 511R4 * Asgrow AG BECK 477NR * BECK 493R4 * BECK 511R4 * Asgrow AG BECK 483NL BECK 493R4 * BECK 511R4 * Asgrow AG BECK 495NR * BECK 493R4 * BECK 511R4 * Asgrow AG Armor 53-R BECK 493R4 * BECK 511R4 * Asgrow AG Asgrow AG BECK 493R4 * BECK 511R4 * Asgrow AG Asgrow AG BECK 493R4 * BECK 511R4 * Croplan R2C Pioneer 94Y BECK 493R4 * BECK 511R4 * Pioneer Croplan 94Y82 R2C Terral NK REV S43-K1 52R * XL brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. XL is a registered trademark of Pioneer.

31 SOYBEAN COMPARISONS (continued) BECK 271 Comparisons BECK 331N Comparisons Yrs Plots Brand in Yield Yrs Plots Brand in Yield 2 23 BECK BECK 331N BECK 278R4 * 58.7 BECK 294NR * BECK BECK 331N BECK 294NR * 59.0 BECK 319N BECK BECK 331N BECK Asgrow AG BECK BECK 331N Asgrow AG Pioneer 29T68PR BECK BECK 331N Asgrow AG Pioneer 32T80PR BECK BECK 331N Croplan R2C Pioneer 33T01R BECK BECK 331N Pioneer 26T76R 59.0 Pioneer 33T89R BECK BECK 331N Pioneer 29T68PR 58.1 Pioneer 93Y BECK 389N Comparisons BECK 401 Comparisons Yrs Plots Brand in Yield Yrs Plots Brand in Yield 4 93 BECK 389N BECK BECK 414N 59.0 BECK 414N BECK 389N BECK Asgrow AG Asgrow AG BECK 389N BECK Asgrow AG Asgrow AG BECK 389N BECK Asgrow AG Croplan R2C BECK 389N BECK Croplan R2C Croplan R2C BECK 389N BECK Croplan R2C Pioneer 39T67R BECK 389N BECK NK S36-M Pioneer 44T82SR BECK 389N BECK Croplan NK S38-W4 R2C NK NK S39-U2 S43-K * XL brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. XL is a registered trademark of Pioneer. 31

Having the highest recorded snowfall and frigid temperatures showed no ill effects on our wheat stands.

33 The 2014 season began for us last fall with the seeding of cover crops on September 24th and wheat on October 14th. With the harsh conditions we experienced last winter, there was some concern as to how stands would hold up. Having the highest recorded snowfall and frigid temperatures showed no ill effects on our wheat stands. March was a month of preparation for planting as the cold conditions did not allow us to be in the fields. Rain was the theme for the first two weeks of April, with rainfall totaling 3.13 inches. Wet conditions meant the first planting date Toby Ripberger PFR Coordinator Jason Gahimer CINPFR Operations Lead Lincoln Gaston CINPFR Assistant Corbin Hellwarth CINPFR Assistant wasn t planted until the 18th of April. We had a good week of planting between the 18th and 24th of April, allowing us to plant a third of our corn plots. The office show plot and the 300 bushel attempt were included in this first planting window. The tail end of April brought almost another inch of rain resulting in the total rainfall of 4.09 inches for the month. We got back into the fields on May 2nd and had a good eight-day planting run, planting 60 percent of our bean plots and 45 percent of our corn plots, before getting more rain. Another 3.69 inches of rain fell between the 11th and 17th of May, halting planting once again. During that period, the temperatures dipped down to the lower 40 s which caused PPO injury and Pythium symptoms to arise. We luckily were able to get the last seven corn plots and last six soybean plots planted the final week of May. The total rainfall for May was 3.72 inches, with one rain event totaling 2.07 inches on May 12th. The last planting date entry was planted on June 14th, wrapping up the 2014 first crop planting season. June was spent applying nitrogen and taking care of various study requirements. This, like April and May, was all worked around the rainfall. June saw slightly over four inches of rain. We were able to harvest our first wheat plot on June 29th. Wheat harvest was finished by July 2nd averaging over 100 and double crop soybeans were planted before the 4th of July. During the month of July 2.74 inches of rain fell. Between the rains, we had several strings of nice days in which foliar treatments and final herbicides applications were completed. The month of August ushered in more rain, totaling 5.34 inches over the course of the month. During the three Becknology Days alone, we saw over two inches of rain and one of the hottest days all year. This made for an interesting field show to say the least. The month of September rolled in just like the month of August, but with more rain. Early in the month we were plagued by the deceptive look of corn that appeared dry enough to shell but had much higher moisture readings. We were finally able to start harvest on September 18th, shelling our first corn plot. Soybean harvest was not far behind, as we harvested our first soybean plot on September 23rd. October came and brought with it more rain, totaling 3.15 inches by the end of the month. With only a few nice days, harvest was essentially a waiting game. First crop soybeans were finished on October 18th, and double crops were finished on November 3rd. Corn was finished on October 25th, with our June 14th planting date. Wheat was also drilled on October 25th. This year was quite a success despite battling the weather every step of the way. All applications and field work were completed on time. The extremes in weather did not slow us down one bit during Becknology Days, still providing great information throughout all of our tours. We also had some high yield achievements this fall. We achieved with BECK 368NR * in the 100 Bushel Soybean Attempt for the very first time. We also had five hybrids break 300 bushels in the 300 Bushel Attempt. Overall average yield for corn was 245, and overall average yield for soybeans was 70 Our double crop soybeans also saw an impressive 50 average. Hopefully you take away some useful information from this year s Practical Farm Research book to help improve your own farming practices. If you have any questions or future research suggestions feel free to contact us. We are always glad to hear from you. We also hope to see you at our upcoming winter meetings to provide you with more information on what we are doing at the Central Indiana Practical Farm Research site. 33

34 Central Indiana PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Corn Show Plot PLANTED: April 22, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: September 19, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall V-Rip, Spring S-Tine POPULATION: 30,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 1 qt. Princep 4L, 2.3 qt. Bicep II Magnum ROWS: Three 30 Rows Post: 1.7 qt. Lexar, 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX INSECTICIDE: Escalate, Force 3G Yield Rank Brand Harvested Population Test Weight Broken Stalks Bushels 1 Phoenix 5832A3 ** 29, BECK 6626AM-R * 30, Phoenix 6542A4 ** 29, BECK EX 1423 (6158 Genetics) * 29, BECK EX 1311 (6140 Genetics) * 27, BECK 6348A3 28, BECK 5385A3 30, BECK 5140HR * 30, Phoenix 5552EZ ** 28, BECK EX 1434 (6365 Genetics) * 28, BECK 5475AMXT * 29, BECK 6175AMXT * 30, BECK EX 8361 (6347 Genetics) 29, BECK EX 1420 (5939 Genetics) * 28, BECK 6272AM-R * 30, BECK 5509A3 31, BECK 5828AMX * 29, BECK EX 1409 (4721 Genetics) * 28, BECK EX 1473 (5852 Genetics) 30, BECK 5131AM * 29, BECK 4321AM * 28, AVERAGE 29, * ** Phoenix brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. Phoenix is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. and test weight corrected to 15% moisture. 34 Central Indiana PFR Operations Lead, Jason Gahimer, planting the corn show plot.

Rainfall in Inches 4.09 3.72 4.04 2.74 5.34 19.

Various HERBICIDE: Pre: 1 qt. Princep 4L, 2.3 qt. Bicep II Magnum ROWS: Various Post: 1.7 qt. Lexar, 1 qt.

35 Rainfall in Inches Central Indiana PFR BECK S Ultra High Population & Row Width Study PLANTED: May 23, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 17, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Disc/V-Rip, Spring S-Tine POPULATION: Various HERBICIDE: Pre: 1 qt. Princep 4L, 2.3 qt. Bicep II Magnum ROWS: Various Post: 1.7 qt. Lexar, 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) Agricultural researchers and farmers are constantly looking for ways to pack more yield on every acre of land. In this study, we compare an ultra high population (60,000 seeds/a.) in twin 20 in. rows to a normal population (34,000 seeds/a.) in 30 in. rows to measure the differences in yield and returns from each method. We compared two popular BECK XL brand hybrids to two Stine brand hybrids that have been selected to perform better in higher population environments. Brand Row Width & Population (seeds/a.) Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment BECK 6175AMXT * 30 34, $ BECK 6175AMXT * Twin 20 in.@ 60, $ $38.33 AVERAGE $ BECK 5828AMX * 30 in.@ 34, $ BECK 5828AMX * Twin 20 in.@ 60, $ $ AVERAGE $ Stine R9631VT3PRO 30 in.@ 34, $ Stine R9631VT3PRO Twin 20 in.@ 60, $ $3.57 AVERAGE $ Stine R9741VT3PRO 30 34, $ Stine R9741VT3PRO Twin 20 in.@ 60, $ $72.79 AVERAGE $ * corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $293.00/bag BECK 5828AMX *, $298.00/bag BECK 6175AMXT *, $283.00/bag Stine R9631VT3PRO, and $283.00/bag Stine R9741VT3PRO. The highest overall net returns came from planting 34,000 seeds/a. in 30 in. rows. However, Stine R9741VT3PRO yielded 39.7 higher in the twin 20 in. rows than it did in the 30 in. rows, resulting in a $72.79/A. return on investment. The other Stine hybrid, R9631VT3PRO, as well as BECK 6175AMXT * also yielded higher in twin 20 in. rows, but the additional seed costs outweighed the higher yields, resulting in a negative return on investment. BECK 5828AMX * was the only hybrid tested that showed a negative yield gain from the higher populations. Overtime, populations have gradually increased in order to gain yield and revenue. This data suggests, however, that it is not economically beneficial to plant at these ultra high plant densities. 30 in. vs. Twin 20 in. Rows (June 3rd, 2014) Twin 20 in. Rows (July 13th, 2014) 35

Central Indiana PFR Rainfall in Inches 4.09 3.72 4.04 2.74 5.34 19.

36 Central Indiana PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S 300 Bushel Attempt PLANTED: April 22, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans/Corn HARVESTED: September 26, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Disc/V-Rip, Spring S-Tine POPULATION: 37,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 1 qt. Princep 4L, 2.3 qt. Bicep II Magnum ROWS: Four 30 Rows Post: 1.7 qt. Lexar, 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX INSECTICIDE: Escalate, Force 3G In our attempt to reach 300, we have tried several different approaches in the past 34 years. Early on, we increased our populations and applied extremely high rates of fertilizer as well as some micronutrients. In the mid to late 80s, we tried using different tillage methods like v-rip, chisel and moldboard plow. From 1991 to 2002, we tested zone-till vs. conventional-till. In 2003, we tested ultra-high populations and twin rows using conventional-till practices. From 2004 to 2013, we compared different crop rotations including continuous corn, two-year corn/one-year soybean and corn/soybean rotations. In 2014, we planted 30 in. rows in both the first year corn following soybean rotation and the 14-year continuous corn. Brand Harvested Population Test Weight Broken Stalks Root Lodging Bushels CORN AFTER SOYBEANS Phoenix 6542A4 ** 36, BECK EX 8361 (6347 Genetics) 36, BECK 6272AM-R * 36, BECK 6175AMXT * 37, BECK 5828AMX * 36, BECK 6626AMX-R * 34, BECK EX 1420 (5939 Genetics) * 35, Phoenix 5552EZ ** 37, BECK 5509A3 36, BECK EX 1434 (6365 Genetics) * 37, AVERAGE 36, BUSHEL RECIPE PLANTING: 17 gal S + 1 qt. Start Right 2x2 & 5 gal oz. P Max LFS In-Furrow SIDEDRESS: 150 lb. V3 & 113 lb. V6 FOLIAR: 1 qt. Versa Max Corn + 4 oz. V5 & 10 oz. Headline AMP oz. Mustang VT 36 Harvesting the 30 in. row 300 bushel plot.

37 Rainfall in Inches Central Indiana PFR BECK S 300 Bushel Attempt - Continued Brand Harvested Population Test Weight Broken Stalks Root Lodging Bushels 14-YEAR CONTINUOUS CORN BECK EX 1434 (6365 Genetics) * 36, Phoenix 6542A4 ** 34, BECK 6175AMXT * 36, BECK 5509A3 35, BECK 6626AMX-R * 35, BECK 5828AMX * 36, BECK EX 8361 (6347 Genetics) 34, BECK EX 1420 (5939 Genetics) * 34, AVERAGE 35, * ** Phoenix brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. Phoenix is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. and test weight corrected to 15% moisture. This year we looked at different timings and treatments: four products at planting, two sidedress timings and two foliar applications. The goal was to keep the plant as healthy and as disease/insect free as possible. Also with the split nitrogen applications, the availability of nitrogen to the plant seasonlong was increased. On average, yields in 2014 out-yielded 2013 by more than 32 The additional applications along with the great weather conditions set the stage to break 300 Three diverse genetics rose to the top: BECK EX 8361 (6347 Genetics) and Phoenix 6542A4 ** broke 300 in the first year corn following soybean rotation and BECK EX 1434 (6365 Genetics) * and Phoenix 6542A4 ** both beat the 300 level in the 14-year continuous corn section. The CAC section on average produced 2.3 more than the CAB section. However, we believe water damage may have been more significant in the CAB section, which could have caused these differences. 37

38 Central Indiana PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S 300 Bushel Attempt 20 Rows PLANTED: May 7, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: October 8, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Disc/V-Rip, Spring S-Tine POPULATION: 41,600 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 1 qt. Princep 4L, 2.3 qt. Bicep II Magnum ROWS: Four 20" Rows Post: 1.7 qt. Lexar, 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate, Force 3G To reach 300 bushel corn yields using 20 in. row spacings. This is our fourth attempt at breaking 300 bushel in 20 in. rows. We looked at a combination of different treatments which included an increased seeding rate, preplant nitrogen, pop-up fertilizer with two specialty products, split sidedress applications and multiple foliar products. Brand 38 Harvested Population Test Weight Broken Stalks Root Lodging Bushels REPLICATION 1 BECK EX 1434 (6365 Genetics) * 40, Phoenix 6542A4 ** 37, BECK 6626AMX-R * 39, BECK 6272AM-R * 40, BECK EX 8361 (6347 Genetics) 36, BECK 6175AMXT * 39, BECK 5509A3 39, BECK EX 1420 (5939 Genetics) * 39, BECK 5828AMX * 35, Phoenix 5552EZ ** 35, AVERAGE 38, REPLICATION 2 BECK 6626AMX-R * 40, BECK 6272AM-R * 40, Phoenix 6542A4 * 38, BECK EX 1434 (6365 Genetics) * 41, BECK EX 8361 (6347 Genetics) 37, BECK 5828AMX * 39, BECK 6175AMXT * 38, BECK EX 1420 (5939 Genetics) * 40, Phoenix 5552EZ * 39, BECK 5509A3 37, AVERAGE 39, REPLICATION AVERAGE BECK EX 1434 (6365 Genetics) * 40, BECK 6626AMX-R * 39, Phoenix 6542A4 * 37, BECK 6272AM-R * 40, BECK EX 8361 (6347 Genetics) 36, BECK 6175AMXT * 38, BECK EX 1420 (5939 Genetics) * 39, BECK 5828AMX * 37, BECK 5509A3 38, Phoenix 5552EZ * 37, AVERAGE 38, * ** Phoenix brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. Phoenix is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. and test weight corrected to 15% moisture.

39 Rainfall in Inches Central Indiana PFR BECK S 300 Bushel Attempt 20 Rows - Continued 300 BUSHEL RECIPE PREPLANT INCORPORATED: 50 lb. Nitrogen PLANTING: 5 gal qt. Start Right + 22 oz. P Max LFS In-Furrow SIDEDRESS: 150 lb. V3 & 97 lb. V6 FOLIAR: 1 qt. Versa Max Corn + 4 oz. V5 This year we decided to plant our 20 in. 300 bushel attempt two weeks later than our traditional 30 in. 300 bushel attempt. This was done in an effort to minimize the risk of poor pollination due to potential heat stress. With the excellent weather conditions this growing season, we broke 300 bushel for the first time in 20 in. rows! Four out of ten hybrids tested broke the 300 barrier with Phoenix 6542A4 ** doing so in both replications. Our highest individual yield was reached with BECK EX 1434 (6365 Genetics) * at Once both replications were averaged all four hybrids remained over 300 Precision Ag. Simplified and Secure. Imaging. The most comprehensive aerial imagery system. Mobility. Access information 24/7 from your web connected device. Analysis. Advanced tools allowing you to run the data analysis you need. Recordkeeping. A season by season timeline of your field s events. Security. You are in control of your data. Safe, secure and there when you need it. Weather. Accurate and reliable weather data focused on your individual field. Compatibility. The data you need, available from most devices. FARMserver.com 39

40 Central Indiana PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Flo-Rite Seed Firmer Study PLANTED: May 6, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: September 29, 2014 TILLAGE: No-Till POPULATION: 34,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Burndown: 1 oz. Sharpen, 22 oz. Roundup PowerMAX ROWS: Four 30" Rows Pre: 1 qt. Princep 4L, 2.3 qt. Bicep II Magnum REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) Post: 1.7 qt. Lexar, 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX INSECTICIDE: Escalate The Flo-Rite Seed Firmer Study is designed as a dual-purpose study. First, this study evaluates the effectiveness of the Flo-Rite seed firmer as a new product. We are comparing the Flo-Rite Seed Firmer to a no-firmer control. This allows us to see if the replaceable wear plates and high tech memory polymer construction of the Flo-Rite really provides optimum down pressure, higher yields and precise seed placement. Secondly, two different seed types (medium flats and medium rounds) are used in the study to see if seed shape affects placement and seed firmer effectiveness. Brand & Treatment Emerged Population Test Weight Bushels BECK EX 1473 (5852 GENETICS) - MEDIUM FLATS No Seed Firmer (Control) 32, Flo-Rite Seed Firmer 33, AVERAGE 33, PHOENIX 5842EZ ** - MEDIUM ROUNDS No Seed Firmer (Control) 33, Flo-Rite Seed Firmer 33, AVERAGE 33, SEED FIRMER SUMMARY No Seed Firmer (Control) 32, Flo-Rite Seed Firmer 33, AVERAGE 33, Phoenix brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. Phoenix is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. Bu/A. and test weight corrected to 15% moisture. Watch a video about Beck s new Flo-Rite Seed Firmers at The Flo-Rite Seed Firmers performed well in our first year of testing. The use of Flo-Rite Seed Firmers resulted in a 4.1 advantage when used with medium flats and an 8.7 advantage when used with medium rounds. Overall, a 6.4 advantage was realized. Key to this yield increase was the exceptional depth control and seed to soil contact provided by the Flo-Rite Seed Firmers. Seed was easy to find behind the planter, always at a consistent depth and placed firmly in the seed trench. We hope to see strong results from this exciting new product in the future. 40

41 Rainfall in Inches Central Indiana PFR BECK S VT Fungicide Study PLANTED: April 23, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: September 29, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Disc/V-Rip, Spring S-Tine POPULATION: 32,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 1 qt. Princep 4L, 2.3 qt. Bicep II Magnum, ROWS: Four 30" Rows Post: 1.7 qt. Lexar, 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate, Force 3G This study evaluates hybrid-specific response to fungicide applications. Six corn hybrids were compared with and without Headline AMP fungicide applied at full tassel (VT). Brand & Treatment Bushels Return on Investment BECK 5475AMX * Untreated oz. Headline AMP $16.28 BECK EX 1420 (5939 Genetics) * Untreated oz. Headline AMP $18.51 Phoenix 5552EZ ** Untreated oz. Headline AMP $11.00 BECK 6175AMX * Untreated oz. Headline AMP $21.84 BECK EX 1434 (6365 Genetics) * Untreated oz. Headline AMP $17.53 BECK 6948A3 Untreated oz. Headline AMP $2.23 AVERAGE $3.30 * ** Phoenix brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. Phoenix is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $260.00/gal. Headline AMP, $7.00/A. application cost and $0.04/point drying cost. $/A. $20.00 $10.00 $0.00 -$ $ $ $ $ $ Year Average Return on Investment $9.49 $3.30 -$49.36 Return on Investment Figure 1. In 2014, the hybrids with a VT fungicide application recorded an 8 average yield advantage. Furthermore, Headline AMP also provided an economic advantage on four of the six hybrids tested. We had our highest return on investment with BECK 6175AMX * at $21.84/A. BECK 5475AMX * and EX 1434 (6365 Genetics) * had negative returns on investment, but this is to be expected, as these two hybrids have only a moderate response to fungicide applications. Three-year return on investment data can be seen in Figure 1. It is always recommended to scout your fields for disease pressure, but also take into consideration the fungicide response of individual hybrids. For more information on VT fungicides please refer to page 307 for multi-location research data. 41

42 Central Indiana PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Fungicide Timing Study PLANTED: April 23, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: September 29, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Disc/V-Rip, Spring S-Tine POPULATION: 32,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 1 qt. Princep 4L, 2.3 qt. Bicep II Magnum ROWS: Four 30" Rows Post: 1.7 qt. Lexar, 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate This study was designed to evaluate the performance of foliar fungicides on corn at various timings. Three treatments were compared to an untreated control: a single application of 4 oz. Priaxor applied at V5; a two pass program of 4 oz. Priaxor applied at V5 followed by 10 oz. Headline AMP at VT; and a single application of 10 oz. Headline AMP applied at the VT growth stage. Three hybrids representing the three levels of hybrid response to fungicide (high, medium and low) were used to evaluate if the optimum timing of application is affected by hybrid susceptibility. Brand & Treatment Bushels Cost of Treatment Net^ Return Return on Investment PHOENIX 5832A3 ** - LOW RESPONSE Control $0.00 $ oz. V $16.97 $ $ oz. V oz. Headline VT $37.28 $ $ oz. Headline VT $20.31 $ $30.86 AVERAGE $ $19.79 BECK 5828AMX * - MEDIUM RESPONSE Control $0.00 $ oz. V $16.97 $ $ oz. V oz. Headline VT $37.28 $ $ oz. Headline VT $20.31 $ $5.64 AVERAGE $ $5.87 BECK 5509A3 - HIGH RESPONSE Control $0.00 $ oz. V $16.97 $ $ oz. V oz. Headline VT $37.28 $ $ oz. Headline VT $20.31 $ $25.48 AVERAGE $ $16.29 TREATMENT SUMMARY Control $0.00 $ oz. V $16.97 $ $ oz. V oz. Headline VT $37.28 $ $ oz. Headline VT $20.31 $ $3.67 AVERAGE $ $0.79 * ** Phoenix brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. Phoenix is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $543.00/gal. Priaxor, $260.00/gal. Headline AMP, $7.00/A. application charge (VT applications only) and $0.04/point drying cost. 42

43 Rainfall in Inches Central Indiana PFR BECK S Fungicide Timing Study - Continued $ Year Data - Low Response 12.0 $/A. $15.00 $10.00 $ ROI Yield Increase $0.00 V5 V5/VT Combo VT 2.0 -$5.00 Low Response Figure Year Data - Medium Response $/A. $60.00 $50.00 $40.00 $30.00 $20.00 $10.00 $0.00 V5 V5/VT Combo VT ROI Yield Increase Medium Response Figure 2. 3 Year Data - High Response $/A. $5.00 $0.00 -$5.00 -$ $ $ $ $ $ $40.00 V5 V5/VT Combo VT ROI Yield Increase High Response Figure 3. Only one of our hybrids tested this year responded positively overall to fungicide applications. Phoenix 5832A3 ** had an average 14.6 yield increase and a $19.79/A. positive return on investment. The V5 application actually resulted in a negative return on investment, but strong positive reactions to the combination and VT applications made overall numbers positive. The two hybrids with high and medium response to fungicide did not fare as well. BECK 5509A3 recognized an average $16.29/A. negative return on investment, and BECK 5828AMX * a negative $5.87/A. return on investment. The V5 + VT combination application was the most effective both in yield and return on investment increases across all hybrids, boosting yields by 14.4 and ROI by $4.00/A. overall. This is consistent with the past three years results, where the combination application has out-yielded and out-returned all other methods. Three year average yield increase and ROI data can be seen for each hybrid response to fungicide rating in Figures 1-3. For more information on fungicide timing please refer to pages for multi-location research data. 43

44 Central Indiana PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Headline In-Furrow Study PLANTED: May 10, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: October 11, 2014 TILLAGE: No-Till POPULATION: 34,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Burndown: 1 oz. Sharpen, 22 oz. Roundup PowerMAX ROWS: Four 30" Rows Pre: 1 qt. Princep 4L, 2.3 qt. Bicep II Magnum REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) Post: 1.7 qt. Lexar, 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX INSECTICIDE: Escalate To evaluate the use of Headline fungicide as an in-furrow, at planting treatment through Beck s Flo-Rite seed firmers. Applied infurrow on corn, Headline fungicide helps control soilborne Rhizoctonia solani while providing plant health benefits including healthier, more vigorous roots. It also helps improve seedling health and allows for more rapid and uniform emergence even under cold and wet conditions. In addition, the EC formulation can be tank-mixed with a liquid fertilizer for easy application. Brand & Treatment Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment BECK 5509A3 Control $1, oz. Headline $ $7.91 AVERAGE $1, BECK 6175AMX * Control $1, oz. Headline $1, $1.64 AVERAGE $1, TREATMENT SUMMARY Control $1, oz. Headline $1, $3.14 AVERAGE $1, * corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $409.00/gal. Headline. Though we did see an average yield increase of 3.3 with the use of Headline in-furrow on both hybrids, it was not enough to recoup the cost of the fungicide on average. We did see a better response with BECK 6175AMX * resulting in a yield increase of 4.4 and resulting in a return on investment of $1.64/A. 44

45 Rainfall in Inches Central Indiana PFR BECK S Early Season Fungicide Study PLANTED: April 21, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: September 27, 2014 TILLAGE: No-Till POPULATION: 32,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 1 qt. Princep 4L, 2.3 qt. Bicep II Magnum, ROWS: Four 30" Rows 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) Post: 1.7 qt. Lexar, 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: Phoenix 5552A4 ** This study was designed to test the effectiveness of two different fungicide products applied at the V5 growth stage. Priaxor features the most advanced chemistry ever developed for a range of crops including corn, soybeans, potatoes and tomatoes. It is powered by Xemium fungicide, a new active ingredient that continuously distributes its chemistry throughout the leaf to deliver more consistent disease protection. Priaxor is a combination of Xemium and the same active ingredient in Headline fungicide. This combination delivers continuous protection and plant health benefits. Fortix combines a highly systemic, fast-acting strobilurin with a long-lasting triazole to let you spray once for season-long benefits in corn and soybeans. Fortix can be applied early, allowing growers the flexibility of applying via ground equipment. Treatment Test Weight Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment Control $ oz. Priaxor $ $ oz. Fortix $ $16.00 AVERAGE $ $23.01 ** Phoenix brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. Phoenix is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. and test weight corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $543.00/gal. Priaxor, $402.00/gal. Fortix and $0.04/point drying cost. We received a significant yield increase from the use of both Fortix and Priaxor this year. Priaxor achieved a higher return on investment (ROI) with $30.02/A., while Fortix achieved a respectable ROI of $16.00/A. With consistently wet conditions this summer, disease pressure was relatively high. Being able to apply these fungicides early on allowed us to protect the plant before disease was able to set in, which paid off this year. As we continue to evaluate these early season fungicides, it will be interesting to see how effective they are under various environmental conditions. Applying V5 fungicide with a Hagie 2101 at the Central Indiana PFR site. 45

46 Central Indiana PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Planting Date Study Tile vs. No-Tile PLANTED: Various PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: Various TILLAGE: Fall V-Rip, Spring S-Tine POPULATION: 34,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 1 qt. Princep 4L, 2.3 qt. Bicep II Magnum ROWS: Four 30" Rows Post: 1.7 qt. Lexar, 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX INSECTICIDE: Escalate To evaluate the performance of two hybrids planted on several dates throughout the growing season. The long term goal of this study is to gather several years of data to help our customers find the optimum planting date window for corn. We also compared all planting dates with and without a drainage tile system. Brand 46 Planting Date Drainage Harvested Population Bushels Tile BECK 6348A3 33, April 18th Tile BECK 5475AMX * 34, AVERAGE 33, BECK 6348A3 19, April 18th No-Tile BECK 5475AMX * 17, AVERAGE 18, BECK 6348A3 29, April 26th Tile BECK 5475AMX * 29, AVERAGE 29, BECK 6348A3 21, April 26th No-Tile BECK 5475AMX * 17, AVERAGE 19, BECK 6348A3 32, May 2nd Tile BECK 5475AMX * 32, AVERAGE 32, BECK 6348A3 33, May 2nd No-Tile BECK 5475AMX * 34, AVERAGE 33, BECK 6348A3 32, May 22nd Tile BECK 5475AMX * 31, AVERAGE 31, BECK 6348A3 31, May 22nd No-Tile BECK 5475AMX * 32, AVERAGE 31, BECK 6348A3 32, May 31st Tile BECK 5475AMX * 32, AVERAGE 32, BECK 6348A3 34, May 31st No-Tile BECK 5475AMX * 34, AVERAGE 34, BECK 6348A3 33, June 14th Tile BECK 5475AMX * 33, AVERAGE 33, BECK 6348A3 32, June 14th No-Tile BECK 5475AMX * 32, AVERAGE 32, * corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable.

Rainfall in Inches 4.09 3.72 4.04 2.74 5.34 19.93 Central Indiana PFR BECK S Planting Date Study Tile vs. No-Tile - Continued 260.0 245.0 230.0 215.0 200.0 2014 Tile vs.

47 Rainfall in Inches Central Indiana PFR BECK S Planting Date Study Tile vs. No-Tile - Continued Tile vs. No-Tile Yield Trend April 25th Tile No-Tile Planting Date Yield April 18th April 26th May 2nd May 22nd May 31st June 14th Planting Date Figure April 18th April 26th May 2nd May 22nd May 31st June 14th Planting Date Figure 2. Yield and Population of Mean 120% 105% 90% 75% 60% 45% 30% 44.40% March 15 - March % % March 21 - April 3 Corn Planting Dates April 4 - April % % % April 15 - April 30 May 1 - May 13 May 14 - May % 88.08% May 29 - June9 June 10 - June 25 Planting Dates Population line graph reflects the % of harvest population vs. seeds planted. Figure 3. We know from past Practical Farm Research that earlier planted corn generally has greater yield potential than later planted corn. This year s strongest yields were from April 18th planted corn even though plant populations were reduced with no tile drainage: (no-tile/tile averaged). Corn planted from April 18th through May 22nd performed fairly consistent, and yield did not drop below average until the last week of May. BECK 6348A3 out-yielded BECK 5475AMX * by an overwhelming average of 36.8 across all planting dates and drainage systems in When analyzing the two drainage systems, the early planted corn yields were higher in the no-tile section of the study. However, after the April 26th planting date, corn in the tiled portion of the plot yielded higher. These results were the opposite of what we saw in Our two year drainage yield data shows an advantage for tile when planted in April (+7.1 ) and May (+5.8 ) but not June (-24.5 ). Figure 1 illustrates the yield trend for tile vs. no tile data. The red dashed line (April 25th) represents approximately when the yield advantage went from no-tile to tile. Figure 2 illustrates the 2014 average yield by planting date. Figure 3 illustrates the percent of the average yield for each planting date range for the past 13 years. The red trend line in the graph represents the percent of harvest population vs. seeds planted. In conclusion, our multi-year optimum corn planting date is between April 15th and April 30th. 47

48 Central Indiana PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Replant Study PLANTED: Various PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: Various TILLAGE: Fall V-Rip, Spring S-Tine POPULATION: Various HERBICIDE: Pre: 1 qt. Princep 4L, 2.3 qt. Bicep II Magnum ROWS: Four 30" Rows Post: 1.7 qt. Lexar, 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX INSECTICIDE: Escalate Often times, the decision to replant can be a tough one for growers. The purpose of this study is to evaluate corn stands and determine whether or not it is profitable to replant. This study evaluates the yield performance of corn planted at 20,000 seeds/a. with random spacing versus a more uniform 34,000 seeds/a. at various planting dates. Planting Date Planted Population Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment BECK 5475AMX * April 18th (Normal 1st Planting) 34, $ April 18th 20, $ May 2nd (Replanted) 34, $ $ April 26th 20, $ May 22nd (Replanted) 34, $ $ May 2nd 20, $ May 22nd (Replanted) 34, $ $ May 22nd 20, $ June 14th (Replanted) 34, $ $ May 31st 20, $ June 14th (Replanted) 34, $ $ BECK 6348A3 April 18th (Normal 1st Planting) 34, $ April 18th 20, $ May 2nd (Replanted) 34, $ $ April 26th 20, $ May 22nd (Replanted) 34, $ $ May 2nd 20, $ May 22nd (Replanted) 34, $ $ May 22nd 20, $ June 14th (Replanted) 34, $ $ May 31st 20, $ June 14th (Replanted) 34, $ $ * corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $25.00/A. replant cost and $0.04/point drying cost 48

Rainfall in Inches 4.09 3.72 4.04 2.74 5.34 19.93 Central Indiana PFR BECK S Replant Study - Continued $125.00 Six-Year CINPFR Replant Return/A. $100.00 $75.00 $50.00 $/A. $25.00 $0.00 -$25.00 -$50.

49 Rainfall in Inches Central Indiana PFR BECK S Replant Study - Continued $ Six-Year CINPFR Replant Return/A. $ $75.00 $50.00 $/A. $25.00 $0.00 -$ $ $ $ April 4 - April 14 April 15 - April 30 May 1 - May 13 May 14 - May 28 May 29 - June 9 June 10 - June 25 Replanting Date Figure 1. Replanting can be a tough decision due to varying weather conditions from year to year. This year, the May 2 nd replant date again offered the highest benefits with a two hybrid average increase of $197.45/A. All May replants offered a positive yield gain and return on investment. There was no average economic benefit to replanting after the first week of June. Our 2014 Central Indiana PFR replant data suggests that replanting corn in April or May can show positive results if the stands are at or under 20,000 plants/a. Figure 1 illustrates the six year history of corn replants at the Central Indiana PFR site. The six-year data suggests that positive net returns are possible when replanting before the month of June with 20,000 plants/a. and under. Ross Eckart and Jason Gahimer changing seed plates for the replant study. 49

50 Central Indiana PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Vertical-Till vs. Conventional-Till Study Corn After Soybeans PLANTED: May 2, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: September 29, 2014 TILLAGE: Various POPULATION: 34,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 1 qt. Princep 4L, 2.3 qt. Bicep II Magnum ROWS: Four 30" Rows Post: 1.7 qt. Lexar, 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate, Force 3G This study is designed to evaluate two tillage practices and their effect on yield in a CAB rotation. This is the second year for comparing vertical and conventional-tillage at the Central Indiana PFR Farm as part of a long-term tillage study. The vertical-tillage system is a fall and spring tillage pass with a Case IH True-Tandem 330 Turbo. The conventional-tillage system consists of a fall discrip followed by a spring finishing tool. Brand Harvested Population Test Weight Bushels Advantage Conv.-Till CONVENTIONAL-TILL BECK 5385A3 33, BECK 5475AMX * 32, BECK 6272AM-R * 33, Phoenix 5552A4 ** 33, Phoenix 5842EZ ** 33, AVERAGE 33, VERTICAL-TILL BECK 5385A3 33, BECK 5475AMX * 33, BECK 6272AM-R * 33, Phoenix 5552A4 ** 32, Phoenix 5842EZ ** 33, AVERAGE 33, * ** Phoenix brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. Phoenix is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. and test weight corrected to 15% moisture. Vertical-Till vs. Conventional-Till Yield Comparison Two-Year Conventional-Till Advantage Yield () Conventional-Till Average Vertical-Till Average Year Figure 1. In the second year of our Vertical-till vs. Conventional-till Study the vertical-till system slightly outperformed the conventional-till system, posting an average yield advantage of 2.3 while winning three of the five variety comparisons. This is a change from last year s results, where conventional-tillage showed an impressive 7.8 advantage and won in four of the five variety comparisons. After two years of testing, the conventional-tillage method posts a 2.8 average advantage (Figure 1). However, as we continue to evaluate these two tillage methods, we will see which system provides more consistent results over time. 50

51 Rainfall in Inches Central Indiana PFR BECK S No-Till vs. Conventional-Till Study Continuous Corn PLANTED: May 7, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 8, 2014 TILLAGE: Various POPULATION: 34,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Burndown: 1 oz. Sharpen, 22 oz. Roundup PowerMAX (No-Till Only) ROWS: Four 30" Rows Pre: 1 qt. Princep 4L, 2.3 qt. Bicep II Magnum REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) Post: 1.7 qt. Lexar, 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX INSECTICIDE: Escalate, Force 3G This is the 11th year for evaluating no-till vs. conventional-till practices in a continuous corn rotation. We used a moldboard plow for our conventional-tillage method. Brand & Treatment Harvest Population Test Weight Bushels Conv.-Till CONVENTIONAL-TILL BECK 5509VR 32, BECK 6348A3 32, Phoenix 5726A4 ** 33, AVERAGE 32, NO-TILL BECK 5509VR 32, BECK 6348A3 32, Phoenix 5726A4 ** 33, AVERAGE 32, and test weight corrected to 15% moisture. ** Phoenix brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. Phoenix is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. 240 Continuous Corn Yield Data No - Till Conventional - Till Figure 1. This year we received a 1 increase for conventional-tillage. This is the first time since 2010 that conventional-tillage out-yielded the no-till system. However, BECK 6348A3 posted an average 7.7 advantage from no-tillage. Overall, with the excellent weather conditions we received this growing season, minimal differences were identified between the two tillage systems. Figure 1 illustrates the 11-year continuous corn yield data. 51

52 Central Indiana PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Closing Wheel Study PLANTED: May 2, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: September 30, 2014 TILLAGE: No-Till POPULATION: 34,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Burndown: 1 oz. Sharpen, 22 oz. Roundup PowerMAX ROWS: Two 30 Rows Pre: 1 qt. Princep 4L, 2.3 qt. Bicep II Magnum REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) Post: 1.7 qt. Lexar, 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 5114A4 To determine what effects different closing wheel types have on plant emergence and yield. Eight closing wheel combinations were tested on four different pressure settings. The control in this study was a set of solid rubber closing wheels. Unfavorable planting conditions were targeted for this study. 52 PRESSURE SETTING: FIRST NOTCH Closing Wheel Emerged Bushels Pop. Diff. 2 Pro Stitches 28, Dawn Curvetine & 1 Dawn Gaugetine 31, Yetter Spikes with Drag Chain 29, Solid Rubbers (Control) 27, Dawn Curvetines 27, Dawn Gaugetine & 1 Solid 27, Yetter Spike & 1 Solid 28, Yetter Paddles 22, AVERAGE 27, PRESSURE SETTING: THIRD NOTCH Closing Wheel Emerged Bushels Pop. Diff. 2 Pro Stitches 30, Yetter Spikes with Drag Chain 29, Dawn Curvetine & 1 Dawn Gaugetine 30, Solid Rubbers (Control) 29, Yetter Paddles 29, Dawn Curvetines 24, Yetter Spike & 1 Solid 23, Dawn Gaugetine & 1 Solid 26, AVERAGE 27, CLOSING WHEEL SUMMARY Emerged Bushels Closing Wheel Pop. Diff. 2 Pro Stitches 29, Yetter Spikes with Drag Chain 29, Dawn Curvetine & 1 Dawn Gaugetine 29, Solid Rubbers (Control) 28, Dawn Curvetines 27, Dawn Gaugetine & 1 Solid 27, Yetter Paddles 26, Yetter Spike & 1 Solid 27, AVERAGE 28, PRESSURE SETTING: SECOND NOTCH Closing Wheel Emerged Bushels Pop. Diff. 2 Pro Stitches 30, Solid Rubbers (Control) 30, Yetter Spikes with Drag Chain 30, Dawn Gaugetine & 1 Solid 26, Dawn Curvetines 27, Dawn Curvetine & 1 Dawn Gaugetine 29, Yetter Paddles 25, Yetter Spike & 1 Solid 28, AVERAGE 28, PRESSURE SETTING: FOURTH NOTCH Closing Wheel Emerged Bushels Pop. Diff. 2 Dawn Curvetines 30, Yetter Spikes with Drag Chain 29, Pro Stitches 28, Yetter Paddles 28, Yetter Spike & 1 Solid 29, Dawn Curvetine & 1 Dawn Gaugetine 26, Dawn Gaugetine & 1 Solid 28, Solid Rubbers (Control) 25, AVERAGE 28, YEAR CLOSING WHEEL SUMMARY Closing Wheel Emerged Bushels Pop. Diff. 2 Yetter Spikes with Drag Chain 30, Dawn Curvetines 29, Yetter Paddles 29, Solid Rubbers (Control) 29, Yetter Spike & 1 Solid 29, AVERAGE 29, corrected to 15% moisture. The Dawn Gaugetine and Curvetine Combination is experimental. This combination is not recommended by Dawn Equipment Company.

Rainfall in Inches 4.09 3.72 4.04 2.74 5.34 19.93 Central Indiana PFR BECK S Closing Wheel Study - Continued 210.0 2 Year Pressure Settings Yield Data 209.0 208.0 207.0 206.0 205.0 204.0 203.0 202.

Pro-Stitch Wheels Dawn Gaugetine/Dawn Curvetine Different closing wheel combinations can be a good option when trying to broaden your planting window.

53 Rainfall in Inches Central Indiana PFR BECK S Closing Wheel Study - Continued Year Pressure Settings Yield Data First Notch Second Notch Third Notch Fourth Notch Figure 1. Pro-Stitch Wheels Dawn Gaugetine/Dawn Curvetine Different closing wheel combinations can be a good option when trying to broaden your planting window. Our study was conducted in less than desirable no-till conditions. With that being said, we saw an excellent yield boost with the use of the Pro Stitch wheels and 2 Yetter Spikes with a drag chain. When looking at the different pressure settings, we saw our best results compared to the solid rubbers (control) when using the fourth notch. As we know, one of the worst things we can do in heavy no-till conditions is increase the pressure on 2 solid rubber closing wheels in an attempt to close the seed slot. We saw a yield increase from the use of all our closing wheel combinations at the fourth pressure setting when compared to the control. The Pro Stitch wheels won 3 of the 4 pressure setting categories and finished first overall with a 7 advantage over the 2 solid rubbers. Our two year data favors the use of 2 Yetter Spikes, 2 Dawn Curvetines and 2 Yetter Paddles when planting in less than desirable no-till conditions. Figure 1 represents the two-year pressure setting yield data when all the closing wheel combinations were averaged. 53

54 Central Indiana PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Nitrogen Timing Study PLANTED: May 3, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: October 4, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall V-Rip, Spring S-Tine POPULATION: 35,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: ROWS: Eight 30" Rows Post: 1 qt. Princep 4L, 2.3 qt. Bicep II Magnum 1.7 qt. Lexar, 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 6175AMX * To evaluate various nitrogen timings in a corn after soybean rotation. Application timings consist of preplant incorporated, 2x2 starter at planting and various sidedress programs. This study is designed to evaluate timing efficiencies, nitrogen loss and yield. The control in this study is the 100% preplant incorporated treatment. All treatments in this study received a total of 180 lb./a. of nitrogen. Treatment Harvest Population Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment 100% Preplant Incorporated UAN (Control) 33, $ gal. 2x2 UAN f/b Balance Sidedress V6 17 gal. 2x2 UAN f/b Balance Sidedress V6 10 gal. 2x2 UAN f/b Balance Sidedress V3 32, $ $ , $ $ , $ $ % Sidedress V6 33, $ $ % Sidedress V3 33, $ $ % Preplant Incorporated UAN f/b 50% Sidedress UAN V4-V5 32, $ $15.99 AVERAGE 32, $ $40.22 * corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $0.60/lb. UAN and $6.00/A. application cost (50% Preplant/50% Sidedress Only). $ Nitrogen Timing Study: Return on Investment $/A. $60.00 $50.00 $40.00 $30.00 $20.00 $10.00 Control $ gal. 2x2 f/b V6 Sidedress 17 gal. 2x2 f/b V6 Sidedress 10 gal. 2x2 f/b V3 Sidedress 100% V6 Sidedress 100% V3 Sidedress 50% Pre f/b 50% V4-V5 Sidedress ROI $59.76 $51.46 $40.67 $37.35 $36.10 $ % Preplant 54 Figure 1.

55 Rainfall in Inches Central Indiana PFR BECK S Nitrogen Timing Study - Continued $ Year Nitrogen Timing Average Yield/Net Return $ $ $/A. $ $ $ Net Return Yield $ $ $ % Preplant 100% V3 Sidedress 100% V6 Sidedress 50% Pre f/b 50% V4-V5 Sidedress 10 gal. 2x2 f/b V3 Sidedress Figure 2. We received a yield increase from all of the timings when compared to the 100% preplant incorporated application in this study. The highest yields were from the 10 gallon 2x2 UAN followed by V6 sidedress application. In fact, all of the 2x2 applications did well, outperforming our 100% preplant control by an average $50.63/A. Furthermore, by extending the 100% preplant application to a 100% V6 sidedress application increased yields by 9.0 When comparing the 10 gallon and 17 gallon 2x2 fb V6 sidedress applications, we saw a greater yield response from applying the extra 20 lb. at V6 instead of at planting. Overall, split applying our nitrogen was the best option for the 2014 growing season, and yield responses increased the later they were applied. As we have seen in the past, applying nitrogen anytime during or after planting increased our yields and return on investment when compared to the100% preplant application (Figures 1 & 2). This data again shows the importance and advantages of splitting your nitrogen applications by providing your corn the right amount of nitrogen at the right time. 55

56 Central Indiana PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Nitrogen Rate Study Corn After Soybeans PLANTED: April 22, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: September 27, 2014 TILLAGE: No-Till POPULATION: 34,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 1 qt. Princep 4L, 2.3 qt. Bicep II Magnum, 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX ROWS: Eight 30" Rows Post: 1.7 qt. Lexar, 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 5828AMX * This study is designed to help us find the economic optimum nitrogen rate (EONR), which is the rate of nitrogen that maximizes profitability. Seven nitrogen rates ranging from lb./a. were evaluated in a corn after soybean crop rotation. All entries, with the exception of the 0 lb./a. control, received 17 gallons of 28% UAN as a 2x2 application at planting. This was followed by a sidedress application of 28% UAN at the V3 growth stage to meet the total amount of nitrogen for each treatment. Pounds of Nitrogen Bushels Cost of Nitrogen/A. Net^ Return Return on Investment $ $60.00 $ $ $75.00 $ $ $90.00 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ AVERAGE $97.50 $ $ * corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $0.60/lb. UAN..67 $ $ $ $ $ Year CAB: $ Economic Optimum Nitrogen Rate.79 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Nitrogen Rate (lb.).81 $ $ $ Net Return Figure 1. $0.50/lb. N. $0.60/lb. N. $0.70/lb. N. The 2014 results show the highest yields with an application of 225 lb. of nitrogen. In past years, the highest yielding rate wasn t always the EONR, but this year it was. It would have been interesting to evaluate 250 lb. of nitrogen to see if our return on investment kept increasing. Since every growing season is different it is very important to try and pinpoint your average EONR in an attempt to maximize profits. Figure 1 represents the five year data trend from the Central Indiana PFR site. It suggests the EONR ranges from lb./a. depending on the cost of nitrogen. For more information on corn after soybean nitrogen rates please refer to page 310 for multi-location research data. 56

57 Rainfall in Inches Central Indiana PFR BECK S Nitrogen Rate Study Continuous Corn PLANTED: April 22, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: September 27, 2014 TILLAGE: No-Till POPULATION: 34,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: ROWS: Eight 30" Rows Post: 1 qt. Princep 4L, 2.3 qt. Bicep II Magnum, 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX 1.7 qt. Lexar, 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 5828AMX * This study is designed to help us find the economic optimum nitrogen rate (EONR), which is the rate of nitrogen that maximizes profitability. Seven nitrogen rates ranging from lb./a. were evaluated in a continuous corn crop rotation. All entries, with the exception of the 0 lb./a. control, received 17 gallons of 28% UAN as a 2x2 application at planting. This was followed by a sidedress application of 28% UAN at the V3 growth stage to meet the total amount of nitrogen for each treatment. Pounds of Nitrogen Bushels Cost of Nitrogen/A. Net^ Return Return on Investment $ $75.00 $ $ $90.00 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ AVERAGE $ $ $ * corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $0.60/lb. UAN. Net Return 5 Year Continuous Corn: Economic Optimum Nitrogen Rate $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Nitrogen Rate (lb.) Figure 1. $0.50/lb. N. $0.60/lb. N. $0.70/lb. N. The economic optimum nitrogen rate (EONR) for a continuous corn rotation for 2014 was 250 lb./a. This is based on an average price for corn of $4.15/Bu. and a nitrogen cost of $0.60/lb. UAN. Figure 1 represents the five year data trend from the Central Indiana PFR site. This data would suggest that over the last five years, the EONR was lb./a. depending on the cost of nitrogen. For more information on continuous corn nitrogen rates please refer to page 311 for multi-location research data. 57

58 Central Indiana PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Nitrogen Stabilizer Study Pre-Emerge PLANTED: May 2, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: October 11, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall V-Rip, Spring S-Tine POPULATION: 34,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: ROWS: Eight 30" Rows Post: 1 qt. Princep 4L, 2.3 qt. Bicep II Magnum 1.7 qt. Lexar, 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate, Force 3G PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 6543HR * Each year many corn growers apply UAN liquid nitrogen in the spring as a part of their nitrogen program. This nitrogen stabilizer study evaluates six products that have the ability to reduce nitrogen losses. A treatment of 20 lb. additional nitrogen was added to see if adding more nitrogen would be more cost effective than using nitrogen enhancement products. All nitrogen enhancement products along with 180 lb. of nitrogen were surface applied pre-emerge. Instinct is a nitrogen stabilizer that contains the active ingredient nitrapyrin, the same ingredient as N-Serve. Instinct is a nitrogen stabilizer for liquid UAN solutions and works to ensure that nitrogen is stabilized in the ammonium form, which is less susceptible to losses from leaching and denitrification. Instinct keeps the soil-dwelling Nitrosomonas bacteria inactive, as this bacterium will attack ammonium and convert it to nitrate which is then prone to loss. Instinct does not protect against volatilization losses. Factor is a urease inhibitor for use with urea and UAN solution fertilizers. When applied with urea or UAN solutions, Factor inhibits the enzymatic activity of urease. By inhibiting the urease enzyme activity, ammonia losses from volatility are minimized. FunctioN is a nitrogen stabilizer for use with urea-ammonium nitrate (UAN) solution fertilizer. FunctioN contains dicyandiamide, a form of nitrogen that delays the below-ground nitrification process. This improves the nitrogen utilization of the crop, by keeping the nitrogen in a more plant desirable form and delaying conversion to nitrates. Agrotain Plus blocks the activity of the naturally occurring enzyme called urease, protecting against volatility losses. Agrotain Plus is a stabilizing agent which keeps nitrogen in the ammonium form for a longer period of time and reduces volatilization, denitrification and leaching. Nutrisphere-N prevents and reduces volatilization and nitrification of liquid nitrogen fertilizers. NutriSphere-N controls urease, keeping it from robbing nitrogen or yield potential. NutriSphere-N protects nitrogen in its ammonium state before it gets converted, giving a greater return on your nitrogen fertilizer investment. Limus is a new experimental stabilizer from BASF that combines the efficacy of two active ingredients from BASF into a patented formulation that helps reduce nitrogen losses occurring through volatilization. Treatment Test Weight Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment Control $ oz. Instinct $1, $ pt./ton UAN Factor $1, $ pt./ton UAN Factor + 2 pt. FunctioN $1, $ lb. More Nitrogen $1, $ lb./ton UAN Agrotain Plus $1, $ %/100 gal. Nutrisphere-N $1, $ qt./ton UAN Limus N/A N/A AVERAGE $1, $29.02 * XL brand seed is distributed by Beck s uperior Hybrids, Inc. XL is a registered trademark of Pioneer. and test weight corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $65.00/gal. Nutrisphere-N, $5.00/lb. Agrotain Plus, $37.00/gal. Instinct, $96.00/gal. Factor, $37.00/gal. FunctioN and no price for Limus at time of print. 58

59 Rainfall in Inches Central Indiana PFR BECK S Nitrogen Stabilizer Study Pre-Emerge - Continued Average Yield Gain/Acre Year Nitrogen Stabilizer Yield Nitrogen Stabilizer Agrotain Plus Instinct Nutrisphere-N Average ROI/Acre $25.00 $20.00 $15.00 $10.00 $5.00 $ Year Nitrogen Stabilizer ROI $23.21 $23.26 $3.31 Nitrogen Stabilizer Agrotain Plus Instinct Nutrisphere-N Figure 1. Figure 2. This year, all six products tested produced yield gains over the untreated control. The return on investment (ROI) ranged from $19.51/A. to $43.00/A. This is the second year for testing Factor, and over those two years we have seen an average ROI of $27.24/A. This year is the first year that we tested FunctioN. By applying it with Factor, we saw a ROI of $28.13/A., which is less than the $31.13/A. ROI provided by Factor alone. Though the addition of FunctioN did increase yields, it didn t boost them quite enough to offset the additional cost of the product. The treatment of 20 lb. of additional nitrogen produced a higher ROI than the use of Agrotain Plus and Nutrisphere-N. We want to continue evaluating the use of different nitrogen enhancment products vs. adding extra nitrogen in an attempt to resolve which is the best approach in terms of ROI. Figure 1 and 2 illustrate the three-year average yield gain and return on investment of Agrotain Plus, Instinct and Nutrisphere-N at the Central Indiana PFR site. For more information on nitrogen stabilizers please refer to page 312 for multi-location research data. BECK S N Gage Study PLANTED: May 5, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: September 29, 2014 TILLAGE: No-Till POPULATION: 34,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Burndown: ROWS: Eight 30" Rows Pre: 1 oz. Sharpen, 22 oz. Roundup PowerMAX 1 qt. Princep 4L, 2.3 qt. Bicep II Magnum REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) Post: 1.7 qt. Lexar, 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX INSECTICIDE: Escalate, Force 3G PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 5475AMX * To evaluate products that may provide increased yield and profitability when mixed with nitrogen fertilizer. N-Gage is a nitrogen efficiency product that utilizes microbes to metabolize nitrogen gas and convert it into a usable form the corn plant can absorb. Actuate is a blend of humic and fulvic acid. The humic acid is used to improve plant nutrient uptake by breaking bonds between the nutrients and the soil. Fulvic acid promotes cell division and elongation. Both products were used with 28% UAN sidedress at the V4 growth stage. Treatment Test Weight Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment Control $ qt. N Gage $ $ qt. N Gage + 1 qt. Actuate $ $0.35 AVERAGE $ $0.05 * and test weight corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $48.00/gal. N-Gage and $48.00/gal. Actuate. Both the N Gage and N Gage + Actuate treatments gave us positive yield results, but return on investment was minimal. N Gage boosted yield by 3.0 while producing a $0.45/A. return on investment. The product combination treatment increased yields by 5.7, but the added cost of the second product resulted in a $0.35/A. loss. On average, the two treatments boosted yields by 4.4 with a $0.05/A. return on investment. These yield and return increases were relatively insignificant, but it was encouraging to see positive results. It will be interesting to evaluate these products across multiple years with different growing conditions. 59

60 Central Indiana PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Nitrogen Stabilizer Study Sidedress PLANTED: May 2, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: October 11, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall V-Rip, Spring S-Tine POPULATION: 34,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 1 qt. Princep 4L, 2.3 qt. Bicep II Magnum ROWS: Eight 30" Rows Post: 1.7 qt. Lexar, 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate, Force 3G PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 6543HR * Each year many corn growers apply UAN liquid nitrogen in the spring as part of their nitrogen program. This nitrogen stabilizer study evaluates four products that have the ability to reduce nitrogen leaching. All treatments, except the 20 lb. more nitrogen, received a total of 180 lb./a. Nitrogen. We applied 34 lb. of nitrogen at planting in the form of S followed by the balance sidedressed at V4 along with each nitrogen enhancement product. Guardian DL slow-release nitrogen fertilizer additive holds plant-available nitrogen in the root zone longer, allowing you to cut your application rates by up to 20%. Guardian DL s non-toxic formula contains dicyandiamide (DCD) which has been shown to have minimal effect on total soil microbial biomass. Instinct is a nitrogen stabilizer that contains the active ingredient nitrapyrin, the same ingredient as N-Serve. Instinct is a nitrogen stabilizer for liquid UAN solutions and works to ensure that nitrogen is stabilized in the ammonium form, which is less susceptible to losses from leaching and denitrification. Instinct keeps the soil-dwelling Nitrosomonas bacteria inactive, as these bacteria will attack ammonium and convert it to nitrates which are then prone to losses. Instinct does not protect against volatilization losses. Agrotain Plus blocks the activity of the naturally occurring enzyme called urease, protecting against volatility losses. Agrotain Plus is a stabilizing agent which keeps nitrogen in the ammonium form for a longer period of time and reduces volatilization, denitrification and leaching. FunctioN is a nitrogen stabilizer for use with urea-ammonium nitrate (UAN) solution fertilizer. FunctioN contains dicyandiamide, a form of nitrogen that delays the below-ground nitrification process. This improves the nitrogen utilization of the crop, by keeping the nitrogen in a more plant desirable form and delaying conversion to nitrates. Treatment Test Weight Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment Control $ lb. More Nitrogen $1, $ qt. Guardian DL $1, $ oz. Instinct $ $ lb./ton UAN Agrotain Plus $ $ pt. FunctioN $ $17.96 AVERAGE $ $17.46 * Bu/A. and test weight corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $0.60/lb. UAN, $50.00/gal. Guardian DL, $37.00/gal. Instinct, $5.00/lb. Agrotain Plus, and $37.00/gal. FunctioN. This year, all but one stabilizer tested offered yield gains over the untreated control. The return on investment ranged anywhere from -$17.96/A to $34.76/A. for nitrogen stabilizers. Interestingly enough, simply adding an additional twenty pounds of nitrogen resulted in the greatest yield and return increases, at 18.3 and $63.95/A. respectively. One can speculate that the steady rains and good growing conditions this summer allowed that additional nitrogen to be used effectively and contribute to yield increases without much loss due to leaching. Average ROI for the study was $17.46/A. ($5.84/A. if the UAN is excluded), which supports our previous positive data for nitrogen stabilizers. 60

61 Rainfall in Inches Central Indiana PFR BECK S Sidedress Spacing Study PLANTED: May 6, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 11, 2014 TILLAGE: No-Till POPULATION: 32,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Burndown: 1 oz. Sharpen, 22 oz. Roundup PowerMAX ROWS: Eight 30" Rows Pre: 1 qt. Princep 4L, 2.3 qt. Bicep II Magnum REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) Post: 1.7 qt. Lexar, 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX INSECTICIDE: Escalate, Force 3G PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 6272AM-R * To evaluate differences between 30 in. and 60 in. sidedress spacings. All entries received 34 lb./a. nitrogen 2x2 at planting, followed by a sidedress application of 191 lb./a. nitrogen at V4. Sidedress Spacing Test Weight Bushels 30 in. Centers in. Centers AVERAGE Year Hybrid MULTI-YEAR DATA 30 in. 60 in. Spacing Spacing 60 in. Advantage 2013 Phoenix 5552A4 ** BECK 6077AM-R * BECK 6272AM-R * AVERAGE * XL brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. XL is a registered trademark of Pioneer. ** Phoenix brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. Phoenix is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. and test weight corrected to 15% moisture. This is the second year for testing 30 in. vs. 60 in. sidedress spacings. Our two year data shows a 4.1 average advantage from the use of 60 in. spacings. Even though denitrification or lack of soil moisture wasn t an issue either growing season, we are still surprised to see a consistent advantage for 60 in. spacings. Switching from 30 in. to 60 in. spacings can be a good option for larger toolbars under certain circumstances. Excessive denitrification or lack of soil moisture could lead to unfavorable results from the use of 60 in. sidedress spacings. Central Indiana PFR Operations Lead, Jason Gahimer, setting the sidedress bar up for 60 in. spacing. 61

62 Central Indiana PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Corn After Cover Crop Nitrogen Rate Study PLANTED: April 24, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Various Cover Crop/Soybeans HARVESTED: September 19, 2014 TILLAGE: No-Till POPULATION: 35,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Burndown: 1 oz. Sharpen, 22 oz. Roundup PowerMAX ROWS: Four 30" Rows Post: 1.7 qt. Lexar, 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 5131AM * In this study we evaluate the advantages of cover crops and their ability to increase yield by improving soil tilth, scavenging for and producing nitrogen, and shattering compaction. Corn was planted into three different cover crop systems which had been seeded in the fall of In addition, three different nitrogen programs were evaluated to assess nitrogen scavenging and sequestration. These nitrogen rates consisted of 180 lb. (100% N program), 135 lb. (75% N program) and 90 lb. (50% N program). Cover Crop & Pounds of Nitrogen Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment 30 LB. OATS + 3 LB. BECK S GROUNDBUILDER RADISHES $ $ $ $ $ $ LB. BECK S CORN CHAMPION MIX $ $ $ $ $ $ LB. BECK S ANNUAL RYEGRASS $ $ $ $ $ $28.59 NO COVER CROP (CONTROL) $ $ $ $ $4.61 COVER CROP SUMMARY No Cover Crop (Control) $ lb. Oats + 3 lb. Beck s GroundBuilder Radishes $ $ lb. Beck s Corn Champion Mix $ $ lb. Beck s Annual Ryegrass $ $42.50 AVERAGE $ $18.55 * corrected to 13% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $11.20/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $11.20/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $0.38/lb. Oats, $2.60/lb. Beck s GroundBuilder Radishes, $2.00/lb. Beck s Corn Champion Mix, $0.80/lb. Beck s Annual Ryegrass, $0.60/lb. UAN and $6.00/A. application cost. The results of this study were, to say the least, mixed. In the oat/radish mix, return on investment was positive at all three nitrogen levels, with the 75% level being the highest. Beck s Annual Ryegrass and Beck s Corn Champion Mix received negative returns at all three nitrogen levels. Interestingly enough, the no cover crop control had positive returns at both reduced nitrogen rates. The loss in yield was less significant than the decrease in nitrogen costs. Overall, ROI was decreased by $18.55/A. across all cover crops. The amount of variation in these results makes it hard to draw many concrete conclusions, and we hope to create more steady results by performing this study in the future. It will also be interesting to see if cover crops planted in the same plot for multiple years promote better soil structure and organic matter creation that leads to stronger long term yields. 62

63 Rainfall in Inches Central Indiana PFR BECK S Strip Crop Nitrogen Study PLANTED: May 24, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: October 18, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall No-Till, Spring Vertical-Till/S-Tine POPULATION: 33,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Post: 1 qt. Liberty ROWS: Twelve 30" Rows INSECTICIDE: Escalate REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 5385A3 This highly experimental study was designed to see how interseeding soybeans into corn affected the crop. We have heard of researchers and other farmers experimenting with similar techniques. Our control consisted of BECK 5385A3, in 30 in. rows, with 200 lb./a. total nitrogen. The interseeded portion of the study consisted of BECK 5385A3 & BECK 337L4 (66,000 seeds/a.), planted in 15 in. rows (soybeans in the split rows ), with 100 lb./a. total nitrogen. Treatment BECK 5385A3 (Control) Nitrogen Program 50 lb. Preplant Inc. UAN lb. Sidedress V3 Test Weight Diff. Net^ Return Return on Investment $ BECK 5385A3 + 66,000 Seeds/A. (BECK 337L4) 50 lb. Preplant Inc. UAN + 50 lb. Sidedress V $ $ AVERAGE $ and test weight corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $49.00/bag BECK 337L4 and $0.60/lb. UAN. In terms of grain production, interseeding did not prove to be a viable management practice. Yields were 75 lower in the interseeded section, resulting in a -$279.04/A. return on investment. However, some of the research that has been done on interseeding is intriguing. Many farmers have tried the method for silage production, where both the corn and soybeans are harvested, and the emphasis is placed less on grain yields and more on overall forage quality. We would encourage you to further research the subject, especially if you are interested in it as a forage production method. Soybeans growing in corn rows. Photo taken on June 13th. Soybeans growing in corn rows. Photo taken on July 6th. 63

64 Central Indiana PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Residue Management Study PLANTED: April 21, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: September 18, 2014 TILLAGE: No-Till POPULATION: 32,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: ROWS: Eight 30" Rows Post: 1 qt. Princep 4L, 2.3 qt. Bicep II Magnum, 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX 1.7 qt. Lexar, 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate, Force 3G PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 5140HR * This study was designed to help manage increasing crop residue due to higher plant populations and/or minimized tillage practices. All treatments were applied on October 24, RES 16 is a bio-stimulant liquid enzyme that accelerates decomposition of crop residue by stimulating soil microorganisms to break down organic matter. Robust is a unique formulation of plant and soil nutrients designed to stimulate microbial activity to aid in the breakdown of organic matter while helping overall plant growth. IgniteS 2 increase enzymatic and microbial activity and works to release insoluble nutrients in the soil and convert them to a soluble form plants can utilize. UAN is tested to see if extra nitrogen will promote microbial activity and residue breakdown. Treatment Test Weight Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment Control $1, oz. Res $1, $ qt. Robust $1, $ qt. IgniteS $1, $ gal. 28% UAN $1, $20.36 AVERAGE $1, $5.70 * and test weight corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $72.00/gal. Res16, $55.50/gal. Robust, $48.00/gal. Ignite S 2, $0.60/lb. UAN. $ $50.00 $0.00 +$70.05 RES 16 & UAN - Three-Year ROI +$ $34.16 $/A. -$ $ $20.36 RES 16 UAN -$ $ $ $ Figure 1. As we continue to push planting populations, one of the biggest concerns is residue management. In this multi-year study we have been able to manage excess residue with the use of a select few products. This year, yield was increased with all of our residue management products. RES 16 was the strongest product, with yields 10.4 over the control. RES 16 also gave us the highest return on investment, at $34.16/A. UAN only bumped yields by 1.6 and reduced profit by $20.36/A. IgniteS 2 was the only product specifically formulated for residue management that had a negative ROI at -$1.21/A. This study provided us with interesting results and showed that residue management products applied in the fall can result in positive returns for the following year s crop. We have been testing RES 16 for the past three years and have seen consistently strong results, especially when compared to the use of UAN (Figure 1). 64

65 Rainfall in Inches Central Indiana PFR BECK S Allelopathy Study Continuous Corn PLANTED: April 18, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: September 18, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Vertical-Till/V-Rip, Spring S-Tine POPULATION: 32,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 1 qt. Princep 4L, 2.3 qt. Bicep II Magnum ROWS: Four 30" Rows Post: 1.7 qt. Lexar, 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate, Force 3G According to Webster s dictionary, allelopathy is defined as the suppression of growth of one plant species by another plant species due to the release of toxic substances called allelochemicals. Many crops are allelopathic when grown with other crops or when grown sequentially. Autotoxicity is a specific type of allelopathy. Autotoxicity occurs when the allelochemicals released from a specific crop affect that same crop planted at a later time. This study was designed to test if and to what extent allelochemicals are causing a yield penalty when identical corn genetics and traits are planted in the same location repeatedly. Treatment Emerged Population Test Weight Bushels SAME HYBRIDS BECK 5828AM * 30, BECK 6175AMXT * 33, BECK 6272AM-R * 33, AVERAGE 32, ROTATED HYBRIDS BECK 5828AM * 31, BECK 6175AMXT * 33, BECK 6272AM-R * 33, AVERAGE 33, * and test weight corrected to 15% moisture Year Yield Loss For Same Hybrids BECK 5269HXR Phoenix 5552A4 Phoenix 5726A4 BECK 6626AMX-R BECK 5828AM BECK 6175AMXT BECK 6272AM-R Figure 1. Similar to last year, the 2014 data favored the rotation of hybrids. When planting the same hybrids we lost an average of 2.6 Figure 1 represents the two year individual yield loss/gains for planting the same hybrids. The two year average for planting the same hybrids equates to a 3.5 yield loss. Even with two year data it is hard to clarify that the yield losses can be attributed to allelochemicals, although something caused the hybrids to yield lower on average. However, by continuing to compile multi-year data, we should be able to see trends and have a better understanding of what is affecting the yields. 65

66 Central Indiana PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Capture LFR Study PLANTED: May 6, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: October 8, 2014 TILLAGE: No-Till POPULATION: 34,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Burndown: 1 oz. Sharpen, 22 oz. Roundup PowerMAX ROWS: Four 30" Rows Pre: 1 qt. Princep 4L, 2.3 qt. Bicep II Magnum REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) Post: 1.7 qt. Lexar, 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX INSECTICIDE: Escalate This study evaluates the use of Capture LFR Insecticide in-furrow on EZ and GT trait packages. We want to compare the effectiveness of Capture LFR with and without above and below ground insect protection trait packages. A granular Force 3G application at planting was also compared to the two different rates of Capture LFR. All seed used in this study was treated with Beck s Escalate yield enhancement system. Capture LFR is an at-plant insecticide that can eliminate most soil pests before they have a chance to injure developing seedlings. Without injury, stand count improves and robust roots transfer more yield-producing energy. Force 3G provides proven, broad-spectrum insect control and long-lasting residual in a granular formulation. EZ Trait Package: Agrisure 3122 E-Z Refuge + Herculex Extra GT Trait Package: Agrisure GT (glyphosate tolerant) Treatment Emerged Population Test Weight Bushels Diff. Net^ Return Return on Investment PHOENIX 5552EZ ** Control 32, $ oz. Capture LFR 32, $ $ oz. Capture LFR 33, $ $ lb. Force 3G 32, $ $0.67 AVERAGE 32, $ $7.47 PHOENIX 5552GT ** Control 31, $ oz. Capture LFR 30, $ $ oz. Capture LFR 30, $ $ lb. Force 3G 31, $ $7.21 AVERAGE 31, $ $30.84 TREATMENT SUMMARY Control 31, $ oz. Capture LFR 31, $ $ oz. Capture LFR 32, $ $ lb. Force 3G 32, $ $3.27 AVERAGE 31, $ $19.16 ** Phoenix brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. Phoenix is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. Bu/A. and test weight corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $300.00/gal. Capture LFR, $6.00/lb. Force 3G, $298.00/bag Phoenix 5552EZ ** and $217.00/bag Phoenix 5552GT **. 66

67 Rainfall in Inches Central Indiana PFR BECK S Capture LFR Study - Continued $ Return on Investment $40.00 $30.00 $/A. $20.00 $10.00 $0.00 -$ oz. Capture LFR 8 oz. Capture LFR 4.4 lbs. Force 3G Phoenix 5552EZ** +$ $6.30 -$0.67 Phoenix 5552GT** +$ $ $7.21 Figure 1. This study showed favorable results for the use of both insecticide products when compared to the untreated control. Capture LFR was evaluated at a 3.4 oz. pest rate and an 8 oz. rootworm rate. On average, we received a positive return on investment from the use of both rates here in Central Indiana. However, when increasing from the 3.4 oz. to the 8 oz. rates, we decreased our return on investment by $13.27/A. Force 3G was not as benefical as Capture LFR but still gave us a positive return on investment. When analyzing the data between the two trait packages (EZ & GT) we saw higher average net returns and return on investments when all three treatments were applied to Phoenix 5552GT **. Figure 1 represents the 2014 return on investment for all three treatments on both hybrid trait packages. For more information on Capture LFR please refer to page 318 for multi-location research data. 67

68 Central Indiana PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Sub-Irrigation Study PLANTED: May 3, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: September 22, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Disc/V-Rip, Spring S-Tine POPULATION: 34,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 1 qt. Princep 4L, 2.3 qt. Bicep II Magnum ROWS: Four 30" Rows Post: 1.7 qt. Lexar, 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate, Force 3G To determine if yields can be increased by controlling the water table level with a sub-irrigation system. The sub-irrigation system consists of 3 in. tile, placed 24 in. deep and spaced 15 ft. apart following the contour of the field topography. Emerged Population Test Weight Bushels Brand & Treatment SUB-IRRIGATED BECK 5131AM * 33, BECK 5385A3 33, Phoenix 5552A4 ** 33, AVERAGE 33, NON-IRRIGATED BECK 5131AM * 34, BECK 5385A3 33, Phoenix 5552A4 ** 34, AVERAGE 34, * ** Phoenix brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. Phoenix is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. and test weight corrected to 15% moisture. 4 Year Sub-Irrigation Yield Data Average in in in in. Rainfall Rainfall Rainfall Rainfall Figure 1. Non-Irrigated Sub-Irrigated This is the fourth year evaluating corn in a sub-irrigation system. The past three years have averaged 45.1 higher in the subirrigation system when compared to the non-irrigated system. This year the sub-irrigation system only had a 3.8 average increase. One could speculate that this difference is due to the amount of rainfall recieved in August in 2013 we were drier and hotter than in August of The combination of adequate soil moisture and cool temperatures were the driving factors for this years results. The sub-irrigation system still holds a 34.8 four year average advantage over the non-irrigated section (Figure 1). Figure 1 also shows the average rainfall for each year during the months of April through August. 68

69 Rainfall in Inches Central Indiana PFR BECK S Starter Fertilizer Study PLANTED: May 5, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: September 29, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Disc/V-Rip, Spring S-Tine POPULATION: 34,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: ROWS: Eight 30" Rows Post: 1 qt. Princep 4L, 2.3 qt. Bicep II Magnum 1.7 qt. Lexar, 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: Phoenix 5842EZ ** This study was designed to evaluate different starter fertilizer programs in an attempt to increase yields. All remaining nitrogen was sidedressed at the V4 growth stage for a total of 180 lb./a. of nitrogen. The control in this study was a 10 gallon 2x2 application of 28% nitrogen. Treatment Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment 10 gal x2 (Control) $ gal x $ $ gal x2 + 5 gal In-Furrow $ $ gal In-Furrow $ $ gal x2 + 5 gal In-Furrow $ $6.97 AVERAGE $ $21.54 ** Phoenix brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. Phoenix is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $0.60/lb. UAN, $488.00/Ton and $4.00/gal $ Starter Fertilizer Average Yield/Net Return $/A. $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Control x x In-Furrow Figure In-Furrow x In-Furrow Net Return $ $ $ $ $ Yield All four alternative programs proved to be more profitable than a straight 2x2 UAN application at planting. Seventeen gallons of placed 2x2 was our top-performing starter fertilizer program. When we paired five gallons of in-furrow, with the x2, we were only able to increase yields by 0.3, which did not pay for the added fertilizer. However, adding an additional 5 gallons of with the 2x2 UAN application gained us a $6.97/A. return on investment. Overall, we received an average $21.54/A. return on investment from the four programs when compared to our control. Figure 1 illustrates this year s yield and net return for the different starter fertilizer programs. This year it appears that any program containing phosporus added yield. We look forward to continuing our research on starter fertilizers in the future. 69

70 Central Indiana PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Micronutrient Study PLANTED: April 18, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: September 18, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall V-Rip, Spring S-Tine POPULATION: 34,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 1 qt. Princep 4L, 2.3 qt. Bicep II Magnum ROWS: Four 30" Rows Post: 1.7 qt. Lexar, 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate, Force 3G PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 6272AM-R * To evaluate different foliar micronutrient products in an attempt to maximize corn yields. All micronutrient products were also paired with two plant growth regulators RyzUp SmartGrass or Ascend. All treatments were applied at the V4 growth stage. Versa Max Corn is a dynamic mixture of macro and micronutrients that can be applied in a versatile manner as a foliar application or in-row starter/sidedress applications. Versa Max Corn consists of 8% nitrogen, 3% sulphur, 1% iron, 2% manganese and 3% zinc. Versa Max AC is a blend of macro and micronutrients that can be applied in a versatile manner. Versa Max AC is designed for use in all crops and may be used for soil or foliar applications. Versa Max AC is intended to be used as a supplement to a standard fertility program. Versa Max AC, when used according to the following recommendations, will improve plant health by providing efficient delivery of nitrogen (N), potassium (K) and essential micronutrients (S, Fe, Mn, Zn) as part of a total fertility program. Max-In Ultra ZMB is an effective foliar product that supplies zinc, manganese and boron, which are vital for increased plant health and growth. Max-In Ultra ZMB contains 3.6% sulphur, 0.1% boron, 3% manganese and 4% zinc. Evergreen is a complex of macro and micro elements chelated with humic acid and vitamins. Evergreen is a water-soluble balanced fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. It also contains micronutrients, kelp, vitamins and humic acid. Treatment Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment MICRONUTRIENT SUMMARY Control $ qt. Versa Max AC $1, $ qt. Versa Max Corn $ $ qt. Max-In Ultra ZMB $ $ pt. Evergreen $ $9.38 AVERAGE $ $2.96 MICRONUTRIENT + RYZUP SMARTGRASS Control $ pt. Evergreen oz. RyzUp SmartGrass $ $ qt. Versa Max Corn oz. RyzUp SmartGrass $ $ qt. Max-In Ultra ZMB oz. RyzUp SmartGrass $ $ qt. Versa Max AC oz. RyzUp SmartGrass $ $30.91 AVERAGE $ $12.90 MICRONUTRIENT + ASCEND Control $ qt. Versa Max Corn oz. Ascend $1, $ qt. Versa Max AC oz. Ascend $ $ qt. Max-In Ultra ZMB oz. Ascend $ $ pt. Evergreen oz. Ascend $ $47.34 AVERAGE $ $12.08 * corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $24.50/gal. Versa Max AC, $22.00/gal. Versa Max Corn, $28.00/gal. Max-In Ultra ZMB, $75.00/gal. Evergreen, $23.00/dry oz. RyzUp SmartGrass and $290.00/gal. Ascend. 70

Rainfall in Inches 4.09 3.72 4.04 2.74 5.34 19.93 Central Indiana PFR BECK S Micronutrient Study - Continued Three-Year Versa Max Corn ROI Return/A. $60.00 $50.00 $40.00 $30.00 $20.00 $57.02 +$34.

00 Figure 2. Our micronutrient study produced mixed results. Generally speaking, the micronutrient treatments performed best when they were used without a plant growth regulator.

71 Rainfall in Inches Central Indiana PFR BECK S Micronutrient Study - Continued Three-Year Versa Max Corn ROI Return/A. $60.00 $50.00 $40.00 $30.00 $20.00 $ $34.47/A. Average $ $10.00 $1.14 $0.00 Figure 1. Two-Year Average Max-In Ultra ZMB & Evergreen ROI $30.00 $25.00 $30.08 Max-In Ultra ZMB Evergreen Return/A. $20.00 $15.00 $19.17 $10.00 Figure 2. Our micronutrient study produced mixed results. Generally speaking, the micronutrient treatments performed best when they were used without a plant growth regulator. Without a growth regulator, the micronutrients increased yields by 2.4 and return on investment by $2.96/A. on average. Versa Max AC performed best, boosting yields by 6.5 and ROI by $20.84/A. Average yield increases were marginal at 1.4 when paired with RyzUp SmartGrass and 0.5 with Ascend. Average returns on investment were negative when the micronutrients and growth regulators were paired. In the past, micronutrient treatments have provided much stronger returns (Figure 1 and 2). We will continue to test these products to determine how consistent they are over time. 71

72 Central Indiana PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Grow 7Seven Study PLANTED: May 23, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 18, 2014 TILLAGE: No-Till POPULATION: 34,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Burndown: ROWS: Four 30" Rows Pre: 1 oz. Sharpen, 22 oz. Roundup PowerMAX 1 qt. Princep 4L, 2.3 qt. Bicep II Magnum REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) Post: 1.7 qt. Lexar, 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 5385A3 The Grow 7Seven program uses a complete, balanced line of liquid foliar plant nutrition, plant immunization and soil health products to give plants the nutrition they need when they really need it. The Grow 7Seven program consists of four products: Seed Soak contains 7-7-7, kelp and humic acid that provide nutrition to seedlings until roots reach a starter or other soil applied fertilizer. Seed Soak is applied as a seed treatment. Vigorex contains with Zinc, Calcium, Manganese and Sulfur. Applied as a seed treetment or as pop up fertilizer, Vigorex provides nutrients to germinating plants until the roots can reach starter or other soil-applied fertilizer, resulting in quicker, more uniform emergence. NutriMax AC contains with Zinc, Manganese, Boron, Calcium and Sulfur. NutriMax AC is a balanced nutritional formula with double systemic action that moves nutrients throughout the plant. It is immediately available to the plant, reduces stress and increases root mass. NutriMax AC is tank sprayed. Nutrisoil is a soil amendment with high concentrations of humic and fulvic acid that restore the soil s chemical, biological and physical properties. It is applied post harvest. Nutrisoil was not used in this specific study, but you can find out more about it in our Soil Amendment Study. Treatment Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment Control $ oz./cwt. Seed Soak $ $ qt. Vigorex In-Furrow $ $ oz. NutriMax V $ $ oz./cwt. Seed Soak + 1 qt. Vigorex In-Furrow + 24 oz. NutriMax V $ $43.32 AVERAGE $ $0.23 corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $75.00/gal. Seed Soak, $78.00/gal. NutriMax AC and $77.00/gal. Vigorex. Some components of the Grow 7Seven program worked well for us, but as an entire package, results were not as as impressive. The program implemented as a whole resulted in a yield loss of 2.2 and a loss in returns of $43.32/A. However, Vigorex and NutriMax AC both produced strong returns when applied individually. Vigorex boosted yields by 11.4 and provided a return on investment of $28.06/A. NutriMax AC increased yields by 12.2 and ROI by $36.00/A. It is hard to say why individual products worked so well while the system as a whole lowered yields. More research will need to be done to prove which parts of the system make economic sense to implement. 72

73 Rainfall in Inches Central Indiana PFR BECK S Pop-up Fertilizer Study PLANTED: May 5, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Double Crop Soybeans HARVESTED: September 29, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Disc/V-Rip, Spring S-Tine POPULATION: 34,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 1 qt. Princep 4L, 2.3 qt. Bicep II Magnum ROWS: Four 30" Rows Post: 1.7 qt. Lexar, 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 6175AM * To place a starter fertilizer in the furrow that will give you a positive return on investment when you re planting corn. Placement of a starter fertilizer (commonly called pop-up ) in the seed furrow, requires care to prevent germination injury from fertilizer salts. The primary benefit of pop-up fertilizers is to provide an accessible nutrient source for root and plant growth when adverse conditions occur soon after planting. All the treatments used in this study were applied with the in-furrow, Totally Tubular Fertilizer System. Treatment Emerged Population Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment 3.5 gal (Control) 33, $1, gal , $1, $ gal qts. Krystal Klear Crop Mix II 33, $1, $ gal. NACHURS W18 33, $1, $ gal. RiseR 33, $ $49.36 AVERAGE 33, $1, $10.24 * corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $4.00/gal , $586.00/Ton , $12.00/gal. Krystal Klear Crop Mix II, $5.00/gal. Nachurs W18 and $14.00/gal. RiseR. In terms of pop-up fertilizer, 3-5 gallons of is the most commonly used product in Central Indiana. Therefore, 3.5 gallons of was used as the control for this study. All the products in this study were applied at a specific rate so the amount of phosphorus was equal at planting. All nitrogen treatments were sidedressed at V4 so the total amount of nitrogen equaled 180 lb./a. When compared to the control, was the only product that increased yields and return on investment. Even when adding Krystal Klear Crop Mix II (a micronutrient package containing 4% Zn, 1% Mn, 0.5% Cu and 0.1% B) to the , only 0.3 was gained for a negative return on investment. Nachurs W18 and RiseR were also unsuccessful for being a replacement to More research needs to be done for evaluating different pop-up fertilizer programs. 73

74 Central Indiana PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Start Right Study PLANTED: May 3, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: September 29, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Vertical-Till/V-Rip, Spring S-Tine POPULATION: 32,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 1 qt. Princep 4L, 2.3 qt. Bicep II Magnum ROWS: Eight 30 Rows Post: 1.7 qt. Lexar, 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 6348A3 To evaluate the use of Start Right with our starter fertilizer program at planting, in an attempt to increase plant health and yield. A combination treatment of Start Right and Over The Top Corn was also tested. Both products are manufactured by Agro Logic, LLC. Start Right is a proprietary formulation of macro and micronutrients sequestered in concentrated organic acids. It is fortified with proprietary plant extracts, enzymes and select soil bacteria. It is for use on all crops at planting or early sidedressing. Over the Top Corn is a proprietary formulation of auxiliary nutrients (macro and micronutrients), designed for foliar application on corn, sorghum and other grains. The nutrient base is fortified with natural diterpenes, extracts of ascophyllum nodosum, natural fermentation compounds and enzymes. Treatment Emerged Population Test Weight Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment Control 30, $1, qt. Start Right 2x2 31, $1, $ qt. Start Right 2x2 + 1 qt. Over the Top V4 31, $1, $12.78 AVERAGE 31, $1, $12.76 and test weight corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $42.00/gal. Start Right, $43.00/gal. Over the Top Corn Year Start Right Yield Gains $ Year Start Right ROI Yield Gain/A Return/A. $60.00 $40.00 $67.87 $ $20.00 $0.00 $12.74 Figure 1. Figure 2. This is the third year for evaluating Start Right in combination with our S starter fertilizer. All three years we have received a positive yield gain and return on investment. Since Start Right has been such a promising product, we decided to also pair it with another Agro Logic, LLC product called Over the Top Corn. Over the Top Corn was applied as a foliar application at the V4 growth stage. When used alone Start Right gave us a $12.74/A. return on investment and Over the Top Corn added an additional $0.04/A. Figure 1 and 2 illustrate three year data for Start Right showing an average yield increase of 11.7 with returns of $50.55/A. Additionally, both products were used in other Central Indiana PFR research plots in Please refer to the Table of Contents to locate those studies. 74

75 Rainfall in Inches Central Indiana PFR BECK S Over the Top Corn Study PLANTED: April 18, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: September 18, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall V-Rip, Spring S-Tine POPULATION: 34,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 1 qt. Princep 4L, 2.3 qt. Bicep II Magnum ROWS: Four 30" Rows Post: 1.7 qt. Lexar, 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate, Force 3G PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 6272AM-R * To evaluate Over the Top Corn as a foliar application at the V4 growth stage. Over the Top Corn is a proprietary formulation of auxiliary nutrients (major and micronutrients), designed for foliar application on corn, sorghum and other grains. The nutrient base is fortified with natural diterpenes, extracts of ascophyllum nodosum, natural fermentation compounds and enzymes. Treatment Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment Control $ qt. Over the Top Corn $ $7.92 AVERAGE $ * corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $43.00/gal. Over the Top Corn. Over the Top Corn boosted yields by 4.5 during its inagural year of use here at Beck s, which translates to a return on investment of $7.92/A. Growing conditions were exceptional this summer, so many products did little to boost yields any further. Over the Top Corn, however, did well and it will be interesting to see how this product performs in a tougher growing year. We look forward to testing this product again in the future. BECK S Respire Study PLANTED: May 22, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 17, 2014 TILLAGE: No-Till POPULATION: 34,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Burndown: ROWS: Eight 30" Rows Pre: 1 oz. Sharpen, 22 oz. Roundup PowerMAX 1 qt. Princep 4L, 2.3 qt. Bicep II Magnum REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) Post: 1.7 qt. Lexar, 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 5435AMX-R * To evaluate Respire Foliar, which is a non-toxic liquid plant food containing micronutrients and biostimulants that promote efficient growth. Foliar applications boost plant respiration under drought stress or unfavorable weather conditions. This product is designed as a foliar spray treatment applied before the V5 growth stage in corn. Respire contains 7% nitrogen, chelated copper, iron, manganese, magnesium, zinc, sulfur, boron, molybdenum, humic acids and liquid fermentation products such as vitamin-b complex. Treatment Test Weight Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment Control $ oz. V $ $5.21 * and test weight corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $96.00/gal. Respire. In this first year study at Central Indiana PFR, Respire offered yield increases of 2.7 with net returns of $5.21/A. Although this year s results were positive, we would expect to see better results in a year in which the environmental stresses were greater. 75

76 Central Indiana PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S In-Furrow Product Study PLANTED: May 10, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: October 11, 2014 TILLAGE: No-Till POPULATION: 34,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Burndown: 1 oz. Sharpen, 22 oz. Roundup PowerMAX ROWS: Four 30" Rows Pre: 1 qt. Princep 4L, 2.3 qt. Bicep II Magnum REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) Post: 1.7 qt. Lexar, 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX INSECTICIDE: Escalate This study was set up to evaluate various fertilizer, nutrient and biological type products applied in-furrow at planting. All applications were applied with the Flo-Rite seed firmer through the in-furrow liquid fertilizer system. Start Right is a proprietary formulation of major and micronutrients sequestered in concentrated organic acids. It is fortified with proprietary plant extracts, enzymes and select soil bacteria. It is for use on all crops at planting or early sidedressing. GantecPro is a high performance product line that includes natural fertilizers, soil conditioners, and foliar adjuvants. The blend of plant-based extracts delivers a unique spectrum of bio-actives, resulting in higher yields and better growth in field crops, vegetables, and transplants. The concentrated formula requires very low application rates, making the benefits of GantecPro products easily accessible. GantecPro adjuvants improve the efficacy of fertilizers and chemicals, and allow for better results at lower rates. TJ Challenge 2050 (1-10-0) is a co-packaged, two component system consisting of a liquid nutrient component and a liquid microbial/mycorrhizae additive. Challenge 2050 is designed to increase root growth, and the mycorrhizal hyphae are known to become an extension of the root. Brand & Treatment 76 Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment BECK 5509A3 Control $ qt. Start Right $1, $ oz. GantecPro $ $ qt. TJ Challenge $ $14.93 AVERAGE $ $6.73 BECK 6175AMX * Control $1, qt. Start Right $1, $ oz. GantecPro $1, $ qt. TJ Challenge $1, $7.47 AVERAGE $1, $0.91 TREATMENT SUMMARY Control $1, qt. Start Right $1, $ oz. GantecPro $1, $ qt. TJ Challenge $ $11.20 AVERAGE $1, $3.82 * corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $78.00/gal. TJ Challenge 2050, $426.00/gal. GantecPro and $42.00/gal. Start Right. This year s results showed a positive yield gain and return on investment for all but one product tested. This is the third year for evaluating Start Right but the first attempt with placing it in-furrow. Every year, in every replication, regardless of placement, we have achieved a yield boost and a positive return on investment from the use of Start Right. GantecPro also showed promise with a positive yield gain and return on investment, in its first year evaluation. Last year, we tested TJ Challenge 2050 in a sidedress application at V4 and received a 1.8 yield boost. This year, we used it in-furrow (it is recommended to use this product at planting) and saw a 2 average yield boost but it wasn t enough to result in a positive return on investment. Two of the three products received a higher yield response when tested on BECK 5509A3 compared to BECK 6175AMX *. Overall, we were able to increase yields above the untreated control by an average 4.4 with an $3.82/A. return on investment with our selection of products.

77 Rainfall in Inches Central Indiana PFR BECK S Phosphorus Efficiency Study PLANTED: May 5, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 4, 2014 TILLAGE: No-Till POPULATION: 34,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Burndown: 1 oz. Sharpen, 22 oz. Roundup PowerMAX ROWS: Eight 30" Rows Pre: 1 qt. Princep 4L, 2.3 qt. Bicep II Magnum REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) Post: Post: 1.7 qt. Lexar, 1 qt. RoundupPowerMAX INSECTICIDE: Escalate, Force 3G PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 6626AM-R * This study tests three phosphorus efficiency products that strive to gain yield by increasing the availability of phosphorus. Avail Phosphorus Fertilizer Enhancer is a unique formulation designed to minimize fixation and maximize your fertilizer investment. P Max LFS is a phosphate fertilizer additive. When mixed with liquid fertilizers containing phosphate, P Max LFS increases phosphate efficiency and plant uptake. Prevent is a phosphorus management aid that helps prevent P fixation in the soil and enhances P uptake. Treatment Emerged Population Test Weight Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment Control 34, $ oz. P Max LFS 33, $ $ oz. Avail 34, $ $ oz. Prevent 33, $ $4.19 AVERAGE 33, $ $2.73 * and test weight corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $122.00/gal. P Max LFS, $211.00/gal. Avail and $180.00/gal. Prevent. $/A. $15.00 $10.00 $5.00 $0.00 -$5.00 -$10.00 Three-Year Return on Investment +$ $3.27 P Max LFS Avail Figure 1. With lower corn prices this year, we feel it is important to utilize as many of the nutrients available as possible. In this study, we received a yield increase from the use of P Max LFS, Avail and Prevent. However, this year, only P Max LFS and Avail provided a positive return on investment (ROI). Three-year data shows a consistent return on investment with the use of P Max LFS. Figure 1 illustrates the three-year average ROI for P Max LFS and Avail. 77

78 Central Indiana PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Plant Growth Regulator Study PLANTED: April 18, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: September 18, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall V-Rip, Spring S-Tine POPULATION: 34,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 1 qt. Princep 4L, 2.3 qt. Bicep II Magnum ROWS: Four 30" Rows Post: 1.7 qt. Lexar, 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate, Force 3G PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 6272AM-R * To evaluate plant growth regulators in an attempt to enhance early season plant growth and maximize corn yields. All application were made foliar at the V4 growth stage. Ascend plant growth regulator contains the optimal combination of three EPA registered plant growth regulators that result in vigorous early plant germination and emergence, a robust root system, larger leaves and wider stems. Ascend can be used as a seed treatment, in-furrow, or as a foliar application. RyzUp SmartGrass plant growth regulator increases early season growth and helps maximize grain yield in field corn. RyzUp SmartGrass enhances early ear, vegetative and root growth for a stronger, more stress tolerant crop with increased capacity for greater yields. Treatment Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment Control $ oz. RyzUp SmartGrass $ $ oz. Ascend $ $8.10 AVERAGE $ $13.24 * Bu/A. corrected to 15% moisture.^net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15 minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $23.00/dry oz. RyzUp SmartGrass and $290.00/gal. Ascend. 6.0 Two-Year Average & ROI $ $ $ $6.00 $/A. 2.0 $ $ RyzUp SmartGrass Ascend ROI +$9.04 +$10.94 $0.00 Both plant growth regulators in our study produced positive results. RyzUp SmartGrass boosted both yield and return on investment the most, with a 7.2 yield increase and an $18.38/A. return on investment. Ascend also posted a respectable 3.7 yield increase and $8.10/A. return on investment. The steady performance of these products has led to solid two year averages in both ROI and yield that can be seen in Figure Figure 1.

79 Rainfall in Inches Central Indiana PFR BECK S Soybean Show Plot PLANTED: May 7, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: Various TILLAGE: Fall Disc/V-Rip, Spring S-Tine POPULATION: 130,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 4 oz. Authority XL ROWS: Three 30" Rows Post: 12 oz. Clethodim, 1 qt. Basagran INSECTICIDE: Escalate Yield Rank Brand Relative Maturity Plant Height (Inches) Pod Height (Inches) Standability 1=Erect 5=Flat Bushels GROUP II 1 BECK 298L BECK 278R4 * BECK 294NR * BECK 233R4 * BECK 265NL BECK 241NR * BECK 238L AVERAGE GROUP III & IV 1 BECK 312R4 * BECK 349L BECK 313NL BECK 366L BECK 354L BECK 337L BECK 394L BECK 335NR * BECK 418NR * BECK 328R2 * BECK 384R2 * BECK 419L BECK 393R4 * BECK 379L BECK 358R4 * BECK 423NL BECK 368NR * AVERAGE * corrected to 13% moisture. 79

80 Central Indiana PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S 100 Bushel Attempt PLANTED: May 8, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 2, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Disc/V-Rip, Spring S-Tine POPULATION: 140,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 4 oz. Authority XL ROWS: Five 15 Rows Post: 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) This is the seventh attempt at 100 bushel soybeans at the Central Indiana PFR Farm. We tested BECK 278R4 * and BECK 368NR * treated with our 100 bushel mixture. The 100 bushel mix consists of Escalate plus Optimize (inoculant and LCO promoter), Bio- Forge ST (anti-oxidant to minimize early season stresses) and VOTiVO (biological barrier that protects against nematodes). All treatments were planted at 140,000 seeds/a. and recieved an application of Priaxor fungicide and Mustang Maxx insecticide at the R3 growth stage. Brand & Treatment Emerged Population Bushels Rep 1 Rep 2 Avg. BECK 278R4 * 100 Bushel Mix 108, qt. Start Right Pre-Emerge + 1 qt. Over The Top R1 102, lb. UAN Preplant Incorporated 116, lb. UAN Preplant Incorporated + 2 qt. Versa Max V3 + 8 oz. R1 131, gal. N.C.S. + 4 gal. Insta K Preplant Incorporated 2 oz./cwt GantecPro Seed Treatment 3 gal qt. Bean Blend + 4 oz. GantecPro V3 3 gal gal. 23% + 1 pt. Bean Blend + 8 oz. GantecPro R3 100, AVERAGE 112, BECK 368NR * 100 Bushel Mix 101, qt. Start Right Pre-Emerge + 1 qt. Over The Top R1 115, lb. UAN Preplant Incorporated 104, lb. UAN Preplant Incorporated + 2 qt. Versa Max V3 + 8 oz. R1 113, gal. N.C.S. + 4 gal. Insta K Preplant Incorporated 2 oz./cwt GantecPro Seed Treatment 3 gal qt. Bean Blend + 4 oz. GantecPro V3 3 gal gal. 23% + 1 pt. Bean Blend + 8 oz. GantecPro R3 92, AVERAGE 105,

81 Rainfall in Inches Central Indiana PFR BECK S 100 Bushel Attempt - Continued Brand & Treatment Emerged Population Bushels Rep 1 Rep 2 Avg. Diff. 2 Treatment Summary 100 Bushel Mix 105, qt. Start Right Pre-Emerge + 1 qt. Over The Top R1 108, lb. UAN Preplant Incorporated 110, lb. UAN Preplant Incorporated + 2 qt. Versa Max V3 + 8 oz. R1 * corrected to 13% moisture. 122, gal. N.C.S. + 4 gal. Insta K Preplant Incorporated 2 oz./cwt GantecPro Seed Treatment 3 gal qt. Bean Blend + 4 oz. GantecPro V3 3 gal gal. 23% + 1 pt. Bean Blend + 8 oz. GantecPro R3 96, AVERAGE 108, We were able to break the 100 bushel barrier this year! Using BECK 368NR * and a combination of our 100 bushel mix and 50 lb. of UAN preplant, we were able to cross the 100 bushel mark in a single replication by one tenth of a bushel. This was only a small margin in a small portion of the plot, but an exciting achievement nonetheless! Although this was only a single break in a single replication, it was symbolic of the success that we experienced throughout the study. The 100 bushel mix plus 50 lb. UAN preplant treatment also gave the strongest results for both brands, with an average 4.4 response. The 100 bushel mix performed well again this year and the 50 lb. UAN + Versa Max Mn + Respire combination also recognized positive yield results. We saw this year, as we have in the past, that more is not always better. The treatment with the largest number of products garnered the poorest results, with an average 8.6 loss. Across all replications, brands and treatments the plot averaged a strong

82 Central Indiana PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Experimental Soybean Show Plot PLANTED: May 24, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 23, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Disc-Rip, Spring S-Tine POPULATION: 130,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 4 oz. Authority XL ROWS: Four 30" Rows Liberty Post: 1 qt. Liberty REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) Roundup Post: 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX INSECTICIDE: Escalate 82 Yield Rank Brand Relative Maturity Plant Height (Inches) Pod Height (Inches) Standability 1=Erect 5=Flat Bushels GROUP II 1 BECK EX BECK 298L BECK 294NR * BECK 265NL BECK 278R4 * AVERAGE GROUP III 1 BECK EX 6203 * BECK 312R4 * BECK 337L BECK EX 6449 * BECK 335NR * BECK EX BECK 366L BECK 394L BECK EX 6443 * BECK 393R4 * BECK EX BECK 379L BECK 354L BECK 384R2 * BECK 358R4 * BECK EX BECK 313NL BECK 328R2 * BECK EX 6447 * BECK 368NR * BECK EX BECK EX BECK 349L BECK EX AVERAGE GROUP IV 1 BECK 418NR * BECK 433R2 * BECK 419L BECK 423NL BECK 425R4 * AVERAGE * corrected to 13% moisture.

Rainfall in Inches 4.09 3.72 4.04 2.74 5.34 19.93 Central Indiana PFR BECK S Escalate vs.

83 Rainfall in Inches Central Indiana PFR BECK S Escalate vs. Untreated Study PLANTED: April 21, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: September 30, 2014 TILLAGE: No-Till POPULATION: 160,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 4 oz. Authority XL, 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX ROWS: Five 15 rows Post: 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) Beck s Escalate yield enhancement system is a proprietary mix of yield enhancing products that comes standard on all Beck s seed. Escalate offers insect protection, improved stands, seedling health and yield. This unique blend is sealed onto each seed using Beck s exclusive polymer. This study compares seven different varieties of Escalate treated soybeans with untreated soybeans in late April planting conditions. In this study we evaluate seed emergence, standability and other plant characteristics. Emerged Population Bushels Brand Escalate Untreated Escalate Adv. Plants/A. Escalate Untreated Escalate Adv. BECK 278R4 * 108,900 88, , BECK 294NR * 82,764 65, , BECK 312R4 * 82,038 66, , BECK 328R2 * 97,284 95,106 +2, BECK 335NR * 77,682 61, , BECK 375NR * 89,298 56, , BECK 384R2 * 90,750 57, , AVERAGE 89,817 70, , corrected to 13% moisture. ESCALATE ADVANTAGE Year Date Planted Final Population 2010 April 2 +4, May 10 +3, April 6 +4, May 2 +2, April , AVERAGE +6, The yield and plant health advantages associated with the Escalate yield enhancement system proved themselves again in With a 14.8 yield advantage over the untreated controls, Escalate performed better than ever. The disease and insect protection provided by Escalate paid off consistently throughout the growing season, resulting in strong early emergence and steady, season-long stands (see Figure 1) that led to exceptional yields. Every variety showed a positive yield advantage over its corresponding control, with six of the seven varieties tested showing a double digit increase. This year s results again prove the effectiveness of the Escalate system and boost the five year advantage to 6.7 Population Average Weekly Populations 88,000 86,000 84,000 82,000 80,000 78,000 76,000 74,000 72,000 70,000 May 20, 2014 May 27, 2014 June 3, 2014 June 10, 2014 Untreated 76,230 74,597 74,052 73,508 Escalate 82,764 84,942 85,487 86,031 Figure 1. Untreated Escalate 83

84 Central Indiana PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Herbicide Injury Study PLANTED: April 23, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 1, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Disc/V-Rip, Spring Vertical-Till/S-Tine POPULATION: 140,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 4 oz. Authority XL ROWS: Eleven 15" Rows Roundup Post: 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) Liberty Post: 1 qt. Liberty INSECTICIDE: Escalate This study is designed to evaluate the use of Roundup Ready and LibertyLink herbicide programs. We want to observe any yield effects associated with applications made at the R2, R3 and R4 growth stages. Our controls consist of each respective herbicide applied prior to the R1 growth stage. Brand & Treatment Emerged Population Bushels BECK 391R4 * Glyphosate (Control) 131, R2 141, R3 139, R4 133, AVERAGE 136, BECK 394L4 Liberty (Control) 139, R2 135, R3 138, R4 130, AVERAGE 136, * corrected to 13% moisture. 2 3 Year Herbicide Injury Yield Glyphosate Liberty Control R2 R3 R4 This year s results show a negative effect when applying Liberty at the R2 growth stage. Figure 1 represents our three year average difference for both herbicide programs compared to their respective controls. Both herbicide programs follow the same trend when comparing the different application timings. Even though the R2 growth stage produced negative yields for both herbicides, they are still within one bushel of the control. In conclusion, our three year data set doesn t lead us to believe there is a significant yield drag associated with applying either herbicide past the R1 growth stage. However, it is always recommended to read and follow label directions. For more information on Herbicide Injury please refer to page 319 for multi-location research data. 84 Figure 1.

85 Rainfall in Inches Central Indiana PFR BECK S Pre-Emergent Herbicide Study PLANTED: May 7, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 22, 2014 TILLAGE: No-Till POPULATION: 130,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Burndown: 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX ROWS: Six 30" Rows Post: 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 368NR * Using pre-emergent herbicides allow growers an early start on their weed control in order to gain optimum yield potential. This study was designed to test multiple pre-emergent herbicides with a wide range of weed control. All products were applied immediately after planting on May 7 th. Herbicide Final Population Final Population Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment Control 84, $ qt. Boundary 82,038-2, $ $ oz. Valor XLT 62,799-22, $ $ oz. Authority XL 57,354-27, $ $ oz. Fierce XLT 51,546-33, $ $ oz. Authority MTZ 55,902-29, $ $ oz. Authority Maxx 52,635-32, $ $ oz. dry + 10 oz. liquid OpTill PRO 47,190-37, $ $35.18 AVERAGE 61,801-26, $ $38.14 * corrected to 13% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $11.20/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $11.20/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $82.00/gal. Boundary, $82.00/gal. Valor XLT, $56.00/lb. Authority XL, $95.00/lb. Fierce XLT, $24.00/lb. Authority MTZ, $61.00/lb. Authority Maxx and $19.50/A. OpTill PRO. All of our pre-emergent herbicides were put to the ultimate test this growing season. Due to 3.7 inches of rain and degree temperatures at emergence, we were left with just under 50% of our planted population. The combination of standing water and below average temperatures was the starting point for optimum disease and herbicide injury. Significant amounts of phytophthera and pithium, as well as, ALS and PPO injury were found throughout this year s study. With the excessive amount of rainfall, most residual compounds did not hold up as long as in years past. With the variable stands in the plot, our main focus was to scout and document final populations and weed pressure early in the growing season. The product description and performance reviews for each product can be found below. All descriptions list the active ingredients and their respective modes of action (effect on plant growth). All photographs were taken three weeks after planting (May 28th, 2014). The control received no pre-emergent herbicides. After seven weeks with no herbicides, we were starting to see more weeds than soybeans. Some of the main weeds include marestail, lambsquarter, common ragweed, velvetleaf, pigweed, purslane, and multiple grass species. With those adverse weather conditions at planting and the heavy weed pressure, our final population was around 85,000 plants/a. Boundary herbicide delivers early season grass and broadleaf weed control, excellent resistance management and rotation flexibility. The two active ingredients in Boundary are S-metolachlor and Metribuzin. S-metolachlor is a seedling shoot growth inhibitor while Metribuzin is a photosynthesis inhibitor. During the first four weeks, there were minimal grass escapes with the use of Boundary herbicide, but at the fifth week we started to see a few grass species and broadleaves emerge, mainly velvetleaf and pigweed. Overall, Boundary had good grass control, but wasn t able to keep the heavy broadleaf pressure from emerging. In terms of final stands, Boundary had the highest, other than the control. We feel this was mainly due to the fact that Boundary does not include a PPO herbicide. Valor XLT herbicide offers a broad spectrum broadleaf residual control of tough weeds with two proven modes of action. The two active ingredients in Valor XLT are Flumioxazin and Chlorimuron. Flumioxazin is a cell membrane disrupter while Chlorimuron is an amino acid synthesis inhibitor. With the one two punch Valor XLT offers, it proved to keep both replications broadleaf free for the eight week period before the post herbicide application was made. Multiple grass species were identified after the first three weeks. Valor XLT was the top-performing PPO herbicide used in terms of final populations as well as return on investment. 85

86 Central Indiana PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Pre-Emergent Herbicide Study - Continued Authority XL can be applied in the spring to control tough weeds like marestail, waterhemp, lambsquarters and ragweed. The two active ingredients in Authority XL are Sulfentrazone and Chlorimuron. Sulfentrazone is a cell membrane disruptor while Chlorimuron is an amino acid synthesis inhibitor. Similar to Valor XLT, Authority XL was able to keep both replications broadleaf free for the eight week period before the post herbicide application was made. However, grass was less of an issue with the use of Authority XL when compared to Valor XLT. Authority XL was one of the best herbicides tested in the 2013 Pre-Emergent Herbicide Study and proved itself as a top performer once again in Fierce XLT provides one of the broadest weed control packages available for small and large-seeded broadleaves (including ragweeds), as well as annual grasses. Fierce XLT is one of two products tested in this year s study that provides three modes of action. The three active ingredients in Fierce XLT are Flumioxazin, Pyroxasulfone, and Chlorimuron. Flumioxazin is a cell membrane disrupter, Pyroxasulfone is a seedling shoot growth inhibitor, and Chlorimuron is an amino acid synthesis inhibitor. With the triple modes of action Fierce XLT provides, we were left with zero broadleaf escapes and minimal grasses for the eight week period. Last year we tested Fierce and didn t see a single weed escape all year long. With the increased weed pressure and added weather extremities of the 2014 growing season we were more than pleased with the added performance of Fierce XLT. Authority MTZ is a flexible herbicide that can be used as part of a fall burndown program to control winter annuals and other broadleaf weeds. It can also be used as a pre-emergent herbicide for soybeans. The two active ingredients in Authority MTZ are Sulfentrazone and Metribuzin. Sulfentrazone is a cell membrane disrupter while Metribuzin is a photosynthesis inhibitor. We saw similar results with Authority MTZ as we did with Authority XL. We did observe a little heavier grass pressure escape around five weeks after application. Even though our return on investment wasn t as high as some of the other herbicides, we were still able to gain $7.76/A from the use of Authority MTZ. Authority Maxx provides maximum residual control of small seeded broadleaf weeds, Waterhemp and Palmer Amaranth, in particular. Authority Maxx also provides the most affordable residual control of any other product in the Authority lineup. Authroity Maxx is compromised of the same two active ingredients that are in Authority XL. The only differences between the two herbicides are the ratio of each active ingredient and price. Authority Maxx was one of the top performers of the year in terms of long-lasting broadleaf control. However, it has one of the highest rates of PPO used in this year s study. This led to slightly higher stand loss than some of the other products tested. Overall, Authority Maxx was able to keep weed pressure to a minimum with excellent broadleaf resistance control. Furthermore, if resistant weeds like Waterhemp and Palmer Amaranth are a challenge, Authority Maxx is a good choice for you. OpTill PRO herbicide delivers three overlapping sites of action, giving soybean growers preplant and pre-emergence management of tough-to-control weeds. Powered by Kixor herbicide technology, it provides fast, broad-spectrum burndown and enhanced residual control. The three active ingredients in OpTill PRO are Saflufenacil, Imazethapyr, and Dimethenamid-P. Saflufenacil is a cell membrane disrupter, Imazethapyr is an amino acid synthesis inhibitor, and Dimethenamid-P is a seedling shoot growth inhibitor. OpTill PRO was most impressive with the residual control it was able to offer regardless of the adverse conditions. Overall, it had the least number of weed escapes regardless of species, however, the stand loss was so significant that we did not receive a return on investment from the use of OpTill PRO in We would like to do more testing with OpTill PRO because we know the weed control performance exceeded our expectation, but the potential for plant injury needs continued analysis. Overall, the 2014 growing season was an excellent opportunity for us to test different pre-emergent herbicides. Being able to evaluate not only weed control and residual longevity but also potential herbicide injury effects made it a researcher s dream. Even with the excessive PPO injury we encountered this year, it is still more important than ever to rotate chemistries and take advantage of these and many other great products. In terms of weed resistance: if you don t want it, you must treat it like you already have it. 86 Planting at the Central Indiana PFR Site

87 Rainfall in Inches Central Indiana PFR BECK S Pre-Emergent Herbicide Study - Continued Control Boundary Valor XLT Authority XL Fierce XLT Authority MTZ Authority Maxx OpTill PRO 87

88 Central Indiana PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Tillage Study Soybeans After Corn PLANTED: May 7, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 22, 2014 TILLAGE: Various POPULATION: 130,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Burndown: 1 oz. Sharpen, 22 oz. Roundup PowerMAX (No-Till & Strip-Till) ROWS: Four 30" Rows Pre: 4 oz. Authority XL REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) Post: 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX INSECTICIDE: Escalate To evaluate three tillage practices and their effect on yield in a soybeans after corn rotation. No-till, strip-till and conventional-till methods were compared in this study. The strip-till method consisted of a fall strip-till pass, and the conventional-till method consisted of a fall disc-rip and a pass in the spring with a finishing tool. Three BECK soybean varieties were tested. Brand Emerged Population Plant Height (Inches) Standability 1=Erect 5=Flat Bushels NO-TILL BECK 368NR * 63, BECK 384R2 * 72, BECK 393R4 * 83, AVERAGE 73, STRIP-TILL BECK 368NR * 45, BECK 384R2 * 77, BECK 393R4 * 93, AVERAGE 72, CONVENTIONAL-TILL BECK 368NR * 51, BECK 384R2 * 60, BECK 393R4 * 106, AVERAGE 72, * corrected to 13% moisture No-Till vs. Conventional-Till Soybean Study Twenty-Three-Year Comparison ( , 2014) +0.3 Conv.-Till No-Till Conv.-Till Figure 1.

89 Rainfall in Inches Central Indiana PFR BECK S Tillage Study Soybeans After Corn - Continued Six-Year Strip -Till vs. Conventional-Till Yield Data +1.9 Strip-Till Strip-Till Conv.-Till Figure 2. In this year s study, the no-till method performed the best, producing average yields of 68.0 Strip-till methods gave us 65.9 (2.1 less than no-till), and conventional-till soybeans yielded 58.3 (9.7 less than no-till). We have had mixed results with different tillage methods in the past, but this year no-till was the clear winner. Figure 1 illustrates the twenty-three year yield data for no-till vs. conventional-till soybeans at our Central Indiana PFR site. We have tested strip-till vs. conventional-till for multiple years as well (Figure 2), but his is the first year for evaluating all three tillage practices in the same study. 89

90 Central Indiana PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Vertical-Till vs. Conventional-Till Study Soybeans After Corn PLANTED: May 2, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: September 30, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Vertical-Till/Conventional-Till, Spring Vertical-Till/Conventional-Till POPULATION: 150,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 4 oz. Authority XL ROWS: Five 15" Rows Post: 1 qt. Liberty REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate To evaluate two tillage practices and their effect on yield in a soybeans after corn rotation. This is the second year for comparing vertical and conventional-tillage at the Central Indiana PFR farm as part of a long-term tillage study. The vertical-tillage system is a fall and spring tillage pass with a Case IH True-Tandem 330 Turbo. The conventional-tillage system consists of a fall disc-rip followed by a spring finishing tool. Brand Emerged Plant Height Population (Inches) Pod Height (Inches) Standability 1=Erect 5=Flat Bushels Advantage Conv.-Till CONVENTIONAL-TILL BECK 298L4 131, BECK 313NL 128, BECK 337L4 130, BECK 354L4 121, BECK 366L4 129, BECK 372NL 127, AVERAGE 128, VERTICAL-TILL BECK 298L4 132, BECK 313NL 105, BECK 337L4 116, BECK 354L4 126, BECK 366L4 124, BECK 372NL 102, AVERAGE 117, corrected to 13% moisture. Yield () Vertical-Till vs. Conventional-Till Yield Comparison Two-Year Conventional-Till Advantage 2.1 Bu./A Conventional-Till Average Vertical-Till Average In the second year of our vertical-till/conventional-till study, the conventional-tillage method outperformed vertical-till by an average 2.7, winning five of the six variety comparisons. These results were consistent with our 2013 results, where the conventional-till system showed a 1.5 Bu./A yield advantage while winning all five comparisons. These two-year yield results give conventional-till a 2.1 average advantage over vertical-till (Figure 1). We will continue to evaluate these two tillage practices over time and see if the conventional-tillage method maintains a consistent advantage Year Figure 1.

91 Rainfall in Inches Central Indiana PFR BECK S Soybean After Cover Crop Study PLANTED: April 24, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Various Cover Crops/Corn HARVESTED: September 30, 2014 TILLAGE: No-Till POPULATION: 130,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Burndown: 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX ROWS: Four 30" Rows Pre: 4 oz. Authority XL, 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) Post: 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX INSECTICIDE: Escalate Many farmers have been experimenting with cover crops to determine their ability to scavenge nitrogen, improve soil tilth and reduce compaction. The goal of this study is to evaluate how the use of cover crops before a soybean rotation affects yield and returns of that crop. Two cover crops (Beck s Cereal Rye and Beck s Bean Builder Mix) were planted in the fall preceding the soybean crop. The Beck s Bean Builder Mix was burned down before planting, and Beck s Cereal Rye was burned down after planting. Both cover crops were seeded on September 24, Brand & Treatment Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment BECK 278R4 * Control $ lb. Beck s Cereal Rye $ $ lb. Beck s Bean Builder Mix $ $66.32 AVERAGE $ $12.56 BECK 328R2 * Control $ lb. Beck s Cereal Rye $ $ lb. Beck s Bean Builder Mix $ $5.84 AVERAGE $ $41.20 BECK 358R4 * Control $ lb. Beck s Cereal Rye $ $ lb. Beck s Bean Builder Mix $ $ AVERAGE $ $43.36 COVER CROP SUMMARY Control $ lb. Beck s Cereal Rye $ $ lb. Beck s Bean Builder Mix $ $60.22 AVERAGE $ $2.17 corrected to 13% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $11.20/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $11.20/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $0.36/lb. Beck s Cereal Rye, $1.30/lb. Beck s Bean Builder Mix and $6.00/A. application cost. The two different cover crop treatments provided mixed results. The use of Beck s Cereal Rye resulted in yield increases across all varietes, with a 6.3 average advantage over the control. The Beck s Bean Builder Mix, on the other hand, was less successful. A positive yield response was only recorded in one variety and a 2 yield loss was realized overall. Return on investment was affected similarly. Beck s Cereal Rye provided a $64.56/A. average return, while the use of the Beck s Bean Builder Mix resulted in a $60.22/A. loss. It will be interesting to see how the two crops work to reduce soil compaction, improve tilth and control erosion over time. Losses may be recouped in the future if overall soil health is improved to promote yield increases in later growing seasons. Visit to view more information about Beck s cover crops. 91

92 Central Indiana PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Planting Date Study Tile vs. No-Tile PLANTED: Various PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: Various TILLAGE: Fall Disc/V-Rip, Spring S-Tine POPULATION: 150,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 4 oz. Authority XL ROWS: Five 15" Rows Post: 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate When should I start planting soybeans? This is a question that we hear quite often in the spring. At each of the five PFR sites, we perform a planting date study to see when that optimum time to plant was each year. The goal of this study is to gather several years of data to help our customers narrow down the optimum planting time for soybeans. This is the seventeenth year for the Soybean Planting Date Study at our Central Indiana PFR site. This year we compared two soybean varieties on six planting dates ranging from April 18th to June 14th. We also compared all planting dates with and without a drainage tile system. Brand Planting Date Drainage 92 Plant Height (Inches) Standability 1=Erect 5=Flat Bushels BECK 328R2 * April 18th No-Tile BECK 384R2 * AVERAGE BECK 328R2 * April 18th Tile BECK 384R2 * AVERAGE BECK 328R2 * April 26th No-Tile BECK 384R2 * AVERAGE BECK 328R2 * April 26th Tile BECK 384R2 * AVERAGE BECK 328R2 * May 2nd No-Tile BECK 384R2 * AVERAGE BECK 328R2 * May 2nd Tile BECK 384R2 * AVERAGE BECK 328R2 * May 23rd No-Tile BECK 384R2 * AVERAGE BECK 328R2 * May 23rd Tile BECK 384R2 * AVERAGE BECK 328R2 * May 31st No-Tile BECK 384R2 * AVERAGE BECK 328R2 * May 31st Tile BECK 384R2 * AVERAGE BECK 328R2 * June 14th No-Tile BECK 384R2 * AVERAGE BECK 328R2 * June 14th Tile BECK 384R2 * AVERAGE * corrected to 13% moisture.

Rainfall in Inches 4.09 3.72 4.04 2.74 5.34 19.93 Central Indiana PFR BECK S Planting Date Study Tile vs. No-Tile - Continued 85.0 80.0 75.0 2014 Tile vs. No-Tile Yield Trend May 25th Tile No-Tile 70.

93 Rainfall in Inches Central Indiana PFR BECK S Planting Date Study Tile vs. No-Tile - Continued Tile vs. No-Tile Yield Trend May 25th Tile No-Tile April 18th April 26th May 2nd May 23rd May 31st June 14th Planting Date Figure Planting Date Yields April 18th April 26th May 2nd May 23rd May 31st June 14th Planting Date Figure 2. of Average Yield % % % % 95.00% 90.00% 85.00% 80.00% 75.00% Soybean Planting Dates % % % % % % 99.30% 93.20% 88.60% Mar 21-Mar 31 April 2-6 April 9-14 April May 1-12 May May 29-June 2 June 4-17 June Planting Dates Figure 3. This year s planting date study showed an 18.6 swing in yield across all six planting dates. Our first planting date was April 18th, which was also our highest yielding planting, at an average of 82.6 BECK 328R2 * out-yielded BECK 384R2 * by an average of 2.7 across all planting dates and drainage systems in The non-tiled section out-yielded the tiled portion by an average of 1.1 Figure 1 illustrates the tile vs. no-tile yield trend. The red dashed line represents the approximate date (May 25 th ) when the yield advantage switched from non-tiled to tiled. Figure 2 illustrates the 2014 average yield by planting date. Figure 3 illustrates the percent of average yield for each planting date range over the past seventeen years. In conclusion, our multi-year optimum soybean planting date is between April 15 th and April 28 th. 93

94 Central Indiana PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Foliar Fungicide Study PLANTED: May 5, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 1, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Disc/V-Rip, Spring S-Tine POPULATION: 130,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 4 oz. Authority XL ROWS: Four 30" Rows Post: 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate One potential input on many growers minds is foliar fungicide to help manage several common foliar diseases. This study was designed to evaluate different fungicides applied at the R3 growth stage. Priaxor features the most advanced chemistry ever developed for a range of crops including soybeans, potatoes and tomatoes. It is powered by Xemium fungicide, a new active ingredient that continuously distributes its chemistry throughout the leaf to deliver more consistent disease protection. Priaxor is a combination of Xemium and the same active ingredient in Headline fungicide. This combination delivers continuous protection and plant health benefits. Stratego YLD fungicide features the latest in triazole technology for corn and soybeans. Offering two modes of action, it provides both preventitive and curative activities and systemic movement to provide broad-spectrum, long-lasting disease control and higher yield potential. Stratego YLD can be applied to corn early season and/or at tassel, or soybeans. Quadris fungicide offers optimal disease control to help corn, potato, soybean and vegetable growers, among others, to maximize return on investment. It is broad-spectrum and provides complete plant protection with its xylem-mobile systemic activity. Quadris also enables crops to utilize resources like air, water and nutrients more efficiently. Fortix combines a highly systemic, fast-acting strobilurin with a long-lasting triazole to let you spray once for season-long benefits in corn and soybeans. Fortix can be applied early, allowing growers the flexibility of applying via ground equipment. Aproach is a broad-spectrum fungicide that will deliver more reliable results by controlling both foliar and soil-bourne fungal diseases. Rapid uptake and quick movement into the plant helps compensate for less-than-ideal timing brought on by weather and other crop demands that make it difficult to plan fungicide applications perfectly. Treatment Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment BECK 294NR * Control $ oz. Stratego YLD $ $ oz. Quadris $ $ oz. Priaxor $ $ oz. Fortix $ $ oz. Aproach $ $47.14 AVERAGE $ $69.98 BECK 358R4 * Control $ oz. Stratego YLD $ $ oz. Priaxor $ $ oz. Quadris $ $ oz. Aproach $ $ oz. Fortix $ $20.86 AVERAGE $ $56.99 TREATMENT SUMMARY Control $ oz. Stratego YLD $ $ oz. Quadris $ $ oz. Priaxor $ $ oz. Aproach $ $ oz. Fortix $ $36.54 AVERAGE $ $ * corrected to 13% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $11.20/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $11.20/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $522.00/gal. Stratego YLD, $347.00/gal. Quadris, $543.00/gal. Priaxor, $402.00/gal. Fortix, $300.00/gal. Aproach and $6.00/A. application cost.

00 Two-Year Average ROI $48.62 $45.70 $38.56 8 2013 $40.00 6 4 3.0 4.4 2.2 2014 $/A. $30.00 $20.00 2 $10.00 0 $0.

Scouting for disease pressure in soybeans should be done prior to the R3 growth stage, especially if the weather has been rainy

Consistent rain throughout the summer months made favorable conditions for high disease pressure. An average 8.

Quadris was the biggest yield protector, increasing yield by 10 However, Stratego YLD gave the greatest return on investment,

95 Rainfall in Inches Central Indiana PFR BECK S Foliar Fungicide Study - Continued 10 Two-Year Fungicide Advantage $50.00 Two-Year Average ROI $48.62 $45.70 $ $ $/A. $30.00 $ $ $0.00 Stratego YLD Priaxor Quadris Stratego YLD Priaxor Quadris Figure 1. Figure 2. Scouting for disease pressure in soybeans should be done prior to the R3 growth stage, especially if the weather has been rainy and/or humid. These types of conditions increase the plant s susceptibility to foliar diseases. Consistent rain throughout the summer months made favorable conditions for high disease pressure. An average 8.0 advantage was realized for all fungicides, resulting in a $63.48/A. return on investment. Quadris was the biggest yield protector, increasing yield by 10 However, Stratego YLD gave the greatest return on investment, providing an $82.97/A. economic advantage. This data proves that fungicides can certainly pay off in the right conditions. It is important to scout your fields and realize when conditions are right for fungicides to be applied. Figure 1 shows the two-year yield advantage provided by Stratego YLD, Priaxor and Quadris, while Figure 2 shows the average two-year return on investment from these fungicides. 95

Authority XL ROWS: Four 30" Rows Post: 1 qt.

96 Central Indiana PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Foliar Insecticide Study PLANTED: May 5, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 1, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Disc/V-Rip, Spring S-Tine POPULATION: 130,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 4 oz. Authority XL ROWS: Four 30" Rows Post: 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate This study is designed to evaluate two different insecticides at the R3 (beginning pod) growth stage. Treatment Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment BECK 294NR * Control $ oz. Mustang Maxx $ $ oz. Double Take $ $22.60 AVERAGE $ $55.58 BECK 358R4 * Control $ oz. Mustang Maxx $ $ oz. Double Take $ $32.68 AVERAGE $ $55.02 TREATMENT SUMMARY Control $ oz. Mustang Maxx $ $ oz. Double Take $ $27.64 AVERAGE $ $55.30 * corrected to 13% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $11.20/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $11.20/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $160.00/gal. Mustang Maxx, $ Double Take and $6.00/A. application cost. 2 Year Insecticide Return on Investment Return on Investment $ $80.00 $60.00 $40.00 $20.00 $82.96 $59.96 $45.75 $27.64 Mustang Maxx Double Take $ Figure 1. Both insecticides performed well this year. Mustang Maxx raised yields by 8.3 across both varieties while providing an impressive $82.96/A. return on investment. Double Take increased yields by 4.1 on average and raised returns by $27.64/A. Insecticide applications at the R3 growth stage have proven to be a profitable decision over the past two years (see Figure 1). 96

97 Rainfall in Inches Central Indiana PFR BECK S Nematode Seed Treatment Study PLANTED: April 19, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 1, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Disc/V-Rip, Spring S-Tine POPULATION: 150,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 4 oz. Authority XL ROWS: Eleven 15" Rows Post: 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX, 6 oz. Clethodim REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) To evaluate different seed treatments available on soybeans that offer protection against soybean cyst nematode. The following treatments were used in this study: Clariva, a proprietary seed treatment nematicide, is based on the Pasteuria technology which consists of naturally occurring soil bacteria with a unique, direct mode of action on nematodes including microscopic worm-shaped soil organisms which cause significant damage to all major agricultural crops. Poncho /VOTiVO seed treatment protects young plants from pests during critical early development stages, leading to healthier root development and stronger stands. Applied directly to the seed, Poncho/VOTiVO protects the whole plant, above and below ground, preventing damage to early-season seedlings and roots before pests can strike. Poncho/VOTiVO employs a biological mode of action with a unique bacteria strain that lives and grows with young roots, creating a living barrier that prevents nematodes from causing damage. It also has a systemic agent that is absorbed by new roots immediately, providing control of many critical early-season insect pests. This dual protection results in healthier plant establishment and a more uniform crop, positively impacting yields. Brand & Treatment Emerged Population Bushels BECK 335NR * Escalate + Optimize (Control) 132, Clariva Complete + Optimize 100, Escalate + Poncho/VOTiVO + Optimize 132, AVERAGE 121, BECK 368NR * Escalate + Optimize (Control) 87, Clariva Complete + Optimize 129, Escalate + Poncho/VOTiVO + Optimize 111, AVERAGE 109, TREATMENT SUMMARY Escalate+Optimize (Control) 109, Clariva Complete+Optimize 114, Escalate + Poncho/VOTiVO + Optimize 121, AVERAGE 115, corrected to 13% moisture. Both Clariva and Poncho/VOTiVO increased yields on average. The highest returns were achieved when tested on BECK 335NR * : 3.3 for Clariva Complete and 1.3 for Poncho/VOTiVO. Clariva Complete provided higher and more consistent results than Poncho/VOTiVO on all varieties tested. This study was tested at all Beck s PFR locations, so for more information on nematode seed treatments please refer to pages for multi-location research data. 97

98 Central Indiana PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Nitrogen Study PLANTED: May 7, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: September 23, 2014 TILLAGE: No-Till POPULATION: 130,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Burndown: 1 oz. Sharpen, 22 oz. Roundup PowerMAX ROWS: Eight 30" Rows Pre: 4 oz. Authority XL REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) Post: 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 278R4 * To investigate the effect of a supplemental nitrogen source on yield in soybeans. In this study we looked at UAN and Urea at rates of 30 lb./a. and 40 lb./a. at different application timings. Treatment Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment Control $ lb. Preplant UAN $ $ lb. Sidedress V $ $ lb. Broadcast R $ $58.46 AVERAGE $ $67.22 Control $ lb. Preplant UAN $ $ lb. Sidedress V $ $ lb. Broadcast R $ $44.72 AVERAGE $ $42.59 * corrected to 13% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $11.20/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $11.20/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $0.60/lb. UAN and $0.59/lb. Urea. Root and nodule evaluations of Beck 278R4 * taken on August 20th In this first year study at the Central Indiana PFR site, we saw yield increases from all treatments when compared to their respective controls. These results are not surprising, considering the soybeans were not able to fixate as much of their own nitrogen due to saturated soil conditions early in the growing season. The highest yield increase was obtained from 30 lb. preplant UAN with a 9.9 increase over the control. This particular treatment also achieved the highest return on investment at $92.88/A. Overall, the highest returns on investment were achieved by the 30 lb./a. rate with an average of $24.63/A. advantage over the 40 lb./a. rate. 98

99 Rainfall in Inches Central Indiana PFR BECK S In-Furrow Product Study PLANTED: May 24, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 23, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Disc-Rip, Spring S-Tine POPULATION: 130,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 4 oz. Authority XL ROWS: Four 30" Rows Post: 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate This study was set up to evaluate various fertilizer, insecticide, and fungicide products applied in-furrow at planting. Applications were made through the Totally Tubular Fertilizer System. Capture LFR is an at-plant insecticide that can eliminate most soil pests before they have a chance to injure developing seedlings. Without injury, stand count improves and robust roots transfer more yield-producing energy. NACHURS HKW6 fertilizer is manufactured by utilizing quality raw materials including ammonia, urea, phosphoric acid and potassium acetate. This provides a very agronomically efficient source of N-P-K which ensures that the soybean plant has adequate available phosphorous and potassium to aid maximum yield potential. Priaxor features the most advanced chemistry ever developed for a range of crops including corn, soybeans, potatoes and tomatoes. It is powered by Xemium fungicide, a new active ingredient that continuously distributes its chemistry throughout the leaf to deliver more consistent disease protection. Priaxor is a combination of Xemium and the same active ingredient in Headline fungicide. This combination delivers continuous protection and plant health benefits. Brand & Treatment Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment BECK 328R2 * Control $ oz. Capture LFR $ $ gal. NACHURS HKW6 (2-6-16) $ $ oz. Priaxor $ $5.77 AVERAGE $ $5.53 BECK 368NR * Control $ oz. Capture LFR $ $ gal. NACHURS HKW6 (2-6-16) $ $ oz. Priaxor $ $2.07 AVERAGE $ $6.65 TREATMENT SUMMARY Control $ oz. Capture LFR $ $ gal. NACHURS HKW6 (2-6-16) $ $ oz. Priaxor $ $1.85 AVERAGE $ $6.09 * corrected to 13% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $11.20/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $11.20/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $300.00/gal. Capture LFR, $5.00/gal. NACHURS HKW6 (2-6-16) and $543.00/gal. Priaxor. Of the three products tested in this study, Capture LFR produced the strongest results, boosting yields by 2 and providing a return on investment (ROI) of $13.87/A. on average. Our first attempt at applying a starter fertilizer to soybeans was also successful with the use of NACHURS HKW6, increasing ROI by $6.24/A. Priaxor, which we have seen do well when applied foliar at a later growth stage, did not work as effectively. When averaged on both soybean varieties, Priaxor did not boost yields enough for a positive return on investment, even though when applied to BECK 368NR * we received a $2.07/A. return on investment. However when applied to BECK 368NR * we received a $2.07/A. return on investment. Our results show that in-furrow applications on soybeans can be effective, but you should always be sure to check label directions for proper rates and placement to ensure seed safety. 99

100 Central Indiana PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Micronutrient Study PLANTED: May 3, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: September 24, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Disc/V-Rip, Spring S-Tine POPULATION: 130,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 4 oz. Authority XL ROWS: Four 30" Rows Post: 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate This study evaluates multiple micronutrient products in an effort to boost soybean yields. All treatments were applied at either the V4 or R1 growth stage depending on product type. Versa Max Mn provides the micronutrient manganese (Mn). Manganese is essential in plant growth, affecting carbohydrate and nitrogen assimilation, chlorophyll production and crop maturity. Versa Max Mn is intended to be used as a supplement to a standard fertilizer program. Versa Max Soybean is a dynamic mixture of macro and micronutients that can be applied as a foliar, row starter, or sidedress application. Versa Max Soybean improves plant health by providing efficient delivery of nitrogen (N) and other essential nutrients (S, Fe, Mn and Zn) as part of a total fertility program that will decrease plant stress and increase yield potential. Versa Max AC is a blend of macro and micronutrients designed for use in all crops and may be used for soil or foliar applications. Versa Max AC aims to improve plant health by providing efficient delivery of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) and other essential micronutrients (S, Fe, Mn, Zn) as part of a total fertility program. Max-In Ultra Mn is an effective foliar product that supplies manganese, which is vital for increased plant health and growth. Max- In products featuring the Ultra formulation include SureTank technology for enhanced compatibility with glyphosate and other postemergent herbicides, as well as soluble fertilizers. Max-In Ultra ZMB consists of zinc, manganese, sulfur and boron. Max-In products include patented CornSorb technology, which greatly increases movement of the micronutrients through the leaf cuticle to internal leaf structures. This makes more of the applied nutrient available for use by the plant. Treatment 100 Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment BECK 312R4 * Control $ qt. Versa Max R $ $ qt. Versa Max R $ $ qt. Versa Max V $ $ qt. Max-In Ultra R $ $ qt. Max-In Ultra V $ $20.16 AVERAGE $ $38.59 BECK 375NR * Control $ qt. Max-In Ultra V $ $ qt. Max-In Ultra R $ $ qt. Versa Max V $ $ qt. Versa Max R $ $ qt. Versa Max R $ $7.91 AVERAGE $ $15.96 TREATMENT SUMMARY Control $ qt. Versa Max R $ $ qt. Versa Max R $ $ qt. Versa Max V $ $ qt. Max-In Ultra V $ $ qt. Max-In Ultra R $ $14.04 AVERAGE $ $27.28 * corrected to 13% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $11.20/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $11.20/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $23.50/gal. Versa Max Soybean, $24.50/gal. Versa Max AC, $13.00/gal. Versa Max Mn, $28.00/gal. Max-In Ultra ZMB and $25.50/gal. Max-In Ultra Mn.

Rainfall in Inches 4.09 3.72 4.04 2.74 5.34 19.93 Central Indiana PFR BECK S Micronutrient Study - Continued $120.00 $100.00 Micronutrient ROI Summary $103.56 $80.00 $77.

101 Rainfall in Inches Central Indiana PFR BECK S Micronutrient Study - Continued $ $ Micronutrient ROI Summary $ $80.00 $77.32 Versa Max Mn Versa Max Soybean $/A. $60.00 $59.61 $54.42 Max-In Ultra ZMB Max-In Ultra Mn $40.00 $44.01 $28.47 $35.04 $27.10 $22.41 $20.00 $14.04 $ Figure 1. We experienced a positive yield gain and return on investment from all products tested, just as we did last in On average, Versa Max AC achieved the highest return on investment at $37.81/A.Versa Max Soybeans gave us the highest yield with a 4.3 advantage over the control. BECK 312R4 * responded more favorably to the treatments, experiencing a 4.2 boost compared to a 2.2 increase in the BECK 375NR *. Figure 1 shows the three-year return on investment data that we have compiled for both Versa Max Soybean and Versa Max Mn, as well as two-year data on Max-In Ultra ZMB and Max-In Ultra Mn. Central Indiana PFR Operations Lead, Jason Gahimer, applying Versa Max Mn in the micronutrient study. 101

102 Central Indiana PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Start Right & Over the Top Soybeans Study PLANTED: May 24, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 23, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall V-Rip, Spring S-Tine POPULATION: 130,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 4 oz. Authority XL ROWS: Four 30" Rows Post: 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate To evaluate the use of Start Right in-furrow at planting and Over the Top Soybeans foliar at the R1 growth stage. Both products are manufactured by Agro Logic, LLC. Start Right is a proprietary formulation of major and micronutrients sequestered in concentrated organic acids. It is fortified with proprietary plant extracts, enzymes and select soil bacteria. It is for use on all crops at planting or early sidedressing. Over the Top Soybeans is a proprietary formulation of major and micronutrients sequestered in humic and fulvic acids. It is fortified with extracts of Ascophyllum nodosum and Chondrus crispus, enzymes, amino acids, and natural diterpines. When used properly, components can enhance blooming and pod set on soybeans. Brand BECK 335NR * Emerged Population Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment Control 105, $ qt. Start Right In-Furrow 99, $ $ qt. Over the Top R1 104, $ $ qt. Start Right In-Furrow + 1 qt. Over the Top R1 89, $ $2.09 AVERAGE 99, $ $10.55 BECK 375NR * Control 104, $ qt. Start Right In-Furrow 99, $ $ qt. Over the Top R1 105, $ $ qt. Start Right In-Furrow + 1 qt. Over the Top R1 99, $ $30.09 AVERAGE 102, $ $1.77 TREATMENT SUMMARY Control 104, $ qt. Start Right In-Furrow 99, $ $ qt. Over the Top R1 105, $ $ qt. Start Right In-Furrow + 1 qt. Over the Top R1 94, $ $16.09 AVERAGE 101, $ $4.39 * corrected to 13% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $11.20/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $11.20/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $42.00/gal. Start Right and $47.00/gal. Over the Top Soybeans. 102

103 Rainfall in Inches Central Indiana PFR BECK S Start Right & Over the Top Soybeans Study - Continued We saw mixed results in this year s Start Right/Over the Top Soybeans Study. When applied to BECK 335NR * soybeans, the Start Right application resulted in a $10.50/A. loss, while the Over the Top treatment added $44.25/A. to profits. Conversely, when applied to BECK 375NR *, the results were the opposite: with Start Right added $20.86/A. to profits, and Over the Top Soybeans produced only $3.93/A. in gains. We have used Start Right the past few years in corn with good results, and the average returns here show that it could be useful in soybeans as well. We look forward to testing these products in the future and building a long-term data set. BECK S GantecPro Study PLANTED: May 5, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: September 23, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Disc/V-Rip, Spring S-Tine POPULATION: 130,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: ROWS: Four 30" Rows Post: 4 qt. Authority XL 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 233R4 * To evaluate the use of GantecPro in-furrow at planting and as a foliar application at the V3 growth stage. GantecPro is a high performance product line that includes natural fertilizers, soil conditioners, and foliar adjuvants. The blend of plant-based extracts delivers a unique spectrum of bio-actives, resulting in higher yields and better growth in field crops, vegetables, and transplants. The concentrated formula requires very low application rates, making the benefits of GantecPro products easily accessible. GantecPro adjuvants improve the efficacy of fertilizers and chemicals, and allow for better results at lower rates. Treatment Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment Control $ oz. GantecPro In-Furrow $ $ oz. GantecPro In-Furrow + 4 oz. V $ $15.42 AVERAGE $ $8.77 * corrected to 13% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $11.20/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $11.20/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $426.00/gal. GantecPro. GantecPro positively increased yields by 1, showing that there is potential for this product. However, that meager yield increase was not enough to offset the cost of the product, resulting in a return on investment of -$8.77/A. It would be interesting to see if GantecPro would produce better yields in less ideal growing conditions. The steady rains and general good weather that we saw here in Central Indiana may have caused plants to have minimal need for the nutrients that GantecPro provided. 103

104 Central Indiana PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Soil Amendment Study PLANTED: May 5, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 22, 2014 TILLAGE: No-Till POPULATION: 130,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Burndown: ROWS: Eight 30" Rows Pre: 1 oz. Sharpen, 22 oz. Roundup PowerMAX 4 oz. Authority XL REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) Post: 1 qt. Liberty INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 366L4 Plant health starts in the soil. In this study, we look to test a series of products that amend the soil in a variety of fashions and see how they affect plant health and yields. All products were applied preplant on April 17, Soil Boost is a unique combination of plant substances in a humic acid base intended to promote root growth by providing supplemental plant nutrients. Soil boost contains 5% nitrogen and 0.5% zinc. NutriSoil is a highly concentrated mix (25%) of humic and fulvic acid formulated to effectively restore the soil s chemical, biological, and physical properties. NutriSoil is a complement to fertilizer. M-Power is a dormant spore-based liquid that is designed to help rejuvenate the microbial population, diversity, and level of activity in the soil. With M-Power, the time required for decomposition and nutrient release of organic matter is reduced. N.C.S. can speed up the conversion of crop residue into humus, which will help conserve nutrients and water in the soil while nurturing bacteria that will enhance the yields of future crops. Treatment Emerged Population Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment Control 65, $ qt. Soil Boost 75, $ $ qt. M-Power 68, $ $ gal. N.C.S. 78, $ $ qt. Nutrisoil 62, $ $9.20 AVERAGE 70, $ $61.81 * corrected to 13% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $11.20/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $11.20/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $46.00/gal. Soil Boost, $56.00/gal. M-Power, $5.00/gal. N.C.S., and $120.00/gal. Nutrisoil. All of the products in our soil amendment study provided increased yields and a positive return on investment. Our strongest product, Soil Boost, pushed yields to 11.6 Bu./A over the control, resulting in an exceptional $118.42/A. return on investment. Nutrisoil, the worst performer in this study, still showed a 3.5 yield boost and $9.20/A. return on investment. All of these products performed exceptionally well, boosting yields during an already good year. We have seen strong responses from many products containing organic acids, such as humic and fulvic acid. 104

105 Rainfall in Inches Central Indiana PFR BECK S Double Crop Soybean Show Plot PLANTED: June 30, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Wheat HARVESTED: November 3, 2014 TILLAGE: No-Till POPULATION: 250,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Liberty Post: 1 qt. Liberty ROWS: Eleven 7.5" Rows Roundup Post: 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate Yield Rank Brand Relative Maturity Plant Height (Inches) Standability 1=Erect 5=Flat Bushels 1 BECK 394L BECK 366L BECK 384R2 * BECK 328R2 * BECK 312R4 * BECK 349L BECK 337L BECK 294NR * BECK 379L BECK 313NL BECK 368NR * BECK 354L AVERAGE * corrected to 13% moisture. Central Indiana PFR Summer Team: (L to R) Scott Denton, Jason Gahimer, Ross Eckart, Austin Finley and Lincoln Gaston. 105

106

What an exciting year it has been at the Kentucky Practical Farm Research Site! In November of 2013, the construction of the new Henderson facility was completed.

107 What an exciting year it has been at the Kentucky Practical Farm Research Site! In November of 2013, the construction of the new Henderson facility was completed. This new office hosts not only PFR staff, but also a research crew, local sales support, warehouse and distribution services. We hosted our annual field show at our new building for the first time. With record breaking attendance, it was a huge success! Preparations for this growing season began with the planting of cover crops and wheat. All of the wheat at the Henderson location was planted from October 12th -20th, Good weather after planting provided us with great stands going into the winter. Chris Robinson KYPFR Director Brandon Somers KYPFR Operations Lead Mid-March and the first half of April provided us with excessive rain that kept us out of the field. During the month of April we received over nine inches of rain. We were finally able to get the planter rolling on the 19th of April to get our first corn planting date entry and plot planted. Most of the corn was planted in two windows, like last year, from April 19th to April 26th and May 5th to May 10th. A few days of wet weather kept us out of the field during the week in between these windows. Soybean planting began on April 24th with the planting of our first soybean planting date entry. The majority of the soybeans at the Henderson location were planted from May 26th to May 28th. Good weather and ground conditions allowed us to get the first crop soybeans planted in a very short period of time. Wheat harvest also proved to be very exciting! Harvest began on June 17th and was finished up on June 20th. We were very pleased with yields that ran in the range. This was followed up with the planting of double crop soybeans. Most of these plots were planted on June 21st. Higher than normal rainfall and cooler than normal temperatures during the months of July and August provided us with yet another year of high yielding crops. Corn harvest began with the shelling of our first plot on September 5th. Corn yields across the farm averaged approximately with very few yields below 200, very similar to what we saw at this location last year. Soybean harvest began on September 23rd with the harvest of our first planting date entries. We continued to see very good yields in the soybeans. For the first time we had soybean yields break the 100 barrier! We are excited to have not only done this on one plot but two. Yields were primarily in the range for first crop soybeans and range for double crop soybeans. We look forward to seeing many of you at our Winter Meetings and annual Field Show on August 6th, As always feel free to contact us with any questions or ideas that you may have for plots in the future. 107

108 Kentucky PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Corn Show Plot PLANTED: April 23, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: September 17, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till/Field Cultivation POPULATION: 32,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: 3 oz. Capreno, 1 qt. Generic Atrazine ROWS: Three 30" Rows INSECTICIDE: Escalate Yield Rank Brand Bushels 1 BECK 6626AM-R * Phoenix 6542A4 ** BECK 6348A BECK 5509A BECK EX 1434 (6365 Genetics) * BECK 6575HR * BECK EX 1423 (6158 Genetics) * Phoenix 5842EZ ** BECK 6948A BECK EX 2425 (6873 Genetics) * BECK EX 1473 (5852 Genetics) Phoenix 5832A3 ** BECK 6272AM-R * BECK 6967VR Phoenix 5552EZ ** BECK EX 8361 (6347 Genetics) BECK 6778AM * BECK 6372wx BECK 5828AM * BECK 5385A BECK 6175AM * BECK 5475AM * BECK EX 1420 (5939 Genetics) * AVERAGE * ** Phoenix brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. Phoenix is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. corrected to 15% moisture. 108

109 Rainfall in Inches Kentucky PFR BECK S Sub-Irrigated Corn Show Plot PLANTED: April 23, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: September 17, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till/Field Cultivation POPULATION: 32,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: 3 oz. Capreno, 1 qt. Generic Atrazine ROWS: Three 30" Rows INSECTICIDE: Escalate Yield Rank Brand Test Weight Bushels 1 BECK 6626AM-R * BECK 6967VR Phoenix 6542A4 ** BECK EX 2425 (6873 Genetics) * BECK 6948A BECK EX 1434 (6365 Genetics) * BECK EX 1423 (6158 Genetics) * BECK 6348A BECK 6575HR * BECK 6272AM-R * BECK 5509A Phoenix 5832A3 ** BECK 6778AM * BECK 5475AM * BECK EX 8361 (6347 Genetics) Phoenix 5842EZ ** BECK 5828AM * BECK 6372wx Phoenix 5552EZ ** BECK 6175AM * BECK EX 1420 (5939 Genetics) * BECK EX 1473 (5852 Genetics) BECK 5385A AVERAGE * ** Phoenix brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. Phoenix is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. and test weight corrected to 15% moisture. We are excited to present the first data set from our irrigated show plot. In the process of learning how to use this system, the irrigated corn show plot was over watered, which resulted in lower yields for the irrigated portion. As we move into 2015, we look forward to taking what we have learned and applying it to the next growing season. 109

Kentucky PFR Rainfall in Inches 9.99 2.61 2.41 2.76 3.66 21.

110 Kentucky PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S 300 Bushel Attempt Corn After Soybeans PLANTED: May 20, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: October 2, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till/Field Cultivation POPULATION: 38,500 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Post: 1 qt. Generic Glyphosate, 2 qt. Degree Xtra, 1 qt. Generic Atrazine, ROWS: Six 30" Rows 1 qt. Armezon, REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate The challenge of growing 300 bushel corn was attempted with a variety of treatments.the combination of treatments for all hybrids start with an application of 32.6 units of nitrogen preplant incorporated, followed by 32.6 units of nitrogen 2x2 with the planter, and the final application of 170 lb. of nitrogen sidedressed at V4 brought the total to 235 lb.of nitrogen. An in-furrow treatment of ProGerminator, enhance, Micro 500, Bio-Forge, and Headline fungicide. At V6 a treatment of Priaxor fungicide with Fastac and Bio-Forge was applied, followed by a treatment of Headline AMP fungicide with Fastac and Coron at tasseling (VT). The entries this year were planted at approximately 38,500 seeds per acre. These varieties and treatments were replicated three times. Treatment Emerged Population Test Weight Bushels BECK 6543HR * 35, BECK 5509A3 37, BECK 6626AM-R * 36, BECK 5828AM * 37, BECK 6175AM * 36, Phoenix 6542A4 ** 37, AVERAGE 36, * ** Phoenix brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. Phoenix is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. and test weight corrected to 15% moisture. The early season rainfalls delayed planting of this year s study by seven to ten days, which resulted in slightly lower yields than last year. However this year s yields were very good with Beck 6543HR * leading all averages at This 113 day hybrid showed good top end yield in all three replications. Beck 5509A3 was a close second with

111 Rainfall in Inches Kentucky PFR BECK S Fungicide Timing Study PLANTED: May 7, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: October 2, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till/Field Cultivation POPULATION: 32,500 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Post: 1 qt. Generic Glyphosate, 2 qt. Degree Xtra, ROWS: Four 30" Rows 1 qt. Generic Atrazine, 1 oz. Armezon REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate This study was designed to evaluate the performance of foliar fungicides on corn at various timings. Three treatments were compared to an untreated control: a single application of 4 oz. Priaxor applied at V5; a two-pass program of 4 oz. Priaxor applied at V5 followed by 10 oz. Headline AMP at VT; and a single application of 10 oz. Headline AMP applied at the VT growth stage. Three hybrids representing the three levels of hybrid response (high, medium and low) were used to evaluate if the optimum timing of application is affected by hybrid susceptibility. Brand & Treatment Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment BECK 5509A3 - HIGH SUSCEPTIBILITY Control $1, oz. V $1, $ oz. V oz. Headline VT $1, $ oz. Headline VT $1, $27.28 AVERAGE $1, $32.10 BECK 5828AM * - MEDIUM SUSCEPTIBILITY Control $1, oz. V $1, $ oz. V oz. Headline VT $1, $ oz. Headline VT $1, $14.99 AVERAGE $1, $2.46 PHOENIX 5832A3 ** - LOW SUSCEPTIBILITY Control $1, oz. V $1, $ oz. V oz. Headline VT $1, $ oz. Headline VT $1, $24.96 AVERAGE $1, $28.93 SUMMARY Control $1, oz. V $1, $ oz. V oz. Headline VT $1, $ oz. Headline VT $1, $12.42 AVERAGE $1, $19.53 * ** Phoenix brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. Phoenix is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $543.00/gal. Priaxor,$260.00/gal. Headline AMP, $0.04/point drying cost and $7.00/A. application cost was applied for the VT application not the V5 because it is applied with herbicides. The study showed yield increases on all hybrids with all treatments, but at low levels, with only a 3-6 average increase according to the three rep summary. There was an 8.9 average increase on BECK 5828AM * and a 1.9 Bu./A average increase on Phoenix 5832A3 ** which correlates with our fungicide response ratings. This reminds us that variation in hybrid susceptibility to disease plays a critical role in determining the profitability of fungicide applications on corn. 111

112 Kentucky PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S VT Fungicide Study Continuous Corn PLANTED: May 7, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 1, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till/Field Cultivation POPULATION: 32,500 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: 1 qt. Generic Glyphosate, 2 qt. Degree Xtra, 1 qt. Generic Atrazine ROWS: Four 30" Rows INSECTICIDE: Escalate REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) This study evaluates hybrid specific response to fungicide applications. Nine corn hybrids were compared with and without Headline AMP fungicide, ground applied at full tassel (VT). This study was performed on 2nd year corn after corn. Brand & Treatment Test Weight Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment BECK 5475AM * Control $ oz. Headline AMP $ $28.14 BECK 6175AM * Control $ oz. Headline AMP $ $42.74 BECK 6575HR * Control $ oz. Headline AMP $ $43.70 BECK 6778AM * Control $ oz. Headline AMP $ $14.80 BECK 6948A3 Control $ oz. Headline AMP $ $40.75 BECK EX 1420 (5939 GENETICS) * Control $ oz. Headline AMP $ $38.53 BECK EX 1434 (6365 GENETICS) * Control $1, oz. Headline AMP $1, $5.12 BECK EX 8361 (6347 GENETICS) Control $ oz. Headline AMP $ $52.53 PHOENIX 5552EZ ** Control $ oz. Headline AMP $ $27.43 AVERAGE $32.64 * ** Phoenix brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. Phoenix is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. and test weight corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $260.00/gal. Headline AMP, $0.04/point drying cost and $7.00 application cost. 112

113 Rainfall in Inches Kentucky PFR BECK S VT Fungicide Study Continuous Corn - Continued VT Fungicide Corn After Corn Return on Investment BECK 5475AM * BECK 6175AM * BECK 6575HR * BECK 6778AM * BECK 6948A3 BECK EX 1420 (5939 Genetics) * BECK EX 1434 (6365 Genetics) * BECK EX 8361 (6347 Genetics) Phoenix 5552EZ** $0.00 Return on Investment -$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $14.80 Figure 1. -$ $ $5.12 -$ $27.43 Figure 1. The results of the study show that three of the hybrids in the study: BECK 6778AM *, BECK EX 1434 (6365 Genetics) *, and Phoenix 5552EZ ** showed yield bumps with the application of Headline AMP. Only three of the nine hybrids tested provided positive yield gains, however economic losses occured for every hybrid in this trial. 113

114 Kentucky PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S VT Fungicide Study Corn After Soybeans PLANTED: May 7, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: October 1, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall: Chisel, Spring: Vertical-Till/Field Cultivation POPULATION: 32,500 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Post: ROWS: Four 30" Rows INSECTICIDE: 1 qt. Generic Glyphosate, 2 qt. Degree Xtra, 1 qt. Generic Atrazine Escalate REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) This study evaluates hybrid specific response to fungicide applications in a corn after soybean rotation. Eight corn hybrids were compared with and without Headline AMP fungicide ground applied at full tassel (VT). This comparison will allow us to evaluate the yield differences as well as the return on investment. Brand & Treatment Test Weight Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment BECK 5475AM * Control $ Headline AMP $ $25.86 BECK 6175AM * Control $ Headline AMP $ $44.91 BECK 6575HR * Control $ Headline AMP $ $18.20 BECK 6778AM * Control $ Headline AMP $ $24.36 BECK 6948A3 Control $ Headline AMP $ $12.68 BECK EX 1420 (5939 GENETICS) * Control $ Headline AMP $ $34.97 BECK EX 1434 (6365 GENETICS) * Control $ Headline AMP $ $44.12 PHOENIX 5552EZ ** Control $1, Headline AMP $ $50.39 AVERAGE * ** Phoenix brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. Phoenix is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. and test weight corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost. $260.00/gal. Headline AMP, $0.04/point drying cost and $7.00/A. application cost. BECK 6948A3 showed a 6.6 increase over the control. BECK 6778AM * and BECK 6575HR * also showed positive yield increases. Overall, we did not see a positive return on investment from the use of fungicide this year. 114

115 Rainfall in Inches Kentucky PFR BECK S Closing Wheel Study PLANTED: April 24, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: September 10, 2014 TILLAGE: No-Till POPULATION: 34,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Post: ROWS: Three 30" Rows 1 qt. Generic Glyphosate, 2 qt. Degree Xtra, 1 qt. Generic Atrazine REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 6272AM-R * To determine what effects different closing wheel combinations have on plant emergence and yield. In this study, ten closing wheel combinations were tested on four different pressure settings. The control in this study was the solid rubber closing wheels. Unfavorable planting conditions were targeted for this study, While wheel pressure settings were maintained at optimum pressure for performance and field conditions. Treatment Emerged Population Test Weight Bushels $/A. 2 Solid Rubber (Control) 32, Dawn Curvetine M-Series 34, $ Yetter Spike 1 Rubber 33, $ Dawn Guagetine + 1 Dawn Curvetine 31, $ Yetter Spikes with Drag Chains 31, $ Cast Iron Wheels 32, $ Martin Spikes with Chain 33, $ Cast Iron + 1 Rubber Wheel 32, $ Martin Spike + 1 Rubber Wheel 32, $ Posi Wheels 31, $40.67 AVERAGE 32, * and test weight corrected to 15% moisture. $/A. difference is difference x $4.15/Bu. The Dawn Gaugetine and Curvetine Combination is experimental. This combination is not recommended by Dawn Equipment Company Closing Wheel Advantage 2 Year Summary 2 Solid Rubber (Control) Dawn Curvetine M-Series 2 Martin Spikes with Chain 1 Martin Spike + 1 Rubber Wheel Figure Yetter Spike + 1 Rubber 2 Yetter Spikes with Drag Chains 2 Cast Iron Wheels 1 Cast Iron + 1 Rubber Wheel 2 Posi Wheels In this year s study we found that at the Kentucky PFR location, the Dawn Curvetine performed the best over the control (2 rubber closing wheels). The Dawn Curvetine also gave us our best emerged stands. The combination of a Yetter Spike and rubber closing wheel came in second with a yield of When we look at the 2 year average at the Kentucky PFR site shown in Figure 1, the Yetter Spike Wheel with one rubber wheel has performed the best at 5.1 above the control. This is the first year that we looked at the Dawn Guagetine and Curvetine combination. In this year s study, it was one of only three that gave a positive response. 115

116 Kentucky PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Planting Date Study PLANTED: Various PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: Various TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till/Field Cultivation POPULATION: 34,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: 1 qt. Generic Glyphosate, 2 qt. Degree Xtra, ROWS: Six 30" Rows 1 qt. Generic Atrazine, 1 oz. Armezon INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 6626AM-R * To evaluate the performance of a mid-season and a full-season hybrid planted on several dates throughout the growing season. The long term goal of this study is to gather several years of data to help our customers find the optimum planting date range for corn. Brand Planting Date Harvest Date Test Weight Bushels BECK 5509A April 19, 2014 September 8, 2014 BECK 6626AM-R * AVERAGE BECK 5509A April 24, 2014 September 12, 2014 BECK 6626AM-R * AVERAGE BECK 5509A May 7, 2014 September 12, 2014 BECK 6626AM-R * AVERAGE BECK 5509A May 20, 2014 September 18, 2014 BECK 6626AM-R * AVERAGE BECK 5509A May 27, 2014 September 26, 2014 BECK 6626AM-R * AVERAGE BECK 5509A June 2, 2014 October 8, 2014 BECK 6626AM-R * AVERAGE BECK 5509A June 14, 2014 October 8, 2014 BECK 6626AM-R * AVERAGE * and test weight corrected to 15% moisture. The ten-year average trend for optimum planting dates for corn remained the 3rd week of April through the 1st week of May for the Kentucky PFR farm and surrounding areas. The ten-year study data shows less than a 6 difference if planted between the dates of April 18th and May 10th. This year s study showed that the planting dates of April 24th and May 7th averaged a yield of 226 while the remaining dates of May 20th, 27th, June 2nd and 14th averaged a yield of 169 That is a difference of 57 between the two planting date group averages. Overall, the 2014 data replicates the 10 year data perfectly. While there were some good yields at later planting dates, the best averages fell in the 10 year average planting date window Year Corn Yield by Planting Date < /25 3/31 4/6 4/12 4/18 4/24 4/30 5/6 5/12 5/18 5/24 5/30 6/5 Planting Date Figure 1.

117 Rainfall in Inches Kentucky PFR BECK S Replant Study PLANTED: Various PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: Various TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till/Field Cultivation POPULATION: Various HERBICIDE: 1 qt. Generic Glyphosate, 2 qt. Degree Xtra, ROWS: Six 30" Rows 1 qt. Generic Atrazine, 1 oz. Armezon INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 6626AM-R * The decision to replant can be a tough one for growers. The purpose of this study is to evaluate corn stands and determine whether or not it is profitable to replant. This is done by evaluating the yield performance of corn planted at 20,000 seeds/a. with random spacing versus a more uniform 34,000 seeds/a. at various planting dates. Planting Date Planted Population Test Weight Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment April 19th (Normal 1st Planting) 34, $ April 19th 20, $ April 24th (Replanted) 34, $ $ April 24th 20, $ May 7th (Replanted) 34, $ $83.03 May 7th 20, $ May 20th (Replanted) 34, $ $ May 20th 20, $ May 27th (Replanted) 34, $ $ May 27th 20, $ June 2nd (Replanted) 34, $ $13.64 June 2nd 20, $ June 14th (Replanted) 34, $ $24.00 * and test weight corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $25.00/A. replant cost and $0.04/point drying cost. Return on Investment/A. Six-Year KYPFR Replant Return/A. $ $ $ $ $0.00 -$ /31 4/7 4/14 4/21 4/28 5/5 5/12 5/19 5/26 6/2 Replant Date Figure 1. The results of this year s study once again proves how important good stands are to achieve optimum yields. Returns on the replant investment are still achieved through the planting date of May 31st according to the six-year summary. Although maximum return/a. starts peaking around April 12th for replanting stands of 20,000 plants per acre or less returns can still be seen later through out the year, but become more eratic just as the 2014 year study results provide. 117

118 Kentucky PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Intensive Management Study Non-Irrigated PLANTED: April 21, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: September 18, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel Plow, Spring Field Cultivator, Vertical-Till POPULATION: 38,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Post: 1 qt. Generic Glyphosate, 2 qt. Degree Extra, ROWS: Six 30 Rows 1 qt. Generic Atrazine REPLICATIONS: Two (Averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 6626AM-R * This study was designed in conjunction with BASF to evaluate the use of sequential fungicide applications in an intensive management system. The focus is on maximizing plant health throughout the entire season. The treatments in this study were selected to determine if there are additive yield effects when multiple plant health treatments are applied at various key growth stages. Treatment Harvested Population Test Weight Bushels Diff. Treatment Cost Return on Investment Untreated 35, oz. Headline In-Furrow 36, $ $ oz. Priaxor In-Furrow 36, $ $ oz. Headline R1 36, $ $ oz. V5 f/b 10 oz. Headline R1 4 oz. V5 & V8, 10 oz. Headline VT & R3 6 oz. Headline In-Furrow, 4 oz. V5 & V8, 10 oz. Headline VT & R3 36, $ $ , $ $ , $ $ AVERAGE 36, $26.03 * Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $409.00/gal. Headline, $260.00/gal. Headline AMP, $543.00/gal. Priaxor and $7.00/A. application cost. As we continue to push towards higher yields by maximizing plant health by using fungicides, we increased yield with all but one application on our non-irrigated portion of this plot. When we look at our return on investment, we see that both of our in-furrow treatments gave us a positive ROI, along with the application of 10 oz. Headline AMP at R1. This application gave us our largest ROI at $10.05/A. The rest of the treatments in this portion of the study gave us a negative ROI, even though we saw yield gains from two out of the three. Advantage $3.63 +$ Intensive Management Study -$1.93 -$ $ $ oz. Headline In-Furrow 4 oz. Priaxor In-Furrow 10 oz. Headline R1 4 oz V5 f/b 10 oz. Headline R1 4 oz V5 & V8, 10 oz. Headline VT & R3 6 oz. Headline In-Furrow, 4oz V5 & V8, 10 oz. Headline VT & R3 Figure

119 Rainfall in Inches Kentucky PFR BECK S Intensive Management Study Irrigated PLANTED: April 21, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: September 18, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel Plow, Spring Field Cultivator POPULATION: 38,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Post: 1 qt. Generic Glyphosate, 2 qt. Degree Extra, ROWS: Six 30 Rows 1 qt. Generic Atrazine REPLICATIONS: Two (Averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 6626AM-R * This study was designed in conjunction with BASF to evaluate the use of sequential fungicide applications in an intensive management system. The focus is on maximizing plant health throughout the entire season. The treatments in this study were selected to determine if there are additive yield effects when multiple plant health treatments are applied at various key growth stages. Treatment Harvested Population Test Weight Bushels Diff. Treatment Cost Return on Investment Untreated 36, oz. Headline In-Furrow 36, $ $ oz. Priaxor In-Furrow 37, $ $ oz. Headline R1 37, $ $ oz V5 f/b 10 oz. Headline R1 4 oz V5 & V8, 10 oz. Headline VT & R3 6 oz. Headline In-Furrow, 4 oz. V5 & V8, 10 oz. Headline VT & R3 36, $ $ , $ $ , $ $55.21 AVERAGE 36, * ^Return on Investment based on +/- x $4.15/Bu. Minus treatment cost. $409.00/gal. Headline, $260.00/gal. Headline AMP, $543.00/gal. Priaxor and $7.00/A. application cost. Looking at the irrigated portion of this plot, we see that we had a negative return on investment on all but one entry. The application of 10 oz. of Headline AMP at the R1 growth stage gave us a $8.39/A. return on investment. The other entries failed to give us a positive ROI this year on our irrigated plot. When we look at the yield, we see that we had positive responses from all but one entry, that being 4 oz. Priaxor in furrow. This was the first year that we have had the ability to look at this study in both irrigated and nonirrigated scenarios. 119

120 Kentucky PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Nitrogen Timing Study PLANTED: May 24, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: October 2, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till/Field Cultivation POPULATION: 32,500 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 1 qt. Generic Glyphosate, 2 qt. Degree Xtra, 1 qt. Generic Atrazine, ROWS: Six 30" Rows INSECTICIDE: Escalate REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 6175AM * To evaluate various nitrogen timings in a corn after soybean rotation. Application timings consist of preplant incorporated, 2x2 starter at planting, and various sidedress programs. This study is designed to evaluate timing efficiencies, nitrogen loss and yield. The control in this study is the 100% preplant incorporated treatment. All entries recieved a total of 180 lbs of Nitrogen. Treatment 100% Preplant Incorporated 30% UAN (Control) Emerged Population Test Weight Diff. Net^ Return Return on Investment 31, $ lb. NH 3 Preplant 31, $ $ lb. NH 3 with N-Serve Preplant 31, $ $ lb. NH 3 Preplant lb. V6 31, $ $ gal. 30% UAN 2x2 UAN f/b Balance Sidedress 30% V3 31, $ $ % Sidedress V3 31, $ $ lb. Preplant Incorporated 30% UAN + 50 lb. 30% UAN V4-V5 31, $ $ lb. NH 3 Preplant lb. V6 30, $ $ lb. Urea PPI lb. V6 31, $ $ lb. Urea PPI lb. V6 31, $ $ % Sidedress V6 30, $ $ lb. ESN Preplant 30, $ $ lb. Urea PPI lb. 30% UAN Drop V10 31, $ $28.95 * and test weight corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $0.43/lb. Anhydrous nitrogen, $0.74/lb. ESN, $0.60/lb. UAN, $0.59/lb. Urea, $0.71/lb. SuperU, $42.00/gal. N-Serve, $7.00/A. high clearance sprayer application cost (V10 application only), $4.00/A. dry fertilizer application and $6.00 application cost (50/50 applications). 120

Rainfall in Inches 9.99 2.61 2.41 2.76 3.66 21.

55 100% Nitrogen Sidedress UAN @ V3 Return on Investment 50 40 30 20 10 $36.22 $16.11 $8.98 30 lb. Nitrogen 2x2 UAN + balance Sidedress UAN @ V3 50%.

of preplant incorporated anhydrous provided the best return on investment. However, the 40 lb. of Anhydrous plus 140 lb.

121 Rainfall in Inches Kentucky PFR BECK S Nitrogen Timing Study - Continued Four-Year Nitrogen Timing Summary: Return Over 100% Preplant NH 3 $ % Nitrogen Sidedress V3 Return on Investment $36.22 $16.11 $ lb. Nitrogen 2x2 UAN + balance Sidedress V3 50%. Nitrogen PPI UAN + 50% Sidedress V4/5 100% Nitrogen Sidedress V6 0 Figure lb. of preplant incorporated anhydrous provided the best return on investment. However, the 40 lb. of Anhydrous plus 140 lb. of ESN at preplant had the highest yield at The little difference in yields compared to the control resulted in lower returns on investment for all of the products. However, the 4 year summary in Figure 1 shows that the application of 30lb. 2x2 UAN + balance sidedressed at V3 has the best ROI at $44.55/A. over 100% preplant. Beck s Henderson, KY Facility 121

122 Kentucky PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Nitrogen Rate Study Corn After Soybeans PLANTED: April 23, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: September 9, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till/Field Cultivation POPULATION: 32,500 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Post: 1 qt. Generic Glyphosate, 2 qt. Degree Xtra, 1 qt. Generic Atrazine ROWS: Six 30" Rows INSECTICIDE: Escalate REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 5828AM * This study is designed to help find the economic optimum nitrogen rate (EONR); that is, the rate of nitrogen that maximizes profitability. Although the study was originally based on the format used by both Purdue University and the University of Illinois, we have added a wider range of rates and narrowed the difference between rates to better pinpoint the EONR. All entries, with the exception of the 0 lb./a. control, received 10 gallons of 30% UAN as a 2x2 application at planting followed by a sidedress application of 30% UAN at the V3 growth stage to meet the total amount of N for each treatment. Pounds of Nitrogen Emerged Population Test Weight Bushels Cost of Nitrogen Net^ Return Return on Investment 0 29, $ , $60.00 $ $ , $75.00 $ $ , $90.00 $ $ , $ $ $ , $ $ $ , $ $ $ * and test weight corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. UAN $.60/lbs Six-Year CAS: Economic Optimum N Rate Net Return Pounds of Nitrogen/A. $0.60/lb. N. $0.70/lb. N. Figure 1. This was the sixth year for this study at the Kentucky PFR Location. This study originally started at the Southern Indiana farm before we moved to Henderson. In this year s results we found that, in a corn after soybean rotation, the EONR fell to 125 lb./a. We believe that this is due to good growing conditions and lower commodity prices. As you can see from Figure 1, when we look at the six-year long term data, our optimum is approximately 170 lb./a. with $.60/lb. nitrogen and $4.15/Bu. corn. 122

123 Rainfall in Inches Kentucky PFR BECK S Nitrogen Rate Study Corn After Corn PLANTED: April 23, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: September 9, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till/Field Cultivation POPULATION: 34,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Post: 1 qt. Generic Glyphosate, 2 qt. Degree Xtra, ROWS: Six 30" Rows 1 qt. Generic Atrazine REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 5828AM * This study is designed to help find the economic optimum nitrogen rate (EONR); that is, the rate of nitrogen that maximizes profitability. Although the study was originally based on the format used by both Purdue University and the University of Illinois, we have added a wider range of rates and narrowed the difference between rates to better pinpoint the EONR. All entries, with the exception of the 0 lb./a. control, received 10 gallons of 30% UAN as a 2x2 application at planting followed by a sidedress application of 30% UAN at the V3 growth stage to meet the total amount of nitrogen for each treatment. Pounds of Nitrogen Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ * corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable.$.60/lb. UAN The economic optimum nitrogen rate (EONR) for a corn after corn rotation for 2014 was 150 lb./a. This is based on an average price for corn of $4.15/Bu. and a nitrogen cost of $0.60/unit of Nitrogen. The yields are higher with the increased nitrogen rates, but the return on investment peaks at $171.45/A. at 150 lb./a. of nitrogen. For multi-location nitrogen rate data please see pages Net Return Five-Year Corn After Corn: Economic Optimum Nitrogen Rate $0.50/lb. N. $0.60/lb. N. $0.70/lb. N. Nitrogen Rate Figure

124 Kentucky PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Preplant Nitrogen Rate Study Corn After Soybeans PLANTED: May 24, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: September 25, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till/Field Cultivation POPULATION: 32,500 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Post: 1 qt. Generic Glyphosate, 2 qt. Degree Xtra, 1 qt. Generic Atrazine ROWS: Six 30" Rows INSECTICIDE: Escalate REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 5828AM * The practice of preplant applications of anhydrous ammonia is very popular in the area around the Kentucky Practical Farm Research site. We often get the question as to what rate a grower should be applying. In this study we will be looking at 7 different rates applied without a stabilizer. The goal of this study is to determine what our EONR (Economic Optimum Nitrogen Rate) is. Pounds of Nitrogen Emerged Population Bushels Net^ Return Cost of Nitrogen Return on Investment 0 31, $ , $ $43.00 $ , $ $53.75 $ , $ $64.50 $ , $ $75.25 $ , $ $86.00 $ , $ $96.75 $ * corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $0.43/lb. Anhydrous Ammonia 890 Two-Year Economic Optimum Nitrogen Rate Preplant Corn After Soybeans Net Return Pounds of Nitrogen/A. Figure 1. $0.43/lb. N. In our second year of this preplant nitrogen rate study, we found that our EONR is 125 lb. When we look at the two-year data in Figure 1, we see that our optimum nitrogen rate is 164 lb. It is important to remember, in the two years that we have done this study, the weather has been very similar. We would expect the average to rise as the weather patterns average out over the years for the Henderson area. 124

125 Rainfall in Inches Kentucky PFR BECK S NH 3 Seed Placement Study PLANTED: May 25, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: September 23, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall: Chisel, Spring: Field Cultivation/Vertical-Till POPULATION: 32,500 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 1 qt. Generic Glyphosate, 2 qt. Degree Xtra, ROWS: Six 30" Rows 1 qt. Generic Atrazine REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 6077AM-R * It is recommened that preplant NH 3 be applied at an angle to the corn rows several weeks in advance of planting to avoid seedling injury. Unfortunately, the weather does not always cooperate, and NH 3 applications may go on much closer to planting than desired. This study takes a look at the placement of NH 3 in relation to the corn row when applied within a couple of days of planting, and the effect it may have on stand establishment and yield. NH 3 placed 15 inches from the row is used as a control since this is the furthest distance it can be placed between two rows. NH 3 Placement Emerged Population Population Test Weight Bushels Return on Investment 15 in. from Seed (Control) 32, in. from Seed 32, $ in. from Seed 32, $ in. from Seed 32, $2.49 * Bu/A. and test weight corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. ROI $6.00 $4.00 $2.00 $0.00 -$2.00 -$4.00 -$6.00 NH 3 Placement $3.70 -$0.38 -$ in. from seed 3 in. from seed 0 in. from seed Figure 1. This year s study showed minimal correlation between the placement of NH 3 and the final yields. There was only 1.2 difference between all four trials. The 6 in. from seed trial was the highest yielding trial, but only by 1 The placement of anhydrous also had very little affect on our emerged stand. 125

126 Kentucky PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Nitrogen Stabilizer Study Pre-Emerge PLANTED: April 26, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: September 16, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till/Field Cultivation POPULATION: 34,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Post: 1 qt. Generic Glyphosate, 2 qt. Degree Xtra, 1 qt. Generic Atrazine, ROWS: Four 30" Rows 1 qt. Generic Glyphosate, 1 oz. Armezon REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 6948A3 Each year many corn growers apply UAN liquid nitrogen in the spring as a part of their nitrogen program. This nitrogen stabilizer study evaluates four products that have the ability to reduce nitrogen losses from lack of incorporation, dry weather, saturated soils, or high winds. The 55.2 gallons of 30% was applied without incorporation. Nutrisphere-N prevents and reduces volatilization and denitrification of liquid nitrogen fertilizers. Nutrisphere-N controls urease, keeping it from robbing nitrogen and yield potential. Nutrisphere-N protects nitrogen in the ammonium state before it gets converted, giving a greater return on your nitrogen fertilizer investment Agrotain Plus also blocks the activity of the naturally occurring enzyme called urease, protecting against volatility losses. Agrotain Plus is a stabilizing agent which keeps nitrogen in the ammonium form for a longer period of time and reduces volatilization, denitrification, and leaching losses. Instinct is a nitrogen stabilizer that contains the active ingredient nitripyrin, the same active ingredient as N-Serve. Instinct is a nitrogen stabilizer for liquid UAN solutions and works to ensure that nitrogen is stabilized in the ammonium form, which is less susceptible to losses from leaching and denitrification. Instinct keeps the soil dwelling Nitrosomonas bacteria inactive, as this bacterium will attack ammonium and convert it to nitrates which are then prone to losses. Instinct does not protect against volatilization losses. NZONE GL is a nitrogen management aid that increases nitrogen availability and uptake in addition to reducing nitrogen loss. NZONE GL alters nitrogen fertilizer breakdown so that it is captured in the soil in a stable and available form. NZONE GL is formulated for anhydrous ammonia and UAN. Treatment Emerged Population Test Weight Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment Control 32, $1, Instinct 35 oz./a. 32, $1, $3.48 NZONE GL 2 qt./ton UAN 32, $1, $5.74 Nutrisphere-N 5%/100 gal. 33, $1, $19.95 Agrotain Plus 15 lb./ton UAN 32, $1, $41.59 and test weight corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $5.00/lb. Agrotain Plus, $65.00/gal. Nutrisphere-N, $44.00/gal. NZONE GL, and $37.00/gal. Instinct, $0.60/lb. UAN. For the second year in a row, we did not see a positive return on investment from the products tested in this study. Although we did see a slight positive gain in yield from the use of Instinct and NZONE GL, these yield bumps were not large enough to give us a positive return on investment. 126

127 Rainfall in Inches Kentucky PFR BECK S Nitrogen Stabilizer Study Sidedress PLANTED: April 26, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: September 6, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till/Field Cultivation POPULATION: 34,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Post: 1 qt. Generic Glyphosate, 2 qt. Degree Xtra, 1 oz. Armezon ROWS: Six 30" Rows INSECTICIDE: Escalate REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 6948A3 Nitrogen stabilizers are commonly used to protect against nitrogen losses when a producer applies a large portion of their nitrogen fertilizer in the fall or early spring. Due to the fact that nitrogen loss can be one of the most yield limiting factors that a grower encounters in the field, they often ask if it is benefical to utilize nitrogen stabilizers with in-season applications of nitrogen. This study takes a look at the use of the following nitrogen stabilizers with sidedress applications of UAN at the V3-V4 growth stage. Nutrisphere-N prevents and reduces volatilization and denitrification of liquid nitrogen fertilizers. Nutrisphere-N controls urease, keeping it from robbing nitrogen and yield 2 Year Average potential. Nutrisphere-N protects nitrogen in the ammonium state before it gets 239 converted, giving a greater return on your nitrogen fertilizer investment Agrotain Plus also blocks the activity of the naturally occurring enzyme called urease, protecting against volatility losses. Agrotain Plus is a stabilizing agent which keeps nitrogen in the ammonium form for a longer period of time and reduces volatilization, denitrification, and leaching losses. Instinct is a nitrogen stabilizer that contains the active ingredient nitripyrin, the same active ingredient as N-Serve. Instinct is a nitrogen stabilizer for liquid UAN solutions and works to ensure that nitrogen is stabilized in the ammonium form, which is less susceptible to losses from leaching and denitrification. Instinct keeps the soil dwelling Nitrosomonas bacteria inactive, as this bacterium will attack ammonium and convert it to nitrates which are then prone to losses. Instinct does not protect against volatilization losses. FunctioN is a nitrogen stabilizer for use with urea-ammonium nitrate (UAN) solution fertilizer. FunctioN contains dicyandiamide, a form of nitrogen that delays the belowground nitrification process. This improves the nitrogen utilization of the crop, by keeping the nitrogen in a more plant desirable form and delaying conversion to nitrates. NZONE GL is a nitrogen management aid that increases nitrogen availability and uptake in addition to reducing nitrogen loss. NZONE GL alters nitrogen fertilizer breakdown so that it s captured in the soil in a stable and available form. NZONE GL is formulated for anhydrous ammonia and UAN Control -1.8 Nutrisphere-N Bu./A Agrotain Plus Figure Bu./A Instinct Treatment Emerged Population Test Weight Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment Control 33, $1, FunctioN 2 pt./a. 32, $ $28.64 NZONE GL 2 qt./ton UAN 32, $ $36.49 Instinct 35 oz./a. 32, $ $38.34 Nutrisphere-N 5%/100 gal. 32, $ $40.78 Agrotain Plus 15 lb./ton UAN 32, $ $67.89 and test weight corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $0.60/lb. UAN, $65.00/gal. Nutrisphere N, $44.00/gal. N Zone GL, $37.00/gal. Instinct, $5.00/lb. Agrotain Plus, $37.00/gal. FunctioN. This is the second year for this study at the Kentucky PFR Farm. In this year s study we found no benefit to adding nitrogen stabilizers to sidedress applications. This is the second year that we have seen these results. When we look at the two-year average shown in Figure 1, we have seen a loss of 1.8 with the use of Nutrispere-N. We have also seen a loss of 4.8 with use of Agrotain Plus, and a loss of 2.5 with Instinct. This was the first year we have tested the products FunctioN and NZONE GL. 127

128 Kentucky PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S N Gage Study PLANTED: April 19, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: September 5, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till/Field Cultivation POPULATION: 34,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Post: ROWS: Six 30" Rows 1 qt. Generic Glyphosate, 2 qt. Degree Xtra, 1 qt. Generic Atrazine 1 qt. Generic Glyphosate, 1 oz. Armezon REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: Phoenix 5842EZ ** The goal of the study is to evaluate products that may provide increased yield and profitability when mixed with nitrogen fertilizer. N Gage is a nitrogen efficiency product that utilizes microbes to metabolize nitrogen and convert it into a usable form that the corn plant can absorb. Actuate is a blend of humic and fulvic acid. The humic acid is used to improve plant nutrient uptake by breaking bonds between the nutrients and the soil. Fulvic acid promotes cell division and elongation which aides in plant uptake of nitrogen. Treatment Emerged Population Test Weight Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment Control 31, $1, qt. N V3 32, $1, $ qt. N V3 + 1 qt. V3 32, $1, $44.33 AVERAGE 32, $1, $30.24 ** Phoenix brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. Phoenix is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. and test weight corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $48.00/gal. N Gage, $48.00/gal. Actuate. 2 Year Yield Summary qt. N V qt. N V3 + 1 qt. V3 Control Figure 1. The use of N Gage with our sidedress UAN application resulted in a 1 yield decrease compared to the control and a return on investment of -$16.15/A. When both N Gage and Actuate were added to the application the result was a 4.9 yield decrease and -$44.33/A. return on investment. Figure 1 represents the 2-year yield data for the N Gage study. 128

129 Rainfall in Inches Kentucky PFR BECK S Corn After Cover Crop Nitrogen Rate Study PLANTED: April 26, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: September 15, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall No-Till, Spring No-Till POPULATION: 32,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Burndown: 1 qt. Generic Glyphosate, 24 oz. Sterling Blue ROWS: Six 30" Rows Post: 1 qt. Generic Glyphosate, 2 qt. Degree Xtra, REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) 1 qt. Generic Atrazine INSECTICIDE: PRODUCT TESTED: Escalate BECK 5509A3 In this study we evaluate the advantages of cover crops and their ability to increase yield by improving soil tilth, scavenging for and producing nitrogen, and shattering compaction. Corn was planted into five different cover crops which had been planted in the fall of In addition, three different nitrogen programs were evaluated to assess nitrogen scavenging and sequestration. These nitrogen rates consisted of 180 lb. (100% nitrogen program), 135 lb. (75% nitrogen program), and 90 lb. (50% nitrogen program). Cover Crop & Nitrogen Rate Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment 90 LB. V3 Control $ lb. Beck s Crimson Clover $ $ lb. Beck s Annual Ryegrass $ $ lb. Beck s Corn Champion Mix $ $ lb. Beck s Groundbuilder Radishes $ $ lb. Beck s Cereal Rye $ $ AVERAGE $ $ LB. V3 Control $ lb. Beck s Crimson Clover $ $ lb. Beck s Annual Ryegrass $ $ lb. Beck s Corn Champion Mix $ $ lb. Beck s Groundbuilder Radishes $ $ lb. Beck s Cereal Rye $ $ AVERAGE $ $ LB. V3 Control $ lb. Beck s Crimson Clover $ $ lb. Beck s Annual Ryegrass $ $ lb. Beck s Corn Champion Mix $ $ lb. Beck s Groundbuilder Radishes $ $ lb. Beck s Cereal Rye $ $ AVERAGE $ $39.25 * corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $2.00/lb. Corn Champion Mix, $1.40/lb. Crimson Clover, $0.80/lb. Annual Ryegrass, $0.36/lb. Cereal Rye and $2.60/lb. Groundbuilder Radish. This year s study of corn after cover crops looks disappointing when looking at the yield data, but the real fact is that we had some poorly established stands of cover crops this past year. Within the first 24 hours of seeding, the crops received over three inches of rain, which did severe damage to stand establishments. It is very important that cover crops have enough time and the right conditions to contribute to yield. Although we had poor stands we still noticed a trend with Beck s Crimson Clover, Beck s Annual Ryegrass, and the Beck s Corn Champion mix, which improved yields in the 180 lb./a. UAN replication. We will continue with the study at Henderson Kentucky PFR next year. 129

130 Kentucky PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Capture LFR Study PLANTED: April 23, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: September 9, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till/Field Cultivation POPULATION: 32,500 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Post: 1 qt. Generic Glyphosate (twice), 2 qt. Degree Xtra, ROWS: Six 30" Rows 1 qt. Generic Atrazine, 1 qt. Armezon REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate This study evaluates the use of Capture LFR Insecticide in-furrow on EZ and GT trait packages. We want to compare the effectiveness of Capture LFR with and without above and below ground insect protection trait packages. All seed used in this study was treated with BECK S Escalate yield enhancement system. Brand & Treatment Emerged Population Test Weight Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment PHOENIX 5552GT ** 4 lb. Force 3G 30, $ $ oz. Capture LFR 30, $ $.50 Control 30, $ PHOENIX 5552EZ ** 4 lb. Force 3G 28, $ $ oz. Capture LFR 28, $ $2.16 Control 27, $ ** Phoenix brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. Phoenix is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. and test weight corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $300.00/gal. Capture LFR, $6.00/lb. Force 3G, $217.00/bag Phoenix 5552GT ** and $262.00/bag Phoenix 5552EZ **. The study shows that both products gave a slight yield increase over the control. Capture had an average yield increase of 1.6 and Force 3G had an average yield increase of 1.9 Although both products gave us a yield bump, neither of the products were able to provide a positive return on investment. When looking at the results, the addition of an insecticide did not appear to have a great advantage on either of the trait packages. This is the first year for this study in the PFR program. 130 KYPFR Operations Lead, Brandon Somers & SILPFR Director, Jonathan Perkins presenting at Becknology Days

131 Rainfall in Inches Kentucky PFR BECK S Sub-Irrigation Study PLANTED: April 21, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: September 18, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till/Field Cultivation POPULATION: 38,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Post: 1 qt. Generic Glyphosate, 2 qt. Degree Xtra, ROWS: Six 30" Rows 1 qt. Generic Atrazine REPLICATIONS: Five (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 6626AM-R * Can sub-irrigation make you more money? Irrigation is becoming more popular in the southern PFR region, so the decision to setup a sub-irrigation study was an easy process. The goal is to keep track and document all advantages and disadvantages of operating a sub-irrigation system. Treatment Row Width Test Weight Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment Non-Irrigated 30 in $ Sub-Irrigated 30 in $1, $ * and test weight corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. In this year s study we used BECK 6626AM-R * in both the irrigated and non-irrigated plots. The hybrid was replicated five times in each plot. The above information is the average of all replications between the two plots. The sub-irrigation plot yielded 29.2 over the non-irrigated plot, and had a return on investment of $121.18/A. over the non-irrigated section. This year, we used the crop metrics soil probe to help in managing the irrigation system. This allowed us, with the help of their on-staff agronomist, to monitor moisture levels to prevent over-watering and under-watering this plot. The soil probe allowed us to monitor this plot 24/7 through a wireless modem. Photo 1. CropMetrics Soil Probe 131

132 Kentucky PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Pop-up Placement Study PLANTED: April 24, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: September 16, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till/Field Cultivation POPULATION: 32,500 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Post: 1 qt. Generic Glyphosate, 2 qt. Degree Xtra, ROWS: Six 30" Rows 1 qt. Generic Atrazine, 1 oz. Armezon REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 6272AM-R * When setting up new planters, many growers ask what the best method for applying their in-furrow pop-up fertilizer is. The purpose of this study is to help answer that question. The Totally Tubular places the pop-up below the seed, the Flo-Rite Seed Firmer places the fertilizer on top of the seed, and the Flo-Rite Seed Firmer with the Y-Splitter places the pop-up to the side of the seed. For this study we used Pro-Germinator as our pop up fertilizer and the Totally Tubular as the control. Seed Firmer Emerged Population Test Weight Bushels Totally Tubular 29, Flo-rite 29, Flo-rite with Y-Splitter 29, AVERAGE 29, * and test weight corrected to 15% moisture. This was the first year for this study at the Kentucky PFR Farm. The results showed that we received a 5.1 advantage for the Flo-rite seed firmer when placing the fertilizer directly on the seed. We saw a 2.7 advantage over the Totally Tubular when we used the Flo-rite with the Y-Splitter attachment, placing the pop-up to the side of the seed. Totally Tubular Flo-Rite Seed Firmer 132

133 Rainfall in Inches Kentucky PFR BECK S Pop-up Fertilizer Study PLANTED: April 26, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: September 12, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till/Field Cultivation POPULATION: 32,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Post: 1 qt. Generic Glyphosate, 2 qt. Degree Xtra, 1 qt. Generic Atrazine, ROWS: Six 30" Rows INSECTICIDE: Escalate REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 6175AM * Will it pay to use an in-furrow pop-up fertilizer? This is a question that is often difficult to answer with a direct yes or no. There are a variety of factors that can contribute to the likelihood of obtaining a profitable response from the use of these products, including soil type, soil fertility (both in quantity and availability), erosion and tillage practice. Previous testing done at the Southern Indiana PFR farm was conducted on high productivity soil with average to above soil test levels for P & K. The move to the Kentucky PFR farm allows us to revisit this study on some medium productivity soils. Here is a brief description of the products in this year s study : A ammonium polyphosphate solution that is widely used in combination with UAN solutions to provide both nitrogen and phosphate to the crop. It must be used in small quanities when applied in-furrow to avoid salt injury to seedlings. Pro-Germinator : A low-salt, fertilizer that contains both an orthophosphate and carbon protected polymer phosphate that both provide readily available and controlled release phosphorus as well as small amounts of nitrogen and potassium. enhance : A nutritional supplement that combines proprietary chemistry with the proper balance of micronutrients and enzymes to produce greater nitrogen utilization and a source of crop available sulfate. Micro 500 : A micronutrient additive with a balanced combination of zinc, manganese, iron, copper and boron. Treatment Emerged Population Test Weight Bushels Diff. Net^ Return Return on Investment Control 30, $ gal , $ $ gal , $ $ gal. Pro-Germinator 29, $ $ gal. Pro-Germinator + 1 qt. Micro , $ $ gal. Pro-Germinator + 1 qt. enhance 29, $ $28.52 * and test weight corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $586.00/Ton , $9.00/ gal. Pro-Germinator, $19.00/gal. Micro 500, $26.00/gal. enhance. This year there were only two entries that gave us a positive gain in yield. The treatment of three gallons of Pro-Germinator gave us a yield boost of 2.6, but this was not enough to give us a positive return on investment. The Combination of three gallons of Pro-Germinator and one quart of Micro 500 gave us a yield gain of 1.2, but, this was not enough to give us a positive return on investment. On all other entries we saw yield losses which translated to negative return on investments. 133

134 Kentucky PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Potassium Study PLANTED: May 10, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: September 26, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till/Field Cultivation POPULATION: 32,500 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Post: 1 qt. Generic Glyphosate, 1 oz. Armezon, ROWS: Four 30" Rows 2 qt. Degree Xtra, 1 qt. Atrazine INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 6575HR * The deficiencies of potassium in the soil have sparked the question, can soluble potash solutions applied 2x2 with the planter or a sidedress application make a difference in yield and ROI? This study has been developed to answer this very question. Nucleus , a product of Helena, is a highly concentrated water-based solution of potash and oxidized sulfur used to correct the nutritional deficiencies in plants. KTS, a product of Tessenderlo Kerley, is a , neutral to basic, chlorine-free solution of potash and sulfur; also used to help nutritional deficiencies in plants. Treatment Emerged Population Test Weight Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment Control 32, $ gal. Planting (2x2) 32, $ $ gal. Planting (2x2) 32, $ $ gal. V3 32, $ $ gal. V3 + 1 gal. V3 32, $ $2.77 * and test weight corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $12.80/gal. Nucleus and $725.00/Tn. KTS. The products Nucleus and KTS were tested separately against a control as well as in combination. The result of both products in combination showed the best yield gain: 3.8 and a return of $2.77/A. This study will continue to be a focus at Kentucky PFR Kentucky Field Show

135 Rainfall in Inches Kentucky PFR BECK S Sulfur Study PLANTED: May 9, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: September 25, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till/Field Cultivation POPULATION: 32,500 seeds/a. Herbicide: Post: ROWS: Six 30" Rows 1 qt. Generic Glyphosate, 2 qt. Degree Xtra, 1 qt. Generic Atrazine, 1 oz. Armezon REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 6778AM * Sulfur deficiency has become an issue for many farmers in the south. With the EPA cleaning up the coal fired power plants in this area, crops are not receiving sulfur through the air like they have in the past. This study is being performed to evaluate sulfur products that are currently on the market and look at their use at various timings. Hydra-hume is a humic acid product that helps hold nutrients in the soil by binding them to soil particles. Thio-Sul contains 12% nitrogen and 26% sulfur as thiosulfate, which helps in maintaining necessary sulfur levels in sulfur deficient soils. Treatment Emerged Population Test Weight Diff. Net^ Return Return on Investment 4.5 gal. V3 31, $ $ gal. Planting (2x2) 31, $ $1.20 Control 31, $ lb. Ammonium V6 31, $ $ gal. Thio-Sul gal. Planting (2x2) 32, $ $20.37 AVERAGE 31, * and test weight corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $490.00/ton. Thio-Sul, $13.00/gal. Hydra-Hume, and $425.00/ton. Ammonium Sulfate. This year the only treatment that we saw a positive return on investment for was two gallons of thio-sul at planting 2x2. The rest of the treatments failed to give us a positive return on investment, although all the treatments with the exception of the application 75 lbs. Ammonium Sulfate, gave us a positive yield response. This is the first year for this study and is one that needs to be looked at more in the future to fully evaluate these products. 135

136 Kentucky PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Soil Fertility Study PLANTED: May 8, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: October 8, 2014 TILLAGE: Spring Vertical-Till/Field Cultivation POPULATION: 34,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Post: 1 qt. Generic Glyphosate (twice), 2 qt. Degree Extra, ROWS: Six 30" Rows 1 qt. Generic Atrazine, 1 oz. Armezon INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 6175AM * Over the years, we have had a lot of interest from customers in doing a fertility study with Chicken Litter. This is mainly due to the fact that, in the western Kentucky portion of our marketing area, there are a large number of poultry houses. The use of poultry litter as part of a fertilty program has become very popular in this area. We will also look at the use of a liquid fertility program that has become popular with growers that are on short term leases for ground. With this program we spread 150 lb. of potash, and the remaining products are applied with the planter using Totally Tubulars. This attachment places the fertilizer in-furrow under the seed. We will compare these fertility programs to a standard program of 400 lb. of as a control. Treatment Total Lb. UAN Emerged Population Test Weight Program Cost Net^ Return 150 lb , 7 gal. Pro-Germinator, 5 gal. Sure-K, 2 qt. Micro 500, 2 qt. enhance Sulfur , $ $ lb , $ $ ton Chicken Litter ( ) , $ $ * and test weight corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $530.00/ton , $0.24/lb , $26.00/gal. enhance, $19.00/gal. Micro 500, $9.00/gal. Pro-Germinator, $8.50/gal. Sure-K, $40.00/ton Chicken litter, $0.60/ lb UAN, $8.00/ton manure application, $4.00/A. broadcast fertilizer application. When we look at the three different fertilizer programs, we see that the chicken litter program gave us the best net return at $896.48/A. For the chicken litter program we gave a nitrogen credit to the litter of 30 lbs./ton being available to the crop in the first year of doing this study. The program of 400 lbs. of came in second at $821.99/A. The liquid fertilizer program gave us the lowest net return of $723.74/A. This is a study that we will continue to look at into the future on a corn after soybean rotation. 136

137 Rainfall in Inches Kentucky PFR BECK S Soybean Show Plot PLANTED: May 28, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: September 29, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till/Field Cultivation POPULATION: 120,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Post: ROWS: Three 30" Rows 2 oz. Zidua, 8 oz. Clethodim, 0.33 oz. Classic, 0.5 qt. Flexstar INSECTICIDE: Escalate Yield Rank Brand Relative Maturity Bushels GROUP III 1 BECK 394L BECK 379L BECK 366L BECK 393R4 * BECK 384R2 * BECK 354L BECK 368NR * BECK 358R4 * AVERAGE GROUP IV & V 1 BECK 423NL BECK 419L BECK 433R2 * BECK 449L BECK 444NR * BECK 465R4 * BECK 522L BECK 485R2 * BECK 418NR * BECK 493R4 * BECK 425R4 * BECK 483NL BECK 459L BECK 511R4 * BECK 475L BECK 505L AVERAGE * corrected to 13% moisture KYPFR Soybean Show Plot 137

138 Kentucky PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Irrigated Soybean Show Plot PLANTED: May 28, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: September 29, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till/Field Cultivation POPULATION: 120,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Post: ROWS: Three 30" Rows 2 oz. Zidua, 8 oz. Clethodim, 0.33 oz. Classic, 0.5 qt. Flexstar INSECTICIDE: Escalate Yield Rank Brand Relative Maturity Bushels GROUP III 1 BECK 379L BECK 394L BECK 393R4 * BECK 384R2 * BECK 368NR * BECK 366L BECK 358R4 * BECK 354L AVERAGE GROUP IV & V 1 BECK 465R4 * BECK 433R2 * BECK 418NR * BECK 425R4 * BECK 419L BECK 449L BECK 485R2 * BECK 423NL BECK 444NR * BECK 493R4 * BECK 459L BECK 505L BECK 522L BECK 511R4 * BECK 483NL BECK 475L AVERAGE * corrected to 13% moisture. We are excited to present the first data set from our irrigated show plot. In the process of learning how to use this system, the irrigated soybean show plot was over watered, which resulted in lower yields for the irrigated portion. As we move into 2015, we look forward to taking what we have learned and applying it to the next growing season. 138

139 Rainfall in Inches Kentucky PFR BECK S 100 Bushel Attempt PLANTED: May 27, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 1, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till/Field Cultivation POPULATION: 140,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Post: 1 qt. Generic Glyphosate, 2 oz. Zidua ROWS: Eleven 15" Rows INSECTICIDE: Escalate The 100 Bushel Soybean Attempt is one of the most exciting plots that we get to plant each year! This was the seventh year for this plot in the PFR program. The goal of this plot is to maximize yield results. It is one of the few plots where we are not solely focused on economic figures. When we find something that works, we try to determine how to make it profitable for the farmer. Brand & Treatment Bushels BECK 384R2 * Control Potash Potash + Headline Potash + Headline + Urea Potash + Headline + Urea + Cobra AVERAGE BECK 433R2 * Control Potash Potash + Headline Potash + Headline + Urea Potash + Headline + Urea + Cobra AVERAGE BECK 485R2 * Control Potash Potash + Headline Potash + Headline + Urea Potash + Headline + Urea + Cobra AVERAGE BECK 511R4 * Control Potash Potash + Headline Potash + Headline + Urea Potash + Headline + Urea + Cobra AVERAGE * corrected to 13% moisture. The 100 bushel soybean attempt was tested with four varieties, BECK 384R2 *, BECK 433R2 *, BECK 485R2 *, and BECK 511R4 *. All four varieties, including the controls, received the 100 bushel seed treatment which included Escalate, Optimize, Bio-Forge, and VOTiVO. All entries also received an application of Priaxor and Fastac at the R3 growth stage. The various treatments that were tested in the study were used to encourage early vegetative growth to develop more nodes and to minimize stress in the reproductive stages to increase flower and pod retention. The treatments included Headline, applied in furrow at planting and topdressing 200 lb. of potash at R2, as well as 100 lb. Urea at R2. Cobra was applied at V5 on a portion of the entries to shorten the internodes and help with standability. The goal of 100 was acheived this year! BECK 433R2 * yielded with the 100 bushel seed treatment, Headline in-furrow at planting, 200 lb. of potash, 100 lb. Urea at R2, and Cobra at V5. 139

140 Kentucky PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Herbicide Injury Study PLANTED: May 27, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 20, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till/Field Cultivation POPULATION: 140,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Post: 1 qt. Generic Glyphosate, 1 qt. Liberty, 12 oz. Zidua ROWS: Eleven 15" Rows INSECTICIDE: Escalate REPLICATIONS: Four (averaged) This study is designed to evaluate the use of Roundup Ready and LibertyLink herbicide programs. We want to observe if there are any yield effects associated with applications made at the R2, R3 and R4 growth stages. Our controls consist of each respective herbicide applied prior to the R1 growth stage. Treatment Emerged Population Bushels BECK 457R4 * Glyphosate (Control) 90, R2 92, R3 88, R4 88, BECK 459L4 Liberty (Control) 117, R2 116, R3 123, R4 114, * corrected to 13% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $11.20/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $11.20/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $17.00/gal. Glyphosate and $79.00/gal. Liberty. Looking at the results of this years study, we saw that, in the Roundup Ready system, the only application with a yield reduction was the R2 growth stage. When we look at the LibertyLink system we saw our greatest yield reduction from the R2 growth stage application of 4.7 We also saw a 0.8 reduction at the R3 growth stage. These results show the importance of good weed control starting early in the season, along with the use of a residual herbicide, to help eliminate the chances of needing to make these late season herbicide applications. 140

141 Rainfall in Inches Kentucky PFR BECK S Planting Date Study PLANTED: Various PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: Various TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till/Field Cultivation POPULATION: 140,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Post: 1 qt. Generic Glyphosate (twice), 2 oz. Zidua ROWS: Eleven 15" Rows To evaluate performance of soybeans with various maturities planted on several dates throughtout the growing season. Brand Planting Date Bushels BECK 294NR * 04/24/ BECK 375NR * 04/24/ BECK 444NR * 04/24/ BECK 511R4 * 04/24/ AVERAGE 58.8 BECK 294NR * 05/08/ BECK 375NR * 05/08/ BECK 444NR * 05/08/ BECK 511R4 * 05/08/ AVERAGE 66.9 BECK 294NR * 05/20/ BECK 375NR * 05/20/ BECK 444NR * 05/20/ BECK 511R4 * 05/20/ AVERAGE 64.3 BECK 294NR * 05/26/ BECK 375NR * 05/26/ BECK 444NR * 05/26/ BECK 511R4 * 05/26/ AVERAGE 64.7 BECK 294NR * 06/02/ BECK 375NR * 06/02/ BECK 444NR * 06/02/ BECK 511R4 * 06/02/ AVERAGE 57.3 BECK 375NR * 06/14/ BECK 444NR * 06/14/ BECK 511R4 * 06/14/ AVERAGE 60.8 * corrected to 13% moisture. This year s high yielding planting date was May 8th with an average of 66.9 Yields trended lower until June 14th where we saw a slight late season bounce back in yield. While group III & IV varieties usually obtain the highest yields in the KYPFR area the group V variety Beck 511R4 out yielded all other maturities by an average of 7.4 Figure 1 represents the group III & IV soybeans by planting date over the past ten years. This data shows the highest yield potential (<1 difference) for soybeans planted between April 23rd and May 8th < 1 10 Year Soybean Planting Date Trend Group III &IV 4/18 4/23 4/28 5/3 5/8 5/13 5/18 5/23 5/28 6/2 6/7 6/12 6/17 6/22 6/27 7/2 Planting Date Figure

142 Kentucky PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Foliar Fungicide/Insecticide Study PLANTED: May 28, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 24, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till/Field Cultivation POPULATION: 140,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Post: 1 qt. Generic Glyphosate, 2 oz. Zidua, 0.3 oz. FirstRate ROWS: Eleven 15" Rows INSECTICIDE: Escalate REPLICATIONS: Four (averaged) PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 457R4 * In recent years, interest in using fungicides to control foliar diseases in soybeans has grown as the reoccurrence of Asian Soybean Rust in the far southern states has increased. Testing of foliar fungicides in preparation for Rust control has led to the discovery that these products could be used for other yield enhancing qualities due to their ability to maintain plant health and seed quality. This test is our continued look into the usefulness of both foliar fungicides and insecticides for our growers. Treatment & Growth Stage Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment Control $ R2 3.2 oz. Fastac $ $ oz. Priaxor $ $ oz. Priaxor oz. Fastac $ $12.46 R3 3.2 oz. Fastac $ $ oz. Priaxor $ $ oz. Priaxor oz. Fastac $ $21.42 R4 3.2 oz. Fastac $ $ oz. Priaxor $ $ oz. Priaxor oz. Fastac $ $16.94 * corrected to 13% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $11.20/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $11.20/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $117.00/gal. Fastac, $543.00/gal. Priaxor and $6.00 application cost. Limited disease and insect pressure this year resulted in very high yields, but it also kept return on investment in the negative for most treatments in this study. The only treatment with a positive return this year was Fastac applied at the R3 growth stage. The six year summary suggests that the R3 growth stage is still the best time to optimize yield and return on investment $8.93 Soybean Fungicide/Insecticide Study Untreated (Six-Year Data) -$9.06 -$22.11 $3.72 $22.57 $ $2.61 R2 R3 R4 $4.86 $1.93 Insecticide Fungicide Fungicide/Insecticide Figure 1. 6 YEAR DATA ( ) Treatment & Growth Stage Diff. Treatment Cost ROI R2 Untreated Insectide $8.93 -$8.93 Fungicide Only $ $9.06 Fungicide/Insecticide $ $22.11 R3 Untreated Insectide $8.93 +$3.72 Fungicide Only $ $22.57 Fungicide/Insecticide $ $25.97 R4 Untreated Insectide $8.93 -$2.61 Fungicide Only $ $4.86 Fungicide/Insecticide $ $1.93

143 Rainfall in Inches Kentucky PFR BECK S Fungicide In-Furrow Study PLANTED: May 27, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: September 26, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till/Field Cultivation POPULATION: 140,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Post: 1 qt. Liberty, 2 oz. Zidua ROWS: Eleven 15" Rows INSECTICIDE: Escalate REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 372NL This study has been established to determine if applying fungicides in-furrow during soybean planting would give a yield increase and what result there would be for the return on investment. Treatment Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment Control $ oz. Headline $ $ oz. Priaxor $ $50.23 corrected to 13% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $11.20/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $11.20/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $409.00/gal. Headline and $543.00/gal. Priaxor. This year s study resulted in yield increases and very positive returns on investment. The products we tested were Headline with the active ingredient pyraclostrobin and Priaxor with the active ingredients fluxapyroxad and pyraxlostrobin. Both products have good residual activity against target fungi. The rate we used for Headline was 6 oz./a. in-furrow and Priaxor was 4 oz./a. in-furrow. Both products had an average yield increase of 5.9 The returns on investment were nice with both products but Priaxor resulted in the higher return with $4.44/A. advantage over Headline. 143

144 Kentucky PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Nematode Seed Treatment Study PLANTED: May 27, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: September 24, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till/Field Cultivation POPULATION: 140,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Post: 1 qt. Generic Glyphosate, 2 oz. Zidua ROWS: Eleven 15" Rows INSECTICIDE: Escalate REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 335NR * To evaluate different forms of seed treatments available on soybeans that offer protection against soybean cyst nematode. The following treatments were used in this study: Clariva, a proprietary seed treatment nematicide, is based on the Pasteuria technology which consists of naturally occurring soil bacteria with a unique, direct mode of action on nematodes including microscopic worm-shaped soil organisms which cause significant damage to all major agricultural crops. Poncho /VOTiVO seed treatment protects young plants from pests during critical early development stages, leading to healthier root development and stronger stands. Applied directly to the seed, Poncho/VOTiVO protects the whole plant, above and below ground, preventing damage to early-season seedlings and roots before pests can strike. Poncho/VOTiVO employs a biological mode of action with a unique bacteria strain that lives and grows with young roots, creating a living barrier that prevents nematodes from causing damage. It also has a systemic agent that is absorbed by new roots immediately, providing control of many critical early-season insect pests. This dual protection results in healthier plant establishment and a more uniform crop, positively impacting yields. Treatment Emerged Population Bushels Escalate + Optimize (Control) 114, Clariva Complete + Optimize 114, Escalate + Poncho/VOTiVO + Optimize 108, * corrected to 13% moisture. Interest in seed treatments for nematode protection has grown in the past few years. With that being the case, Kentucky PFR started a study to examine the yield benefits of different seed treatments. This year the nematode pressure was very light at Kentucky PFR, which explains the very slight difference in yields. This study was tested at all Beck s PFR locations, so it will be interesting to see all of the data combined. See pages for multi-location nematode seed treatment research. 144

seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Post: 1 qt. Generic Glyphosate, 2 oz.

145 Rainfall in Inches Kentucky PFR BECK S Defoliation Study PLANTED: May 20, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 13, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till/Field Cultivation POPULATION: 140,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Post: 1 qt. Generic Glyphosate, 2 oz. Zidua ROWS: Eleven 15" Rows INSECTICIDE: Escalate REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) Ever had challenges with green stems and immature pods when it came time to harvest soybeans? This study was designed to see if harvest aids could be utilized to allow growers to get in the field quicker and harvest their soybeans before quality begins to deteriorate. Applications were made when approximately 75% of the pods where brown (late R7). Brand & Treatment Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment BECK 294NR * Control $ oz. Sharpen $ $16.10 BECK 391R4 * Control $ oz. Sharpen $ $53.06 corrected to 13% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $11.20/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $11.20/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $718.00/gal. Sharpen and $6.00/A. application cost. Our goal was to harvest the entries treated with the harvest aid as soon as the label would allow us back into the field. The label on Sharpen states a three day preharvest interval. BECK 294NR * were harvested six days after being sprayed while BECK 391R4 * were harvested three days after being sprayed. Once again this year, there was a visual difference in the treated and untreated, however the return on investment was an average loss of -$34.58/A. between the two varieties. We will continue this study to see if the effects on yield and return on investment can be improved upon. Photo 1. Untreated Photo 2. Treated with 2 oz. Sharpen 145

146 Kentucky PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Soil Health Study PLANTED: Various PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: Various TILLAGE: Various POPULATION: 140,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Post: 1 qt. Generic Glyphosate, 2 oz. Zidua, 0.3 oz. FirstRate, ROWS: Eleven 15" Rows 1 qt. Class Act, 0.5 qt. Mission, 48 oz. Class Act REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) In this study we will look at the long term effects of tillage and different cropping methods. We will also look at a corn and soybean rotation and a corn, wheat, soybean rotation. This study will include different fall tillage with the use of a chisel plow, inline ripper, vertical-tillage tool as well as cover crops and no-till, all of which are popular methods in the southern marketing area. For spring tillage practices we will look at the use of a field cultivator and a vertical-tillage tool. This year, the study will be done using wheat and soybeans. For the entries that included wheat, we will use a Great Plains Turbo Max with the blades pitched 6 degrees and work the ground twice. For the vertical-till entries we will also use a Turbo Max with the blades pitched 0 degrees and work the ground 1 time ahead of the wheat.the double crop soybeans that follow will be no-tilled into the wheat stubble. The other entries will be done as listed below. Tillage Emerged Population Bushels Diff. Net^ Return Return on Investment CORN/SOYBEAN ROTATION - 140,000 SEEDS/A. PLANTED MAY 28TH Fall Chisel/Spring Field Cultivator (Control) 130, $ Fall In-line ripper/spring Vertical till 132, $ $8.96 Fall Vertical Till/Spring Vertical Till 123, $ $12.32 Fall In-line ripper/spring No-till 110, $ $38.08 No-till 123, $ $24.64 Fall Single Cover Crop (Beck s Cereal Rye)/ Spring No-till 123, $ $33.60 Fall Cover Crop Mix (Beck s Corn Champion Mix)/ Spring No-till 109, $ $8.96 CORN/WHEAT/SOYBEAN ROTATION - 220,000 SEEDS/A. PLANTED JUNE 21ST Conventional Till (Control) 166, $ Vertical Till 170, $ $11.20 No-till 176, $ $0.00 * corrected to 13% moisture. In this year s results we found our 1st crop beans lost yield on all tillage practices except the use of a cover crop mix over our control. For the cover crop mix we used Beck s Corn Champion Mix and for the single cover crop we applied Cereal Rye. We received our largest yield losses on entries that did not receive any tillage in the spring. It is important to keep in mind that this is the first year for this study. It will be interesting to see how these tillage practices affect yield when we look at them long term. When we compare no-till to conventional tillage ahead of the wheat we saw no difference in yield on the double crop soybeans. We did see a 1 advantage to the use of vertical tillage ahead of the wheat on our double crop soybeans. 146

147 Rainfall in Inches Kentucky PFR BECK S Cover Crop Establishment Study PLANTED: May 5, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 24, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall No-Till, Spring No-Till POPULATION: 140,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Burndown: 2 qt. Generic Glyphosate ROWS: Eleven 15" Rows Post: 16 oz. Clethodim, 1 qt. Liberty, 2 oz. Zidua REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate COVER CROP: PRODUCT TESTED: Beck s Bean Builder Mix BECK 372NL With the growing use of cover crops in Beck s Hybrids marketing area, many growers are beginning to ask how they should be planting them. This study is designed to help answer that question. We will be looking at applying the cover crop into a standing crop when it is at the yellow leaf stage and then just prior to harvest. We will also be looking at applying the cover crop with a drill, and broadcast seeding followed by a pass with a vertical tillage tool. Planting Timing Emerged Population Bushels Drill - 48 Hours after Harvest 95, Drill - 7 Days after Harvest (Control) 99, Broadcast with Vertical-Till - 48 Hours after Harvest 93, Broadcast with Vertical-Till - 7 Days after Harvest 91, Broadcast into Crop - 50% Dry 88, Broadcast into Crop - Pre-harvest 82, AVERAGE 91, corrected to 13% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $11.20/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $11.20/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. This was the first year for this study at the Kentucky PFR Farm. When the cover crop was applied in the fall, we saw very good vegetative growth from Beck s Bean Builder Mix on the entries that were applied into a standing crop. As the planting dates for the cover crop went later into the season, we saw less vegetative growth. When we look at the yield data from the soybeans that were planted into cover crop, compared to the control (drilling the cover crop 7 days after harvest), we see that we lost yield. All of the treatments that had a cover crop planted after harvest gave us a positive response in yield. We saw our best returns from broadcasting the cover crop and incorporating it with vertical tillage 48 hours after harvest. 147

148 Kentucky PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Population Timing Study PLANTED: Various PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: Various TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till/Field Cultivation POPULATION: Various HERBICIDE: Post: 1 qt. Generic Glyphosate, 2 oz. Zidua, 0.3 oz. FirstRate, ROWS: Eleven 15" Rows INSECTICIDE: Escalate REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 418NR * In addition to selecting high-yielding varieties, it is important to know the correct seeding rate to maximize yield and profitability. This study compares a wide range of seeding rates across various planting dates to determine the most profitable seeding rate for each date. The goal is to determine at what point in the season seeding rates need to be increased or decreased to maximize profitability as planting progresses. Planting Date & Target Population Bushels Approximate Seed Cost Net^ Return Net Return Rank APRIL 24TH 100, $38.46 $1, , $48.08 $1, , $57.69 $1, , $67.31 $1, , $76.92 $1, MAY 8TH 100, $38.46 $1, , $48.08 $1, , $57.69 $1, , $67.31 $1, , $76.92 $1, MAY 20TH 100, $38.46 $ , $48.08 $ , $57.69 $ , $67.31 $ , $76.92 $ MAY 26TH 100, $38.46 $ , $48.08 $ , $57.69 $ , $67.31 $ , $76.92 $ JUNE 2ND 100, $38.46 $ , $48.08 $ , $57.69 $ , $67.31 $ , $76.92 $ JUNE 14TH 100, $38.46 $ , $48.08 $ , $57.69 $ , $67.31 $ , $76.92 $ * corrected to 13% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $11.20/Bu.) minus treatment cost. $50.00/bag BECK 418NR *. 148

149 Rainfall in Inches Kentucky PFR BECK S Population Timing Study - Continued Seeds/A Planting Date Target Population April 24th 200,000 May 8th 125,000 May 20th 200,000 May 26th 200,000 June 2nd 200,000 June 14th 125, , , , , Planting Target Date Population April 29th 200,000 May 14th 200,000 May 20th 200,000 May 27th 0 200,000 June 6th 200,000 50, Optimum Soybean Seeding Rate Figure 1. April 24th May 8th May 20th May 26th June 2nd June 14th 250, , Optimum Soybean Seeding Rate April 29th May 14th Seeds/A. 150, ,000 May 20th May 27th June 6th 50,000 June 12th June 29th 0 Figure 2. The population level of 200,000 seeds/a. was the optimum seeding rate this year on all dates except May 8th and June 14th, where 125,000 seeds/a. was the optimum rate. These planting dates and populations were replicated twice on the Kentucky PFR farm and then averaged together for the study results. This years study results and 2013 results are very similar data according to the graphs. A yield trend can also be observed in this years data with the earlier planting dates yielding higher than the later planting dates. This information is a good comparison to our Planting Date Study for Soybeans, which can be found on page

150 Kentucky PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Soybean Nitrogen Study PLANTED: May 26, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: September 30, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till/Field Cultivation POPULATION: 140,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Post: 1 qt. Liberty, 2 oz. Zidua ROWS: Eleven 15" Rows INSECTICIDE: Escalate REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 423NL In an effort to raise higher yielding soybeans, growers often ask if there is a benefit to applying nitrogen to their crop. This is the question we want to answer in our Soybean Nitrogen Study. The goal of this study is to increase soybean yield through the use of inseason applications of Urea, Ammonium Sulfate, or Coron (a nitrogen based liquid fertilizer). Treatment Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment Control $ lb. Ammonium Preplant $ $ lb. Ammonium R $ $ lb. R $ $ gal. Coron % R $ $ lb. Ammonium R $ $ lb. R $ $ gal. Coron % R $ $15.36 AVERAGE $ $22.18 corrected to 13% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $11.20/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $11.20/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $425/ton Ammonium Sulfate, $10.00/gal. Coron + Boron, $0.59/lb. Urea, $4.00/A. dry fertilizer application cost, and $6.00/A. spray application cost. The application of Coron at the R4 stage resulted in a yield gain of 2.8 and the only positive return on investment of $15.36/A. The excellent growing conditions that we received this year at the Kentucky PFR site gave us high yields across the board, resulting in yield bumps with several products in the study, but not positive returns. This study will be examined in the future to see if these results change over time. 150

151 Rainfall in Inches Kentucky PFR BECK S Foliar Feed Study PLANTED: May 28, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 21, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till/Field Cultivation POPULATION: 140,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Post: 1 qt. Liberty, 2 oz. Zidua ROWS: Eleven 15" Rows INSECTICIDE: Escalate REPLICATIONS: Four (averaged) PRODUCT TESTED: Beck 483NL The goal of this study is to determine if additional yield and profit can be gained through the use of foliar fertilizers at various growth stages. The following products were tested in this year s Study: Ferti-K is a blend of Sure-K and Ferti-Rain in a 2:1 Ratio. Sure-K is a chloride-free potassium solution which can be used in a foliar application, applied at planting to the soil, or at sidedress that presents a very low risk of crop injury. Ferti-Rain is a multinutrient formulation used with other foliar fertilizers to stimulate foliar absorption. AC-97 is a foliar nutritional product developed by CP-Bio, Inc. that combines plant hormones and micronutrients. Strive is a specialty foliar fertilizer that contains salicylic acid that helps the plant combat stress. Nspire is a slow release Nitrogen with built in stimulant and no phototoxicity for faster uptake and utilization. Treatment Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment Control $ gal. V $ $ gal. Ferti-K + 1 qt. V $ $ gal. Ferti-K + 2 oz. V $ $ gal. R $ $ gal. Ferti-K + 1 gal. R $ $ gal. Ferti-K + 2 oz. R $ $13.61 AVERAGE $ $3.81 * corrected to 13% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $11.20/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $11.20/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable.$6.75/gal. Ferti-K, $48.00/gal. AC-97, $224.00/gal. Strive and $11.50/gal. NSpire. $6.00/A. Application. The results of this year s study show that the combination of Ferti-K and Nspire gave us the largest increase with a 2.4 yield advantage. Ferti-K by itself, applied at the R3 growth stage, was a very close second. However, when we look at return on investment, the treatment of straight Ferti-K at R3 was $0.30/A. higher than the combination treatment of Ferti-K and Nspire. While some treatments were profitable most were not quite profitable enough to show a good return. We will continue to study these products, working with various timing and rates, and monitor the results in the future. 151

152 Kentucky PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Wheat Herbicide/ Soybean Tolerance Study PLANTED: June 21, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Wheat HARVESTED: October 30, 2014 TILLAGE: Summer No-Till POPULATION: 220,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Post: 1 qt. Generic Glyphosate, 0.3 oz. FirstRate ROWS: Eleven 15" Rows INSECTICIDE: Escalate REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) With the many different chemistries of residual wheat herbicides that are on the market, many growers want to know what kind of effect these herbicides have on their wheat and double crop soybean yields. In this study we applied these herbicides to the wheat in the fall and took them to yield. We then planted four different soybean varieties to see what the herbicides effects were on yield. It should also be noted that in this study we looked at Palisade, which is not a herbicide, but a growth regulator for wheat that is commonly used in the Beck s Hybrids marketing area. Brand & Treatment Emerged Population Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment BECK 425R4 * Control 177, $ oz. Palisade 150, $ $ oz. Dicamba 172, $ $ oz. Power Flex HL 169, $ $ oz. Olympus Flex 164, $ $ oz. Metribuzin 180, $ $ oz. Zidua 162, $ $ oz. Harmony Extra SG 188, $ $ oz. Finesse 177, $ $36.96 AVERAGE 171, BECK 433R2 * Control 183, $ oz. Palisade 157, $ $ oz. Dicamba 158, $ $ oz. Power Flex HL 170, $ $ oz. Olympus Flex 158, $ $ oz. Metribuzin 177, $ $ oz. Zidua 170, $ $ oz. Harmony Extra SG 185, $ $ oz. Finesse 182, $ $25.76 AVERAGE 171, BECK 444NR * Control 190, $ oz. Palisade 134, $ $ oz. Dicamba 181, $ $ oz. Power Flex HL 164, $ $ oz. Olympus Flex 198, $ $ oz. Metribuzin 182, $ $ oz. Zidua 173, $ $ oz. Harmony Extra SG 187, $ $ oz. Finesse 191, $ $2.24 AVERAGE 178,

153 Rainfall in Inches Kentucky PFR Brand & Treatment BECK S Wheat Herbicide/ Soybean Tolerance Study - Continued Emerged Population Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment BECK 457R4 * Control 106, $ oz. Palisade 60, $ $ oz. Dicamba 81, $ $ oz. Power Flex HL 116, $ $ oz. Olympus Flex 94, $ $ oz. Metribuzin 99, $ $ oz. Zidua 64, $ $ oz. Harmony Extra SG 120, $ $ oz. Finesse 108, $ $47.04 AVERAGE 94, VARIETY AVERAGE Control 164, $ oz. Palisade 125, $ $ oz. Dicamba 148, $ $ oz. Power Flex HL 155, $ $ oz. Olympus Flex 153, $ $ oz. Metribuzin 159, $ $ oz. Zidua 142, $ $ oz. Harmony Extra SG 170, $ $ oz. Finesse 165, $ $9.52 AVERAGE 154, * corrected to 13% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $11.20/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $11.20/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. When we look at the results we see that the effect of these chemistries vary drastically based on the variety. Looking at the four variety average, Dicamba sprayed in the fall ahead of the wheat gave us a return of $33.04/A. with an average yield bump of 3.0 Zidua also gave us a good return across all varieties at $28.12/A. and a 2.5 advantage over the control. Palisade showed the best return average at $49.28/A and a 4.4 advantage. We believe this yield advantage is due to the reduction in the amount of straw residue from the Palisade application, resulting in light straw at planting of the double crop beans. Product prices were not subtracted from the net return because these applications were made to the wheat in the fall, at planting. In this study, we were looking at the effect on the soybeans following these wheat treatments. Although this is the first year for this study at the Kentucky location, it is one that we will continue to evaluate in the future. 153

154 Kentucky PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Double Crop Foliar Fungicide/ Insecticide Study PLANTED: July 13, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Wheat HARVESTED: November 10, 2014 TILLAGE: Summer No-Till POPULATION: 220,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Post: 1 qt. Generic Glyphosate, 0.3 oz. FirstRate ROWS: Eleven 15" Rows INSECTICIDE: Escalate REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 485R4 * Each year there continues to be more growers looking at the use of fungicides and insecticides for their own operations. With the large amount of double crop soybeans grown in the southern portion of Beck s Hybrids marketing area, we often get the question of whether or not to apply this practice to double crops. In this study we look at the use of Priaxor and Fastac at various growth stages. Treatment & Growth Stage Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment Control $ R2 3.2 oz. Fastac $ $ oz. Priaxor $ $ oz. Priaxor oz. Fastac $ $33.46 R3 3.2 oz. Fastac $ $ oz. Priaxor $ $ oz. Priaxor oz. Fastac $ $3.50 R4 3.2 oz. Fastac $ $ oz. Priaxor $ $ oz. Priaxor oz. Fastac $ $5.46 * corrected to 13% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $11.20/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $11.20/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $543/gal. Priaxor, $117/gal. Fastac and $6.00/A. application cost.. In the first year for this study at the Kentucky location, we found that we had our best return on investment from the application of both fungicide and insectide at the R2 growth stage. This combination gave us a $33.46/A. ROI. We also saw a return on investment of $30.79/A. from the use of Priaxor at the R2 Growth Stage. In this study, the use of the fungicide/insecticide combination across all growth stages gave us our largest yield increases. However, the application at the R3 growth stage was not large enough to give us a positive return on investment. This is a study that will need to be looked at in years to come. 154

155 Rainfall in Inches Kentucky PFR BECK S Double Crop Population Study PLANTED: June 30, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Wheat HARVESTED: October 27, 2014 HERBICIDE: Post: 1 qt. Generic Glyphosate, 0.03 oz. FirstRate POPULATION: 140,000 seeds/a. INSECTICIDE: Escalate ROWS: Eleven 15" Rows PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 433R2 * REPLICATIONS: Four (averaged) To evaluate different planted populations of double crop soybeans following wheat to determine what the optimum seeding rate is. Planted Population (seeds/a.) Emerged Population Bushels Net^ Return Net Return Rank 140, , $ , , $ , , $ , , $ , , $ * corrected to 13% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $11.20/Bu.) minus treatment cost. $59.00/bag BECK 433R2 *. In this study, we found that the planted population of 260,000 seeds/a. gave us the highest yields and net return. What is suprising is that the second place ROI belongs to the lowest population of 140,000 plants/a. The difference in ROI and populations is going to be interesting to look at after we have several years of data. This is the first year that this study has been completed at the Kentucky Location, and is one that needs to be looked at more in the future. 155

156

The 2014 growing season officially started at the Central Illinois PFR Center on April 12th when corn planting began in ideal seedbed conditions but with cool soil temperatures.

157 The 2014 growing season officially started at the Central Illinois PFR Center on April 12th when corn planting began in ideal seedbed conditions but with cool soil temperatures. Near-perfect soil conditions allowed the first agronomic studies to be planted, starting the spring planting season. Our second run of corn planting began on April 18th with the same ideal seedbed conditions, but with warmer soil temperatures. These two April planting dates offered some incredible corn yields at harvest. The remainder of the corn planting was finished by May 10th when soils dried out after some late April Jason Webster, CCA Clayton Stufflebeam rains. On Mother s Day weekend (May 11th), a storm front brought heavy rains CILPFR Director CILPFR Operations Lead along with very cool temperatures. The storm caused cool, saturated soils to exist for a ten-day period. This prolonged stress period caused some corn emergence issues. As a result, replanting was required in some areas near Central Illinois PFR, especially to the north. Ben Arteman CILPFR Assistant Our multi-hybrid corn planting studies continued again in 2014 with our new single-row, dual-meter Kinze 4900 planter. This is the third year of testing multi-hybrid planting and we enjoyed the opportunity to begin test planting on February 20th near Temple, Texas. This early planting date allowed us to test our equipment in warm weather while snow and ice still prevailed in Illinois. We finished up planting in Texas the first week of March and quickly shipped equipment back to Illinois for planting here at home. The bulk of soybean planting started the first week of May but was abruptly halted due to the May 11th rains. This weather event was crucial for soybeans, as many soybeans exhibited herbicide and/or Pythium damage from the cool, saturated soils. Soybean planting finished the week of May 20th, much later than we would have liked. Once the entire crop had emerged, environmental conditions were excellent throughout the summer months. Frequent rainfall events were irrigation like and the crop endured virtually zero stress throughout the summer. Temperatures were ideal, giving the corn and soybean crop an impeccable environment for high yields. We once again continued our nitrogen management trials through our PFR Partner Program in June. We were able to travel to many growers farms and present a challenge. The challenge was to compare their current nitrogen program to those that differ in form, timing, and rate. August came and went with a very successful field show. This year we had over 1,000 people attend. We enjoyed showcasing our agronomic trials and sharing with growers the information we have learned over the years from our PFR program. Harvest was later than normal due to the later planting dates and cooler weather. However, once we started harvesting the April 12th and 18th corn planting dates, we quickly found that yields were historically high. In fact, it was every exciting to see two Beck corn hybrids (BECK 5828AMX * and BECK EX 1434 (6365 Genetics) *) exceed the 300 level in 2014! It was truly a remarkable harvest and we were blessed to have such a bountiful crop. As corn harvest continued, corn yields did plateau at later planting dates, but it was very common to see in many of the trials at Central Illinois PFR. Soybeans were a concern at harvest due to the higher than normal amounts of white mold disease from frequent rains and cool weather. However, soybean yields were common in many trials. Our highest soybean yield came in our 100 Bu. Attempt with 83.8 soybeans. On many levels, 2014 was a very successful year and we feel very blessed. We learned a great deal throughout the year and cannot wait to share our agronomic information with our customers. Enjoy this year s PFR publication, and we hope to see you soon as we conduct Winter Meetings in early

158 Central Illinois PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Corn Show Plot PLANTED: April 23, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: September 29, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 34,500 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: ROWS: Four 30" Rows Post: 10 oz. Verdict, 2 oz. Zidua 1 qt. Durango INSECTICIDE: Escalate Yield Rank Brand Emerged Population Test Weight Bushels 1 BECK 5828AMX * 32, Phoenix 5642A4 ** 32, BECK 6575HR * 34, BECK 6948A3 33, BECK EX 1420 (5939 Genetics) * 33, Phoenix 5552EZ ** 33, Phoenix 6542A4 ** 33, BECK 5509A3 32, BECK 6348A3 33, BECK 6626AMX-R * 30, BECK 4321AM * 32, BECK 5475AMXT * 33, BECK 5131AM * 31, BECK EX 1434 (6365 Genetics) * 33, Phoenix 5832A3 ** 33, BECK EX 8361 (6347 Genetics) 33, BECK EX 1473 (5852 Genetics) 32, BECK EX 1406 (5234 Genetics) * 30, Phoenix 5842EZ ** 34, BECK 5385A3 32, BECK EX 1311 (6140 Genetics) * 31, BECK 5140HR * 33, BECK 6175AMXT * 33, BECK EX 1401 (4721 Genetics) * 29, BECK 6272AM-R * 33, AVERAGE 32, * ** Phoenix brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. Phoenix is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. and test weight corrected to 15% moisture. 158

159 Rainfall in Inches Central Illinois PFR BECK S 300 Bushel Attempt April Planting, Corn After Soybeans PLANTED: April 18, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: September 23, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: Various HERBICIDE: Pre: 5 oz. Verdict, 2 oz. Zidua ROWS: Four 30" Rows Post: 1 qt. Durango REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate This is our 8th year at the Central Illinois PFR Center attempting to reach 300 bushel corn. This year s 300 bushel attempt was based on a high management program compared to a control planted on April 18th. The control program consisted of a normal 180 lb. nitrogen rate for corn after soybeans with populations of 34,500 seeds/a. No other treatments were made in this control program. The high management program consisted of the various treatments which are listed in the High Yield Treatment table. These treatments were used in an effort to ramp up yields to 300 Additionally, all treatments were used in individual PFR research plots in Please refer to the Table of Contents to find each plot summary. Yield Rank Brand Planted Population Bushels CONTROL 1 BECK EX 1434 (6365 Genetics) * 34, BECK 5828AMX * 34, Phoenix 5552EZ ** 34, BECK EX 1420 (5939 Genetics) * 34, BECK 6175AMXT * 34, BECK 5509A3 34, Phoenix 6542A4 ** 34, BECK 6626AMX-R * 34, AVERAGE 34, HIGH YIELD TREATMENT 1 BECK EX 1434 (6365 Genetics) * 37, BECK 5828AMX * 37, Phoenix 5552EZ ** 37, BECK EX 1420 (5939 Genetics) * 37, BECK 6175AMXT * 37, BECK 5509A3 37, Phoenix 6542A4 ** 37, BECK 6626AMX-R * 37, AVERAGE 37, * ** Phoenix brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. Phoenix is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. corrected to 15% moisture. The goal of hitting 300 was successful at the Central Illinois Practical Farm Research Center with two Beck hybrids exceeding the 300 bushel yield level! In this 300 Bu. Challenge implemented into a corn after soybean rotation, BECK EX1434 (6365 Genetics) * topped the plot with yield of Additionally, BECK 5828AMX * broke the 300 Bu. barrier with a yield of At Beck s, we are very excited that both of our 300 Bu./A winners are corn hybrids that are very new to the Beck s corn lineup. These new high yielding corn hybrids are a testament to the hard work of the Beck s corn breeding and research team, and we are very excited to offer these high yielding products to farmers across our marketing area. Overall, the high yield management program offered an average yield of 281.5, which was a 15.8 average yield gain over the control program. HIGH YIELD TREATMENT 4 oz. V5 125 lb. Nitrogen PPI 10 oz. Headline VT 1 qt. Versa V4 3,000 seeds/a. Plant Pop. Increase 1 qt. Infusion V5 1 qt. Preplant 1 qt. V lb. Nitrogen V5 50 lb. Nitrogen V10 Factor & Instinct Nitrogen Stabilizers PPI 8 oz. V4 159

160 Central Illinois PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S 300 Bushel Attempt May Planting, Corn After Soybeans PLANTED: May 5, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: September 23, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 34,500 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 5 oz. Verdict, 2 oz. Zidua ROWS: Four 30" Rows Post: 1 qt. Durango INSECTICIDE: Escalate This is our 8th year at the Central Illinois PFR Center attempting to reach 300 bushel corn. This 300 bushel attempt was a later planting date trial and based on a high management program compared to a control. The control program consisted of a normal 180 lb. nitrogen rate for corn after soybeans with populations of 34,500 seeds/a. No other treatments were made in this control program. The high management program consisted of the various treatments which are listed in the High Yield Treatment table. These treatments were used in an effort to ramp up yields to 300 Additionally, all treatments were used in individual PFR research plots in Please refer to the Table of Contents to find each plot summary. Yield Rank Brand Planted Population Bushels CONTROL 1 BECK EX 1420 (5939 Genetics) * 34, BECK EX 1434 (6365 Genetics) * 34, BECK 5509A3 34, Phoenix 5552EZ ** 34, BECK 5828AMX * 34, BECK 6175AMXT * 34, Phoenix 6542A4 ** 34, BECK 6626AMX-R * 34, AVERAGE 34, HIGH YIELD TREATMENT 1 BECK EX 1420 (5939 Genetics) * 37, BECK EX 1434 (6365 Genetics) * 37, BECK 5509A3 37, Phoenix 5552EZ ** 37, BECK 5828AMX * 37, BECK 6175AMXT * 37, Phoenix 6542A4 ** 37, BECK 6626AMX-R * 37, AVERAGE 37, * ** Phoenix brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. Phoenix is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. corrected to 15% moisture. This later planted 300 attempt (May 5) fell short of our goal of hitting 300 Overall average yields in both management strategies ranged from An earlier planting date in April with these same treatments and corn hybrids was able to have two hybrids exceed the 300 mark. The later date proved to be too short of a growing season and more importantly, this planting date suffered from severe wind damage that occurred right before pollination that caused poor pollination and harvest problems. The planting date of corn is a major decision that corn growers need to evaluate each year. This study reveals what can happen when we miss an early window in April, when corn could be planted in ideal conditions. This May planted 300 Bu. Challenge averaged lower yields of 45 by waiting to plant three weeks later on May 8th. The high management program did in fact have higher average yields of 5.2, but some hybrids showed accelerated levels of variablity due to the root lodging that occured from the pre-tassel wind storm. VT corn fungicide was not applied due to root lodging. 160 HIGH YIELD TREATMENT 4 oz. V5 125 lb. Nitrogen PPI 1 qt. Versa V4 3,000 seeds/a. Plant Pop. Increase 1 qt. Infusion V5 1 qt. Preplant 1 qt. V lb. Nitrogen V5 50 lb. Nitrogen V10 Factor & Instinct Nitrogen Stabilizers PPI 8 oz. V4

Rainfall in Inches 2.51 2.65 6.14 6.69 3.71 21.

seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 8 oz. Verdict ROWS: Six 30" Rows Post: 1 qt.

161 Rainfall in Inches Central Illinois PFR BECK S In-Furrow Fungicide Study PLANTED: May 8, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: September 29, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 34,500 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 8 oz. Verdict ROWS: Six 30" Rows Post: 1 qt. Durango REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 5131AM * To evaluate the use of Priaxor, Headline EC, Evito and Stratego YLD liquid fungicides as in-furrow, at-plant treatments through seed firmers. All of these products are applied with a carrier of water instead of liquid fertilizer, as there are both oil- and water-based fungicides being evaluated in this study. Treatment Formulation Base Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment Control $1, oz. Priaxor In-Furrow Water $1, $ oz. Headline EC In-Furrow Oil $1, $ oz. Evito SC In-Furrow Water $1, $ oz. Stratego YLD In-Furrow Water $1, $12.18 AVERAGE $0.31 corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost. $16.97/A. Priaxor, $19.17/A. Headline EC, $8.00/A. Evito and $8.16/A. Stratego YLD. On average, in-furrow treatments provided average yield increases of 3.1, and each individual treatment contributed to yield gains. Priaxor and Headline EC were used at full labeled rates, while Evito and Stratego YLD were applied at 50% rates based upon manufacturer recommendations. It is interesting to note that both products at full rate provided negative net returns, while the 50% rates garnered an average return on investment of +$8.73/A. We will continue to monitor this in future testing. High-Tech Memory Polymer Delivers Optimum Down Pressure TM Protected Stainless Steel Liquid Tube Patent Pending Replaceable Wear Plate On-Seed and Y-Band Liquid Nozzles Revolutionary Seed Firmer Technology Exclusively Distributed by Beck s Hybrids 161

162 Central Illinois PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Fungicide Timing Study PLANTED: May 5, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: September 27, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 34,500 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: ROWS: Four 30" Rows Post: 8 oz. Verdict, 2 oz. Zidua 1 qt. Durango REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate This study was designed to evaluate the performance of foliar fungicides on corn at various timings. Three treatments were compared to an untreated control: a single application of 4 oz. Priaxor applied at V5; a two-pass program of 4 oz. Priaxor applied at V5 followed by 10 oz., Headline AMP at VT; and a single application of 10 oz. Headline AMP applied at the VT growth stage. Nine hybrids representing three levels of hybrid response (high, medium, and low) were used to evaluate if the optimum timing of application is affected by hybrid susceptibility. Brand Diff. Net^ Return Return on Investment BECK 5475AMXT * Control $ oz. V $ $ oz. V oz. Headline VT $ $ oz. Headline VT $ $11.25 AVERAGE $ $2.79 BECK 5509A3 Control $ oz. V $ $ oz. V oz. Headline VT $ $ oz. Headline VT $ $10.23 AVERAGE $ $20.46 BECK 5828AMX * Control $ oz. V $ $ oz. V oz. Headline VT $ $ oz. Headline VT $ $21.45 AVERAGE $ $20.16 BECK 6175AMXT * Control $ oz. V $ $ oz. V oz. Headline VT $ $ oz. Headline VT $ $52.60 AVERAGE $ $48.13 BECK 6948A3 Control $ oz. V $ $ oz. V oz. Headline VT $ $ oz. Headline VT $ $29.44 AVERAGE $ $32.88 BECK EX 1420 (5939 GENETICS) * Control $ oz. V $ $ oz. V oz. Headline VT $ $ oz. Headline VT $ $23.48 AVERAGE $ $ Beck's Fungicide Rating Medium High Medium Low Low Medium * ** Phoenix brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. Phoenix is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus $0.04/point drying cost, treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. 4 oz. Priaxor $16.97/A. (no application cost). VT Headline AMP $20.31/A. + $7.00 application cost. Combination treatments $37.28/A. + $7.00 application cost.

163 Rainfall in Inches Central Illinois PFR Brand BECK S Fungicide Timing Study - Continued Diff. Net^ Return Return on Investment BECK EX 1434 (6365 GENETICS) * Control $ oz. V $ $ oz. V oz. Headline VT $ $ oz. Headline VT $ $1.14 AVERAGE $ $10.72 PHOENIX 5552EZ ** Control $ oz. V $ $ oz. V oz. Headline VT $ $ oz. Headline VT $ $24.95 AVERAGE $ $5.40 PHOENIX 5832A3 ** Control $1, oz. V $ $ oz. V oz. Headline VT $ $ oz. Headline VT $ $35.60 AVERAGE $ $39.95 TREATMENT SUMMARY Control $ oz. V $ $ oz. V oz. Headline VT $ $ oz. Headline VT $ $5.29 AVERAGE $ $14.19 Beck's Fungicide Rating Medium High Low Return/A. $0.00 -$5.00 -$ $ $ $ $ CILPFR Corn Fungicide Timing Summary 4 oz. V5 4 oz. V oz. Headline VT 10 oz. Headline VT Return -$ $ $5.29 Yield Fungicide Timing Return/A. Hybrid Response to Fungicide $20.00 $10.00 $0.00 -$ $ $ $ $50.00 V5 VT Low Reponse Hybrids -$ $39.21 Med. Response Hybrids -$1.19 +$13.76 High Response Hybrids -$ $7.36 Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 1 illustrates the overall average yield and net return of all fungicide treatments in the study. As a whole, negative returns were realized from every fungicide timing. Only one hybrid (BECK 5828 AMX * ) of the nine total tested, incurred positive net returns from V5 Priaxor applications. Four of the nine hybrids (BECK 5828 AMXT *, Phoenix 5552EZ **, EX 1420 (5939 Genetics) *, and BECK 5475 AMXT * ) proved economic gains from VT fungicide applications. The best way to analyze this particular study is to break out fungicide performance by a hybrid s fungicide response rating. In the far right column of the data table above, each hybrid s fungicide rating is listed from Beck s Corn Product Guide. This particular fungicide rating is provided by Beck s Hybrids for every corn hybrid that we currently have in our lineup and can be a great predictor of how corn hybrids respond to various levels of leaf disease. We must pay close attention to weather conditions, crop rotation, leaf disease presence, as well as fungicide response ratings for each hybrid to fully comprehend and evaluate fungicide applications. As depicted in Figure 2, corn hybrids with a fungicide response rating of Low, realized no financial gain from either V5 or VT fungicide applications. Hybrids in the study that are classified with a Medium or High fungicide response might help explain the financial gains that occurred as a result of VT fungicide applications. These fungicide response ratings cannot replace scouting fields for leaf disease, but can give an indication of how hybrids need to be managed throughout the growing season. Please contact your local Beck s representative for more information regarding corn hybrid fungicide response. For more information on fungicide research please refer to pages for our multi-location study. 163

Central Illinois PFR Rainfall in Inches 2.51 2.65 6.14 6.69 3.71 21.

HERBICIDE: Pre: 5 oz. Verdict, 2 oz. Zidua ROWS: Four 30" Rows Post: 1 qt.

Three corn hybrids were manually inoculated with five corn leaf diseases that are prevalent throughout Beck s marketing area.

Yield losses are also calculated to analyze the potential threat of each disease.

The following leaf diseases were inoculated: Gray Leaf Spot: This leaf disease is cause by the fungus Cercospora zeae-maydis and symptoms include lesions that are yellow to tan in color and have a

164 Central Illinois PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Leaf Disease Inoculation Study PLANTED: June 13, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: October 25, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 34,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 5 oz. Verdict, 2 oz. Zidua ROWS: Four 30" Rows Post: 1 qt. Durango REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate This study is designed to evaluate various leaf diseases in corn. Three corn hybrids were manually inoculated with five corn leaf diseases that are prevalent throughout Beck s marketing area. The goal of this study is to inoculate corn hybrids so that we can identify the symptomology of the disease and use it for training purposes with customers. Yield losses are also calculated to analyze the potential threat of each disease. Fungal spores were inoculated at growth stage V10 so that disease symptomology would be present at or right before the reproductive growth stage. The following leaf diseases were inoculated: Gray Leaf Spot: This leaf disease is cause by the fungus Cercospora zeae-maydis and symptoms include lesions that are yellow to tan in color and have a faint watery halo which can be seen when held up to the light. After about two weeks, the lesions appear tan to brown in color and rectangular in shape, bordered by the veins of the leaf. Gray leaf spot overwinters in corn debris left on the soil surface. In late spring, in response to warm temperatures and high humidity, conidia (spores) begin to develop on residues. These are blown by wind onto the lower leaves of the present season s corn plants. Usually, the initial infections occur in mid to late June but the disease does not begin to spread rapidly until late July and August. The earlier the infection occurs, the more time there is available for secondary spread and leaf damage, resulting in greater yield losses. Infection requires leaf surfaces to be wet for 11 to 13 hours and relative humidity in the leaf canopy to be at or above 90% for an uninterrupted period of 12 to 13 hours. Under such conditions the fungus matures and develops conidia, which are blown to the upper leaves of the plant where they germinate and start new lesions. Eyespot: The disease is caused by the fungus Aureobasidium zeae (Kabatiella zeae). It overwinters in the residue from corn, which is its only reported host. The pathogen favors cool temperatures, humid and wet conditions, continuous corn, conservation tillage, and susceptible corn hybrids. Symptoms of eyespot are small, circular spots (1/16 to 1/8 in. diameter) that are water-soaked with yellow halos on leaves. Eyespot appears to be most severe in fields where residue from the previous corn crop is left on the soil surface and in fields of continuous corn for two or more years. Eyespot is favored by long periods of cool, wet weather during the growing season. The fungus overwinters and survives between corn crops on residue left on the soil surface. Southern Corn Leaf Blight: Southern Corn Leaf Blight is caused by the fungus Bipolaris maydis (Helminthosporium maydis). It is particularly damaging in warm, moist weather. Lesions on the leaves caused by Race 0 of the fungus are elongated between the veins, tan, up to one inch long, with limited parallel margins and buff to brown borders. This fungus overwinters on corn debris in the field, therefore rotation and destruction of residue will help reduce losses due to this disease. Northern Corn Leaf Blight: Infection of corn by the NCLB fungus, Exserohilum turcicium, occurs when temperatures are warm (65 to 80 F) and free water is present on the leaves for 6 to 18 hours. Northern Corn Leaf Blight symptomology displays distinct, long, cigar-shaped lesions on corn leaves. This necrosis of leaf tissue decreases photosynthesis, the ability to capture sunlight and to process sugars. The fungus survives in corn debris and builds up over time in high-residue and continuous corn cropping systems. It is favored by heavy dews, frequent showers, high humidity and moderate temperatures. Goss Wilt: The causal agent is Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis and is one of only few plant diseases caused by a Gram positive bacterium. The pathogen can cause two major types of symptoms, a systemic wilt and leaf blight. The leaf blight phase of the disease is the most common and can cause the development of lesions with wavy margins similar to some other diseases. Two characteristics can be used to distinguish it from other diseases. The first identifiable characteristic is the development of dark green to black discontinuous water-soaked spots, sometimes called freckles because of their appearance, near the edges of expanding lesions. The bacteria can also create an exudate or ooze on the surfaces of the leaf (the second identifiable characteristic). When dried, the exudate may glisten and appear shiny on the leaf surface, similar to varnish (photo). The disease can also have a systemic wilt phase in which the bacteria infect the vascular system and move within the plant. Infection may cause discoloration of the pith and eventually a slimy stalk rot that can lead to wilting and plant death. 164 Gray Leaf Spot Eye Spot S. Corn Leaf Blight N. Corn Leaf Blight Goss Wilt

82 -$139.03 Gray Leaf Spot 15.5 108.3-36.0 $449.45 -$149.40 Goss's Wilt 15.5 87.6-56.7 $363.54 -$235.31 AVERAGE -34.8 -$144.26 BECK 6077AM-R * Control 31.1 124.0 --- $514.

165 Rainfall in Inches Central Illinois PFR BECK S Leaf Disease Inoculation Study - Continued Brand & Treatment Bushels Gross^ Return Loss of Revenue/A. BECK 4321AM * Control $ Northern Corn Leaf Blight $ $ Southern Corn Leaf Blight $ $87.57 Eyespot $ $ Gray Leaf Spot $ $ Goss's Wilt $ $ AVERAGE $ BECK 6077AM-R * Control $ Northern Corn Leaf Blight $ $75.53 Southern Corn Leaf Blight $ $ Eyespot $ $73.04 Gray Leaf Spot $ $97.11 Goss's Wilt $ $ AVERAGE $ BECK 6733HXR * Control $ Northern Corn Leaf Blight $ $90.05 Southern Corn Leaf Blight $ $ Eyespot $ $75.94 Gray Leaf Spot $ $84.66 Goss's Wilt $ $ AVERAGE $ DISEASE SUMMARY Northern Corn Leaf Blight $ $91.85 Southern Corn Leaf Blight $ $ Eyespot $ $96.00 Gray Leaf Spot $ $ Goss's Wilt $ $ * corrected to 15% moisture. ^Gross return is x $4.15/Bu. Loss of revenue/a. is difference x $4.15/Bu. The disease summary shows the yield loss of manual inoculations of leaf diseases. Every inoculation caused significant yield losses ranging from to Goss Wilt caused the highest yield losses at -37.9, while Gray Leaf Spot suffered 22.1 deficits. This study was designed with the intention to assist growers in scouting for leaf diseases, how to identify them with symptomology, and finally what can happen to corn yield if left untreated. This study also provided great training for the PFR staff as well. This teaching exercise involved the fungal spores, the actual inoculation and timing, and of course, symptomolgy at tassel growth stages. Thank you to the Central Illinois PFR Center summer interns for assisting with the plot and making the manual inoculations. Central Illinois PFR interns innoculating corn. 165

166 Central Illinois PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S 360 UnderCOVER Study PLANTED: May 20, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: September 30, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 34,500 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: ROWS: Six 30" Rows Post: 8 oz. Verdict, 2 oz. Zidua 1 qt. Durango REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 5475AMX * This first year study evaluates the use of the 360 UnderCOVER system. This technology gives you the ability to deliver inner-canopy coverage for a wider window of crop applications with various liquid sprays such as fungicides, insecticides, or nutritional products. The 360 UnderCOVER systems mount to an existing 360 YDrop, and each unit operates up to six multi-directional spray nozzles in a hard shelled housing that gives the ability to spray product upward to allow for upper and lower leaf coverage within the plant canopy. This trial evaluates traditional over the top ground applications compared to 360 UnderCOVER inner-canopy applications of Headline AMP fungicide on BECK 5475AMX * at the VT growth stage. Treatment Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment 360 UnderCOVER Advantage Control $ oz. Headline VT Over Top $ $ oz. Headline VT with 360 UnderCOVER $ $ $17.54 AVERAGE $ $31.38 * corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. VT Headline AMP $20.31/A. Application cost $7.00/A., and $0.04/A. drying cost. Overall, fungicide applications on BECK 5475AMX * provided yield gains of 16.1 However, 360 UnderCOVER performed 4.6 better than traditional over the top ground treatments. More evaluations need to be completed with 360 UnderCOVER, but data in this particular study looks very promising for this type of application of fungicide. As we study more treatments and evaluate different foliar products, it will be interesting to see how both upper and lower leaf coverage could offer the ability to increase corn yields. Watch 360 UnderCOVER technology in action spraying corn fungicides at 166

167 Rainfall in Inches Central Illinois PFR BECK S Fungicide/Nutritional Study PLANTED: April 12, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: September 19, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 34,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: ROWS: Eight 30" Rows Post: 8 oz. Verdict, 2 oz. Zidua 1 qt. Durango REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 5509A3 To evaluate the addition of a liquid foliar fertilizer to Headline AMP fungicide applied at the VT growth stage on BECK 5509A is a clear, low salt, non-corrosive, 100% orthophosphate liquid fertilizer containing 3% N, 18% P, and 18% K. It is designed as a foliar solution that quickly and efficiently optimizes nutrient uptake without foliar leaf burn or damage. Treatment Bushels Diff. Net^ Return Return on Investment Yield Adv Net Return Advantage Control $1, oz. Headline VT $1, $ oz. Headline AMP + 2 gal. VT $1, $ $1.70 corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $20.31/A. VT Headline AMP plus $7.00/A. application cost; $10.00/A and $0.04/A. drying cost treatments improved yields by 2.0 versus stand-alone applications of Headline AMP foliar fungicide. With the ideal growing conditions we enjoyed during the 2014 growing season, we thought we might have the ability to expand the opportunity to increase yield potential by way of a foliar nutritional product such as After the cost of product and application, treatments did not offer a positive return on investment. We will, however, continue to try and find ways to increase yield through nutritional products in the future at Beck s Central Illinois PFR Center. BECK S Serenade Study PLANTED: May 10, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 25, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 34,500 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: ROWS: Four 30" Rows Post: 5 oz. Verdict, 2 oz. Zidua 24 oz. Durango REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 5385A3 Serenade Soil is a strain of Bacillus subtilis, a fungicide designed to protect young plants against the profit-robbing effects of soil diseases like Pythium, Rhizoctonia, Fusarium and some strains of Phytophthora. Applied in the row at planting, Serenade Soil builds a disease protection zone around the seed or transplant. As the plants grow, the beneficial bacteria in Serenade Soil continue to grow, expanding the disease protection zone and attaching themselves like armor to the roots of the plants. Treatment Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment Control $ oz. Serenade Soil In-Furrow $ $19.36 corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost. $31.00/gal. Serenade Soil. This is our first year testing Serenade Soil and we are very pleased with the 2014 results. Serenade showed a 6.9 yield gain with a positive return on investment of $19.36/A. We look forward to testing Serenade soil in the years to come. 167

HERBICIDE: Pre: 5 oz. Verdict, 2 oz. Zidua ROWS: Two 30" Rows Post: 1 qt.

168 Central Illinois PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Closing Wheel Study PLANTED: May 7, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: October 1, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 34,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 5 oz. Verdict, 2 oz. Zidua ROWS: Two 30" Rows Post: 1 qt. Durango REPLICATIONS: Four (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK EX 1473 (5852 Genetics) To determine what impacts different closing wheel types have on plant emergence and yield. Nine closing wheel systems were used in this trial: conventional solid rubber closing wheels, 1 Yetter spike and 1 solid rubber, Great Plains MFG Inc. spider closing wheels with drag chains, Yetter paddle closing wheels, Yetter spike closing wheels with drag chains, and combinations of Dawn Gaugetine, Furrow Flex, Dawn Curvetine and soild rubber wheels. The Dawn Gaugetine and Curvetine Combination is experimental. This combination is not recommended by Dawn Equipment Company. The control in this study was two solid rubber closing wheels. Watch the closing wheels in action at Central Illinois PFR: Closing Wheel Emerged Population Bushels Gross^ Return Stand Solid Rubber (Control) 34, $ One Spike/One Rubber 34, $ Spider with Drag Chains 33, $ Curvetine/Furrow Flex 33, $ ,000.0 Curvetine/Rubber 33, $ Gaugetine/Rubber 33, $ Gaugetine/Furrow Flex 33, $ Gaugetine/Curvetine 34, $ Yetter Paddles 33, $1, Spike with Drag Chains 33, $1, AVERAGE 33, $ corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. This is our third year working with closing wheels at the Central Illinois PFR Center. In general, closing wheel systems yielded an average of 7.7 above the control of two solid rubber wheels. Yields ranged from 2.6 (1Spike/One Rubber) to 11.3 gains (2 Yetter Spike Wheels w/chains). Figure 1 illustrates the difference in overall yield of closing wheel systems. At CILPFR we like to think of planter Figure 1. closing wheels similiarly to that of downforce. We often change downforce on our planters to accommodate for differences in planting conditions and we feel that closing wheel systems should also be changed. Usually in dry planting conditions, two solid closing wheels will provide the best firming action and seed to soil contact. When conditions transition to higher moisture seedbeds, we have found that a spike/solid combination works well. We will continue this study in the future, as well as try to find new systems and/or products that will help finetune planter performance. 168 Yield Advantage () Closing Wheel Study: Yield 0.0 One Spike/ Spider with Curvetine/ Curvetine/ Gaugetine/ Gaugetine/ Gaugetine/ Yetter Spike with One Rubber Drag Chains Furrow Flex Rubber Rubber Furrow Flex Curvetine Paddles Drag Chains Yield

169

HERBICIDE: Pre: ROWS: Four 30" Rows Post: 8 oz. Verdict, 2 oz. Zidua 1 qt.

170 Central Illinois PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Planting Date Study PLANTED: Various PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: Various TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 34,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: ROWS: Four 30" Rows Post: 8 oz. Verdict, 2 oz. Zidua 1 qt. Durango INSECTICIDE: Escalate To evaluate the performance of two hybrids planted on several dates throughout the growing season. The long term goal of this study is to gather several years of data to help our customers find the optimum planting date window for corn. Brand Planting Date Test Weight Bushels Average from Previous Planting Date BECK 5385A3 2nd Week April BECK 6175AMX * 2nd Week April BECK 5385A3 3rd Week April BECK 6175AMX * 3rd Week April BECK 5385A3 4th Week April BECK 6175AMX * 4th Week April BECK 5385A3 2nd Week May BECK 6175AMX * 2nd Week May BECK 5385A3 3rd Week May BECK 6175AMX * 3rd Week May BECK 5385A3 4th Week May BECK 6175AMX * 4th Week May and test weight corrected to 15% moisture Yield by Planting Date Yield () BECK 5385A3 BECK 6175AMX * nd Week April 3rd Week April 4th Week April 2nd Week May 3rd Week May 4th Week May Planting Date Figure

171 Rainfall in Inches Central Illinois PFR BECK S Planting Date Study - Continued Ten-Year ( ) Corn Yield by Planting Date Economic Optimum Planting Date 120 3/27 4/3 4/10 4/17 4/24 5/1 5/8 5/15 5/22 5/29 6/5 6/12 Planting Date Figure 2. An overview of the 2014 corn planting season data tells us to plant early and plant often! The earliest we could plant corn at the Central Illinois PFR Center was the 2nd week of April, and what corn we planted that week was amazing to say the least. During this week of planting, the Central Illinois PFR Center had two hybrids that reached the 300 level, and this plot almost gave us a third and fourth. BECK 5385A3 and BECK 6175AMX * fell short of 300 by just 2.0 and 7.8 respectively. Figure 1 illustrates how planting date yields fell steadily each week after this 2nd week of April until our last planting near June 1st. During this time period, there was a 128 yield difference. Figure 2 illustrates the ten-year planting date history from This data shows that the optimum corn planting window is between April based on ten years of planting date trials. 171

172 Central Illinois PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Replant Study PLANTED: Various PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: September 27, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 34,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: ROWS: Four 30" Rows Post: 8 oz. Verdict, 2 oz. Zidua 1 qt. Durango INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 6175AMX *, BECK 5385A3 Often, the decision to replant can be a tough one for growers. The purpose of this study is to evaluate corn stands and determine whether or not it is profitable to replant. This is done by evaluating the yield performance of corn planted at 20,000 seeds/a. with random spacing versus a more uniform 34,000 seeds./a. replanted at various planting dates. Planting Date Bushels Net^ Return 2nd Week April rd Week April (Replanted) $ rd Week April th Week April (Replanted) $ th Week April nd Week May (Replanted) $ nd Week May rd Week May (Replanted) $ rd Week May th Week May (Replanted) $50.32 corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. $25.00/A. replant cost. Central Illinois PFR replant data suggests that replanting corn in April can reward a grower significantly if corn stands are at or near 20,000 plants/a. However, once replant dates get into the 2nd week of May, the success rate of replanting diminishes. Figure 1 illustrates that seven-year history of corn replanting at the Central Illinois PFR location has had positive net returns when the replanting occurred no later than the first week of May. As replanting occurred after the 1st week of May, leaving the low populations of 20,000 plants/a. has shown to offer higher net returns and profits. All factors of this replant trial are based on low corn populations of 20,000 plants/a. A grower must evaluate final corn stands to accurately know how much stands are reduced. If populations would drop below 20,000 plants/a., the advantages for replanting would increase significantly. 172 Return on Replant $ $ $ $ $50.00 $0.00 -$ $ $ rd Week March CILPFR Seven-Year Replant Economics 4th Week March 1st Week April 2nd Week April 3rd Week April 4th Week April 1st Week May 2nd Week May 3rd Week May 4th Week May Net Advantage +$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $98.46 Figure

173 Rainfall in Inches Central Illinois PFR BECK S Pinch Row Compaction Study PLANTED: May 14, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: October 30, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Field Cultivation POPULATION: 34,500 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 8 oz. Verdict, 2 oz. Zidua ROWS: Four 30" Rows Post: 40 oz. Roundup PowerMAX REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 5828AMX * To simulate and evaluate pinch row compaction that can be caused by center-fill planters. Center-fill planters have a large hopper box in the center of the main frame of the planter. This hopper box (when filled with seed) adds a tremendous amount of central weight to planter systems. This extra weight can cause pinch row compaction from the center tires of the planter as they hold the large majority of mainframe weight. This study will evaluate the difference in yield of pinch rows, compared to rows that would simulate the outside wings of a planter that would not have pinch row compaction issues. We will also evaluate pinch row compaction of a non-center-fill planter as well, in an attempt to reveal the yield difference of any pinch rows caused by the tires (duals) of the tractor itself. Treatment Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment NON-CENTER-FILL PLANTER Wing Rows $ Pinch Rows $ $13.28 CENTER-FILL PLANTER Wing Rows $ Pinch Rows $ $47.31 * corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable Pinch Row Compaction Summary Yield Loss () Non-Center-Fill Planter Pinch Rows Center-Fill Pinch Rows Figure 1. Center-fill planter pinch rows suffered yield losses of compared to outside wing rows. Non-center-fill planter pinch rows also suffered yield losses of -3.2 in pinch rows generated from just tractor tires (duals) and lower planter weight. These yield losses equated to 1.5%-5% of overall yield. Three-year data (Figure 1) suggests a yield loss of from pinch row compaction with center-fill planters and -3.1 Bu./A from non-center-fill planters. Growers should be conscious about weight distribution and pinch row compaction as they fill their bulkfill commodity tanks on center-fill planters, especially when planting in moist planting conditions. 173

174 Central Illinois PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Down Force Precision Planting Study PLANTED: May 20, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: October 01, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 35,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: ROWS: Eight 30" Rows Post: 5 oz. Verdict, 2 oz. Zidua 1 qt. Durango RELICATIONS: Three (averaged) PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 5475AMX * Beck s Central IL PFR teamed up with Precision Planting and 20/20 AirForce and DeltaForce systems to conduct this automatic down force adjustment trial. Down force adjustments allow the amount of weight on a planter row unit to maintain constant ground contact and planting depth. If we set our planter row units for too much down force pressure, it can produce side wall compaction, which can lead to poor root de velopment. Conversely, too little down force pressure leads to shallow planting depth. In both cases, yield loss can occur. Setting the amount of down force pressure depends on planting conditions and planting speed. Most planters have either a spring tension device, airbags, or hydraulic cylinders on the planter row units. These can be adjusted manually by adjusting the amount of spring tension or by increasing or decreasing air pressure or hydraulic pressure. In all three cases, these are manual adjustments that have to be made on a field by field basis. Determining the amount of down force can be difficult due to varying soil types, tillage conditions, soil moisture, and seed quantity in boxes. Precision Planting s 20/20 SeedSense system can measure ground contact and the total row unit weight to make automatic adjustments needed to maintain ideal down force regardless of planting conditions while maintaining the ground contact that assures uniform seeding depth. The 20/20 AirForce system uses airbags (Photo 1) as a means to change down force, while DeltaForce uses individual hydraulic cylinders (Photo 2-3) on each row. This is the second year of testing the DeltaForce down force system and the sixth year testing the AirForce at the Central Illinois PFR Center. Down Force Down Force Pressure Setting Bushels Gross^ Return $/A. DeltaForce Variable Rate Standard Setting (Control) $ $22.83 DeltaForce 0 lb. Manual $ $66.40 DeltaForce 125 lb. Manual $ $51.05 DeltaForce 250 lb. Manual $ $7.47 DeltaForce 375 lb. Manual $ $9.96 AirForce Variable Rate Standard Setting (Control) $ T-Spring 0 lb. Manual $ $34.86 T-Spring 125 lb. Manual $ $27.39 T-Spring 250 lb. Manual $ $6.64 T-Spring 375 lb. Manual $ $28.22 * corrected to 15% moisture. ^Gross return is x $4.15/Bu. $/A. difference is difference x $4.15/Bu. Yield Gain or Loss / Acre CILPFR AirForce Multi-Year Data +7.8 Bu Bu Bu Bu Bu. AirForce Variable Rate vs. Manual Setting AirForce Variable Rate 0 lb. 125 lb. 250 lb. 375 lb Figure 1.

Rainfall in Inches 2.51 2.65 6.14 6.69 3.71 21.70 Central Illinois PFR BECK S Down Force Precision Planting Study - Continued Photo 1. Precision Planting AirForce Photo 2.

In regards to AirForce down force, the highest yields resulted from variable rate down force from the AirForce system action. On average, manual T-Spring settings incurred yield losses of -5.

of down force was determined to be the ideal manual down force setting, but still yielded -1.6 Bu./A lower than variable rate AirForce.

175 Rainfall in Inches Central Illinois PFR BECK S Down Force Precision Planting Study - Continued Photo 1. Precision Planting AirForce Photo 2. Precision Planting DeltaForce Photo 3. Precision Planting DeltaForce In 2014, higher down force was needed to obtain optimum yields. In regards to AirForce down force, the highest yields resulted from variable rate down force from the AirForce system action. On average, manual T-Spring settings incurred yield losses of -5.8 with net average losses of -$24.28/A. compared to the AirForce variable rate system. Zero pounds of manual down force caused the highest yield loss of -8.4 Bu./A, while 250 lb. of down force was determined to be the ideal manual down force setting, but still yielded -1.6 Bu./A lower than variable rate AirForce. Six years of Beck s Central Illinois PFR data revealed in Figure 1 indicates that 125 lb. of row unit down force has on average obtained the highest non-airforce yields in this performance study. Figure 1 also illustrates that AirForce has outyielded manual T-Spring settings by an average of +7.8 As down force was lowered and increased from the 125 lb. setting, yields fell accordingly. Figure 2. In regard to 2014 DeltaForce testing, the highest yields resulted from variable rate down force with DeltaForce variable rate action. On average, manual DeltaForce settings incurred yield losses of 8.1 with net average losses of $33.72/A. compared to the DeltaForce variable rate system. Figure 2 reveals that 0 lb. of row unit down force incurred the highest yield losses of 16.3, and 250 lb. of down force was confirmed to be the ideal manual down force setting, identical to our AirForce results. Two-year DeltaForce testing (figure 2) has revealed that DeltaForce outyielded all manual settings by an average of 9.4 It also indicates that as down force was lowered or increased from the 250 lb. row unit setting, yields fell accordingly. Yield Gain or Loss / Acre CILPFR DeltaForce Multi -Year Data DeltaForce Variable Rate vs. Manual Settings DeltaForce Variable Rate 0 lb. 125 lb. 250 lb. 375 lb

176 Central Illinois PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Ag Leader Down Force Study PLANTED: May 20, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: October 1, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 35,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: ROWS: Eight 30" Rows Post: 5 oz. Verdict, 2 oz. Zidua 1 qt. Durango REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 5475AMX * In this 1st year study, Beck s Central Illinois PFR partnered with Ag Leader Technology to monitor and control planter down force on-the-go using the Ag Leader Integra display (Photo 1). The new Hydraulic Down Force System (Photo 2) offers up to 8 sections of control and adjusts pressure instantaneously based on field topography and soil conditions (Row-by-row sensors measure the down force needs of every row, and with 3-8 sections of control available, the pressure of rows with more compaction present can be adjusted to maintain proper planting depth). Ag Leader s Hydraulic Down Force system adjusts pressure instantly in changing soil types without the inconsistency created by pneumatic systems that respond over a longer period of time (and land). It could take an air bag system up to 20 seconds to inflate enough to create the proper down force, compared to one second with Ag Leader s Hydraulic Down Force System. This study evaluates manual pneumatic down force with Kinze airbags (Photo 3) in comparison to Ag Leader hydraulic down force (Photo 4) settings both ranging from manual lb. as well as Minimum, Light, Medium, Heavy, and Maximum variable rate settings. Manual pnuematic settings of 125 lb./row are used as the control in this study. The planter used in this study is a Kinze row planter. Down Force Pressure Setting Bushels Gross^ Return $/A. KINZE PNEUMATIC 0 lb. Manual $ $ lb. Manual (Control) $ lb. Manual $ $ lb. Manual $ $52.29 AVERAGE $ $14.94 AG LEADER HYDRAULIC Minimum $ $43.16 Light $ $ lb. Manual (Control) $ Medium $ $34.86 Heavy $ $42.75 Maximum $ $38.60 AVERAGE $ $13.61 * corrected to 15% moisture. ^Gross return is x $4.15/Bu. $/A. difference is difference x $4.15/Bu. 15 Kinze Pneumatic Down Force 15 Ag Leader Hydraulic Down Force Yield / Acre lb. Manual 250 lb. Manual 375 lb. Manual Yield / Acre Minimum Light Medium Heavy Maximum Figure 1. Figure 2.

down force settings were at some of the highest levels. The optimum Kinze pneumatic down force setting was achevied at 375 lb.

This particular plot at the Central Illinois PFR Center was planted during dry conditions that needed higher amounts of down force to maintain proper

177 Rainfall in Inches Central Illinois PFR BECK S Ag Leader Down Force Study - Continued In this particular study, both down force platforms achieved the highest yields when down force settings were at some of the highest levels. The optimum Kinze pneumatic down force setting was achevied at 375 lb./row, while the Ag Leader hydraulic down force was optimized at the Heavy setting. This particular plot at the Central Illinois PFR Center was planted during dry conditions that needed higher amounts of down force to maintain proper planting depth. Figures 1 and 2 illustrate the yield differences of the pneumatic and hydraulic settings in comparison to a standard 125 lb. manual pneumatic setting. This setting is used as a control to simulate what a grower might use without any on-the-go platforms or changing the down force settings as field conditions change. This trial is just one of two studies that focus on planter down force settings and ways to control down force on-the-go. Please refer to the Table of Contents for more information on planter down force trials at the Central Illinois PFR Center. Photo 1. Photo 2. Photos provided by Ag Leader Technology Photo 3. Kinze Pneumatic Photo 4. Ag Leader Hydraulic 177

Verdict, 2 oz. Zidua ROWS: Eight 30" Rows Post: 1 qt.

178 Central Illinois PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Tillage Rotation Study Corn After Soybeans PLANTED: May 20, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: October 25, 2014 TILLAGE: Various POPULATION: 34,500 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 8 oz. Verdict, 2 oz. Zidua ROWS: Eight 30" Rows Post: 1 qt. Durango REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 5385A3 To evaluate no-till, strip-till, vertical-till, and conventional-till methods in first year corn situations. Conventional-till consists of a disk chisel plow in the fall followed by a vertical-till pass in the spring. Fall strip-till was completed with a Soil Warrior X zone-till machine. Vertical-till uses a Kuhn Krause Excelerator in the fall and spring, while no-till consists of a planter equipped with no-till coulters and residue cleaners. Tillage Bushels Tillage Program Cost Net^ Return Return on Investment Conventional-Till $31.00 $ Strip-Till $43.13 $ $14.62 Vertical-Till $41.13 $ $18.43 No-Till $26.13 $ $13.17 AVERAGE $ $6.63 corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. Cost for tillage and planting were taken from the results of the 2012 University of Illinois Machinery Cost Estimates: Field Operations Guide. Excelerator is a registered trademark of the Kuhn Krause Corporation. No-till, vertical till, and strip till extra herbicide cost $11.13/A Corn After Soybeans Tillage Systems Average Net Return/A. $ $ $ $ $ $ Control -$7.84 -$ $22.23 Conventional-Till No-till Strip-till Vertical-Till Figure 1. In first year corn rotations (CAB), all tillage programs averaged and, this year, there was only a 4 spread from top to bottom. No-till took the crown this year with a yield of and a return on investment of $13.17/A. The other tillage treatments yielded within 3.8 of the no-till treatment, but, after tillage cost, returns on investment suffered substantially. We have been conducting this study at Central Illinois PFR since Figure 1 illustrates the difference in net return in no-till, vertical-till, and strip-till compared to the control of the conventional-till system for the six-year period. Over this time period, conventional tillage has offered the highest returns, followed by strip-till, vertical-till, and no-till. Common with some no-till environments, it can take time to create a successful no-till corn rotation and it will be interesting to see if no-till can continue this trend in the years to come. 178

HERBICIDE: Pre: 8 oz. Verdict, 2 oz. Zidua ROWS: Eight 30" Rows Post: 1 qt.

179 Rainfall in Inches Central Illinois PFR BECK S Tillage Rotation Study Continuous Corn PLANTED: May 20, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 22, 2014 TILLAGE: Various POPULATION: 34,500 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 8 oz. Verdict, 2 oz. Zidua ROWS: Eight 30" Rows Post: 1 qt. Durango REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 5385A3 To evaluate no-till, strip-till, vertical-till and conventional-till methods in continuous corn situations. Conventional-till consists of a disk chisel plow in the fall followed by a vertical-till pass in the spring. Fall strip-till was completed with a Soil Warrior X zone-till machine. Vertical-till is a Kuhn Krause Excelerator in the fall and spring, while no-till consists of a planter equipped with no-till coulters and residue cleaners. Tillage Bushels Tillage Program Cost Net^ Return Return on Investment Conventional-Till (control) $31.00 $ Strip-Till $43.13 $ $27.90 Vertical-Till $41.13 $ $46.24 No-Till $26.13 $ $45.76 AVERAGE $ $39.97 corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. Cost for tillage and planting were taken from the results of the 2012 University of Illinois Machinery Cost Estimates: Field Operations Guide. Excelerator is a registered trademark of the Krause Corporation. The no-till, vertical till, and strip till extra herbicide cost $11.13/A Continuous Corn Tillage Systems Control Average Net Return/A. $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $63.91/A. -$72.86/A. -$150.34/A. Conventional CAC Vertical-Till CAC Strip-till CAC No-till CAC Figure 1. In continuous corn rotations (CAC), all tillage programs averaged This is a difference of -6.6 compared to first year corn rotations within this same study. Conventional-till offered the highest yields at As the amount of tillage decreased, so did yields: strip-till was -3.8, vertical-till was -8.7, and no-till was We have been conducting this study the past six years at Central Illinois PFR. Figure 1 illustrates the difference in net return in no-till, vertical-till, and strip-till compared to the control of the conventional-till system. In continuous corn rotations (CAC), the advantages for conventional-till systems has been much more significant. Vertical-till and strip-till returned losses of -$63.91/A. and -$72.86/A., respectively, while no-till netted a reduction of -$150.34/A. over the six-year time frame. These net return differences indicate conventional-till has been warranted for CAC rotations at Central Illinois PFR, due to higher carbon loads compared to a corn after soybean rotation. 179

HERBICIDE: Pre: ROWS: Eight 30" Rows Post: 8 oz. Verdict, 2 oz. Zidua 1 qt.

180 Central Illinois PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Moldboard Plow Study Continuous Corn PLANTED: May 21, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: September 29, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Varied, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 34,500 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: ROWS: Eight 30" Rows Post: 8 oz. Verdict, 2 oz. Zidua 1 qt. Durango REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 5509A3 Back by popular demand, we have continued our testing with the moldboard plow. Our goal at Central Illinois PFR is to determine if there are any advantages to adding moldboard plowing into a corn after corn rotation. Two tillage treatments were evaluated in this study: fall moldboard plow followed by a pass with vertical-tillage in the spring, and fall chisel plow followed by vertical-tillage in the spring. Treatment Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment Moldboard Plow $ $39.90 Chisel Plow $ corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost. $31.00/A. Moldboard plow and $16.00/A. Chisel plow This was our second year conducting this moldboard plow study data shows a -6.0 yield disadvantage for the moldboard plow treatment in comparison to a chisel plow tillage program. Just a year ago, moldboard plowing offered a yield gain of 10.7, and we thought this aggressive tillage might be beneficial in a continuous corn rotation due to high residue and carbon loads. Moldboard plowing has the ability to turn soil over, burying residue and eliminating high amounts of carbon loads in the top 12 in. of the soil profile, but it also has some clear disadvantages like erosion concerns and devastating soil movement. With only two years of collected data, it is hard to make any sound conclusions. We will continue to incorporate various forms of tillage programs, including moldboard plowing, in our testing program in the years ahead. Photo 1. Photo

181 Rainfall in Inches Central Illinois PFR BECK S SoilWarrior X Study PLANTED: May 20, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: October 25, 2014 TILLAGE: Various POPULATION: 34,500 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: ROWS: Four 30" Rows Post: 8 oz. Verdict, 2 oz. Zidua 1 qt. Durango REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 5385A3 To test and evaluate the SoilWarrior X zone-tillage machine provided by Environmental Tillage Systems. The SoilWarrior X uses coulters instead of shanks to perform strip-tillage action. Our program used a deep coulter in the fall and shallow coulters in the spring. With Environmental Tillage Systems zone tillage, only one third of the row width is disturbed in soil management. With a fall and/or spring pass that can incorporate fertilizer, an elevated berm is formed that creates a warmer and more moisture-correct seedbed in the spring. The surrounding residue and root systems also help make moisture more available during the growing season. Fertilizer was not incorporated into our strips so that we could only monitor the tillage aspect of this study. Photos 1-3 illustrate the SoilWarrior X in action and show the strips that were established with this equipment. Treatment Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment Fall SoilWarrior X Strip-Till (Deep Coulters) (Control) $ Spring SoilWarrior X Strip-Till (Shallow Coulters) $ $65.99 Combination Fall + Spring SoilWarrior X Strip-Till $ $82.99 corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $17.00/A. Soil Warrior usage rate. Photo 1. Photo 2. Photo 3. This was our first year testing the SoilWarrior X. Fall, deep coulter strip tillage treatments provided a yield advantage of 15.9 over the spring shallow strips. It is unclear why the spring strips perfomed15.9 lower than fall strips. To help monitor fall versus spring strip till, we have incorporated additional testing at the Central Illinois PFR facility. We look forward to evaluating the Soil Warrior X in the future. 181

182 Central Illinois PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Nitrogen Timing Study Corn After Soybeans PLANTED: April 23, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: October 1, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Vertical-Till/Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 35,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: ROWS: Eight 30" Rows Post: 8 oz. Verdict 1 qt. Durango REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 6175AMX * To evaluate various nitrogen timings in a corn after soybean rotation. Application timings consist of preplant incorporated, 2x2 at planting and various sidedress programs. This study is designed to evaluate timing efficiencies, nitrogen loss and yield. The control in this study is the 100% preplant incorporated treatment at 180 lb./a. Treatment Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment 60 gal. UAN Preplant (Control) $ gal. UAN V $ $ gal. UAN Preplant f/b 30 gal. Sidedress V $ $ gal. UAN Preplant f/b 90 lb. nitrogen Urea V $ $ gal. UAN Preplant f/b 30 gal. Sidedress UAN V10 YDrop $ $ gal. UAN Preplant f/b 10 gal. UAN 2x2 f/b 20 gal. V4 30 gal. UAN Preplant f/b 15 gal. UAN V6 f/b 15 gal. UAN V $ $ $ $ gal. UAN Preplant f/b 30 gal. Sidedress V $ $ gal. UAN V $ $33.62 AVERAGE $51.59 * corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost. $0.60/lb. nitrogen, $9.00 high clearence application cost, $0.59/lb. nitrogen urea and $4.00 application cost for urea. 182

183 Rainfall in Inches Central Illinois PFR BECK S Nitrogen Timing Study Corn After Soybeans - Continued Return on Investment ($/A.) $70.00 $60.00 $50.00 $40.00 $30.00 $20.00 $10.00 $ gal. UAN V3 30 gal. UAN Preplant f/b 30 gal. Sidedress UAN V Corn after Soybean Nitrogen Timing Study: Return 30 gal. UAN Preplant f/b 197 lb. Urea V8 30 gal. UAN Preplant f/b 30 gal. Sidedress UAN V10 YDrop 30 gal. UAN Preplant f/b 10 gal. UAN 2x2 f/b 20 gal. V4 30 gal. UAN Preplant f/b 15 gal. UAN V6 f/b 15 gal. UAN V14 30 gal. UAN Preplant f/b 30 gal. Sidedress V10 60 gal. UAN V6 60 gal. UAN Preplant (Control) Return $64.33 $63.91 $60.40 $54.50 $52.29 $46.20 $37.48 $33.62 $0.00 Figure 1. Return on Investment ($/A.) $50.00 $40.00 $30.00 $20.00 $10.00 $0.00 -$ $ $ $ gal. UAN Preplant f/b 30 gal. Sidedress UAN V10 30 gal. UAN Preplant f/b 30 gal. Sidedress UAN V4 Multi-Year Corn after Soybean Nitrogen Timing Study: Return gal. UAN Preplant f/b 10 gal. UAN 2x2 f/b 20 gal. V4 30 gal. UAN Preplant f/b 15 gal. UAN V6 f/b 15 gal. UAN V14 30 gal. UAN Preplant f/b 30 gal. Sidedress UAN V10 60 gal. UAN V3 60 gal. UAN Preplant (Control) 60 gal. UAN V6 30 gal. UAN Preplant f/b 197 lb. Urea V8 Return $37.81 $35.15 $29.72 $28.23 $27.44 $26.12 $0.00 -$ $32.05 Figure 2. In 2014, every application compared to the control (180 lb. preplant UAN) performed on average 13.3 higher yields with additional net returns of $51.59/A. 100% V3 timings took top honors in this first year corn study with 15.5 yield gains. Assumingly, with the frequent heavy rains occuring in April and May, a later V3 sidedressing bypassed any potential denitrification. Split applications at V4 with UAN, urea topdress, 360 YDrop with UAN, and V4 sidedress along with 2X2 UAN all acheived net returns of $50.00/A. over the control. Figure 1 illustrates the 2014 net returns for each treatment timing compared to the control. Figure 2 is a construction of data representing three-year ( ) nitrogen timing data at Central Illinois PFR. This data suggests that all of the split applications, with the exception of urea topdress, have proven positive net returns ranging from $ $37.00/A. compared to the control. The top two timings include a foundation program of 50% of the total nitrogen needs, followed by a V4 or V10 sidedress. The V10 sidedress is by way of our high-clearance nitrogen applicators that we have been recomending here at Central Illinois PFR to help ensure adequate season long nitrogen. Figure 2 also suggests that the 100% V6 timing, and the urea sidedress have proven negative returns over the three-year period. Urea sidedress worked very well in 2014, but we had plenty of rainfall to help activate it. However, in other years it has shown failures due to the lack of rainfall after application. The 100% V6 timing has proved to be too late of a timing and has caused yield loss. 183

184 Central Illinois PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Nitrogen Timing Study Continuous Corn PLANTED: April 25, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 1, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 35,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: ROWS: Eight 30" Rows Post: 8 oz. Verdict 1 qt. Durango REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 6175AMX * To evaluate various nitrogen timings in a corn after corn rotation. Application timings consist of preplant incorporated, 2x2 starter at planting, and various sidedress programs. This study is designed to evaluate timing efficiencies, nitrogen loss and yield. The control in this study is the 100% preplant incorporated treatment at 225 lb./a. Treatment Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment 75 gal. UAN Preplant (Control) $ gal. UAN Preplant f/b 45 gal. Sidedress UAN V $ $ gal. UAN Preplant f/b 45 gal. Sidedress UAN V $ $ gal. UAN Preplant f/b 10 gal. UAN 2x2 f/b 35 gal. V $ $ gal. UAN Preplant f/b 45 gal. Sidedress UAN V10 YDrop $ $ gal. UAN Preplant f/b 135 lb. Nitrogen Urea V $ $ gal. UAN Preplant f/b 23 gal. UAN V6 f/b 22 gal. UAN V $ $ gal. UAN V $ $ gal. UAN V $ $51.05 Average $ $20.50 * corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost. $9.00/A. highclearance sidedress application cost, $0.60/lb. nitrogen, $4.00/A. Urea application cost, $0.59/lb. of nitrogen Urea. 184

185 Rainfall in Inches Central Illinois PFR BECK S Nitrogen Timing Study Continuous Corn - Continued Return on Investment ($/A.) $80.00 $60.00 $40.00 $20.00 $0.00 -$ $ $ gal. UAN Preplant f/b 45 gal. Sidedress UAN V Continuous Corn Nitrogen Timing Study: Return 30 gal. UAN Preplant f/b 45 gal. Sidedress UAN V10 30 gal. UAN Pre-Plant f/b 10 gal. UAN 2x2 f/b 35 gal. V4 30 gal. UAN Preplant f/b 45 gal. Sidedress UAN V10 YDrop 30 gal. UAN Preplant f/b 282 lbs. Urea V8 30 gal. UAN Pre-Plant f/b 23 gal. UAN V6 f/b 22 gal. UAN V14 75 gal. UAN Pre-Plant (Control) 75 gal. UAN V3 75 gal. UAN V6 Return $57.68 $55.74 $55.19 $48.68 $25.57 $24.20 $0.00 -$ $51.05 Figure 1. $60.00 Multi-Year Continuous Corn Nitrogen Timing Study: Return Return on Investment ($/A.) $40.00 $20.00 $0.00 -$ $ $ $ gal. UAN Preplant f/b 45 gal. Sidedress UAN V10 30 gal. UAN Pre- Plant f/b 10 gal. UAN 2x2 f/b 35 gal. V4 30 gal. UAN Preplant f/b 45 gal. Sidedress UAN V4 30 gal. UAN Preplant f/b 45 gal. Sidedress UAN V10 YDrop 30 gal. UAN Pre- Plant f/b 23 gal. UAN V6 f/b 22 gal. UAN V14 75 gal. UAN Pre- Plant (Control) 75 gal. UAN V3 75 gal. UAN V6 30 gal. UAN Preplant f/b 282 lbs. Urea V8 Return $45.69 $38.36 $38.30 $31.80 $17.04 $0.00 -$ $ $67.77 Figure 2. The nitrogen applications that offered the lowest yields in this study were those that consisted of one-time applications and lower upfront foundation nitrogen. This year, application timings of 100% sidedressing was typical of past results at the Central Illinois PFR Center. By applying 100% of our nitrogen at a V3 or V6 sidedress without a foundation program, yields suffered by 7.5 and 12.3, respectively compared to the control. Corn after corn rotations suffer a carbon penalty due to heavy amounts of residue from the previous corn crop. This high carbon load can immobilize nitrogen, deny uptake, and compete with young corn plants ability to access nitrogen. Therefore, amounts of nitrogen are needed as early as possible to help offset this carbon penalty which can cause lower corn yields. Figure 1 illustrates that the four highest yielding nitrogen applications in this study proved to be split applications of nitrogen, where a foundation program was applied preplant incorporated and the last portion of nitrogen applied in either a V4 or V10 sidedress. These top four nitrogen applications varied in yield by only 2.3 Figure 2 illustrates long term nitrogen timing data from , revealing that the worst performing nitrogen applications have been dry urea sidedresss and 100% V3/V6 nitrogen applications. Both dry urea sidedress and 100% V6 sidedress provided average net losses of over $60/A. compared to the control. 100% V3 sidedress confirmed average losses of over $35/A. Figure 2 also reveals the best performing multi-year nitrogen application, a foundation program of upfront as a preplant incorporation followed by a late season V10 sidedress. This nitrogen program has enjoyed increased net returns of over $45/A. Late season V10 nitrogen applications has been a concept recommended by the Central Illinois PFR Center for a number of years now. 185

186 Central Illinois PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Nitrogen Rate Study Corn After Soybeans PLANTED: April 18, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: September 29, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 34,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 5 oz. Verdict, 2 oz. Zidua ROWS: Eight 30" Rows Post: 1 qt. Durango REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 5828AMX * This study is designed to help find the economic optimum nitrogen rate (EONR); which is the rate of nitrogen that maximizes profitability. Seven nitrogen rates ranging from lb./a. were evaluated in a corn after soybean rotation. All entries, with the exception of the 0 lb./a. control and the 100 lb./a. rate, received 30 gallons of 28% UAN preplant followed by a sidedress application of 28% UAN at the V4 growth stage to meet the total amount of nitrogen for each treatment. Pounds of Nitrogen Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment $ $1, $ $1, $ $1, $ $1, $ $1, $ $1, $ * corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $0.60/ lb. Nitrogen $ $ CILPFR CAB Economic Nitrogen Rate $ $ Net Return $ Six-Year CAB Economic Optimum Nitrogen Rate Return/Acre $ $ $ $ $ $ $ EONR $ $ Lbs. N/A. 0 lb. 100 lb. 125 lb. 150 lb. 175 lb. 200 lb. 225 lb. $ $ $ $ $ $ EONR = lb./a. $ $ $ $ Lb. N/A. $0.55/lb. N $0.60/lb. N $0.65/lb. N $ Nitrogen Rate Applied Figure 2. Figure 1. Figure 1 proves that this year s economic nitrogen rate in a corn after beans (CAB) rotation was 150 lb. of nitrogen per acre. Even though yields increased slightly at rates above 150 lb./a. of nitrogen, it did not offset the additional cost of nitrogen. Figure 2 illustrates how the 2014 nitrogen rates compare to the last six years of testing. This data would suggest that since 2009, the Economic Optimum Nitrogen Rate was 179 lb.-182 lb. of nitrogen/a., depending on the cost/lb. of nitrogen. 186

187 Rainfall in Inches Central Illinois PFR BECK S Nitrogen Rate Study Continuous Corn PLANTED: April 18, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: September 27, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 34,500 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 5 oz. Verdict, 2 oz. Zidua ROWS: Eight 30" Rows Post: 1 qt. Durango REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 5828AMX * This study is designed to help find the economic optimum nitrogen rate (EONR); which is the rate of nitrogen that maximizes profitability. Seven nitrogen rates ranging from lb./a. were evaluated in a continuous corn rotation. All entries, with the exception of the 0 lb./a. control and the 125 lb./a rate, received 30 gallons of 28% UAN preplant followed by a sidedress application of 28% UAN at the V4 growth stage to meet the total amount of nitrogen for each treatment. Pounds of Nitrogen Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment $ $ $ $ $ $1, $ $1, $ $1, $ $ $ * corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $0.60/ lb. Nitrogen $ Continuous Corn Economic Optimum Nitrogen Rate Six-Year Continuous Corn Economic Optimum Nitrogen Rate $ EONR = lb./a. Net Return ($/A.) $ $ $ EONR 0 lb. 125 lb. 150 lb. 175 lb. 200 lb. 225 lb. 250 lb. Net Return ($/A.) $ $ $ $ $0.55/lb. N $0.60/lb. N $0.65/lb. N $ Nitrogen Rate $ Nitrogen Rate (lb./a.) Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 1 reveals that the 2014 Economic Nitrogen Rate in a continuous corn rotation was established at the 200 lb./a. nitrogen rate. As nitrogen rates were increased over 200 lb., net returns were not able to be driven higher. Highest actual yields were recorded at the 225 lb. rate, but yield failed to increase enough to offset the additional nitrogen cost. Figure 2 illustrates how the 2014 nitrogen rates compare to the last six years of testing. This data would suggest that, since 2009, the Economic Optimum Nitrogen Rate was 213 lb. to 215 lb. of nitrogen/a., depending on the cost/lb. of nitrogen. 187

188 Central Illinois PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Nitrogen Stabilizer Study PLANTED: April 18, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: September 26, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 34,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: ROWS: Eight 30" Rows Post: 8 oz. Verdict, 2 oz. Zidua 1 qt. Durango REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 5475AMX * Each year many corn growers apply UAN liquid nitrogen in the spring as a part of their nitrogen program. This nitrogen stabilizer study evaluates six products that have the ability to reduce nitrogen losses that can occur from lack of incorporation, dry weather, or high velocity winds. All nitrogen enhancement products along with 180 lb. of nitrogen were surface applied pre-emerge. Nutrisphere-N prevents and reduces volatilization and denitrification of liquid nitrogen fertilizers. NutriSphere-N controls urease, keeping it from robbing nitrogen or yield potential. NutriSphere-N protects nitrogen in its ammonium state before it gets converted, giving a greater return on your nitrogen fertilizer investment. Agrotain Plus blocks the activity of the naturally occurring enzyme called urease, protecting against volatility losses. Agrotain Plus is a stabilizing agent which keeps nitrogen in the ammonium form for a longer period of time and reduces volatilization, denitrification, and leaching losses. Instinct is a nitrogen stabilizer that contains the active ingredient nitripyrin, the same ingredient known in N-Serve. Instinct is a nitrogen stabilizer for liquid UAN solutions and works to ensure that nitrogen is stablilized in the ammonium form, which is less susceptible to losses from leaching and denitrification. Instinct keeps the soil-dwelling Nitrosomonas bacteria inactive, as this bacterium will attack nitrogen and convert it to nitrates which are then prone to losses. Instinct does not protect against volatilization losses. FunctioN is a UAN additive that protects nitrogen from below ground losses. FunctioN is a denitrification inhibitor that puts microbes in a state of stasis (inhibition of microbial activity by means other than killing), slowing the conversion of ammonium to nitrate. By keeping the applied nitrogen in a form that is bound to the soil, Function reduces the movement of nitrogen below the root zone. Function allows the applied nitrogen to be used more efficiently by the plant and also reduces the potential environmental issues concerning nitrogen. Factor is a urease inhibitor for UAN and Urea and delays the hydrolysis of urea which is catalyzed by urease. Factor only offers volatilization protection. Limus is a new experimental stabilizer from BASF that combines the efficacy of two active ingredients from BASF into a patented formulation that helps reduce nitrogen losses occurring through volatilization. Treatment Test Weight Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment Control $ oz. Limus N/A N/A 1.5 qt./ton Factor $ $ qt./ton Factor + 1 qt. FunctioN $ $ oz. Instinct $ $ qt. FunctioN $ $ lb. Agrotain Plus $ $ oz. Nutrisphere-N $ $0.01 AVERAGE $26.58 * and test weight corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $65.00/gal Nutrisphere-N, $5.00/lb. Agrotain Plus, $37.00/gal. Instinct, $96.00/gal. Factor, $37.00/gal. FunctioN and No Price (experimental) Limus. 188

00) Nutrisphere-N Agrotain Plus Factor Instinct Instinct / Factor Function Net Return on Investment $40.00 $30.00 $20.00 $10.00 Limus $- $20.16 $32.

Yield / Acre 3 Year Nitrogen Stabilizer Yield Response 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2012-2014 2012 2013 2014 Nutrisphere-N 13.9 3.4 4.7 Agrotain Plus 13.5 6.8 9.5 Factor 7.6 6.4 12.7 Instinct / Factor 13 9.

These higher yields contributed to an average positive return on investment of $26.58/A.

189 Rainfall in Inches Central Illinois PFR BECK S Nitrogen Stabilizer Study - Continued 2014 Nitrogen Stabilizer Net Return 5 Year Nitrogen Stabilizer Net Return Net Return $50.00 $40.00 $30.00 $20.00 $10.00 $- $(10.00) Nutrisphere-N Agrotain Plus Factor Instinct Instinct / Factor Function Net Return on Investment $40.00 $30.00 $20.00 $10.00 Limus $- $20.16 $ , Becks CIL PFR Center Agrotain Plus +$12.31/A. Nutrisphere-N Agrotain Plus Figure 1. Figure 2. Yield / Acre 3 Year Nitrogen Stabilizer Yield Response Nutrisphere-N Agrotain Plus Factor Instinct / Factor Instinct Figure 3. In 2014, every nitrogen stabilizer tested in this study achieved average higher yields of 10.2 Bu./A compared to the unstabilized control. These higher yields contributed to an average positive return on investment of $26.58/A. These yield responses are primarily due to frequent/heavy rainfall events throughout the growing season, especially early in April, May, and June. Figure 1 illustrates the net returns of all seven stabilizer treatments that were evaluated at the Central Illinois PFR Center. Limus proved the highest yield response with a yield advantage of 14.2, while Factor and Function/Factor combinations contributed to 12.8 and 12.7 Bu./A yield increases respectively. All other nitrogen stabilizers realized yield increases of less than 10, but all did have positive returns on investment. Figure 2 reveals long term multi-year data researching Agrotain Plus and Nutrisphere-N, two stabilizer products that we originally started testing back in Both products have performed excellently with average net returns of +$20.16/A. to /A, but Agrotain Plus has shown consistently higher returns of $12.31/A. over the Nutrisphere-N product. Depending on how growers apply nitrogen, nitrogen stabilizers can be an effective way to help protect nitrogen losses throughout the growing season. Growers should be sure to understand how each nitrogen stabilizer controls nitrogen losses, whether it be through volitilization, leaching, or denitrification. 189

HERBICIDE: Pre: 5 oz. Verdict ROWS: Sixteen 30" Rows Post: 1 qt.

190 Central Illinois PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Limus Nitrogen Stabilizer Study PLANTED: May 10, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: November 10, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 35,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 5 oz. Verdict ROWS: Sixteen 30" Rows Post: 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 6948A3 This first year study evaluates Limus, a new nitrogen stabilizer manufactured by BASF. Limus nitrogen management can be blended with urea and UAN fertilizers to protect against volatilization and nitrogen loss, providing more than three weeks of protection. The patented formulation behind Limus nitrogen management combines two active ingredients that are more effective than a single inhibitor on urease enzymes found in soil, resulting in decreased nitrogen loss. Urease is a naturally occurring enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea to unstable carbamic acid. When decomposition of carbamic acid occurs, it forms gaseous ammonia and carbon dioxide. The ammonia will likely escape to the atmosphere unless it reacts with water to form ammonium. The amount of ammonia volatilization depends on several factors, including temperature, ph, and soil moisture. Additionally, the amount of surface residue and time between urea application and rainfall are important factors. Photo 1. Limus YDrop In general, volatilization will be lower when urea-based fertilizers are applied during higher moisture and lower temperatures. However, dry soils with higher temperatures increase the chances of ammonia volatilization. Urea-based fertilizers require a rain event so that hydrolyzation will occur below the soil surface to decrease risk of atmospheric losses. Limus will be applied at the V10 growth stage in two specific formats. Both nitrogen applications are surface-applied and are at risk for volatilization losses: 1. Dry urea broadcast spread 2. 32% UAN applied via YDrops (Photo 1) Treatment Bushels Gross^ Return $/A. 163 lb. V $ lb. Limus-Treated V $ $ gal. 32% V $ gal. Limus-Treated 32% V $ $17.85 corrected to 15% moisture. ^Gross return is x $4.15/Bu. $/A. difference is difference x $4.15/Bu. No cost for Limus available at time of printing. Limus-stabilized urea provided yield gains of 3.8, with additional gross revenue of $15.77/A. UAN 32% offered yield gains as well of 4.3 with improved gross revenue of $17.85/A. 2 inches of rainfall occurred at this trial site within two days of application. Even with this rainfall event that assisted with hydrolysis, yield gains were still associated with applications of Limus nitrogen stabilizer. With surface-based nitrogen applications, it is imperative that growers consider volatilization control products such as Limus. Without rainfall to incorporate the nitrogen into soil solution, applied nitrogen is subject to losses. With these type of nitrogen applications, stabilizers appear to be a safe investment to consider. Limus advantages are only calculated as gross revenue. Being a new product for 2015, pricing information was not available at presstime of this publication. Grower s will need to compare the cost of Limus to the gross advantages above for a true net economic picture of Limus nitrogen management. 190 Visit our website at to view more.

35,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: ROWS: Eight 30" Rows Post: 8 oz. Verdict 1 qt.

corn. Factor, is used in this study as a nitrogen stabilizer. Factor offers volatilization protection and can last up to 14 days.

191 Rainfall in Inches Central Illinois PFR BECK S Factor Urea Stabilizer Study PLANTED: April 28, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: October 19, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 35,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: ROWS: Eight 30" Rows Post: 8 oz. Verdict 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 6175AMXT * To evaluate the yield effects of adding a nitrogen stabilizer to dry urea when used to topdress corn. Factor, is used in this study as a nitrogen stabilizer. Factor offers volatilization protection and can last up to 14 days. Factor is applied as a liquid form to dry urea mixed via a fertilizer blender. Dry urea was topdressed to corn at the V10 growth stage at 163 lb./a. with a Miller Condor dry spinner truck (Photo 1). 30 gallons of 32% liquid UAN was also applied as a part of a Weed-N-Feed program preplant incorporated, which totaled 180 lb. of nitrogen applied. Treatment Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment 163 lb. V $1, lb. Urea qt./t V $1, $6.90 * corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost. $6.38/A. Factor Factor Volatilization Performance Yield Gain/A Dry Weather V10 Urea Treatments Wet Weather Figure 1. Photo 1. Urea application equipment in the field In general, 2014 topdress urea applications worked very well due to frequent and timely rainfall immediately after topdressing. With dry urea being placed on the soil surface, rainfall needs to occur to incorporate the nitrogen product into the soil profile in order to reduce the risk of volatilization, and that is exactly what we received this year in our testing program. Factor protected urea offered yield gains of 3.2 with a positive return on investment of $6.90/A. compared to unstabilized urea. It is interesting to see the clear difference between this year s performance compared to a year ago, in 2013, under dry conditions. Figure 1 illustrates the drastic advantage of volatilization protection in 2013 when rainfall was limited after application. As growers apply urea as a topdress on top of the soil surface, Factor, as a volatility agent, could be a sound agronomic and economic decision. 191

192 Central Illinois PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S N-Serve Study PLANTED: May 10, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 1, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 34,500 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: ROWS: Eight 30" Rows Post: 8 oz. Verdict, 2 oz. Zidua 1 qt. Durango REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 5475AMXT * This study evaluates the use of fall-applied anhydrous ammonia with and without N-Serve. N-Serve contains the active ingredient nitrapyrin. Because of the economic value of applied nitrogen, it s in our best interest to manage our nitrogen investment for the best possible return. The key to effective nitrogen management is to keep applied nitrogen in the ammonium form. N-Serve nitrogen stabilizer converts regular, unstabilized, applied nitrogen to stabilized nitrogen. Stabilized nitrogen is premium nitrogen fertilizer because it enhances crop performance and provides the best overall return on investment per pound of nitrogen applied. Stabilizing your nitrogen investment promotes crop profitability and responsible stewardship of the environment. An oil-soluble product, N-Serve may be used with anhydrous ammonia, dry ammonium and urea fertilizers. Treatment Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment Control $ qt. N-Serve $ $30.17 * corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $42.00/gal. N-Serve N-Serve Data Advantage Control N-Serve Treatment Figure 1. For the 2014 growing season, N-Serve applications offered a 9.8 yield increase over the stand-alone NH 3 treatments. This yield benefit equated to a $30.17/A. return on investment. Figure 1 illustrates four year data suggesting an average yield increase of 10.0, which would equate to an average return on investment of $41.50/A. at today s prices. This N-Serve study evaluates the use of 100% of nitrogen applied in a fall application. In these high rate fall nitrogen scenarios, N-Serve has proven to be a sound agronomic investment over the past four years at the Central Illinois PFR Center. 192

193 Rainfall in Inches Central Illinois PFR BECK S Nitrogen Sealer Study PLANTED: May 1, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: October 17, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 34,500 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: ROWS: Eight 30" Rows Post: 8 oz. Verdict, 2 oz. Zidua 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 5131AM * This study evaluates the use of equipment to help safeguard nitrogen applied in sidedress applications. A double rolling coulter system (Photo 1) was attached as an after-market attachment to a nitrogen toolbar on a Hagie high-clearance applicator. These double rolling coulters act as sealer units to help cover applied nitrogen with soil, which, in turn, protects against nitrogen volatilization. If liquid nitrogen applied as a sidedress is left exposed and not incorporated into the soil, the risk of losing nitrogen from volatilization increases significantly. Treatment Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment Control $1, Nitrogen Sealers $1, $10.38 * corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable Nitrogen Sealer Return on Investment $14 $12 $ Avg.Yield Gain Watch Jason Webster, Central Illinois PFR Director, explain more about nitrogen sealers in action at Retun/A. $8 $6 $4 $2 $0 $11.40/A. Two-Year Avg. Return Nitrogen Sealer Application Date Figure The double rolling coulter system worked excellent in the field, sealing liquid 32% nitrogen while sidedressing. The coulters rolled soil on top of the fertilizer trench and covered the nitrogen product, protecting it from volatilization. After harvesting this trial, we found a 2.5 yield increase for the nitrogen sealers, which equated to $10.38/A. higher returns. Figure 1 illustrates net return averages of $11.40/A. over the 2013 and 2014 growing season. Nitrogen Sealing Systems from Catlin, IL manufactures these sealers and reports the cost of these units to be $250/row on average. With that in mind, a grower with a 40 ft. nitrogen tool bar would have an initial investment of $4,000. If 2.5 yield gains could be sustained annually, only 377 sidedress acres would be needed to break-even on the investment. We look forward to continuing this agronomic trial in the future. 193

194 Central Illinois PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S BioRed Study PLANTED: May 6, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: October 1, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 34,500 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: ROWS: Eight 30" Rows Post: 5 oz. Verdict, 2 oz. Zidua 1 qt. Durango REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: Phoenix 5552EZ ** To evaluate BioRed from Biovante LLC, which is a 100% organic bacteria product containing a wide variety of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms, including those that are nitrogen-fixing. BioRed naturally produces plant growth activators within the soil such as auxins, indoleacetic acid, and gibberellins (gibberellic acid). Gibberellic acid supports the functions of growth and maturity in plants. Since BioRed contains both organic matter and microorganisms, it develops its own compost containing humates, producing a healthier, more fertile soil. BioRed microbes convert atmospheric nitrogen to a usable form for the crop and metabolizes enzymes organically, assuring an on-demand supply of nitrogen for the plant. Biovante promotes that, with the use of BioRed, commercial nitrogen rates can be reduced by up to 50-75% and still maintain yields within 3% of normal nitrogen fertility programs. The best results have occurred when BioRed is applied early with pre-emerge herbicide or incorporated at planting. All BioRed applications in this study were preplant situations. Treatment 100% Nitrogen (Control) 100% Nitrogen + 1 qt. BioRed Pounds of Nitrogen Diff. BioRed Cost Cost of Nitrogen Net^ Return Overall ROI BioRed ROI Yield Loss from Reduced N BioRed Yield Adv $ $ $23.50 $ $ $ $ % Nitrogen $81.00 $ $ % Nitrogen + 1 qt. BioRed $23.50 $81.00 $ $ $ % Nitrogen $54.00 $ $ % Nitrogen + 1 qt. BioRed $23.50 $54.00 $ $ $ AVERAGE $23.50 $ $ ** Phoenix brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. Phoenix is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost. $23.50/A. BioRed and $0.60/lb. UAN. ROI $ $80.00 $60.00 $40.00 $20.00 $- $(20.00) Multi-Year BioRed Net Return % Nitrogen + 75% Nitrogen + 1 qt. BioRed 1 qt. BioRed BioRed $(4.94) $20.23 $ % Nitrogen + 1 qt. BioRed 194 Figure 1.

Rainfall in Inches 2.51 2.65 6.14 6.69 3.71 21.70 Central Illinois PFR BECK S BioRed Study - Continued 2011-2014 BioRed Yields of Various Nitrogen Rates Benefit of BioRed 220.0 210.0 200.0 190.0 180.

5 Figure 2. 2014 BioRed treatments, in general, showed average yield increases of 11.4 Bu./A between the 100%, 75%, and 50% nitrogen programs, with a return on investment of $25.47-$34.23/A.

195 Rainfall in Inches Central Illinois PFR BECK S BioRed Study - Continued BioRed Yields of Various Nitrogen Rates Benefit of BioRed % Nitrogen (Control) 100% Nitrogen + 1 qt. BioRed 75% Nitrogen 75% Nitrogen + 1 qt. BioRed 50% Nitrogen 50% Nitrogen + 1 qt. BioRed BioRed Figure BioRed treatments, in general, showed average yield increases of 11.4 Bu./A between the 100%, 75%, and 50% nitrogen programs, with a return on investment of $25.47-$34.23/A. The real story in this CAB study is evaluating overall net returns of lower nitrogen rates with the addition of BioRed compared to the overall net return of the 100% nitrogen program without BioRed. In 2014, both the 75% and 50% nitrogen rates with BioRed claimed higher net returns of $25.91 and $34.23 respectively. In fact, due to lower nitrogen cost, the 50% nitrogen rate with BioRed achieved the highest overall net return in this study. ROI -$0.00 -$ $ $ $ $ $ $ BioRed Return on Investment vs. 100% Nitrogen Rate 100% Nitrogen + 1 qt. BioRed 75% Nitrogen 75% Nitrogen + 1 qt. BioRed 50% Nitrogen 50% Nitrogen + 1 qt. BioRed BioRed -$4.94 -$ $ $ $44.03 Figure 3. Multi-year data also shows yield advantages from BioRed applications. Figure 1 illustrates that BioRed treatments from at reduced nitrogen rates have in fact showed excellent net returns of $20.23-$76.97/A. when comparing the same 75% and 50% nitrogen programs without BioRed. This data would suggest that BioRed is assisting with higher yields where nitrogen deficiences are a concern. Figure 2 shows the actual yields of each nitrogen program with and without BioRed from the same time period. Figure 3 depicts the most revealing information: overall net returns of all nitrogen programs with BioRed compared to our 100% nitrogen rate without BioRed. This data tells us that every treatment in this study showed net losses ranging from $4.94-$ and more importantly, BioRed treatments with net losses of $4.94-$ More research needs to be done to fully understand how a product like BioRed works and how it could be implemented into a grower s nitrogen program. It does appear that when nitrogen is limited in supply, BioRed could be a feasible way of protecting against yield losses. Being a good steward of the land has great importance and we are in favor of reducing nitrogen rates if it can be done without sacrificing net returns. In order for the BioRed program to be successful, producers must understand the nitrogen cycle, their current nitrogen program, and must be avid crop scouts during the growing season. By instilling a program of reduced nitrogen rates, growers may need to prepare for an additional late season nitrogen application if nitrogen deficiencies occur. 195

196 Central Illinois PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S V5 Corn Cover Crop Study PLANTED: June 13, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: October 25, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 34,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: ROWS: Four 30" Rows Post: 5 oz. Verdict, 2 oz. Zidua 1 qt. Durango INSECTICIDE: Escalate To evaluate the application of inter-seeded cover crops into V5 growth stage corn. This study is a brand new agronomic trial at Central Illinois PFR due to the popularity of cover crop seedings in Beck s marketing area. In the past, studies have been conducted to evaluate post-tassel and post-harvest cover crop seedings, but this study will analyze if a cover crop can get established and maintain growth into a full canopy of corn at V5 growth stage. Our past studies have concluded that the growing season can sometimes be too short to obtain proper growth and establishment of cover crops. Three different cover crops will be evaluated: Beck s Corn Champion Mix: A mix of 15% Groundbuilder Radish, 82% Crimson Clover, and 3% Turnips (Photo 1). Beck s Bean Builder Mix: A mix of 17% Groundbuilder Radish, 80% Annual Ryegrass, and 3% Turnips (Photo 2). Beck s GroundBuilder Radish: 100% deep rooting radishes (Photo 3). Questions that we want to answer in this study include shading effects after germination, competition for water and/or nitrogen with existing corn crop, and how large the cover crop could get by corn harvest if it is successful in getting established. Treatment Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment BECK 6077AM-R * Control $ lb. Beck s Corn Champion V $ $ lb. Beck s Bean Builder V $ $ lb. Beck s Groundbuilder V $ $52.84 AVERAGE $45.88 BECK 6733HXR * Control $ lb. Beck s Corn Champion V $ $ lb. Beck s Bean Builder V $ $ lb. Beck s Groundbuilder V $ $79.81 AVERAGE $68.15 COVER CROP SUMMARY Control $ lb. Beck s Corn Champion V $ $ lb. Beck s Bean Builder V $ $ lb. Beck s Groundbuilder V $ $66.33 * corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $2.00/lb. Corn Champion Mix, $1.30/lb. Bean Builder Mix, $2.60/lb. Groundbuilder Radish. No application cost included. Glyphosate herbicide was applied at V4 to control weeds, but residual compounds were not used in this study to eliminate any concerns of herbicide injury to cover crops. 196

Rainfall in Inches 2.51 2.65 6.14 6.69 3.71 21.70 Central Illinois PFR BECK S V5 Corn Cover Crop Study - Continued V5 cover crop inter-seeding caused mixed results in this year s study.

Corn Champion Mix grew very well on the outside edges of the plot where more sunlight could get inside the crop canopy.

The Bean Builder Mix and Groundbuilder Radish each had similar responses in that each cover crop caused yield losses of -14.7 and -13.8, respectively.

197 Rainfall in Inches Central Illinois PFR BECK S V5 Corn Cover Crop Study - Continued V5 cover crop inter-seeding caused mixed results in this year s study. Seedings of Corn Champion Mix provided yield gains of 1.8 Bu./A, but had great difficulty growing with the absence of light underneath the corn canopy. Corn Champion Mix grew very well on the outside edges of the plot where more sunlight could get inside the crop canopy. Photo 3 illustrates a great example of how the cover crop grew well on the edges, but experienced a lack of growth once the sunlight diminished in the canopy. The Bean Builder Mix and Groundbuilder Radish each had similar responses in that each cover crop caused yield losses of and -13.8, respectively. Photos 1 and 2 illustrate the large plants that established and took hold within the canopy, causing a competition-type effect between the corn crop and the cover crop. Groundbuilder Radish did experience some reduced growth due to a lack of sunshine, but where they did take off, a large taproot was established. The annual ryegrass in the Bean Builder Mix was able to emerge, but experienced somewhat of a dormancy period until senescence of the corn crop, which allowed the cover crop to obtain higher amounts of light to grow in height. With only one year of data, a conclusion is unclear at this time. However, 2014 corn yield data indicates that the lack of establishment of the Corn Champion Mix was actually beneficial for corn yield in that a cover crop could not compete with the actively growing corn crop. As the Groundbuilder Radish and Bean Mix got established, they actually competed against the corn crop and caused corn yield losses. We look forward to conducting this study in the future and hopefully finding more optimistic findings or ways to achieve a longer growing season for cover crops. Photo 1. Beck s Corn Champion Mix Photo 2. Beck s Bean Builder Mix Photo 3. Beck s GroundBuilder Radish 197

with a Gandy dry box with boom hosing for below canopy broadcast interseeding of cover crops (Photos 1-2).

In the past if we waited until after harvest to seed (drill or vertical till) cover crops, the growing season is too short and getting proper growth and establishment has been difficult.

As the crops matured and were harvested, the cover crop was already established and thriving (Photo 4.

198 Central Illinois PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Cover Crop Interseeding Study In an effort to expand our cover crop testing at the Central Illinois PFR Center, we are evaluating the use of a Hagie high-clearance sprayer equipped with a Gandy dry box with boom hosing for below canopy broadcast interseeding of cover crops (Photos 1-2). One of the current problems with cover crops is the ability to seed them in time to have a long enough growing season in order for the cover crops to get established. In the past if we waited until after harvest to seed (drill or vertical till) cover crops, the growing season is too short and getting proper growth and establishment has been difficult. In 2014 we interseeded different mixes of cover crops into both corn and soybeans with the Hagie interseeder on August 26. As the crops matured and were harvested, the cover crop was already established and thriving (Photo 4.) There are many soil and plant health benefits that can be attributed to utilizing cover crops such as reduced erosion, increased nutrient sequestration, minimized soil compaction, and increased nitrogen production for future crop use. If we can get cover crops planted and established with the ability to take advantage of a longer growing season, more of these benefits could be realized. At Central Illinois PFR, our interseeding research began last fall (2013) and cover crop planting dates were very late. By the time we had equipment field ready, we were three weeks late seeding the cover crops. Corn interseedings were made after the R6 growth stage (black layer) and soybeans were near the R8 growth stage (two weeks before harvest). To make matters worse, the lack of rainfall caused slow cover crop germination as well. In summary, we did not give fall cover crop interseeding the best opportunity for success due to the fact that we could not obtain proper growth and development of the cover crop. Tables 1 and 2 illustrate yield results from interseeding the cover crops from the fall of Table 1 reveals that both the Oats/Radish and Corn Champion cover crop mixes did in fact offer corn yield gains of , but after seed cost proved negative returns of -$15.92 to -$ Table 2 shows similar results with Beck s Soybean Mix gaining 1.9 soybean yield increase, but again proved net economic losses of -$9.92/A. Photo 1. Side view of Hagie Interseeder Photo 2. Front view of 60 ft. Hagie Interseeder Photo 3. Interseeding into soybeans Photo 4. Oats/Groundbuilder Radish mix pre-harvest 198

Rainfall in Inches 2.51 2.65 6.14 6.69 3.71 21.70 Central Illinois PFR BECK S Cover Crop Interseeding Study - Continued Photo 5.

Beck s Bean Builder Mix post-harvest View more about cover crop interseeding at www.beckshybrids.

(Photo 6) A mix of 17% Groundbuilder Radish, 80% Annual Ryegrass and 3% Turnips (Photo 8) 100% deep rooting radishes (Photo 5) Table 1.

Corn Champion Mix Interseeded Fall 2013 18.9 231.4 +3.8 $919.48 -$24.23 Control 18.9 228.4 --- $948.00 --- 40 lb.

199 Rainfall in Inches Central Illinois PFR BECK S Cover Crop Interseeding Study - Continued Photo 5. Oats/Groundbuilder Radish mix pre-harvest Photo 6. Beck s Corn Champion Mix post-harvest Photo 7. Oats/Groundbuilder Radish mix post-harvest Photo 8. Beck s Bean Builder Mix post-harvest View more about cover crop interseeding at Beck s Corn Champion Mix Beck s Bean Builder Mix Beck s Groundbuilder Radish A mix of 15% Groundbuilder Radish, 82% Crimson Clover and 3% Turnips (Photo 6) A mix of 17% Groundbuilder Radish, 80% Annual Ryegrass and 3% Turnips (Photo 8) 100% deep rooting radishes (Photo 5) Table 1. Corn Interseeding Yield Data Brand & Treatment Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment BECK 5828AMX * Control $ lb. Corn Champion Mix Interseeded Fall $ $24.23 Control $ lb. Oat/Groundbuilder Radish Mix Interseeded Fall $ $15.92 * corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $40.00/A. Corn Champion Mix and $24.08/A. Oat/Radish Mix. 199

Central Illinois PFR Rainfall in Inches 2.51 2.65 6.14 6.69 3.71 21.70 BECK S Cover Crop Interseeding Study - Continued Table 2.

200 Central Illinois PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Cover Crop Interseeding Study - Continued Table 2. Soybean Interseeding Yield Data Brand & Treatment Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment BECK 335NR * Control $ lb. Beck s Bean Builder Mix Interseeded Fall $ $9.92 * corrected to 13% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $11.20/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $11.20/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. Beck s Bean Builder Mix $1.30/lb. Photos 1-8 depict what our cover crop interseedings look like this fall with the proper planting dates at R5 for corn and R7 soybeans. These earlier planting dates resulted in beautiful cover crop stands and we hope we can obtain improved yield and net returns with corn and soybeans after cover crops in Multiple cover crop testing has been established at the Central Illinois PFR Center as we gear up for the 2015 season. In the spring both corn and soybeans will be planted into the cover crop and particular attention will be paid to nitrogen rates in corn, as rates of 100%, 75%, and 50% will be used to monitor nutrient (N) sequestration. Stay tuned for yield results on this study in the future. 200

201 Rainfall in Inches Central Illinois PFR BECK S Row Width and Population Study PLANTED: May 12, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: October 29, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 34,500 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 8 oz. Verdict, 2 oz. Zidua ROWS: Two 30" Rows Post: 30 oz. Durango REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate This study compares multiple hybrids in 20 in. rows, 30 in. rows, and twin rows at final populations ranging from 24,000 to 44,000 plants/a. The goal of this study was to determine the econimic optimum final population by row spacing. It is important to remember that three seperate planters were used in this study. $ Economic Optimum Final Stand 30 in. vs. 20 in. vs. Twin Rows (5 Year Data) $ Net Return $ $ $ ,000 plants/a. 33,000 plants/a. 35,000 plants/a. 30 in. Rows 20 in. Rows Twin Rows $ Final Stand x 1,000 Figure Agronomic Optimum Final Stand 30 in. vs. 20 in. vs. Twin Rows (5 Year Data) 38,000 plants/a. 44,000 plants/a. 39,000 plants/a. 30 in. Rows 20 in. Rows Twin Rows 30 in. Rows 20 in. Rows Twins Final Stand x 1,000 Figure 2. The data summary above illustrates yield data from 2010 through 2014 at Central Illinois PFR. This five-year data set suggests the economic optimum population that maximized profitability in the three row spacings for this study. Thirty inch rows offered economic optimum population at 33,000 plants/a., 35,000 plants/a. in 20 in. rows and 26,000 plants/a. in twin rows. At each respective economic optimum population, 30 in. rows provided an increase of $6.22/A. over 20 in. rows and $16.86/A. over twin rows. As it stands today, narrow row width platforms of 20 in. and twin rows have not offered economic gains over 30 in. rows. That being said, this determination may be a result of certain corn hybrids not being agronomically appropriate for narrow rows. At Beck s Hybrids, we are evaluating new corn hybrids each year, and studies such as this one might be able to help monitor how narrow rows begin to show economic and agronomic gains over 30 in. rows once hybrids are developed exclusively for narrow rows. If this transition happens, recomendations could be made for individual hybrids to be placed in narrow row platforms. 201

202 Central Illinois PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Capture LFR Study PLANTED: May 8, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 25, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 34,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: ROWS: Six 30" Rows Post: 8 oz. Verdict, 2 oz. Zidua 1 qt. Durango REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate This study evaluates the use of Capture LFR insecticide in addition to multiple rootworm trait platforms. Capture LFR contains the active ingredient Bifenthrin and is classified as a non-systemic pyrethroid that controls corn rootworms, cutworms, wireworms, and grubs. This study compares the effectiveness of Capture LFR with and without above and below-ground insect protection trait packages applied at planting as an in-furrow soil application, as well as on corn at the V8 growth stage via 360 YDrop applications. It should be noted that this application at V8 is off-label and is only being demonstrated for research purposes. Capture LFR is labeled for use as a liquid in-furrow insecticide, however we are analyzing the use of this insecticide via 360 YDrop applications at a later date to help increase pest control at the base of the plant. 360 YDrop applications were made with a New Holland 275SP (Photo 1) high clearance sprayer. 360 YDrop is a versatile system that can be installed on almost any sprayer and has the ability to precisely place any liquid product within 2-3 inches of a crop row (Photo 2). Its unique design allows liquid products to be applied within the row at anytime during the growing season. In-furrow Capture LFR applications were made via seed firmers and placed on both sides of the seed trench with standard liquid fertilizer application equipment. Treatment Rootworm Trait Bushels Diff. Net^ Return Return on Investment COMPETITOR VT3 PRO Control $ Cry3Bb1 8.5 oz. Capture Planting $ $ oz. Capture LFR 360 V $ $33.26 BECK 6175AMXT * Control $ Cry34/ oz. Capture Planting $ $ oz. Capture LFR 360 V $ $6.28 BECK 6175RR * Control $ None 8.5 oz. Capture Planting $ $ oz. Capture LFR 360 V $ $5.03 PHOENIX 5552EZ ** Control $ MIR oz. Capture Planting $ $ oz. Capture LFR 360 V $ $10.84 PHOENIX 5552GT ** Control $ None 8.5 oz. Capture Planting $ $ oz. Capture LFR 360 V $ $7.94 * ** Phoenix brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. Phoenix is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $300.00/gal. Capture LFR and $7.00 application cost. 202 Rootworm Trait Rootworm Trait Platform Bushels Net^ Diff. Return Return on Investment No Rootworm Trait $ $2.52 MIR $ $15.59 Cry34/ $ $1.69 Cry3Bb $ $25.97

Rainfall in Inches 2.51 2.65 6.14 6.69 3.71 21.70 Central Illinois PFR BECK S Capture LFR Study - Continued $30.00 2013-2014 Capture LFR Multi-Year Rootworm Trait Performance Net Rturn/A. $20.00 $10.

4 with positive returns of $6.64/A. When applied via 360 YDrop, yield advantage was increased by 48%, proving yield gains of 9.5 with net returns of $12.67/A., a $6.

203 Rainfall in Inches Central Illinois PFR BECK S Capture LFR Study - Continued $ Capture LFR Multi-Year Rootworm Trait Performance Net Rturn/A. $20.00 $10.00 $- -$4.77 $10.55 $23.98 Cry34/35 MIR604 Cry3Bb1 $(10.00) Rootworm Trait Platform Figure 1. Capture LFR in-furrow, at-plant treatments offered average yield advances of 6.4 with positive returns of $6.64/A. When applied via 360 YDrop, yield advantage was increased by 48%, proving yield gains of 9.5 with net returns of $12.67/A., a $6.03 additional return on investment above at-plant in-furrow treatments. Trait packages were interesting to evaluate in this study as we try to examine the likelihood of rootworm resistance issues with the Cry3Bb1 protein. This rootworm trait platform exhibited an overall increased insecticide response of 4.2 when compared to the other trait platforms average yields. This yield response equated to a 53% increase in efficacy of Capture LFR. Figure 1 illustrates the performance of all three rootworm trait platforms over 2013 and 2014 at the Central Illinois PFR Center. This data reveals the Cry3Bb1 trait has shown the highest benefit from insecticide applications and this data suggests that we could be experiencing the results of corn rootworm resistance in our area involving the Cry3Bb1 protein. MIR604 traited hybrids have also seen a $10.55/A. additional return on investment, while the Cry34/35 platform has actually proven to have zero positive economic benefit, with losses of -$4.77/A. Photo 1. See the YDrop application in action at 203

204 Central Illinois PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Soil-Applied Insecticide Study PLANTED: May 8, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 25, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 34,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: ROWS: Six 30" Rows Post: 8 oz. Verdict, 2 oz. Zidua 1 qt. Durango REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate This study is designed to evaluate specific rootworm events with and without a soil-applied insecticide treatment. The intention is to analyze any beneficial effects of a soil-applied insecticide in addition to a rootworm protection trait. Corn rootworm resistance has been documented in Illinois, and this study is designed to monitor this resistance issue with three different corn rootworm traits, including MIR604, Cry34/35 and the Cry3Bb1 proteins. Counter 15G is used in this study as an insecticide and nematicide containing the active ingredient Terbufos. It is labeled for control of corn rootworm larvae, wireworms, white grubs and seed corn maggots. Brand Rootworm Trait Insecticide Bushels Diff. Net^ Return Return on Investment Competitor VT3 PRO Cry3Bb1 Control $ Competitor VT3 PRO Cry3Bb1 8.7 lb. Counter 15G $ $17.08 BECK 6175AMXT * Cry34/35 Control $ BECK 6175AMXT * Cry34/ lb. Counter 15G $ $33.55 BECK 6175RR * None Control $ BECK 6175RR * None 8.7 lb. Counter 15G $ $28.99 Phoenix 5552EZ ** MIR604 Control $ Phoenix 5552EZ ** MIR lb. Counter 15G $ $3.26 Phoenix 5552GT ** None Control $ Phoenix 5552GT ** None 8.7 lb. Counter 15G $ $5.46 AVERAGE $8.65 * ** Phoenix brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. Phoenix is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost. $4.00/lb. Counter 15G. $40.00 $30.00 $20.00 $10.00 $0.00 -$ $ $30.00 Cry34/35 MIR604 Cry3Bb1 Rootworm Trait Figure 1. Counter 15G offered yield increases averaging 6.3 across all trait platforms in Average returns, however, were a different story. The corn hybrid containing the Cry3Bb1 trait provided a $17.08 return with the application of soil-applied insecticide, whereas the hybrids containing the Cry34/35 and MIR604 rootworm traits all showed overall negative returns. Three-year data proves the same trend: negative average returns on investment for both the Cry34/35 and MIR 604 rootworm proteins and a $32.98 average return on investment with the Cry3Bb1 protein (Figure 1). These results could suggest that we are seeing indicators of corn rootworm resistance to the Cry3Bb1 protein in our area. Rotating modes of action with different rootworm platforms is important as growers consider and implement rootworm trait management in the future. 204 Return/A. from Insecticide Soil-Applied Insecticide Summary

205 Rainfall in Inches Central Illinois PFR BECK S Carbon Penalty Study PLANTED: April 18, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: September 27, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 34,500 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: ROWS: Eight 30" Rows Post: 8 oz. Verdict, 2 oz. Zidua 1 qt. Durango REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 5828AMX * It is estimated that 20% of corn in Illinois is in a continuous corn rotation. As producers evaluate whether to grow continuous corn, considerations must be given to the carbon penalty that can be associated with corn after corn. Corn residue is classified as nonfragile residue and will decompose much slower than residue from soybeans. This residue is a heavy carbon load and needs to go through a period of decomposition. This process can immobilize nitrogen that is intended for plant consumption. Corn after corn requires a different approach to nitrogen management in comparison to first year corn. This study evaluates the effects of the carbon penalty and how it relates to corn yields and nitrogen management. To illustrate this, we conducted an experiment that addresses the amount of yield loss associated from continuous corn carbon loads. This study evaluates the effects of burning corn stalks from the 2013 crop to remove the carbon load. The controlled burning of stalks was then evaluated and compared to a typical corn after corn rotation where a disk-chisel was used to bury and size residue. All treatments received 225 lb. of nitrogen in addition to each individual component. Treatment Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment Control $1, Controlled Burn $1, $41.92 * corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost. Yield / Acre Multi-Year Carbon Penalty Study Avg 14.3 Control Burn Crop Year Figure 1. Photo 1. To prove that there is in fact a carbon penalty associated with continuous corn rotations, we conducted a deliberate controlled burn to remove all corn residue (Photo 1). This controlled burn proved to reduce carbon loads and actually increased corn yields by 10.1 compared to using tillage to decompose residue. This controlled burn proved to increase farm revenue by nearly $42.00/A. Beck s Hybrids does not condone or recommend burning corn residue. This residue in the future will ultimately help add organic matter and water holding capacity to the soil. We only conducted this controlled burn to prove corn residue is actually carbon material that must be decomposed quickly to eliminate potential yield losses in corn due to immobilization of nitrogen. Figure 1 illustrates the five year data from this carbon penalty study, and shows a 14.3 advantage of removing carbon loads before planting continuous corn. 205

206 Central Illinois PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Soil Nitrate Study PLANTED: April 18, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: September 27, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 34,500 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 5 oz. Verdict, 2 oz. Zidua ROWS: Eight 30" Rows Post: 1 qt. Durango REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 5828AMX * The basic premise of this study is to determine if soil nitrate test values could be used to measure overall plant available nitrogen and to evaluate how test values compare to various rates of nitrogen applied. Typically, in order to get soil nitrate results, one would have to pull samples from a field location, bag them, and then deliver the samples to a professional soil testing lab. This type of testing will be evaluated in this study, but we will also research a new soil nitrate testing device called 360 SoilSCAN. 360 SoilSCAN (Photo 1) is an in-field soil testing device that can measure amounts of plant available nitrate in the soil. The unique aspect of this device is the fact that it can generate nitrate results in less than 5 minutes while you are still in the field after a sample is pulled. We are using the 2014 CILPFR continuous corn nitrogen rate study for our test site. This gives us the ability to monitor soil nitrate results from 12 in. soil samples pulled within strips of nitrogen rates consisting of 0 lb., 125 lb., 150 lb., 175 lb., 200 lb., 225 lb., and 250 lb. of actual nitrogen. Soil nitrates were pulled weekly and average test results were recorded. This trial site has been continuous corn for 7 years and each nitrogen rate is applied to the same area each year. Pounds of Nitrogen Bushels Nitrogen Cost Gross^ Return Lab NO 3 Test SoilSCAN Test $ $75.00 $ $90.00 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ AVERAGE * ^Gross return is x $4.15/Bu. Loss of revenue/a. is difference x $4.15/Bu. Table 1. Table 2. SOILSCAN RECOMMENDATIONS SoilSCAN Lb./A. Soil Nitrate Level 0-20 Low Medium High 60 & Over Excess Soil NO 3 Lbs./A LAB SETTING RECOMMENDATIONS Interpretation Guideline Very likely nitrogen deficiency, sidedress nitrogen recommended Possible nitrogen deficiency, low rate of sidedress needed Sufficient nitrogen available, sidedress usually not recommended Sidedress not recommended 50+ Excessive nitrogen, could indicate excessive applications of nitrogen 206

Rainfall in Inches 2.51 2.65 6.14 6.69 3.71 21.70 Central Illinois PFR BECK S Soil Nitrate Study - Continued 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 lb. 125 lb. 150 lb. 175 lb. 200 lb. 225 lb. 250 lb.

207 Rainfall in Inches Central Illinois PFR BECK S Soil Nitrate Study - Continued lb. 125 lb. 150 lb. 175 lb. 200 lb. 225 lb. 250 lb. Lab NO SoilSCAN Lb./A. NO CILPFR Soil Nitrate Results Figure 1. This is the second year in a row that both nitrate test types showed very similar correlation in the fact that higher nitrogen rates showed higher soil nitrate values. The SoilSCAN result values did tend to show lower readings by 3 lb./a. on average compared to lab nitrate testing. Tables 1-2 illustrate the suggested recommendations by either the 360 SoilSCAN manufacturer or the by the professional soil testing lab that conducted the nitrate testing. 360 SoilSCAN suggests that in most cases, 40 lb./a. of soil nitrate levels should be sufficient levels of nitrogen for plant growth (Table 1). The soil nitrate testing lab s guideline for sufficient nitrate is 30 lb./a. (Table 2). By using the CILPFR Continuous Corn Nitrogen Rate Study for this trial, we found the Economic Optimum Nitrogen Rate (EONR) to be 200 lb./a. At this 200 lb. level, applying additional nitrogen did not increase yield enough to pay for the extra nitrogen. If we use this 200 lb. EONR rate as a guideline, we can then evaluate each soil nitrate test result and Photo 1. SoilSCAN nitrate test device. find its success rate of depicting adequate nitrogen needs. Both tests were very accurate at applied nitrogen rates that were 175 lb./a. and lower. However, at lb. nitrogen rates, we encountered discrepancies with both test types. At the high rate of 250 lb./a, both tests were accurate in predicting nitrogen needs. Overall each nitrate test sustained success rates of 86% accuracy. 207

208 Central Illinois PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S P Max Plus Study PLANTED: April 25, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: September 27, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 34,500 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: ROWS: Twenty-four 30" Rows Post: 8 oz. Verdict, 2 oz. Zidua 1 qt. Durango REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 4321AM * To evaluate P Max Plus as an in-furrow pop-up fertilizer product in corn. P Max Plus is a combination product of P Max, ammonium polyphosphate liquid fertilizer, and micronutrients copper, zinc, iron, and manganese. In this study, P Max Plus is compared to equivalent liquid row starter rates without micronutrients. Treatment Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment 4 gal In-Furrow $ gal. P Max Plus In-Furrow $ $6.94 * corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $10.00/gal. P Max Plus, and $3.00/gal P Max Plus performed very well once again this year, increasing yield by 3.6 and returns near $7.00 over the standard Central Illinois PFR starter fertilizer program. Using P Max Plus as a liquid row starter over the past two seasons has given us an average yield increase of 3.1 P Max Plus appears to offer nice yield response at very low use rates in an in-furrow pop-up treatment. We look forward to a third year of P Max Plus trials in Chad Kalaher, Beck s Team Agronomist, presenting at the Central Illinois Field Show

HERBICIDE: Pre: 8 oz. Verdict, 2 oz. Zidua ROWS: Six 30" Rows Post: 1 qt.

209 Rainfall in Inches Central Illinois PFR BECK S P Max LFS Study PLANTED: May 7, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: September 27, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 34,500 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 8 oz. Verdict, 2 oz. Zidua ROWS: Six 30" Rows Post: 1 qt. Durango REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 4321AM * P Max LFS is a phosphate fertilizer additive. When mixed with liquid phosphate fertilizers, P Max LFS increases phosphorous efficiency and plant uptake. When added to liquid or dry phosphate fertilizers, it limits the chemical bonding of the negatively charged phosphate with the positively charged elements (Ca 2+, Al 3+, Fe 3+, Zn 2+ or Mg 2+ ) that are present in the fertilizer, water or soil. These positively charged elements attach to P Max so that they no longer have the ability to bond with the negatively charged phosphate. This keeps the phosphate and micronutrients available for uptake by the growing plant. P Max LFS easily mixes with preplant, starter or sidedress liquid/suspension fertilizer solutions. Treatment Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment 4 gal (Control) $ gal oz. P Max LFS In-Furrow $ $ gal oz. P Max LFS + 1 qt. Zinc In-Furrow $ $7.87 corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost. $4.88/A. P Max LFS, $8.00/A. Zinc 5 Year P Max Yield Summary 5 Year P Max ROI Summary Avg. Yield Increasse Avg Yield Increase P Max Treatment Date Return on Investment $25 $20 $15 $10 $5 $0 $18.46/A. Avg. ROI P Max Treatment Date Figure 1. Figure 2. In this year s study, P Max LFS showed yield advantages of 3.2 Bu./A with a return on investment of $8.40/A. Figures 1 and 2 illustrate the five year performance of P Max LFS at the Central Illinois PFR Center. This data shows a very consistent 4.6 Bu./A average yield increase with an average return on investment of near $18.46/A. over that same period of time. For the first time with this study we added zinc to the P Max LFS treatment. This treatment combination offered us an additional yield advantage of 1.8, but failed to realize higher net returns over the standalone P Max LFS treatments. 209

210 Central Illinois PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Incite Silica Study PLANTED: April 28, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: October 27, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 34,500 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: ROWS: Eight 30" Rows Post: 8 oz. Verdict, 2 oz. Zidua 1 qt. Durango REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 5385A3 To study the effects of Incite, a flowable silica compound that protects soil microbes and plant integrity. Many variables can limit, block, or tie up soil biological activity, nutrient uptake, and plant development. Incite limits these actions from taking place, ensuring that seed, fertilizers, micronutrients, and microbes are properly functioning in the soil profile, as well as the plant. Silica in the soil will create a barrier around soil microbes and nutrients so these compounds can freely flow in the soil for better plant uptake through the root system. Also, Silica, when applied as a foliar treatment to a developing plant, will protect it from abiotic stresses such as heat and lack of moisture. Silica can reduce the stress as the plant grows, allowing cell respiration, metabolism, and photosynthesis to continue without being slowed down or stopped. Treatment Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment Control $1, oz. Incite Preplant $1, $ oz. Incite V $1, $ oz. Incite Preplant + 16 oz. Incite V $1, $15.73 AVERAGE $1, $15.47 * corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost. $14.13/A. Incite Silica. For the 2014 growing season, Incite provided average yield increases of 8.3 with an average return on investment of $15.47/A. In regards to timing of single treatments, there was only a 0.6 Bu/A. difference between preplant and V4 timings. Combination treatments at preplant and V4 offered the highest yield advantage at 10.6 with a return on investment of $15.73/A. This is our second year testing Incite as a silica product. The 8.3 yield increase from this year is very similar to the response we saw a year ago with a 9.5 average. To date this product has provided a positive return on investment of $19.30/A. More research needs to be completed to understand the full benefits of a silica product. 210

211 Rainfall in Inches Central Illinois PFR BECK S Aqua Sorb Study PLANTED: April 12, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: September 19, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 34,500 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: ROWS: Eight 30" Rows Post: 5 oz. Verdict, 2 oz. Zidua 1 qt. Durango REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 5828AMX * To evaluate Aqua Sorb, a water retainer, that, when incorporated into a soil or substrate, absorbs and retains large quantities of water and nutrients. Unlike most products that become hydrated, Aqua Sorb has the ability to easily release the absorbed water and nutrients, thereby allowing the plant to have water and nutrients available at will, as a function of the absorption-release cycles. Aqua Sorb limits losses of water and nutrients due to leaching, reduces evaporation from the soil and improves the physical properties of compacted soils through good aeration. Treatment Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment Control $1, lb. Aqua Preplant $1, $29.69 * corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. 15 lb./a. Aqua Sorb $48.75/A. Aqua Sorb treatments offered yield increases of 18.9 which equated to a net gain of +$29.69/A. in The cost of this product is $48.75/A., but lasts in the soil for 5-7 years. If Aqua Sorb could in fact have multiple years of use, the overall cost per acre would be $7.00-$10.00/A. over the 5-7 year period. Photo 1 illustrates Aqua Sorb retaining water and holding that hydration for release and availability when dry periods may occur. More research needs to be conducted to reveal the benefits of Aqua Sorb and how it can control water availability. We will continue to test Aqua Sorb over the next few years to evaluate return on investment over time. 0.5 oz. Aqua Sorb 0.5 oz. Aqua Sorb + 5 oz. Water 211

HERBICIDE: Pre: ROWS: Four 30" Rows Post: 5 oz. Verdict, 2 oz. Zidua 1 qt.

Frost simulations were made beginning at the V2 growth stage and continued through V5. Frost is simulated by burning plant tissue using a propane torch.

9 --- --- V3 Frost 25.3 254.3-21.6 7.8% Control 24.7 290.8 --- --- V4 Frost 24.5 261.2-29.6 10.2% Control 24.3 263.2 --- --- V5 Frost 24.6 200.1-63.1 24.0% * corrected to 15% moisture.

212 Central Illinois PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Frost Study PLANTED: April 12, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: September 19, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 34,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: ROWS: Four 30" Rows Post: 5 oz. Verdict, 2 oz. Zidua 1 qt. Durango REPLICATIONS: Four (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 4321AM * To evaluate BECK 4321AM * in an early planting frost environment. Frost simulations were made beginning at the V2 growth stage and continued through V5. Frost is simulated by burning plant tissue using a propane torch. The purpose of this study is to monitor crop responses including plant health, death loss and recovery. Treatment Bushels Loss Control V2 Frost % Control V3 Frost % Control V4 Frost % Control V5 Frost % * corrected to 15% moisture. Yield Loss Due to Frost Yield Loss 35.0% 30.0% 25.0% 20.0% 15.0% 10.0% 5.0% 0.0% V1 Frost V2 Frost V3 Frost V4 Frost V5 Frost %Yield loss 4.3% 4.8% 10.1% 19.4% 30.0% Figure 1. For the 2014 growing season, early V2 frost events caused minimal yield losses of 5.5 However, much larger yield implications were seen as frost simulations occurred at V4 and V5 growth stages. Figure 1 illustrates the six year yield loss averages for frost events at different growth stages. As corn plants near growth stage V5, the growing point of the plant emerges above the soil surface, leaving it more susceptible to frost damage. 212

213 Rainfall in Inches Central Illinois PFR BECK S Starter Fertilizer Systems Study PLANTED: April 24, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 1, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 34,500 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: ROWS: Six 30" Rows Post: 8 oz. Verdict, 2 oz. Zidua 1 qt. Durango REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Counter, Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 4321AM * To evaluate the use of liquid starter fertilizer in both in-furrow and 2x2 applications is a liquid polyphosphate starter fertilizer for use in corn to stimulate early seedling growth. It is a 100% water-soluble liquid starter fertilizer that provides maximum nutrient availability. In-furrow applications are made via seed firmers and 2x2 applications are made by using starter attachments ahead of the planter row units. These starter attachments apply fertilizer two inches away from and two inches below the seed. Rates of starter will be varied to try to analyze the optimum rate per acre in both in-furrow and 2x2 starter applications. Treatment Bushels Diff. Net^ Return Return on Investment Control $ gal In-Furrow $ $ gal In-Furrow $ $ gal In-Furrow $ $ gal In-Furrow $ $7.72 AVERAGE $23.15 Control $ gal x $1, $ gal x $1, $ gal x $ $18.85 AVERAGE $12.89 * corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost. $3.00/gal In-Furrow Starter Fertilizer: Return x2 Starter Fertilizer: Return Return on Investment $50.00 $40.00 $30.00 $20.00 $10.00 $- In-Furrow gal./a. 2 gal. 3 gal. 5 gal. 7 gal. Return on Investment $25.00 $20.00 $15.00 $10.00 $5.00 $0.00 -$5.00 -$ $ $ x2 gal./a. 5 gal. 10 gal. 15 gal. Figure 1. Figure 2. 2x2 starter applications out-yielded in-furrow starter treatments by an average of 1.6 However, net returns clearly indicate that in-furrow at-plant fertilizer had an average higher return on investment of $10.26/A. Figures 1 and 2 illustrate multi-year starter results of both 2x2 and in-furrow treatments and reveal that 5 gal./a. in both platforms offered highest net returns. In-furrow starter treatments have performed very well at the Central Illinois PFR Center. With that being said, data would suggest that the 7 gal./a. in-furrow application is too high of a rate for a polyphosphate fertilizer. Suggested use rates of 2-5 gal./a. may be ideal to offer not only great yield potential, but an easy, low volume method of application. 213

214 Central Illinois PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Start Right Study PLANTED: May 22, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: September 30, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall: Chisel Spring: Vertical-Till POPULATION: 34,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: ROWS: Six 30" Rows Post: 5 oz. Verdict, 2 oz. Zidua 1 qt. Durango REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 5828AMX * This study was designed to test Start Right, a product that assists root growth and plant development. Start Right was applied through the seed firmer at 1 qt./a. Start Right is a proprietary formulation of major and micronutrients sequestered in concentrated organic acids. It is fortified with proprietary plant extracts, enzymes, and select soil bacteria. It is labeled for use on all crops at planting or early sidedressing. Treatment Test Weight Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment Control $ qt. Start Planting (Firmer) $ $17.72 * and test weight corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost. Start Right $10.50/A. This is the first year that we have tested Start Right on the Central Illinois PFR farm. The results were promising, with a yield advantage of 6.8 and a return on investment of $17.72/A. Start Right performed well this year on our farm, but future research needs to be completed to understand the full potential of Start Right. BECK S Soil Boost Study PLANTED: May 12, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: October 25, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 34,500 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: ROWS: Six 30" Rows Post: 5 oz. Verdict, 2 oz. Zidua 1 qt. Durango REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: Phoenix 5552EZ ** Soil Boost is a combination of humic acid, mycorrhiza stimulants and bacteria designed to improve the soil tilth and increase overall health and vigor of the plant. Soil Boost improves the amount of root surface area, increases production of plant available nutrients, and improves the soil s water holding capacity. Soil Boost was applied at a rate of 1.5 pt./a. in-furrow at planting. Soil Boost can also be applied broadcast before planting at a rate of qt./a. Treatment 214 Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment Control $ oz. Soil Planting (Firmer) $ $9.21 ** Phoenix brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. Phoenix is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $8.63/A. Soil Boost. Although not quite as substantial as last year s increases of 6.6 and a return on investment of $26.09/A., Soil Boost treatments this year produced similar results with a yield increase of 4.3 and a return on investment of $9.21/A. Two year data suggests that an in-furrow Soil Boost treatment can increase yields nearly 5.5 while increasing revenue to $17.65/A. Two year data looks convincing, and we look forward to our third year of testing with Soil Boost in 2015.

215 Rainfall in Inches Central Illinois PFR BECK S USA 500 Liquid Study PLANTED: April 25, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: September 27, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 34,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: ROWS: Six 30" Rows Post: 8 oz. Verdict, 2 oz. Zidua 1 qt. Durango REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 4321AM * To evaluate USA 500, a combination of phosphate protection, EDTA Zn and other proprietary ingredients into an all-in-one, easy to use product that is designed for use with most all liquid phosphate starter fertilizers. USA 500 promotes early season root growth, enhances and protects nutritional components, helps release phosphates that are tied up in the soil and increases the crop s ability to jump out of the ground with even emergence. USA 500 is used at 48 oz./a. and provides 1 qt./a. of a 9% EDTA Zn. In this study, USA 500 is used in conjunction with 4 gal./a. of liquid fertilizer placed in-furrow at planting. Treatment Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment 4 gal (Control) $ gal oz. USA 500 in-furrow $ $3.70 * corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost. $13.50/A. USA 500 USA 500 applications increased yields by 4 Bu./A over our normal program of 4 gal./a. of liquid fertilizer. In most cases in 2014, and in the past at the Central Illinois PFR Center, phosphate efficiency as well as zinc products have increased corn yields in conjunction with our current starter fertilizer programs. USA 500 looks promising based upon 2014 research. We look forward to evaluating USA 500 in the coming years. BECK S Amplify-D Study PLANTED: April 18, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: September 27, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 35,500 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: ROWS: Eight 30" Rows Post: 5 oz. Verdict, 2 oz. Zidua 1 qt. Durango REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 4321AM * This PFR study evaluates Conklin s Amplify-D hopper box seed treatment. Amplify-D is a seed emergence aid containing nitrogen, phosphoric acid, calcium, iron, manganese, and zinc. Amplify-D also contains adenosine monophosphate (AMP), naturally found in seeds, that acts as a precursor to the formation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the Krebs cycle. The Krebs cycle is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). By providing a seed with additional AMP and fertilizer, seedling vigor is enhanced and emergence is improved. AMP also helps seeds overcome stress conditions like cold, wet soils and low seed lot vigor. Treatment Bushels Net^ Return Net Return Minus Drying Cost Return on Investment Control $1, $ Amplify-D $1, $1, $8.23 * corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $3.08/A. Amplify-D, and $0.04/pt. of moisture drying costs. In our second year of testing, Amplify-D hopper box treatments offered yield gains of 1.9 along with lower average grain moistures of -0.4%. After accounting for additional yield gains and overall drying costs, Amplify-D offered an average return on investment of $8.23/A. This data is representative of a year ago, when Amplify-D treatments realized yield gains 2.2 when used as a hopper box seed treatment. We look forward to a third year of testing with Amplify-D seed treatments in

216 Central Illinois PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Yield King Study PLANTED: May 23, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 31, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 34,500 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: ROWS: Six 30" Rows Post: 8 oz. Verdict, 2 oz. Zidua 1 qt. Durango REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 5828AMX * To evaluate the performance of Row Support and Yield King Gold provided by Advanced Agriculture Services, LLC. Row Support can be used alone or blended with liquid foliar and soil-applied fertilizer solutions. It can also be used with pop-up fertilizers. When used at the recommended rates, Row Support formulation increases and supplies specific beneficial microbial and mycorrhizal fungi, along with supplying the beneficials the right food source of nutrients to ensure inoculation. By colonizing these beneficials in the rhizosphere and root system early and allowing them to take up the real estate first, pathogens (ie. fusarium, pythium, rhizoctonia, phytophora) are greatly reduced or eliminated. The unique ingredients found in Row Support have also been proven to increase phosphorus availability and uptake as well as the solubility of calcium, magnesium, and potassium already in the soil. Some of the specific additives include a patented chelated micronutrient package including Zinc, Manganese, Magnesium, and Copper, Fulvic / Amino/Organic acids, urea phosphite, specific rooting plant hormones, as well as a patented stress reducer. Yield King Gold stimulates root development, and promotes larger leaf size for faster canopy closure and better sunlight interception. Yield King Gold supplies complete plant nutrition, as well as replaces micronutrients (like manganese, zinc and iron) that are tied up or stripped out of a plant with a glyphosate application when growing glyphosate tolerant crops. Yield King Gold contains components and nutrients that will improve plant health including a new compound called urea phosphonate (phosphite), along with Monopotassium Phosphate (MKP), which are used on agricultural crops as a fertilizer and a fungicide. Yield King Gold has the ability to feed the plant while at the same time helping control diseases that are responsible for reducing yields. Yield King Gold has components having bio-fungicidal activity on diseases such as Pythium, Northern Corn Leaf Blight, Rhizoctonia and Fusarium. Treatment Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment Control (4 gal In-Furrow) $ gal. Yield V $ $ qt. Row Support Gold In-Furrow f/b 1 gal. Yield King V $ $2.32 * corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost. All treatments contain 4 gal INF. $3.00/gal , $23.00/gal. Row Support Gold, $16.50/gal. Yield King Gold. In this third year study at Central Illinois PFR, stand alone V5 foliar applications of Yield King Gold offered yield increases of 3.2 with a net loss of $3.22/A. Combination treatments of Row Support Gold offered the highest yield increase in the study of 8.0 which equates to a return on investment of $2.32/A. At Central Illinois PFR we are constantly looking for products that increase yield while increasing net profit. 216

217 Rainfall in Inches Central Illinois PFR BECK S Potassium Plus Study PLANTED: May 5, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: October 17, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 35,500 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: ROWS: Sixteen 30" Rows Post: 8 oz. Verdict, 2 oz. Zidua 24 oz. Durango REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 5828AMX * To evaluate Potassium Plus, a potassium carbonate, soluble potash product as an additional supply of potassium for corn plants. Treatments consisted of 1 qt. of Potassium Plus applied as a V5 foliar product as well as a sidedress with 28% UAN at the V5 growth stage. Treatment Bushels Diff. Net^ Return Return on Investment Control $ qt. Potassium Plus V $ $ qt. Potassium Plus V $ $11.43 AVERAGE $ $6.24 * corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost. $29.00/gal. Potassium Plus. Both foliar and sidedress applications of Potassium Plus at V5 provided yield increases of 2.0 and 4.5, respectively. V5 sidedress applications showed the best response in this study with overall net returns of $11.43/A., very similar to the 4.2 Bu./A yield advance with net returns of $15.25/A. we experienced from Potassium Plus in At a low use rate of only 1 qt./a., Potassium Plus might serve as an easy and inexpensive way of supplementing potassium to actively growing plants. This can be used especially if sidedressing is already a planned program as a part of a grower s nitrogen management program. Customers attending agronomic tours at the Central Illinois Field Show 217

218 Central Illinois PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Respire Study PLANTED: May 23, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 25, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 34,500 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: ROWS: Eight 30" Rows Post: 8 oz. Verdict, 2 oz. Zidua 1 qt. Durango REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: Phoenix 5552EZ ** Respire Foliar is a non-toxic liquid plant food containing micronutrients and biostimulants that promote efficient plant growth. Foliar applications boost plant respiration under drought stress or unfavorable weather conditions. Respire contains 7% nitrogen, chelated copper, iron, manganese, magnesium, zinc, sulfur, boron, molybdenum, humic acids, and liquid fermentation products such as vitamin-b complex. Treatment Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment Control $ oz. V $ $24.30 ** Phoenix brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. Phoenix is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost. $6.00/A. Respire Increase Year Respire Foliar Summary +6.9 Average Respire Treatment Figure In our third year testing Respire at the Central Illinois PFR Center, Respire treatments showed 7.3 average yield gains with a positive return on investment of $24.30/A. Multi-year data supports this conclusion as well. Figure 1 reveals data showing average 6.9 yield gains with a $29.43 return on investment. 218

219 Rainfall in Inches Central Illinois PFR BECK S RyzUp SmartGrass Study PLANTED: April 25, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: September 27, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 34,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: ROWS: Six 30" Rows Post: 5 oz. Verdict, 2 oz. Zidua 1 qt. Durango REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 6948A3 To evaluate RyzUp SmartGrass, which is an advanced formulation of the naturally occurring plant growth regulator gibberellic acid (GA3). RyzUp SmartGrass is currently registered for use on corn and pasture grass. RyzUp SmartGrass enhances early season vegetative and root growth through enhanced cell division and cell elongation for a stronger, more stress tolerant crop with increased capacity for greater yields. Treatment Test Weight Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment Control $1, oz. RyzUp V $1, $6.52 and test weight corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost. $11.50/A. RyzUp SmartGrass. For this second year study, RyzUp SmartGrass contributed a yield advantage of 1.2, which equated to a negative return on investment of -$6.52/A. Two year data proves an average yield increase of 0.9 and a negative return on investment of -$7.39/ A. More research needs to be conducted to determine the advantages of RyzUp SmartGrass. BECK S Experimental Acid Foliar Study PLANTED: May 10, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 17, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 34,500 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: ROWS: Eight 30" Rows Post: 8 oz. Verdict, 2 oz. Zidua 24 oz. Durango REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 5475AMX * This study is designed to evaluate EX3774, an experimental liquid foliar applied acid from Rosen s Inc. that is designed to work with the plants natural ability to process sugars. EX3774 foliar treatments have been shown to increase efficiency in the uptake of needed minerals and nutrients, increasing yield and productivity. EX3774 is an experimental product and is not commercially available at this time. Versa Max Corn, another Rosen s nutritional product, will also be used in this study to monitor any synergistic effects between the two products. Treatment Bushels Control oz. V oz. EX qt. Versa Max V qt. V qt. Versa Max V qt. EX qt. Versa Max V corrected to 15% moisture. Initial testing conducted on this product appears to have shown very little yield response in Individual treatments of EX3774 confirmed best yield activity at the 1 qt. rate applied at V5 showing a 1.1 yield advantage. Tank-mixing Versa Max Corn with EX3774 also showed very little synergistic response. 219

220 Central Illinois PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Versa Max Study PLANTED: April 25, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: September 27, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 34,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: ROWS: Six 30" Rows Post: 2 oz. Verdict, 5 oz. Zidua 1 qt. Durango REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 6948A3 This is our fourth year evaluating applications of Versa Max Corn, which is a mixture of macro and micronutrients that can be applied as a foliar application or in-row starter/sidedress applications. Versa Max improves plant health by providing efficient delivery of nitrogen (N) and other essential nutrients (S, Fe, Mn, and Zn) as part of a total fertility program that will decrease plant stresses and increase potential for maximum genetic expression. Versa Max also has ingredients in the formulation that enhance the spray tank mix compatibility and spray humectancy to provide improved nutrient uptake. In this study we compare foliar treatments at 1 qt./a. applied at the V5 growth stage. Additional tank-mix treatments are also evaluated along with Versa Max to see if there may be some synergistic activity with the combination treatment. RyzUp SmartGrass is an advanced formulation of the naturally occurring plant growth regulator gibberellic acid (GA3), and PercPlus is a 3% N, 17% P, 0.25% Cu and 0.5% Zn formulation of nutrients designed to increase crop energy and reduce stress. Potassium Plus is 28% soluble potash designed as a supplemental source of potassium to treat or prevent deficiencies. Treatment Bushels Diff. Net^ Return Return on Investment Control $1, qt. Versa Max V $1, $ qt. Versa Max Corn + 1 qt. Potassium V $1, $ qt. Versa Max Corn + 8 oz. Perc V $1, $ qt. Versa Max Corn oz. RyzUp V $1, $15.79 corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost. $5.50/A. Versa Max Corn. $2.81/A. Perc Plus. $11.50/A. RyzUp SmartGrass. Yield Increase/Acre Year Versa Max Yield Summary 4 Year Versa Max ROI Summary +5.6 Bu. Avg Versa Max Treatment $0 Foliar Application Figure 1. Figure 2. Return / Acre $45 $40 $35 $30 $25 $20 $15 $10 $5 +$27.11/A Versa Max corn treatments in 2014 improved yields by an average of 5.2 and showed a positive return on investment of $16.08/A. These yield results are very similar to our past yield trials in Figure 1 reveals average multi-year yield gains of 5.6 from Versa Max corn from at Central IL PFR, while Figure 2 illustrates the average multi-year net return on investment of $27.11/A. Tank-Mix treatments of Potassium Plus showed minimal yield gains of 0.6 and consequently had a -$4.76/A. lower net return than the stand-alone Versa Max treatments. However, both Perc Plus and RyzUp Smartgrass revealed nice yield responses of 3.0 and 2.7 respectively. Perc Plus applications contributed to higher net returns of $9.64/A., while RyzUp Smartgrass treatments exhibited net losses of -$0.29/A. More testing needs to be completed to monitor any true synergy from these products. 220

221 Rainfall in Inches Central Illinois PFR BECK S Soybean Show Plot PLANTED: May 5, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 24, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till/Field Cultivation POPULATION: 150,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 5 oz. Verdict, 2 oz. Zidua ROWS: Four 30" Rows Post: 30 oz. Durango, 22 oz. Liberty, 12.5 oz. Cobra, 6 oz. Volunteer INSECTICIDE: Escalate Yield Rank Brand Relative Maturity Bushels GROUP II 1 BECK 278R4 * BECK 265NL BECK BECK 298L BECK 294NR * BECK 241NR * BECK 233R4 * BECK 238L BECK AVERAGE GROUP III & IV 1 BECK 366L BECK 418NR * BECK 312R4 * BECK 358R4 * BECK 335NR * BECK 394L BECK 393R4 * BECK 423NL BECK 368NR * BECK 379L BECK 384R2 * BECK 313NL BECK 419L BECK 337L BECK 389N BECK 354L BECK 349L BECK 319N BECK 328R2 * BECK 331N BECK AVERAGE * corrected to 13% moisture. 221

222 Central Illinois PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S 100 Bushel Attempt PLANTED: May 10, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 27, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 170,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: ROWS: Four 30" Rows Post: 5 oz. Verdict 1 qt. Durango REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate This study is part of an effort by Beck s PFR team to reach 100 bushel soybean yields. Various treatments throughout the growing season were used to enhance yield potential. The following are the individual treatments that were used in this study in an effort to increase yield: Cobra : Used in this study at the V3 growth stage in an attempt to shorten internode length and increase pod development. V3 Roll: Physical damage by way of a roller was applied to soybeans at the V3 growth stage to shorten internode length and stimulate pod development. Nitrogen: 20 gallons of preplant incorporated 28% nitrogen, used to stimulate early growth and offer soybeans an early nitrogen source until nodulation can take over. Respire : Applied at R2, Respire contains 7% nitrogen, chelated copper, iron, manganese, magnesium, zinc, sulfur, boron, molybdenum, humic acids, and liquid fermentation products such as vitamin-b complex. Versa Max Soybean: Versa Max applied at R2 will improve plant health by providing efficient delivery of nitrogen (N) and other essential nutrients (S, Fe, Mn and Zn) as part of a total fertility program that will decrease plant stress and increase potential for maximum genetic expression. Treatment Bushels BECK 328R2 * Control Cobra Mechanical Roll lb. Nitrogen Preplant AVERAGE BECK 368NR * Control Cobra Mechanical Roll lb. Nitrogen Preplant AVERAGE VARIETY AVERAGE Control Cobra Mechanical Roll lb. Nitrogen Preplant AVERAGE * corrected to 13% moisture. 222

223 Rainfall in Inches Central Illinois PFR BECK S 100 Bushel Attempt - Continued 100 yields were not accomplished in this high yield study this year. BECK 328R2 * highest yield came in at 76.6, while BECK 368NR * highest yield was 83.8, 16.2 short of our 100 goal. Even though the 100 Bu. level was not reached, we did learn quite a bit about individual treatments. These treatments increased yield on average by 2.6 with 60 lb. of preplant nitrogen offered the highest yield gains of this study at 3.6, which happens to be the same yield gain we realized in Mechanical rolling at the V3 growth stage provided an average yield gain of 3.5 and Cobra, applied at the V3 growth stage, offered a yield gain of 0.7 We get closer to reaching our 100 goal every season. We will continue to work hard trying to reach the 100 yield level, while at the same time hopefully understanding more about how we can increase soybean yields and profitability. BECK S Starter Fertilizer Study PLANTED: May 21, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 12, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 165,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 5 oz. Verdict ROWS: Six 30" Rows Post: 1 qt. Durango REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 241NR * The goal of this study is to evaluate any yield effects of placing liquid fertilizer in-furrow via seed firmers at planting is a liquid polyphosphate starter fertilizer and is liquid muriate of potash. Treatment Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment Control $ gal In-Furrow $ $ gal In-Furrow $ $80.32 * corrected to 13% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $11.20/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $11.20/Bu. minus treatment cost. $3.00/gal and $1.35/gal Starter treatments of and proved to be detrimental to soybean yields up to -6.2 High salt loads in fertilizer too close to the seed can cause soybean injury, and this was most certainly the case in this particular trial. In the future, this trial needs the addition of 2x2 treatments to evaluate the P & K fertilizer product applied outside of the seed trench. 223

224 Central Illinois PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Tillage Study Soybeans After Corn PLANTED: May 23, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 24, 2014 TILLAGE: Various POPULATION: 165,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 5 oz. Verdict ROWS: Four 30" Rows Post: 1 qt. Durango REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 335NR * To evaluate different forms of tillage in a soybeans after corn rotation. Conventional-till consists of a disk chisel plow in the fall followed by a vertical-tillage pass in the spring. Fall strip-till was completed with a Soil Warrior zone-till machine. Vertical-till is a Kuhn Krause Excelerator in the fall and spring, while no-till consists of a planter equipped with no-till coulters and residue cleaners. Tillage Program Bushels Tillage Program Cost Net^ Return Return on Investment No-Till $26.13 $ $22.79 Strip-Till $43.13 $ $32.29 Vertical-Till $30.00 $ $13.56 Conventional-Till $31.00 $ AVERAGE $ $7.69 * corrected to 13% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $11.20/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Cost for tillage and planting were taken from the results of the 2012 University of Illinois Machinery Cost Estimates: Field Operations Guide. Excelerator is a registered trademark of the Kuhn/Krause Corporation. Soil Warrior is a registered trademark of Environmental Tillage Systems. The no-till, vertical-till, and strip-till extra herbicide cost $11.13/A Soybeans after Corn Tillage: Economics Average Net Return/Acre $ $ $ $ $ $ Control -$2.78 +$3.80 -$23.52 Conventional-Till No-till Strip-till Vertical-Till Figure 1. In our soybeans after corn rotation, the yields of the four tillage programs were within 1.8 of the control (conventional-till). No-till took the honors with 65.7 and a return on investment of $22.79/A. The other treatments were not far behind with conventional-till yielding 64.1, vertical-till yielding 62.8, and strip-till yielding soybean tillage data in Figure 1 reveals similar trends compared to the conventional-till system. No-till soybeans have performed well at Central Illinois PFR, thus being the closest competitor to conventional-till at only a $2.78/A. net loss over the past six years. Even though strip-till had lower net returns than conventional-tillage, it was still within -$23.52/A. of conventional-till. Vertical-till has slightly outperformed conventional till in our long-term results, earning net returns $3.80/A. higher. 224

225 Rainfall in Inches Central Illinois PFR BECK S Moldboard Plow Study Soybeans After Corn PLANTED: May 27, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: September 30, 2014 TILLAGE: Various POPULATION: 165,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: ROWS: Eight 30" Rows Post: 8 oz. Verdict 1 qt. Durango REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 241NR * To determine if there are any advantages to adding moldboard plowing to a soybean tillage rotation. Two tillage treatments were conducted: 1. Fall moldboard plow followed by a vertical-tillage pass in the spring. 2. Fall chisel plow followed by vertical-tillage in the spring. Treatment Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment Moldboard Plow $1.56 Chisel Plow * corrected to 13% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $11.20/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $11.20/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $31.00/A. Moldboard plow and $16.00/A. Chisel plow. For this second year study, moldboard plowing offered a yield gain of 1.2, but a negative overall return on investment of -$1.56/A. Two-year data would suggest only a minimal 0.2 yield increase will be our 3rd year evaluating moldboard plowing in a soybean after corn rotation. Currently it appears that this devastating form of tillage has not offered any benefits thus far. However, we look forward to more testing in the future to solidify our conclusion. Watch the moldboard plow in action at 225

226 Central Illinois PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Row Width & Population Study PLANTED: May 20, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 11, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: Various HERBICIDE: Pre: ROWS: Eight 30" Rows Post: 5 oz. Verdict 1 qt. Durango REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 328R2 * In this study, 15 inch and 30 inch rows were compared at various planting populations from 75, ,000 seeds per acre. Seed costs for each entry were calculated to determine net returns and establish economic optimum planting rates for each row width system. Row Width & Population Bushels Approximate Seed Cost Net^ Return 30 IN. ROWS 75, $34.04 $ , $45.38 $ , $56.73 $ , $68.08 $ , $79.42 $ , $90.77 $ , $ $ AVERAGE 61.9 $ IN. ROWS 75, $34.04 $ , $45.38 $ , $56.73 $ , $68.08 $ , $79.42 $ , $90.77 $ , $ $ AVERAGE 63.0 $ * corrected to 13% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $11.20/Bu.) minus treatment cost. 226

227 Rainfall in Inches Central Illinois PFR BECK S Row Width & Population Study - Continued $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Soybean Economic Optimum Population 15 in. Rows = $34.32/A. Advantage 75, , , , , ,000 Population Figure in. Rows 15 in. Rows Soybean Population Yield 15 in. Rows = +3.2 Advantage in. Rows 15 in. Rows 56 75, , , , , ,000 Population Figure 2. In 2014, soybean yields ranged about 5 Bu./A between the various seeding rates in both 30 in. and 15 in. row platforms. Overall, 15 inch rows on average out-yielded the 30 inch rows, but only by 1.1 Over the past 8 eight years, 15 inch rows have performed 3.2 better than 30 in. rows, as illustrated in Figure 1. Since 2007, this yield advantage has offered +$34.32/A. higher returns than the 30 inch row widths. Figure 2 reveals economic optimum seeding rates for both row widths. Since 2007, 15 inch rows have proved to achieve highest overall net returns when planted at only 100,000 seeds/a., while 30 inch rows did best at 125,000 seeds/a. over the same time period. 227

228 Central Illinois PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Planting Date Study PLANTED: Various PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 24, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 165,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: ROWS: Four 30" Rows Post: 5 oz. Verdict 1 qt. Durango INSECTICIDE: Escalate When should I start planting soybeans? In the spring this is a question that we hear quite often. At each of the five PFR sites, we perform a planting date study to see when that optimum time to plant was each year. The goal of this study is to gather several years of data to help our customers narrow down the optimum planting time for soybeans. Brand & Planting Date Bushels Yield Loss BECK 278R4 2nd Week April rd Week April th Week April nd Week May rd Week May th Week May st Week June rd Week June BECK 358R4 * 2nd Week April rd Week April th Week April nd Week May rd Week May th Week May st Week June rd Week June * corrected to 13% moisture nd Week April 2014 Soybean Planting Date Average Yield BECK 278R4 * & BECK 358R4 * 3rd Week April 4th Week April 2nd Week May 3rd Week May 4th Week May 1st Week June 3rd Week June Planting Date 228 Figure 1.

229 Rainfall in Inches Central Illinois PFR BECK S Planting Date Study - Continued st Week Apr 2nd Week Apr 3rd Week Apr Soybean Planting Dates 4th Week Apr 1st Week May 2nd Week May 3rd Week May 4th Week May Planting Date 1st Week June 2nd Week June 3rd Week June 4th Week June 1st Week July 3rd Week July Figure 2. The highest yielding week in this year s planting date study (Figure 1) was the 4th week of April, but as we look across the entire graph there is not much variation throughout the entire study. Substantial yield losses did not occur until the end of May. Figure 2 depicts long-term average yields of soybean planting dates from From the first week of April to the last week of May, the difference between the highest average yield to lowest average yield is only 4.4 This suggests that there is a fairly large timeframe in which soybeans can be planted without sacrificing yield. Once planting is delayed into June, however, yield can take a major hit. Nine-year yield data indicates that late planting after the first week of June decreases yield by -5.3 per week. 229

230 Central Illinois PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Foliar Fungicide/Insecticide Study PLANTED: May 20, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 11, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 165,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: ROWS: Six 30" Rows Post: 5 oz. Verdict 24 oz. Durango REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 294NR * Beck s Hybrids Practical Farm Research conducted its 6th year of soybean fungicide timing research in These fungicide trials were developed to analyze the performance of soybean fungicides at various growth stages of R2 through R5. Weather data is a unique aspect to this research study, as climatic variables such as leaf wetness, humidity, temperature, and rainfall are all collected using a weather station. Leaf wetness sensors calculate the amount of time during a 24 hour period when soybean leaves have high amounts of moisture. This high amount of moisture could indicate that the environment could be adequate for the development and spread of leaf diseases, which could then lead to yield loss. This could lead to an important determination of whether to apply a fungicide treatment to prevent soybean yield losses. One of the motives of this study is developing an agronomic model to determine when or if, a producer should spray a soybean fungicide. This model could use leaf wetness values to forecast when conditions may be favorable for the development of disease, which would then lead to the recommendation to apply a fungicide. Priaxor is a fungicide released from BASF in 2012 that contains the same active ingredient in Headline fungicide, as well as Xemium, a new carboxamide class of fungicide that inhibits spore growth. Priaxor is a 2:1 ratio of Headline and Xemium. In addition to fungicide performance, this study will also evaluate the effectiveness of adding a foliar insecticide as a tankmix partner. Fastac contains the active ingredient alpha-cypermethrin and targets the nerve impulses of insects, which leads to effective control. Fastac insecticide controls a broad spectrum of piercing, sucking and chewing pests, including aphids, corn rootworm beetles and stink bugs. It s also a very affordable insecticide, costing only $2.93/A. Treatment Growth Stage Leaf Wetness Diff. Insecticide Bu./A Net Return ROI Insecticide ROI Control $ oz. Priaxor R $ $ oz. Priaxor oz. Fastac $ $ $6.29 Control $ oz. Priaxor R $ $ oz. Priaxor oz. Fastac $ $ $4.05 Control $ oz. Priaxor R $ $ oz. Priaxor oz. Fastac $ $ $12.75 Control $ oz. Priaxor R $ $ oz. Priaxor oz. Fastac $ $ $10.51 Control $ oz. Priaxor R $ $ oz. Priaxor oz. Fastac $ $ $9.39 Control $ oz. Priaxor R $ $ oz. Priaxor oz. Fastac $ $ $22.83 AVERAGE $ $7.52 * corrected to 13% moisture. $16.97/A. Priaxor, $2.93/A. Fastac, $6.00/A. application cost. 230

231 Rainfall in Inches Central Illinois PFR BECK S Foliar Fungicide/Insecticide Study - Continued Average Leaf Wetness Hours/Day Leaf Wetness Data R2 R3 R4 R5 Growth Stage Yield Increase Leaf Wetness Yield Break-even = 2.1 Average Leaf Wetness Hours/Day Leaf Wetness Data R2 R3 R4 R5 Growth Stage Yield Increase Leaf Wetness Yield 6 Year Average Break-even = 2.1 Figure 1. Figure 2. Fastac insecticide applications offered average yield gains near 1 when tankmixed with Priaxor fungicide. Yield gains were realized starting at the R3 growth stage and continued through R5. Fastac incurred average positive net returns of $7.52/A. Applications of Priaxor on soybeans averaged 2.9 yield gains with the R3 growth stage offering the highest yield advantage of 3.8 and average net returns of $21.27/A. It was interesting to note that every fungicide application did in fact offer a yield gain to some degree. Figure 1 illustrates the performance of Priaxor fungicide treatments at growth stages R2-R5, as well as the corresponding leaf wetness value for that same treatment period. R2 timings revealed beginning leaf wetness values of 5.3 hours of leaf wetness /day, while each additional growth stage proved to only decrease in wetness each week. The highest yields were associated from Priaxor fungicide treatments when leaf wetness values were four or more hours of leaf wetness/day. As leaf wetness dropped under four hours/day, so did yield response from fungicide. Figure 2 illustrates the six-year data we have collected thus far representing leaf wetness values and how they correlate to yield gains from soybean fungicides. These results were collected from Beck s PFR locations as well as through the PFR Partners Program where growers participated with fungicide and leaf wetness testing on their own farms. This multi-year data suggests highest yield increases from soybean fungicide at growth stages R2-R3, but more interesting is the fact that during this time period leaf wetness values were at their highest levels. From 2009 to 2014, the average break-even price for soybean fungicides was 2.1 when we consider the average price of soybeans, the cost of fungicide, and application associated from it. This break-even price could suggest a forecast model that might suggest soybean fungicide applications offer highest yield benefit when leaf wetness values are near five hours/day. To build an effective and predictive agronomic model, many years of research would have to be collected and analyzed. Until a larger database is collected, leaf wetness economic thresholds are moving averages. These moving averages make it difficult to determine not only current leaf wetness levels, but maybe more importantly how it relates to temperature and rainfall moving averages and how they correspond to each other. This trial simulation may never be a consistent tool to make an agronomic model, but hopefully will serve as a useful way to analyze current weather variables and possibly serve as a guideline to accurately observe overall crop conditions. By gaining more information from trials such as this, we can educate ourselves over time about how the relationships differ from multiple variables such as climatic data and yield response to soybean fungicides. In conclusion, more research needs to be done to fully realize the correlation, between leaf diseases, weather data, and fungicide yield response. This study in Beck s Practical Farm Research shows that work is being evaluated to determine the value and economics of soybean fungicide applications. 231

232 Central Illinois PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Stratego YLD & Leverage Study PLANTED: May 23, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 11, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 165,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 5 oz. Verdict ROWS: Four 30" Rows Post: 22 oz. Liberty REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 313NL This study evaluates tank mix applications of Stratego YLD fungicide and Leverage insecticide on BECK 313NL. Stratego YLD is registered for corn and soybeans, featuring the latest in triazole technology. Offering two different modes of action, it provides both preventive and curative activities along with the improved surface coverage and systemic movement to provide broad-spectrum, long-lasting disease control and higher yield potential. Leverage contains Imidacloprid (the active ingredient in Gaucho) and Cyfluthrin (the active ingredient in Baythroid). Applications were made at R2 growth stages. Treatment Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment Control $ oz. Stratego YLD oz. R $ $ oz. Stratego R $ $24.01 corrected to 13% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $11.20/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $11.20/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $20.39/A. Stratego YLD, $6.18/A. Leverage and $6.00 application cost. Return on Investment $50.00 $40.00 $30.00 $20.00 $10.00 $ Year Summary Stratego YLD & Leverage Figure 1. For the 2014 growing season, the application of Stratego YLD + Leverage at the R2 growth stage offered a yield increase of 6.4 This yield advantage equated to a return on investment of $39.11/A. Stratego YLD treatments without insecticide offered a yield advantage of 4.5 and a return on investment of $24.01/A. Figure 1 illustrates three-year data from Central Illinois PFR and suggests an average yield increase of 5 and a return on investment of $25.29/A. from Stratego YLD and Leverage treatments. 232

233 Rainfall in Inches Central Illinois PFR BECK S In-Furrow Fungicide Study PLANTED: May 23, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 11, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 165,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: ROWS: Eight 30" Rows Post: 8 oz. Verdict 1 qt. Durango REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 294NR * To evaluate the use of Priaxor and Headline EC liquid fungicides as in-furrow at-plant treatments through seed firmers. Treatment Formulation Base Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment Control $ oz. Planting Water $ $ oz. Headline Planting Oil $ $13.57 * corrected to 13% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $11.20/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $11.20/Bu. minus treatment cost. $16.97/A. Priaxor. $19.17/A. Headline EC. Both fungicides at planting increased average yields by 0.8 However, the yield increase was not enough to show a positive return on investment. This is our first year of testing Priaxor and Headline in-furrow on soybeans at the Central Illinois PFR Center. We look forward to additional trials in the future to analyze any potential of in-furrow fungicides in soybeans Soybean Show Plot at the Central Illinois Field Show 233

234 Central Illinois PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S UnderCOVER Fungicide/Nutritional Study PLANTED: May 23, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 11, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 165,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: ROWS: Eight 30" Rows Post: 5 oz. Verdict 22 oz. Liberty REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 298L4 This first year study evaluates the use of the 360 UnderCOVER system (Photo 1). This technology allows the operator to deliver inner-canopy coverage for a wider window of crop applications with various liquid sprays such as fungicides, insecticides, or nutritional products. The 360 UnderCOVER systems mount to an existing 360 YDrop and each unit operates up to six multidirectional spray nozzles in a hard shelled housing. This gives the ability to spray product upward to allow for upper and lower leaf coverage within the plant canopy. This trial evaluates traditional over-the-top ground applications compared to 360 UnderCOVER inner-canopy applications of Priaxor fungicide and liquid fertilizer on BECK 294L4 at the R3 growth stage. Brand Bushels Diff. 360 UnderCOVER Advantage Net^ Return Return on Investment 360 UnderCOVER Advantage Control $ oz. R3 Over-the-top $ $ oz. R3 UnderCOVER 4 oz. Priaxor + 2 gal. R3 Over-the-top 4 oz. Priaxor + 2 gal. R3 UnderCOVER $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $25.76 AVERAGE $ $13.47 corrected to 13% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $11.20/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $11.20/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $16.97/A. Priaxor. $10.00/A , and $6.00/A. application charge. In regard to applications of Priaxor fungicide, 360 UnderCOVERs performed 1.7 better than traditional over the top foliar treatments with additional net returns of $19.04/A. UnderCOVER inner canopy treatments actually doubled the yield response of over the top spray applications. Traditional over the top foliar treatments of fungicide realized 1.7 yield gains, but failed to be profitable after the cost of product and application. From a nutritional aspect, applications of and fungicide contributed to overall average yield gains of 4.9 with net returns of $21.35/A. More importantly, added an addtional 2.3 and $15.76/A. positive returns above stand-alone fungicide treatments. UnderCOVER nutritional applications resulted in improved yield gains of 2.3 compared to traditional over-the-top foliar treatments. This yield response equated to additional net returns of $25.76/A. More evaluations need to be completed with 360 UnderCOVERs, but data in this particular study looks very promising for these type of applications in soybeans. As we study more treatments and evaluate different foliar products, it will be interesting to see how upper and lower leaf penetration could offer the ability to increase soybean yields. Watch 360 UnderCOVER technology in action spraying fungicides at 234

235 Rainfall in Inches Central Illinois PFR BECK S Nematode Seed Treatment Study PLANTED: May 20, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 12, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 165,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: ROWS: Four 30" Rows Post: 5 oz. Verdict 1 qt. Durango REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 335NR * To evaluate different forms of seed treatments available on soybeans that offer protection against soybean cyst nematode. The following treatments were used in this study: Clariva, a proprietary seed treatment nematicide, is based on the Pasteuria technology which consists of naturally occurring soil bacteria with a unique, direct mode of action on nematodes including microscopic worm-shaped soil organisms which cause significant damage to all major agricultural crops. Poncho /VOTiVO seed treatment protects young plants from pests during critical early development stages, leading to healthier root development and stronger stands. Applied directly to the seed, Poncho/VOTiVO protects the whole plant, above and below ground, preventing damage to early-season seedlings and roots before pests can strike. Poncho/VOTiVO employs a biological mode of action with a unique bacteria strain that lives and grows with young roots, creating a living barrier that prevents nematodes from causing damage. It also has a systemic agent that is absorbed by new roots immediately, providing control of many critical earlyseason insect pests. This dual protection results in healthier plant establishment and a more uniform crop, positively impacting yields. Treatment Bushels Gross^ Return $/A. SCN Egg Count Escalate (Control) $ Escalate + Poncho/VOTiVO $ $ Clariva Complete $ $ * corrected to 13% moisture. ^Gross return is x $4.15/Bu. $/A. difference is difference x $4.15/Bu. Soybean Cyst Nematode testing revealed average egg counts to be at the highest levels in the control. As we looked at nematode control products, the egg counts were reduced by 21%-33%. However, even though egg counts were reduced in VOTiVO treatments, no yield gain was realized. Clariva Complete treatments not only provided lower soybean cyst nematode egg counts of 30% less, but also offered yield gains of 2.9 This yield gain equated to additional returns of over $32.48/A. This study was also conducted at Beck s four other PFR locations, and the multi-location data can be found on pages

236 Central Illinois PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Sudden Death Syndrome Study PLANTED: May 22, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 24, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 165,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: ROWS: Four 30" Rows Post: 5 oz. Verdict 1 qt. Durango PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 241NR * This study evaluates an experimental seed treatment from Bayer Crop Science called ILeVO. This seed treatment has been designed to offer protection against Sudden Death Syndrome (SDS) in soybeans. SDS is the common name for a root-rot of soybeans caused by the fungus Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines. ILeVO has the same active ingredient of experimental 1940A, which has been used for the past three years. Planting Date Bushels Poncho/VOTiVO + Fungicide (Control) oz. ILeVO * corrected to 13% moisture SDS Treatment Summary Yield Advantage Year Avg. Yield Increase Crop Year Figure 1. In what we would consider an area of low SDS pressure in 2014, ILeVO offered a yield increase of 5.7 Figure 1 represents the past four years of data with an average yield advantage of 2.2 This trial is an excellent example of extensive evaluation of a new product through Beck s Practical Farm Research Program before it becomes commercially available. As this seed treatment is placed in areas of higher SDS pressure, we look forward to seeing additional yield advantages from this product. In 2015, Beck s Hybrids will be looking for PFR Partners that would be willing to test ILeVO on their farms. If you are interested in this trial, please contact your local PFR Director for more information. 236

HERBICIDE: Pre: 5 oz. Verdict ROWS: Four 30" Rows Post: 24 oz.

237 Rainfall in Inches Central Illinois PFR BECK S Defoliation Demo PLANTED: May 5, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 24, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 165,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 5 oz. Verdict ROWS: Four 30" Rows Post: 24 oz. Durango REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 335NR * To manually remove both cotyledons and unifoliates on soybeans at the VC growth stage (Photo 1). This study is intended to monitor yield loss in the event that cotyledons or unifoliates are damaged or removed, simulating conditions similar to hail damage. Nutrients and food reserves in the cotyledons supply the needs of young soybean plants during emergence and for about 7-10 days after. Cotyledons are the first photosynthetic organs of a soybean seedling and are a major contributor to seedling growth. Unlike corn, where the growing point is protected under the soil surface for weeks after planting, the soybeans growing point is located between the two cotyledons and moves above the soil surface right at seedling emergence. This makes the soybean plant susceptible to damage such as hail, frost, insects, or anything that can cut the plant off below the cotyledons. The loss of just one cotyledon has little effect on growth rate, but losing both at emergence, or soon after, can significantly reduce yields. Photo 1. VC Growth Stage Damage Bushels Yield Loss Gross^ Return $/A. Control $ Cotyledon Removal % $ $52.64 Unifoliate and Cotyledon Removal % $ $ * corrected to 13% moisture. ^Gross return is x $4.15/Bu. $/A. difference is difference x $4.15/Bu. Removing both cotyledons of soybean seedlings caused yield damage of -4.7, or 5.9% losses. This type of damage equated to economic losses of over $50.00/A. Removing both cotyledons and unifoliates cause even higher damages of -9 or -11.2% losses. Economic losses in this simulation reached over $100.00/A. Photo 2 shows Central Illinois PFR interns Mark Plunk, Erin Heidrick, Will Hogan and Guy Hainline conducting manual cotyledon and unifoliate damage in this study at the VC growth stage. Photo 2. PFR interns conducted manual defoliation. 237

238 Central Illinois PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Optimize Study PLANTED: May 20, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 11, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 150,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: ROWS: Four 30" Rows Post: 5 oz. Verdict 1 qt. Durango REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 335NR * Purpose: Optimize is a unique seed-applied product that enhances natural growth processes, essentially enabling soybeans to achieve full genetic potential by maximizing crop performance all season long. Optimize contains a Bradyrhizobium japonicum innoculant along with a LCO Promoter Technology : a naturally occurring molecule (Lipo-chitooligosaccharide) that advances both root and shoot development and improves plant health independent of soil conditions. This results in healthier soybean plants that can withstand environmental stresses throughout the season. Treatment Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment Escalate $ Optimize $ $21.76 * corrected to 13% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $11.20/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $11.20/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $4.00/A. Optimize, no application cost. $25.00 $ CILPFR Optimize Summary +$10.35/A. Average Return/A. $15.00 $10.00 $5.00 $ Crop Year Figure 1. Eleven-year data in Figure 1 suggests that Optimize has offered yield increases of 1.5 with average net returns of $10.35/A. At Beck s Central Illinois PFR, we have had consistent results with Optimize increasing yields and profitability. There has not been one year in eleven years of studies where Optimize has not shown a positive return on investment. 238

seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: ROWS: Eight 30" Rows Post: 8 oz. Verdict 22 oz.

foliar application or in row starter/sidedress application. Versa Max is designed for use in both corn and soybeans, and is intended to be used as a supplement to a standard fertility program.

stress and increase potential for maximum genetic expression.

239 Rainfall in Inches Central Illinois PFR BECK S Versa Max Soybean Study PLANTED: May 23, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 11, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 165,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: ROWS: Eight 30" Rows Post: 8 oz. Verdict 22 oz. Liberty REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 354L4 This study evaluates applications of Versa Max, a mixture of macro and micronutrients that can be applied as a foliar application or in row starter/sidedress application. Versa Max is designed for use in both corn and soybeans, and is intended to be used as a supplement to a standard fertility program. Versa Max will improve plant health by providing efficient delivery of nitrogen (N) and other essential nutrients (S, Fe, Mn and Zn) as part of a total fertility program that will decrease plant stress and increase potential for maximum genetic expression. Versa Max also has ingredients in the formulation that enhance the spray tank mix compatibility and spray humectancy to provide improved nutrient uptake. Treatment Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment Control $ qt. Versa Max R $ $12.04 corrected to 13% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $11.20/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $11.20/Bu. minus treatment cost. $5.88/A. Versa Max Soybean. Four-Year Versa Max Soybean Yield Data Four-Year Versa Max Soybean ROI Data Yield Average increase Return on Investment/A. $20 $15 $10 $5 $0 $14.04/A. Average ROI Figure 1. Figure 2. Versa Max worked well for us again in the 2014 growing season. Versa Max offered a yield benefit of 1.6 and a return on investment of $12.04/A. Figures 1 and 2 illustrate four-year average results for Versa Max Soybean, suggesting an average yield increase of 1.7 along with an average return on investment of $14.04/A. 239

240 Central Illinois PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Respire Study PLANTED: May 23, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 11, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 165,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: ROWS: Eight 30" Rows Post: 8 oz. Verdict 1 qt. Durango REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 335NR * Respire Foliar is a non-toxic liquid plant food containing micronutrients and biostimulants that promote efficient plant growth. Foliar applications boost plant respiration under drought stress or unfavorable weather conditions. Respire contains 7% nitrogen, chelated copper, iron, manganese, magnesium, zinc, sulfur, boron, molybdenum, humic acids, and liquid fermentation products such as vitamin-b complex. Treatment Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment Control $ oz. R $ $8.56 * corrected to 13% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $11.20/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $11.20/Bu. minus treatment cost. $6.00/A. Respire. $20.00 $18.00 $16.00 $14.00 $12.00 $10.00 $8.00 $6.00 $4.00 $2.00 $0.00 Two-Year Respire Foliar ROI Summary Avg.+$ Figure 1. In this second year study at Central Illinois PFR, Respire performed well with a yield increase of 1.3 which equates to a net advantage of $8.56/A. Two-year data shows an average yield gain of 1.6 and a return on investment of $13.30/A. 240

The start of the 2014 season occurred on October 14, 2013, with the drilling of winter wheat. Cooler temperatures followed and fall wheat herbicide applications were made on December 3rd.

241 The start of the 2014 season occurred on October 14, 2013, with the drilling of winter wheat. Cooler temperatures followed and fall wheat herbicide applications were made on December 3rd. The winter of 2013 brought about some of the snowiest and coldest temperatures on record. With frigid temperatures still hanging around in late winter/early spring, many farmers in the area voiced concerns about wheat survival. Some farmers even experienced winterkill where snowfall had not protected the dormant crop from the harsh conditions. Fortunately, our wheat crop survived and we made Feekes 3 topdress applications on February 26th. The month of March proved to be relatively dry with only.92 inches of total rainfall. April on the other hand, brought on much more rainfall and caused Feekes 5 topdress applications to be difficult, but they were completed on April 12th. Jonathan Perkins, CCA SILPFR Director Larry Uthell SILPFR Assistant Spring field activity began for us with tillage on April 21st, followed by the first corn planting date on the 22nd. We were able to plant three more corn studies on the 23rd and 24th, along with spring herbicide applications on wheat. Since late winter/early spring had been fairly cool, we did not have much winter annual weed pressure until late April. We were able to get back into the field with spring burndown applications on April 26th. Another 2.32 inches of rain followed, bringing our April rainfall total to 7.5 inches. As a result of late April s heavy rainfall, we did not get back into the fields until May 6th. The following day we were able to get the first soybeans planted for our planting date study. The 7th and 8th brought on the planting of four more corn studies until a.92 inch rainfall event took us out of the field once again. Another 2.38 inches of rainfall, along with cold temperatures in the upper 30 s around Mother s Day weekend, resulted in inconsistent germination, ponding, and poor stands in most of our corn studies. Our soybeans showed evidence of herbicide injury and disease caused by the cold, wet temperatures during germination and emergence. On May 22nd, we planted a third planting date for corn. This began our best stretch of the season as we were able to plant the majority of our corn and soybean studies in late May. Fungicide and insecticide applications were also made to wheat on the 24th and we finished up with planting both corn and soybeans on June 2nd. May rainfall totaled 3.73 inches. A late soybean planting date entry was put in, a corn study was replanted, and we began sidedressing corn all on June 7th. On June 9th we finished replanting our last soybean study. Sidedressing continued through late June. Post glyphosate applications began on corn on June 20th. The 27th of June allowed us to harvest wheat, and the last day of June wrapped up with a.07 inch rain bringing our June rainfall total to 3.73 inches. Double crop soybeans were planted on July 1st and the majority of post emergence herbicide applications on both corn and soybeans were complete in the first week of July. After post herbicide applications, preparation for the field show began. High clearance fungicide applications were made in late July and early August. The month of July only brought about 2.14 inches of rainfall. We continued preparing for field show in early August and had an even greater turnout than the 2013 Southern Illinois Field Show to view a crop looking just as great, if not better, than the one last year. Thanks to all of you that came out to see us on such a beautiful August day! After August rainfall totaling 3.86 inches and 2.75 inches in September, we seeded cover crops over the top of standing corn and soybeans on September 20th. This was immediately followed by.09 inch rain that night. Harvest began on September 19th with the shelling of our first planting date corn entry and continued until October 30th. The majority of the corn on the farm was shelled between October 17th and October 30th. Soybean harvest began on October 1st on our first planting date and was complete by the 24th of October. Throughout harvest, conditions were not conducive for corn to dry down in the field. As a result, the majority of corn on the farm was harvested between 25 and 30 percent moisture. Like 2013, corn yields for most plots were right around the 200 range and soybean yields were closer to average at in most studies. Unfortunately, double crop studies were not consistent enough to provide quality data this season. Overall, considering the cool, wet conditions we experienced this season, our yields were very representative of the immediate geography. We look forward to sharing this great information with you this winter. As always, we are glad to represent some of the more challenging soils of Illinois and welcome thoughts or ideas on ways that we can help you to increase your bottom line! 241

Southern Illinois PFR Rainfall in Inches 7.50 3.73 5.16 2.14 3.86 22.

242 Southern Illinois PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Corn Show Plot PLANTED: May 23, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: Various TILLAGE: Fall Disk Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 33,674 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 16 oz. Verdict, 1 qt. Atrazine 4L, 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX ROWS: Four 30" Rows Post: 48 oz. Generic Glyphosate INSECTICIDE: Escalate, Force 3G Brand Test Weight Bushels Harvest Population BECK 5509VR ,000 BECK EX 1423 (6158 Genetics) * ,000 BECK 5828AM * ,500 BECK 6626AM-R * ,000 BECK EX 2425 (6873 Genetics) * ,500 Phoenix 5832A3 ** ,000 BECK EX 1434 (6365 Genetics) * ,500 BECK 6272AM-R * ,500 BECK 6778AM * ,000 BECK EX 1473 (5852 Genetics) ,000 BECK 6575HR * ,500 BECK 6948A ,500 BECK EX 1420 (5939 Genetics) * ,000 BECK 6348A ,500 BECK EX 8361 (6347 Genetics) ,500 BECK 6175AM * ,000 BECK 6372wx ,000 Phoenix 5842EZ ** ,500 Phoenix 6542A4 ** ,000 Phoenix 5552EZ ** ,500 BECK 5475AMX * ,500 AVERAGE ,643 * ** Phoenix brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. Phoenix is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. Bu/A. and test weight corrected to 15% moisture. 242

243 Rainfall in Inches Southern Illinois PFR BECK S 300 Bushel Attempt PLANTED: May 23, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 27, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Disk Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 33,674 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 16 oz. Verdict, 1 qt. Atrazine 4L, 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX ROWS: Eight 30" Rows Post: 48 oz. Generic Glyphosate REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate, Force 3G This study is set up to break the 300 yield level by using a kitchen sink approach of products with proven benefits on this farm compared to a control of the same hybrids. Practices include using 100 lb. of nitrogen in the form of SuperU preplant incorporated, 1 gal. of Organo Liquid Hume, 8 oz. of Ultra-Che Zinc 9% EDTA, 6 oz. Ascend, 8 oz. Capture LFR, and 5 gal. of Nachurs W18( ) as an in-furrow application along with 10 gal. of 28% placed 2x2 at planting. We followed that up with a V5 sidedress application of 60 lb. of nitrogen in the form of UAN and another 60 lb. of nitrogen at V12 with a Hagie NTB. Fungicide applications of 4 oz. Priaxor at the V5 growth stage and 10 oz. Headline AMP at the VT growth stage were also made. Brand Test Weight Bushels Net^ Return 300 Bushel Recipe ROI CONTROL Phoenix 6542A4 ** $ BECK 5509A $ BECK 6967VR $ BECK 5828AM * $ BECK EX 8361 (6347 Genetics) $ BECK EX 1434 (6365 Genetics) * $ AVERAGE $ BUSHEL ATTEMPT Phoenix 6542A4 ** $ $64.94 BECK 5509A $ $ BECK 6967VR $ $9.34 BECK 5828AM * $ $57.06 BECK EX 8361 (6347 Genetics) $ $ BECK EX 1434 (6365 Genetics) * $ $65.78 AVERAGE $ $70.55 * ** Phoenix brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. Phoenix is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. Bu/A. and test weight corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. We were finally able to get planted after early wet conditions let up around the end of May. With a good setup in place and ample moisture early, the 300 bushel plot was one of the best looking plots on the farm. However, unseasonably cool weather and lack of adequate rainfall gave us a reality check. Unfortunately, during the ever so important month of July, mother nature threw us a curveball. With a dry spell in late July during and after pollination, the top end was not achieved. Phoenix 6542A4 ** was an exceptional hybrid for us this year and gave us the highest yield of across two replications. Overall, our high yield program averaged 23.1 over our control, which is a big plus for yields! We look forward to another attempt next year, and encourage you to try a 300 bushel attempt on your own farm and share your story with us! EXTRA TREATMENT COSTS ABOVE NORMAL SILPFR PROGRAM HIGH LEVEL PROGRAM COST/A. 1 gal. Organo Liquid Hume $ oz. Ultra-Che Zinc 9% EDTA $ oz. Ascend $ oz. Capture LFR $ gal. NACHURS W18 $ oz. Priaxor $ oz. Headline AMP $20.32 High Clearance Nitrogen Bar $9.00 High Clearance Spray $ lb. Additional Nitrogen $34.43 TOTAL $

244 Southern Illinois PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Fungicide Timing Study Corn After Corn PLANTED: May 26, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 28, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall No-Till, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 33,674 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Burndown: 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX ROWS: Four 30" Rows Pre: 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX, 1 qt. Atrazine 4L, 16 oz. Verdict REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) Post: 48 oz. Generic Glyphosate INSECTICIDE: Escalate, Force 3G This study was designed to evaluate the performance of foliar fungicides on corn at various timings. Three treatments were compared to an untreated control: a single application of 4 oz. of Priaxor applied at V5; a two-pass program of 4 oz. of Priaxor applied at V5 followed by 10 oz. of Headline AMP at VT; and a single application of 10 oz. of Headline AMP applied at the VT growth stage. Three hybrids representing the three levels of hybrid response (high, medium and low) were used to evaluate if the optimum timing of application is affected by hybrid susceptibility. Bushels Treatment Cost Net^ Return Return on Investment Brand & Treatment PHOENIX 5832A3 ** - LOW RESPONSE Control $0.00 $ oz. V $16.97 $ $ oz. V oz. Headline VT $38.28 $ $ oz. Headline VT $21.31 $ $20.19 AVERAGE $ $16.42 BECK 5828AM * - MEDIUM RESPONSE Control $0.00 $ oz. V $16.97 $ $ oz. V oz. Headline VT $38.28 $ $ oz. Headline VT $21.31 $ $66.01 AVERAGE $ $48.84 BECK 5509A3 - HIGH RESPONSE Control $0.00 $ oz. V $16.97 $ $ oz. V oz. Headline VT $38.28 $ $ oz. Headline VT $21.31 $ $10.74 AVERAGE $ $23.64 TREATMENT SUMMARY Control $0.00 $ oz. V $16.97 $ $ oz. V oz. Headline VT $38.28 $ $ oz. Headline VT $21.31 $ $18.85 AVERAGE $ $18.69 * ** Phoenix brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. Phoenix is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $543.00/gal. Priaxor, $260.00/gal. Headline AMP, $6.00/A. ground application charge. $7.00 high clearance application charge on VT and $0.04/point drying cost. Here at the SILPFR farm, we are evaluating a corn after corn rotation compared to a corn after soybean rotation with our fungicide timing study to evaluate disease pressures and responses in both of these environments. Early in the season cool, wet conditions favored the development of diseases like Anthracnose leaf blight, especially in our corn on corn studies. With the weather in the month of July bringing only small amounts of rainfall this season, foliar disease pressure was almost non-existent when VT fungicide applications were made. Late season northern corn leaf blight set in around the middle of August, but only on a small scale. Results from the corn after corn section of the study this year show a strong advantage to fungicide application on the low response hybrid (Phoenix 5832A3 ** ) across all treatments, with the highest yield response and return on investment coming from the single VT application. The average of the V5 applications across all three hybrids came in at -0.4, which was the only negative out of the fungicides applied. Both the single application at VT and combination application of V5 & VT proved to increase yield, but did not justify the cost. For multi-location information on this study, please reference pages

245 Rainfall in Inches Southern Illinois PFR BECK S Fungicide Timing Study Corn after Soybeans PLANTED: May 26, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Double Crop Soybeans HARVESTED: October 29, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Disk Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 33,674 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Burndown: 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX ROWS: Four 30" Rows Pre: 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX, 1 qt. Atrazine 4L, 16 oz. Verdict REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) Post: 48 oz. Generic Glyphosate INSECTICIDE: Escalate, Force 3G This study was designed to evaluate the performance of foliar fungicides on corn at various timings. Three treatments were compared to an untreated control: a single application of 4 oz. of Priaxor applied at V5; a two-pass program of 4 oz. of Priaxor applied at V5 followed by 10 oz. of Headline AMP at VT; and a single application of 10 oz. of Headline AMP applied at the VT growth stage. Three hybrids representing the three levels of hybrid response (high, medium and low) were used to evaluate if the optimum timing of application is affected by hybrid susceptibility. Brand & Treatment Bushels Treatment Cost Net^ Return Return on Investment PHOENIX 5832A3 ** - LOW RESPONSE Control $0.00 $ oz. V $16.97 $ $ oz. V oz. Headline VT $38.28 $ $ oz. Headline VT $21.31 $ $38.58 AVERAGE $ $19.48 BECK 5828AM * - MEDIUM RESPONSE Control $0.00 $ oz. V $16.97 $ $ oz. V oz. Headline VT $38.28 $ $ oz. Headline VT $21.31 $ $80.67 AVERAGE $ $53.62 BECK 5509A3 - HIGH RESPONSE Control $0.00 $ oz. V $16.97 $ $ oz. V oz. Headline VT $38.28 $ $ oz. Headline VT $21.31 $ $38.36 AVERAGE $ $20.57 TREATMENT SUMMARY Control $0.00 $ oz. V $16.97 $ $ oz. V oz. Headline VT $38.28 $ $ oz. Headline VT $21.31 $ $1.24 AVERAGE $ $4.52 * ** Phoenix brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. Phoenix is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $543.00/gal. Priaxor, $260.00/gal. Headline AMP, $7.00 high clearance application charge on VT and $0.04/point drying cost. Unlike the corn after corn fungicide timing study, the high response hybrid (BECK 5509A3) showed the most benefit from fungicide applications. Over the average of all three fungicide treatments it showed a 17.8 advantage and resulted in a $20.57/A. ROI. Similar to the corn after corn fungicide timing study, the low response hybrid (Phoenix 5832A3 ** ) showed a positive difference and a positive ROI across all three fungicide treatments. The medium response hybrid (BECK 5828AM * ) was the only hybrid in the corn after soybean study that did not turn a profit with any fungicide application. The summary of all fungicide treatments showed a yield advantage, with the highest yields coming from the combination treatment. The highest ROI came from the sole VT application. However, none of the treatments justified the cost of application. For multi-location information on this study, please reference pages

246 Southern Illinois PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S VT Fungicide Study PLANTED: May 28, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Double Crop Soybeans HARVESTED: October 27, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Disk Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 33,674 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX, 1 qt. Atrazine 4L, 16 oz. Verdict ROWS: Four 30" Rows Post: 48 oz. Generic Glyphosate REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate, Force 3G This study evaluates hybrid specific response to fungicide applications. Eight corn hybrids were compared with and without Headline AMP fungicide ground applied at full tassel (VT). Brand Bushels Yield Advantage vs. Untreated Net^ Return Return on Investment BECK 5475AMX * 10 oz. Headline VT $ $14.43 Untreated $ BECK EX 1420 (5939 Genetics) * 10 oz. Headline VT $ $28.13 Untreated $ Phoenix 5552EZ ** 10 oz. Headline VT $ $13.57 Untreated $ BECK 6175AM * 10 oz. Headline VT $ $17.41 Untreated $ BECK 6272AM-R * 10 oz. Headline VT $ $11.35 Untreated $ BECK EX 1434 (6365 Genetics) * 10 oz. Headline VT $ $30.31 Untreated $ BECK 6626AM-R * 10 oz. Headline VT $ $14.95 Untreated $ BECK 6948A3 10 oz. Headline VT $ $51.83 Untreated $ AVERAGE $ $11.27 * ** Phoenix brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. Phoenix is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. Bu/A. corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $260.00/gal. Headline AMP, $7.00 high clearance application charge and $0.04/point drying cost. After experiencing a growing season filled with ample moisture and cool conditions, many planes were seen flying across corn fields in the area applying fungicide. That being said, disease pressure remained fairly low until early August, when some northern corn leaf blight showed up after fungicide applications were made. The results of this year s study showed an overall yield advantage to fungicide applications of 5.6 across the eight hybrids tested, but did not justify the cost. Individual hybrid advantages were seen with BECK 6626AM-R * showing the highest response at 14.8 over the untreated control. Phoenix 5552EZ ** and BECK 6175AM * both had solid gains as well, and only these three hybrids showed a positive ROI. For more information on this study from multiple locations, please look at page

Rainfall in Inches 7.50 3.73 5.16 2.14 3.86 22.

seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Burndown: 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX ROWS: Eight 30" Rows Pre: 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX, 1 qt. Atrazine 4L, 16 oz. Verdict REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) Post: 48 oz.

247 Rainfall in Inches Southern Illinois PFR BECK S Headline EC In-Furrow Study PLANTED: May 27, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 25, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall No-Till, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 33,674 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Burndown: 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX ROWS: Eight 30" Rows Pre: 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX, 1 qt. Atrazine 4L, 16 oz. Verdict REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) Post: 48 oz. Generic Glyphosate INSECTICIDE: Escalate, Force 3G PRODUCT TESTED: Phoenix 5552EZ ** To evaluate the use of Headline EC as an in-furrow, at plant treatment through seed firmers. Applied in-furrow on corn, Headline fungicide helps control soil borne Rhizoctonia solani while providing plant health benefits; such as healthier, more vigorous roots. It also helps improve seedling health and allows for more rapid, uniform emergence especially under cold and wet conditions. In addition, the EC formulation can be tank-mixed with a liquid fertilizer for easy application. Sidedress Spacing Harvest Population Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment Control 34, $ oz. Headline EC 33, $ $2.93 ** Phoenix brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. Phoenix is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $409.00/gal. Headline EC. Two-Year Headline Two-Year Headline ROI 5.9 Average Bu.A. Increase Headline Treatment Return on Investment $35.00 $30.00 $25.00 $20.00 $15.00 $10.00 $5.00 $0.00 -$5.00 Headline Treatment $13.77/A. Average Figure 1. Figure 2. Cool, wet soil conditions experienced in the early part of the growing season proved to be handled better by the in-furrow fungicide application. Over a three rep average, the Headline treatment showed a yield advantage of 3.3 However, after adding the cost of treatment, there was a slight negative return on investment of $2.93/A. It is worth noting that no visual differences were evident throughout the season, as the in-furrow application is geared towards early season disease pressures. The two year results of this study reflect both a positive yield response and a positive return on investment. 247

Verdict, 1 qt. Atrazine 4L, 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX ROWS: Four 30" Rows Post: 48 oz.

248 Southern Illinois PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Planting Date Study PLANTED: Various PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: Various TILLAGE: Fall No-Till, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 31,700 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 16 oz. Verdict, 1 qt. Atrazine 4L, 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX ROWS: Four 30" Rows Post: 48 oz. Generic Glyphosate REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate To evaluate the performance of two hybrids planted on several dates throughout the growing season. The long term goal of this study is to gather several years of data to help our customers find the optimum planting date window for corn. Brand Planting Date Harvest Population Test Weight Bushels BECK 5828AM * April 22nd 24, BECK 6175AM * April 22nd 27, AVERAGE 25, BECK 5828AM * May 6th 24, BECK 6175AM * May 6th 19, AVERAGE 21, BECK 5828AM * May 22nd 29, BECK 6175AM * May 22nd 30, AVERAGE 29, BECK 5828AM * May 31st 29, BECK 6175AM * May 31st 32, AVERAGE 30, BECK 5828AM * June 17th 26, BECK 6175AM * June 17th 31, AVERAGE 28, * Bu/A. and test weight corrected to 15% moisture by Planting Date BECK 5828AM * BECK 6175AM * 50 0 April 22nd May 6th May 22nd May 31st June 17th Planting Date Figure

Rainfall in Inches 7.50 3.73 5.16 2.14 3.86 22.39 Southern Illinois PFR BECK S Planting Date Study - Continued Yield and Population of Mean 120% 105% 90% 75% 60% 45% 30% 83.

249 Rainfall in Inches Southern Illinois PFR BECK S Planting Date Study - Continued Yield and Population of Mean 120% 105% 90% 75% 60% 45% 30% 83.45% Corn Planting Dates Population line graph reflects the % of harvest population vs. seeds planted % % 98.74% April 15 - April 30 May 14 - May 28 May 29 - June 9 June 10 - June 25 Planting Dates Figure 2. With cool, wet conditions early in the season, our April 22nd and May 6th planting dates showed us the lowest yields out of the five entries. The May 6th planting date resulted in thin stands due to standing water and cold temperatures that occurred during germination. Much like other farmer s fields in the area planted in that time-frame, arrested coleoptile development occurred and large gaps in the row were seen as a result. The Escalate yield enhancement system did an excellent job protecting seedlings, but the less than ideal conditions caused lower populations. Better soil conditions at planting occurred in the May 22nd through June 17th dates, which clearly showed in the final yields. May 31st was our best yielding date with a two hybrid average of Two year data shows that the May date range has shown the highest yield and harvest populations, as indicated in Figure

250 Southern Illinois PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Replant Study PLANTED: Various PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: Various TILLAGE: Fall No-Till, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: Various HERBICIDE: Pre: 16 oz. Verdict, 1 qt. Atrazine 4L, 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX ROWS: Four 30" Rows Post: 48 oz. Generic Glyphosate REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate, Force 3G PRODUCTS TESTED: BECK 5828AM * & BECK 6175AM * (averaged) The decision to replant can be a tough one for growers. The purpose of this study is to evaluate corn stands and determine whether or not it is profitable to replant. This is done by evaluating the yield performance of corn planted at 20,000 seeds/a. with random spacing versus a more uniform 31,700 seeds./a. at various planting dates. Planting Date Planting Population Harvest Population Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment April 22nd (Normal 1st Planting) 31,700 25, $ April 22nd 20,000 17, $ May 6th (Replanted) 31,700 21, $ $91.88 May 6th 20,000 18, $ May 22nd (Replanted) 31,700 29, $ $ May 22nd 20,000 20, $ May 31st (Replanted) 31,700 30, $ $84.20 May 31st 20,000 19, $ June 17th (Replanted) 31,700 28, $ $79.06 * Bu/A. corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $25.00/A. replant cost. $0.04/point drying cost Two-Year SILPFR Replant Return/A. $/A. $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $75.00 $50.00 $25.00 $0.00 -$ $ $ $ May 1 - May 13 May 14 - May 28 May 29 - June 9 June 10 - June 25 Replanting Date Figure 1. With the cold, wet spring farmers in our area experienced this year, replanting was common. Two of our planting dates showed us higher yields and return on investment when the thinner stand was left and the field was not replanted. In the case of the May 31st planted corn, the BECK 6175AM *, which is a flex ear type, yielded over 200 with a final population of 19,000 plants/a. This was enough to out-yield the June 17th planting date by 7, which had a harvest population of 32,500 plants/a. This goes to show that, with the right hybrid and weather conditions, exceptional yields can be achieved even with less than ideal stands. Figure 1 illustrates our two year data for replanting. It shows that the end of May has the most return per acre for replanted corn, and that replanting is profitable from early May through early June. With weather being the major limiting factor of corn yields, further research on this study is needed to pinpoint if and when replanting corn stands is profitable. 250

251 Rainfall in Inches Southern Illinois PFR BECK S Planting Depth Study PLANTED: May 28, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: October 9, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall No-Till, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 33,674 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Burndown: 1 qt. Atrazine 4L, 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX, 16 oz. Verdict ROWS: Four 30" Rows Post: 48 oz. Generic Glyphosate, 1qt. Atrazine 4L REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate, Force 3G PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 5832A3 This study is designed to evaluate various planting depths of corn. Ten planting depths were chosen ranging from 0.5 to 2.75 inches. Planting Depth in Inches Harvest Population Test Weight Bushels Gross^ Return , $ , $ , $ , $ , $ (Control) 31, $ , $ , $ , $ , $ corrected to 15% moisture. ^Gross return is x $4.15/Bu in. is the standard planting depth used on the SILPFR farm and is used as the control of this study. With the numerous rains during the spring planting season, a few farmers in our area were considering decreasing their planting depth in an effort to plant in better seedbed conditions and in a timely manner. A local seed advisor brought this to our attention and inquired about planting a study to show differences in planting depth. In an effort to show effects of shallow planting, we planted a depth as shallow as 0.5 in. Our planter is set up with a Yetter spike and rubber closing wheel combination. Approximately 30%-40% of the seeds planted at the 0.5 in. and 0.75 in. depths were picked out of the seed trench by the spike closing wheels, resulting in poor stands and lower yields. Good seed placement started at 1.5 in. and continued through 2.75 in. With soil conditions being dry, we worked this plot more than we usually would have to promote soil crusting from a rain event. Within 72 hours of planting, we received 1.4 in. of rain. When the soil crusted, emergence across the entire study still occurred within a 24 hour time period. This could be due to the depths from 2 in. to 2.75 in. having adequate moisture at planting to help with Larry Uthell presenting the Planting Depth Study quicker germination. As the season progressed, the stalk diameter and root mass of the deeper planted corn was noticeably better. When drier conditions occurred later in the summer, the deeper planted corn showed less environmental stress, which was evident by less visible rolling of corn leaves. With all depths 1 inch and deeper showing yields above 200, the highest average yield came from the 2.5 in. depth. Planting depth is one of the variables that a farmer can control and maybe should consider placing more emphasis on. With every growing season being different, multi-year data is a goal that we are working to accomplish with this study. 251

252 Southern Illinois PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Nitrogen Timing Study PLANTED: May 28, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Double Crop Soybeans HARVESTED: October 20, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Disk Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 33,674 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX, 1 qt. Atrazine 4L, 16 oz. Verdict ROWS: Eight 30" Rows Post: 48 oz. Generic Glyphosate INSECTICIDE: Escalate, Force 3G PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 6175AM * When is the right time to apply my nitrogen? Should I use dry or liquid? These are two questions that get brought up every year. With this ongoing study, we are trying to provide a consistent answer to that question. Seven different treatments were done on this study that we feel are representative of our area. Application timings consist of preplant incorporated, 2x2 starter at planting and various sidedress programs. This study is designed to evaluate timing efficiencies, nitrogen loss and yield. The control in this study is the 100% preplant incorporated treatment. Nitrogen Timing Test Weight Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment 10 gal. 2x2 f/b Balance V $ $ % Preplant Incorporated UAN f/b 50% Sidedress V4-V5 75 lb. UAN V3 f/b Balance V10 10 gal. 2x2 UAN f/b Balance Sidedress V $ $ $ $ $ $ % Sidedress V $ $ % Preplant Incorporated UAN (Control) $ % Sidedress V $ $48.15 AVERAGE $ $49.50 * Bu/A. and test weight corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $0.71/lb. SuperU, $0.60/lb. UAN and $6.00/A. application cost (50% preplant/50% sidedress only). 252 Burn On the Edge of Corn Leaves from the Application of SuperU

00 $75.00 $50.00 $151.91 $178.37 $173.51 $94.19 $94.41 50% Nitrogen PPI UAN + 50% Sidedress UAN @ V4-V5 30 lb.

253 Rainfall in Inches Southern Illinois PFR BECK S Nitrogen Timing Study - Continued Two-Year SILPFR Nitrogen Timing Summary: Return Over 100% Preplant UAN Return on Investment $ $ $ $ $ $75.00 $50.00 $ $ $ $94.19 $ % Nitrogen PPI UAN + 50% Sidedress V4-V5 30 lb. Nitrogen 2x2 UAN + Sidedress V3 100% Sidedress V3 100% Sidedress V6 30 lb. Nitrogen 2x2 f/b Balance V6 $25.00 $0.00 Figure 1. Late season nitrogen applications were made with the above Hagie. Summary: The control, 180 lb. of nitrogen preplant incorporated, yielded a respectable The lowest yielding entry was the 100% sidedress treatment at V6. It was the only application that yielded less than the control and showed a negative return on investment when compared to the control. Observations from the cab supported this; we saw small ears produced by this treatment. This year, we added a Hagie high clearance nitrogen application at V10 to our treatments, as these are becoming more common in our area. Shortly after the V10 application we had less rainfall, which could have created a more challenging environment for nitrogen movement and uptake in the soil. One of the more interesting results this year was the broadcast application of SuperU at V6. The SuperU disappeared the day after the application was made with no rainfall and very little morning dew to incorporate it. Volatilization was a possible explanation for this, although it still was our highest yielding entry. The overall advantage to split applying nitrogen was $49.50/A. over the control. Multi-year data from this location shows all other applications to be more profitable than the 100% preplant treatment, as indicated in Figure 1. For multi-location data on nitrogen timing, please see page

254 Southern Illinois PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Nitrogen Rate Study Corn After Corn PLANTED: May 29, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 21, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Disk Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 33,674 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 16 oz. Verdict, 1 qt. Atrazine 4L, 1 qt. Roundup PowerMax ROWS: Six 30" Rows Post: 48 oz. Generic Glyphosate REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate, Force 3G PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 5828AM * This continuing study evaluates seven nitrogen rates to determine the optimum economic nitrogen rate in a corn after corn cropping system. Nitrogen rates range from lb./a. in 25 lb. increments, with the exception of the 30 lb. rate of nitrogen. The nitrogen was split applied with 30 lb. of nitrogen in the form of UAN applied 2x2 with the planter and the balance sidedressed at the V4 growth stage with UAN. Pounds of Nitrogen Bushels Net^ Return $ $ $ $ $ $ $ AVERAGE $ * Bu/A. corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $0.60/lb. UAN. Net Return $ $ $ Year CAC: $ Economic $ Optimum $ Nitrogen Rate $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Nitrogen $ Rate (lb.) $ $ $ $ Figure 1. $0.50 lb./n. $0.60 lb./n. $0.70 lb./n. Summary: With our average price of 28% UAN at $0.60/lb., this year s EONR was 200 lb. of nitrogen. As we have seen, the highest yield doesn t always give the best ROI. Such is the case with this year s trial, as 225 lb. of nitrogen gave us an additional 1.5 Bu/A. advantage, but also decreased the ROI by $17.63/A. As seen in Figure 1, multi-year data shows that the EONR for corn on corn at this location falls between lb. of nitrogen depending on nitrogen cost. This differs from some of our other locations that show a higher EONR in the corn after corn rotation. Please see pages for multi-location data. 254

255 Rainfall in Inches Southern Illinois PFR BECK S Nitrogen Rate Study Corn After Soybeans PLANTED: May 29, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: October 20, 2014 TILLAGE: No-Till, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 33,674 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 16 oz. Verdict, 1 qt. Atrazine 4L, 1 qt. Roundup PowerMax ROWS: Six 30" Rows Post: 48 oz. Generic Glyphosate REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate, Force 3G PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 5828AM * This continuing study evaluates seven different nitrogen rates to determine the optimum economic nitrogen rate in a corn after soybean cropping system. Nitrogen rates range from lb./a. in 25 lb. increments, with the exception of the 30 lb. rate of nitrogen. The nitrogen was split applied with 30 lb. of nitrogen in the form of UAN applied 2x2 with the planter, and the balance sidedressed at the V4 growth stage with UAN. Pounds of Nitrogen Bushels Net^ Return $ $ $ $ $ $ $ AVERAGE $ * Bu/A. corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $0.60/lb. UAN. Net Return $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Year CAB: Economic Optimum Nitrogen Rate $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Nitrogen Rate (lb.) $ $ $ $0.50/lb. N. $0.60/lb. N. $0.70/lb. N. Figure 1. With our corn after soybean nitrogen rate study we saw the biggest advantage using 200 lb. of nitrogen. This was not only the highest yielding rate in this study; it also gave the highest ROI. We saw no economic advantage to using more than 200 lb. of nitrogen on our farm this year. As said before, with every growing season being different, we look forward to continuing this study to help farmers improve their nitrogen use. As shown in Figure 1, our three year economic CAB nitrogen rate falls in a similar EONR range from to lb. of nitrogen. For more information from our other locations combined with ours, please check out pages

256 Southern Illinois PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Urea Nitrogen Stabilizer Study PLANTED: April 23, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: September 23, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall No-Till, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 33,674 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 1 qt. Atrazine 4L, 16 oz. Verdict, 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX ROWS: Eight 30" Rows Post: 48 oz. Generic Glyphosate REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate, Force 3G PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 6626AM-R * This nitrogen stabilizer study evaluates two products that are intended to reduce nitrogen losses that can be associated with the use of urea forms of nitrogen. 180 lb. of nitrogen with each urea product was broadcast applied and left unincorporated prior to planting. Treatment Test Weight Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment 180 lb. Urea (Control) $ lb. SuperU $ $ lb. ESN $ $73.07 * corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $.59/lb Urea, $.71/lb SuperU and $.74/lb. ESN The use of stabilized forms of urea showed mixed results this season. SuperU increased yield by 10.4 over the urea treatment, whereas ESN sustained a loss. Early on in the season, this study area was underwater a few times, creating an environment favorable for nitrogen loss. One observation worth noting is that the urea and SuperU both disappeared the morning after application, leaving only the ESN visible for the early part of the season. 256 ESN treatment after a rain event at the Southern Illinois PFR site.

257 Rainfall in Inches Southern Illinois PFR BECK S Sidedress Spacing Study PLANTED: May 26, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: October 25, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall No-Till, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 33,674 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Burndown: 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX ROWS: Eight 30" Rows Pre: 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX, 1 qt. Atrazine 4L, 16 oz. Verdict REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) Post: 48 oz. Generic Glyphosate INSECTICIDE: Escalate, Force 3G PRODUCT TESTED: Phoenix 6542A4 ** This study is designed to evaluate the effect on yield from sidedressing nitrogen in a 60 in. spacing compared to a traditional 30 in. spacing. Ten gallons of 28% applied 2x2 with the planter and 150 lb. of nitrogen in the form of 28% was applied sidedress with a seven knife toolbar to both row spacings. Hoses were kinked and knives suspended on three of the seven shanks giving the 60 in. spacing effect. Watch this video at to learn more about sidedress spacing. Sidedress Spacing Test Weight Bushels Gross^ Return 30 in. Centers $ in. Centers $ ** Phoenix brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. Phoenix is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. and test weight corrected to 15% moisture. ^Gross return is x $4.15/Bu. For the second year in a row, we saw an advantage to the 60 in. sidedress spacing. Last year it was brought to our attention that we should consider suspending the coulters on the sidedress bar to remove any effect from tillage. Even with the coulters suspended we still saw an advantage to the 60 in. spacings. Agronomically speaking, with less water to move the nitrogen through the soil, the traditional nitrogen spacing should likely have an advantage, but has yet to show it at our location. We intend to continue this study to test a wider array of growing seasons and see if there is a sustainable advantage to 60 in. sidedress applications. Larry Uthell, PFR assistant, Sidedressing at the Southern Illinois PFR Location. 257

258 Southern Illinois PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Hybrid/Trait Insecticide Study PLANTED: May 26, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Double Crop Soybeans HARVESTED: October 9, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Disk Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 33,674 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX, 1 qt. Atrazine 4L, 16 oz. Verdict ROWS: Four 30" Rows INSECTICIDE: Escalate REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) This multi-purpose study is designed to evaluate the potential yield protection benefit of Optimum AcreMax (above ground insects i.e. corn borer), Optimum AcreMax Xtra (above/below ground insects i.e. corn borer/rootworm), and straight Roundup Ready traits in comparison to the conventional version of the same hybrid. The study also evaluates the potential yield protection benefit of adding the soil applied insecticide Force 3G to each of these platforms. Treatment Harvest Population Test Weight Bushels Force 3G Diff. Trait Stack Diff. Return on Investment (from Force 3G) NO FORCE 3G (CONTROL) BECK 6175 * 34, BECK 6175RR * 34, BECK 6175AM * 35, BECK 6175AMX * 34, AVERAGE 34, LB. FORCE 3G BECK 6175 * 34, $23.91 BECK 6175RR * 34, $5.56 BECK 6175AM * 33, $17.68 BECK 6175AMX * 35, $29.31 AVERAGE 34, $16.34 * Bu/A. and test weight corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $6.00/lb. Force 3G. Two-Year Trait/Insecticide BECK 6175AMX * without Force 3G BECK 6175AM * without Force 3G BECK 6175RR * without Force 3G BECK 6175AMX * with Force 3G BECK 6175AM * with Force 3G BECK 6175RR * with Force 3G Trait Version 258 Figure 1.

259 Rainfall in Inches Southern Illinois PFR BECK S Hybrid/Trait Insecticide Study - Continued For the second year of this multi-purpose study, we discovered that Force 3G had an overall yield advantage across the trait platforms and saw a disadvantage to the use of traits including Roundup Ready (RR), Optimum AcreMax (AM), and Optimum AcreMax Xtra (AMX). This year the study showed a 16.1 disadvantage when using any traits beyond a conventional version of BECK 6175 *, and last year it showed a 15.6 disadvantage to additional trait versions beyond a straight RR. The conventional version had the overall best yield at The lowest yield came from the AMX trait version at Two year data with this hybrid has shown that the addition of traits has not protected yield potential. Once again this season, we did not have substantial insect pressure. Since these traits are designed to protect yield in the presence of yield robbing pests, we feel that this is why the conventional BECK 6175 * showed the highest yields. Another observation worth mentioning is that we had minimal weed pressure due to our full rate of residual herbicide and had no need to come back in with a post application of glyphosate. Therefore, there was no advantage to the RR, since the use of glyphosate in the crop was not necessary. The 2014 results from the use of Force 3G came up to a 2.4 average across all four versions of BECK 6175 *. BECK 6175RR * showed the biggest benefit of 7.2 across two year results with the addition of Force 3G. The two year average from using Force 3G showed a 5.8 advantage across all platforms. BECK S Soil Amendment Study PLANTED: May 27, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: October 1, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall No-Till, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 33,674 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Burndown: 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX ROWS: Six 30" Rows Pre: 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX, 1 qt. Atrazine 4L, 16 oz. Verdict REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) Post: 48 oz. Generic Glyphosate INSECTICIDE: Escalate, Force 3G PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 6948A3 The purpose of this study was to evaluate various products to improve biological activity in the soil. The products were broadcast applied and incorporated prior to planting with products in the same location they have been the past three years. Soil Amendment Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment 1 gal. N-Forcer $ $0.63 Control $ qt. Pervaide $ $ oz. AgZyme $ $ oz. RES $ $ qt. Start Right $ $ oz. MPACT $ $ gal. Super Hume $ $ qt. Soil Boost $ $ gal. Organo Liquid Hume lb. Organo Hume $ $ AVERAGE $ $45.80 Bu/A. corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $5.00/gal. N-Forcer, $13.00/gal. Pervaide, $110.00/gal. AgZyme, $72.00/gal. RES 16, $42.00/gal. Start Right, $40.00/gal. MPACT, $14.00/gal. SuperHume, $46.00/gal. Soil Boost, $17.00/gal. Organo Liquid Hume and $500.00/ton Organo Hume. For the second year in a row we did not see a positive return on investment with any of the corn soil amendment products. Only N-Forcer yielded above the control giving us an additional 2.5 When this study was in soybeans last year, we saw positive yield gains on all but three products. After the harsh winter we experienced and the cool, wet growing season, soil microbial activity may not have been able to provide the benefits from these treatments. Soil amendment products are intended to provide more benefit after multiple years of application in an effort to sustain healthy soil with greater biological activity. Further testing is needed to truly evaluate the potential long term benefits of these products. 259

260 Southern Illinois PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Foliar Study PLANTED: May 27, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 8, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall No-Till, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 33,674 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 1 qt. Atrazine 4L, 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX, 16 oz. Verdict ROWS: Eight 30" Rows Post: 48 oz. Generic Glyphosate REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate, Force 3G PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 6272AM-R * This study evaluates various foliar applied products including fertilizers, biological stimulants and plant growth regulators. All applications were made at the V5 growth stage with the exception of N-Rage. N-Rage was applied at both the V5 and the VT growth stage. Treatment Test Weight Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment 2 qt. Max-In V $ $ qt. Max-In Ultra V $ $8.61 Control $ qt. Max-In V $ $ qt. V $ $ gal. V5 + 1 gal. VT $ $ oz. RyzUp V $ $75.41 AVERAGE $ $31.27 * corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $31.00/gal. Max-In Sulfur, $28.00/gal. Max-In Ultra ZMB, $31.00/gal. Max-In Boron, $26.00/gal. enhance, $7.00/gal. N-Rage $23.00/oz. RyzUp SmartGrass and $7.00/A. application cost (VT only) Max-In V5 Two-Year SILPFR Corn Foliar Summary Max-In Ultra V Control V5 + VT Treatment V5 RyzUp V5 Max-In V5 Figure

Rainfall in Inches 7.50 3.73 5.16 2.14 3.86 22.39 Southern Illinois PFR BECK S Foliar Study - Continued $/A. $15.00 $10.00 $5.00 $- $(5.00) $(10.00) $(15.00) $(20.00) $(25.00) $(30.00) $8.

261 Rainfall in Inches Southern Illinois PFR BECK S Foliar Study - Continued $/A. $15.00 $10.00 $5.00 $- $(5.00) $(10.00) $(15.00) $(20.00) $(25.00) $(30.00) $8.67 Max-In V5 Two-Year SILPFR Foliar Summary Return on Investment -$6.78 Max-In Ultra V5 $0.00 Figure 2. -$20.37 Control V5 + VT Treatment -$ $ $23.88 V5 RyzUp V5 Max-In V5 The results of our foliar applications this season showed an overall decrease in both yield and return on investment. Max-In Sulfur yielded 5.2 better than the control and gave a $6.08/A. return on investment. The other product that showed a positive yield gain was Max-In Ultra ZMB coming in at 1.3 better than the control, yet did not pay to make the application. The other four products used showed a negative yield response and return on investment with the lowest of both being RyzUp SmartGrass. Ironically, RyzUp SmartGrass was the highest in both yield and return last year. The two year results of this study show only one product, Max-In Sulfur, having gains in both and ROI; 4.8 better and $8.67/A. better than the control as shown in Figures 1 & 2. Jonathan Perkins, SILPFR Director, inspecting corn leaves in Neoga, Illinois. 261

Roundup PowerMAX (except fall disk chisel, spring vertical-till) ROWS: Six 30" Rows Pre: 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX, 1 qt. Atrazine 4L, 16 oz. Verdict REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) Post: 48 oz.

262 Southern Illinois PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Tillage Study Corn After Soybeans PLANTED: May 26, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: October 24, 2014 TILLAGE: Various POPULATION: 33,674 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Burndown: 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX (except fall disk chisel, spring vertical-till) ROWS: Six 30" Rows Pre: 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX, 1 qt. Atrazine 4L, 16 oz. Verdict REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) Post: 48 oz. Generic Glyphosate INSECTICIDE: Escalate To evaluate various tillage practices representative of the southern Illinois geography. Since this is a long-term study, treatments are kept on the same areas as previous years. Tillage & Brand Harvest Population Bushels FALL STRIP-TILL BECK 5509A3 33, BECK 5828AM * 34, AVERAGE 34, FALL IN-LINE RIP BECK 5509A3 33, BECK 5828AM * 34, AVERAGE 33, NO-TILL BECK 5509A3 33, BECK 5828AM * 34, AVERAGE 33, FALL DISK CHISEL/SPRING VERTICAL-TILL BECK 5509A3 34, BECK 5828AM * 31, AVERAGE 32, * corrected to 15% moisture. This year the no-till treatment proved to give us the highest yield. With three of the four treatments being within two bushels per acre, the three year data stays relatively the same. The fall in-line rip treatment still maintains the yield advantage, with no-till showing second highest, followed by strip till, and lastly disk chisel/spring finishing tool. Although spring planting and growing seasons have been different every year, the in-line rip treatments along with no-till have proven to be the best tillage practices for the soils on the Southern Illinois PFR farm Year Tillage Data on Corn After Soybeans Strip Till In-Line Rip No-Till Disk Chisel/Spring Finishing Tool Figure 1.

263 Rainfall in Inches Southern Illinois PFR BECK S Pop-up Fertilizer Study PLANTED: May 27, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 24, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall No-Till, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 33,674 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Burndown: 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX ROWS: Eight 30" Rows Pre: 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX, 1 qt. Atrazine 4L, 16 oz. Verdict, REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) 48 oz. Generic Glyphosate INSECTICIDE: Escalate, Force 3G PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 6575HR * To evaluate the placement of starter fertilizers in-furrow on corn. Placement of a starter fertilizer in the seed furrow, commonly called pop-up, requires care to prevent germination injury from fertilizer salts. Benefits of pop-up fertilizers are to provide an accessible nutrient source for root and plant growth. Generally the greatest benefit is when adverse conditions occur soon after planting, because it promotes early season plant health. All the treatments used in this study were applied with the in-furrow Flo-Rite seed firmer through the liquid fertilizer system. Treatment 5 oz. Ascend + 16 oz. Ultra-Che Zinc 9% EDTA Harvest Population Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment 33, $ $ gal , $ $9.91 Control 31, $ gal. NACHURS W oz. Ultra-Che Zinc 9% EDTA 32, $ $ oz. Ascend 31, $ $ gal oz. Ultra-Che Zinc 9% EDTA 32, $ $ gal. Organo Liquid Hume 34, $ $ gal. NACHURS W18 33, $ $ * corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $290.00/gal. Ascend, $17.00/gal. Organo Liquid Hume, $33.00/gal. Ultra-Che Zinc 9% EDTA, $5.50/gal. Nachurs W18 ( ) and $586.00/ton oz. Ascend + 16 oz. Ultra- Che Zinc 9% EDTA 2 Year Pop-up Fertilizer gal. NACHURS W oz. Ultra-Che 9% Zinc EDTA 1 gal. Organo Liquid Hume ROI $50.00 $40.00 $30.00 $20.00 $10.00 $0.00 -$ $ $ $ $ oz. Ascend + 16 oz. Ultra- Che Zinc 9% EDTA 2 Year Pop-up Fertilizer ROI -$ $ gal. NACHURS W oz. Ultra-Che Zinc 9% EDTA 1 gal. Organo Liquid Hume Figure 1. Figure 2. Yield and return on investment followed a very similar pattern in this study, with only two of the products showing a positive response. Ascend, a plant growth regulator, paired with Ultra-Che Zinc 9% EDTA showed the highest ROI. With the yields of Ascend + Zinc and being almost the same, a cheaper input cost of $15.33/A. vs. $17.07/A. gave the advantage to Ascend+Zinc. Two year data shows an advantage to the Ascend + Zinc treatment at 11.4 and $42.42/A. better than the untreated control as shown in Figures 1 &

264 Southern Illinois PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Soybean Show Plot PLANTED: May 31, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 23, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Disk Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 139,089 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Burndown: 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX ROWS: Three 30" Rows Pre: 48 oz. Generic Glyphosate, 6 oz. Authority XL Post: RR: 48 oz. Generic Glyphosate, 48 oz. Warrant, 8 oz. Section 2EC LL: 1 qt. Liberty, 48 oz. Warrant, 8 oz. Section 2EC INSECTICIDE: Escalate Yield Rank Brand Relative Maturity Bushels GROUP III 1 BECK 354L BECK 393R4 * BECK 394L BECK 366L BECK 379L AVERAGE GROUP IV 1 BECK 449L BECK 465R4 * BECK 425R4 * BECK 419L BECK 483NL BECK 444NR * BECK 418NR * BECK 485R2 * BECK 493R4 * BECK 459L BECK 423NL AVERAGE corrected to 13% moisture. 264

265 Rainfall in Inches Southern Illinois PFR BECK S 100 Bushel Attempt PLANTED: May 31, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 21, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall No-Till, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 139,089 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Burndown: 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX ROWS: Eight 30" Rows Pre: 48 oz. Generic Glyphosate, 6 oz. Authority XL REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) Post: 1 qt. Liberty, 8 oz. Section 2EC, 48 oz. Warrant INSECTICIDE: Escalate The 100 Bushel Soybean Attempt is one of the most exciting plots that we plant each year! This was the seventh year for this plot in the PFR program. The goal of this plot was to maximize yield results. It was one of the few plots where we are not solely focused on economic figures. When we find something that works, we try to determine how to make it profitable for the farmer. At the SILPFR farm, we use combinations of products that have shown yield increases in prior years to give soybeans the best opportunity for high yields. Seed Treatment Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment BECK 394L4 100 Bu. Mix (Control) $ Bushel Recipe $ $22.78 AVERAGE $ BECK 423NL 100 Bu. Mix (Control) $ Bushel Recipe $ $13.82 AVERAGE $ BECK 459L4 100 Bu. Mix (Control) $ Bushel Recipe $ $1.50 AVERAGE $ Treatment Summary 100 Bu. Mix (Control) $ Bushel Recipe $ $12.70 AVERAGE $ corrected to 13% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $11.20/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $11.20/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $300.00/gal. Capture LFR, $290.00/gal. Ascend, $17.00/gal. Organo Liguid Hume, $543.00/gal. Priaxor and $283.00/gal. Warrior II. Cool, wet conditions throughout the growing season did not give us the optimum growing conditions to reach 100 bushel soybeans, but we did see positive results from our 100 bushel recipe. The 100 bushel recipe showed an average 4 increase over our control. BECK 394L4 showed the highest yield at 71.3, and reflected similar high yields across our entire farm. With the cost of the 100 bushel recipe being $57.51/A., the only variety that came close to the break even point was the BECK 459L4. The extra 5 advantage came close to offsetting the cost of the extra treatment. We will continue to experiment in the future with different products to reach the 100 bushel yield point! Extra Treatment Costs Above 100 Bushel Mix HIGH LEVEL PROGRAM COST/A. 4 oz. Capture LFR $ oz. Ascend $ gal. Organo Liquid Hume $ oz. Priaxor $ oz. Warrior II $2.83 TOTAL $ BUSHEL MIX 100 BUSHEL RECIPE Escalate + Optimize + BioForge ST + Poncho /VOTiVO Escalate + Optimize + BioForgeST + Poncho/VOTiVO + 4 oz. Capture LFR + 5 oz. Ascend + 1 gal. Organo Liquid Hume + 4 oz. Priaxor oz. Warrior II 265

266 Southern Illinois PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Planting Date Study PLANTED: Various PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: Various TILLAGE: Fall Disk Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 139,089 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 6 oz. Authority XL ROWS: Fifteen 15" Rows Post: 48 oz. Generic Glyphosate, 48 oz. Warrant, 8 oz. Clethodim INSECTICIDE: Escalate When should I start planting soybeans? In the spring this is a question that we hear quite often. The goal of this study is to gather several years of data to help our customers narrow down the optimum planting time for soybeans. Brand Planting Date Bushels BECK 358R4 * 5/7/ BECK 393R4 * 5/7/ BECK 457R4 * 5/7/ AVERAGE BECK 358R4 * 5/23/ BECK 393R4 * 5/23/ BECK 457R4 * 5/23/ AVERAGE BECK 358R4 * 5/31/ BECK 393R4 * 5/31/ BECK 457R4 * 5/31/ AVERAGE BECK 358R4 * 6/7/ BECK 393R4 * 6/7/ BECK 457R4 * 6/7/ AVERAGE BECK 358R4 * 6/17/ BECK 393R4 * 6/17/ BECK 457R4 * 6/17/ AVERAGE corrected to 13% moisture. 266 Southern Illinois PFR soybean planting date study on July 29th, 2014.

Rainfall in Inches 7.50 3.73 5.16 2.14 3.86 22.39 Southern Illinois PFR BECK S Planting Date Study - Continued 66.0 64.0 62.0 60.0 58.0 56.0 54.0 52.0 50.0 2014 Planting Date Yields 65.6 60.9 61.0 56.9 55.

The results of this year s planting date study show May 7th to be the highest yielding planting date. This comes as a surprise since this date received cold, wet weather shortly after planting.

Both the Pythium and PPO injury were a result of the cold, wet weather, and not the fault of either the seed treatment or herbicide.

267 Rainfall in Inches Southern Illinois PFR BECK S Planting Date Study - Continued Planting Date Yields May 7th May 23rd May 31st June 7th June 17th Planting Date Figure 1. Another portion of the Southern Illinois PFR soybean planting date study on July 29th, The results of this year s planting date study show May 7th to be the highest yielding planting date. This comes as a surprise since this date received cold, wet weather shortly after planting. Visual differences were seen, especially after emergence. The soybeans struggled to get out of the ground and faced issues from both Pythium (seedling blight) and PPO (herbicide) injury. Both the Pythium and PPO injury were a result of the cold, wet weather, and not the fault of either the seed treatment or herbicide. This has been proven by past years, where Escalate has controlled the Pythium by translocation of the fungicide through the seedling. PPO herbicides have greatly helped with weed control, resulting in minimal injury under normal planting conditions. Yields fell slightly from that date, but held steady at around 60 through the end of May (Figure 1). The June planting dates tapered off, with the exception of the BECK 457R4 *. This year the study follows a yield trend showing the highest yield for the midgroup III soybeans in early May, while the late group III soybeans yielded the highest from late May through early June. The midgroup IV soybeans had the highest yield in mid-june. This follows agronomic recommendations of planting early soybeans early and late soybeans late to maximize yield potential in our geography. May planted soybeans produced 6.2 more than June planted soybeans. 267

268 Southern Illinois PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Fungicide Variety Study PLANTED: June 1, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 21, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall No-Till, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 139,089 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Burndown: 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX ROWS: Fifteen 15" Rows Pre: 48 oz. Generic Glyphosate, 6 oz. Authority XL REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) Post: 1 qt. Liberty, 48 oz. Warrant, 8 oz. Section 2EC INSECTICIDE: Escalate This study looks at the use of Priaxor fungicide applied at R3 across eight BECK LibertyLink soybean varieties. Beck s PFR has clearly shown differences in individual corn hybrid fungicide response, and this study attempts to determine if there are differences in individual soybean variety response. It also gives us the chance to evaluate overall fungicide response. Treatment Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment CONTROL BECK 354L $ BECK 366L $ BECK 394L $ BECK 423NL $ BECK 459L $ BECK 483NL $ AVERAGE $ OZ. R3 BECK 354L $ $16.23 BECK 366L $ $20.71 BECK 394L $ $76.71 BECK 423NL $ $22.95 BECK 459L $ $21.83 BECK 483NL $ $5.05 AVERAGE $ $25.60 corrected to 13% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $11.20/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $11.20/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $543.00/gal. Priaxor. Diff 2013 Results 2014 Results BECK 354L BECK 394L BECK 423NL BECK 459L BECK 483NL AVERAGE ROI 2013 Results 2014 Results BECK 354L4 -$24.56 $ $4.16 BECK 394L4 4.0 $5.80 $76.71 $41.26 BECK 423NL $4.54 $22.95 $13.75 BECK 459L4 $12.13 $21.83 $16.98 BECK 483NL 3.0 -$ $5.05 -$10.38 AVERAGE -$3.56 $26.53 $ Two-Year Fungicide BECK 354L4 BECK 394L4 BECK 423NL BECK 459L4 BECK 483NL 268 Figure 1.

Rainfall in Inches 7.50 3.73 5.16 2.14 3.86 22.39 Southern Illinois PFR BECK S Fungicide Variety Study - Continued $50.00 $40.00 Two-Year Fungicide Return On Investment $41.26 $/A. $30.00 $20.00 $10.

269 Rainfall in Inches Southern Illinois PFR BECK S Fungicide Variety Study - Continued $50.00 $40.00 Two-Year Fungicide Return On Investment $41.26 $/A. $30.00 $20.00 $10.00 $0.00 -$4.16 $13.75 $ $ $ $10.38 BECK 354L4 BECK 394L4 BECK 423NL BECK 459L4 BECK 483NL Figure 2. With soybean prices holding this season, the extra input cost of applying a foliar fungicide was the topic on a lot of farmers minds. With the weather this summer being abnormally cool and wet, heavy early morning dew made it very conducive to soybean leaf diseases. After testing six of the more popular LibertyLink soybeans in our area, we found that the fungicide applications paid for themselves. BECK 483NL was the only variety that did not have a positive return on investment this season. Although it did yield above the control, the cost of the extra fungicide gave it a negative ROI. Two year data in Figures 1 & 2 show an overall positive yield advantage and ROI. The two soybean varieties that did not show a positive ROI in the last two years were BECK 354L4 & BECK 483NL, as shown on Figure 2. The past two years have shown similar weather patterns conducive to disease development, which is why we have seen this level of response to fungicide. We intend to continue this study to evaluate multiple years weather patterns. 269

270 Southern Illinois PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Herbicide Injury Study PLANTED: June 1, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 21, 2014 TILLAGE: Disk Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 139,089 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 6 oz. Authority XL, 48 oz. Generic Glyphosate ROWS: Eight 30" Rows Post: Various REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate The question comes up every year, How late can I spray my glyphosate or Liberty application? This study is designed to evaluate the use of Roundup Ready and LibertyLink herbicide programs in later season rescue applications. The treatments are set up to gauge the impact of applications made at the R2, R3 and R4 growth stages. All plot entries received each respective herbicide prior to the R1 growth stage. Bushels Treatment BECK 391R4 * Residual f/b Glyphosate (Control) Residual f/b R Residual f/b R Residual f/b R AVERAGE BECK 394L4 Residual f/b Liberty (Control) Residual f/b R Residual f/b R Residual f/b R AVERAGE corrected to 13% moisture Year Herbicide Systems Glyphosate Summary Year Herbicide Systems Liberty Summary Residual f/b Glyphosate (Control) -2.5 Residual f/b Glyphosate f/b R2-1.1 Residual f/b Glyphosate f/b R3 0.1 Residual f/b Glyphosate f/b R4 Glyphosate Residual f/b Liberty (Control) -1.6 Residual f/b Liberty f/b R2-0.2 Residual f/b Liberty f/b R3-1.0 Residual f/b Liberty f/b R4 Liberty In both the Roundup Ready and LibertyLink systems, making herbicide applications from R2-R4 showed a negative impact on yield. The biggest loss occurred in the Roundup system when glyphosate was applied at the R3 growth stage. In both systems, the R2 applications showed a strong impact as well, which is consistent with what we have seen in multi-year data at the SILPFR farm. Figure 1 shows that the greatest impact in the three year data has come from glyphosate applied at the R2 growth stage at -2.5 The treatment with the next largest impact comes from the Liberty applied at the R2 growth stage, showing a 1.6 decrease across the three year data set, indicated in Figure 2. For further information on this study, please refer to page 319 for multi-location data. 270 Figure 1. Figure 2.

271 Rainfall in Inches Southern Illinois PFR BECK S Nematode Seed Treatment Study PLANTED: June 2, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 21, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Disk Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 139,089 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Burndown: 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX ROWS: Fifteen 15" Rows Pre: 48 oz. Generic Glyphosate, 6 oz. Authority XL REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) Post: 48 oz. Generic Glyphosate, 8 oz. Section 2EC, 5 oz. Anthem PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 335NR * To evaluate different forms of seed treatments available on soybeans that offer protection against soybean cyst nematode. The following treatments were used in this study: Clariva, a proprietary seed treatment nematicide, is based on the Pasteuria technology which consists of naturally occurring soil bacteria with a unique, direct mode of action on nematodes including microscopic worm-shaped soil organisms which cause significant damage to all major agricultural crops. Poncho /VOTiVO seed treatment protects young plants from pests during critical early development stages, leading to healthier root development and stronger stands. Applied directly to the seed, Poncho/VOTiVO protects the whole plant, above and below ground, preventing damage to early-season seedlings and roots before pests can strike. Poncho/VOTiVO employs a biological mode of action with a unique bacteria strain that lives and grows with young roots, creating a living barrier that prevents nematodes from causing damage. It also has a systemic agent that is absorbed by new roots immediately, providing control of many critical early-season insect pests. This dual protection typically results in healthier plant establishment and a more uniform crop, positively impacting yields. Treatment Bushels Escalate (Control) Escalate + Poncho/VOTiVO Clariva Complete corrected to 13% moisture. The Escalate + Poncho/VOTiVO combination seed treatment provided a 0.1 gain over Escalate. The Clariva Complete package was the lowest yielding entry with a 1.6 disadvantage compared to the control. If soybean cyst nematode levels are not beyond threshold levels, benefits of these treatments will likely not be seen. With nematodes being a major factor in yield loss each year, an extra level of protection could be worth the added input cost, depending on soybean prices and nematode pressure. Further evaluation of this study needs to be conducted in order to capture multiple years of environmental conditions and nematode pressures. 271

Roundup PowerMAX (except on fall disk chisel/spring vertical-till) ROWS: Twelve 15" Rows Pre: 6 oz. Authority XL, 48 oz. Generic Glyphosate REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) Post: 48 oz.

272 Southern Illinois PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Tillage Study PLANTED: June 2, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 23, 2014 TILLAGE: Various POPULATION: 139,089 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Burndown: 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX (except on fall disk chisel/spring vertical-till) ROWS: Twelve 15" Rows Pre: 6 oz. Authority XL, 48 oz. Generic Glyphosate REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) Post: 48 oz. Generic Glyphosate, 8 oz. Section 2EC, 48 oz. Warrant INSECTICIDE: Escalate To evaluate four different tillage practices in a long-term study. Treatments are kept in the same areas as previous years and crops are rotated between corn and soybeans. Bushels Tillage FALL STRIP BECK 418NR * BECK 444NR * AVERAGE FALL IN-LINE RIP BECK 418NR * BECK 444NR * AVERAGE NO-TILL BECK 418NR * BECK 444NR * AVERAGE FALL DISK CHISEL/SPRING VERTICAL-TILL BECK 418NR * BECK 444NR * AVERAGE corrected to 13% moisture. Four-Year SILPFR Soybeans after Corn Tillage Study Strip-Till In-Line Rip No-Till Disk Chisel/Spring Finishing Tool Figure 1. The fall disk chisel treatment showed us the highest yields of 59.6, followed closely by no-till at 59.5 In the past three years at the Southern Illinois PFR farm, the disk chisel treatment had shown to be the lowest. With cool, wet weather conditions that we experienced throughout the growing season making it conducive for soybean diseases to develop, it is possible that disease played a factor. Tillage is a cultural practice that can help with managing soybean diseases by reducing inoculum in the soil. This is a possible explanation as to why this treatment made a turn around from the three year low to the high this season. A four year data set shows that the no-till treatment provides the highest yields followed by the in-line rip treatment and fall strip. The fall disk chisel/spring vertical-tillage was the lowest yield, as indicated in Figure

273 Rainfall in Inches Southern Illinois PFR BECK S Soil Amendment Study PLANTED: May 31, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 1, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Disk Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 139,089 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 6 oz. Authority XL, 48 oz. Generic Glyphosate ROWS: Twelve 15" Rows Post: 1 qt. Liberty, 48 oz. Warrant, 8 oz. Clethodim REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 354L4 The purpose of this study was to evaluate various products designed to improve biological activity in the soil. The products were broadcast applied and incorporated prior to planting. Soil Amendment Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment 1 gal. Organo Liquid Hume lb. Organo Hume Dry $ $ oz. S $ $2.67 Control $ gal. N-Forcer $ $ oz. RES $ $93.42 AVERAGE $ $41.82 corrected to 13% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $11.20/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $11.20/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $17.00/gal. Organo Liquid Hume, $500.00/ton Organo Hume, $36.00/gal. S , $5.00/gal. N-Forcer and $72.00/gal. RES 16. Even though higher yields resulted from applying soil amendments in this year s study, the control showed the highest net return. With a 3.6 advantage from the Organo Hume products, the cost still outweighed the benefit. We intend to continue our evaluations of soil amendment products to see if they improve soil quality, yield, and ultimately help you improve your bottom line. 273

HERBICIDE: Burndown: 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX ROWS: Fifteen 15" Rows Pre: 48 oz. Generic Glyphosate, 6 oz. Authority XL REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) Post: 48 oz. Generic Glyphosate, 8 oz.

274 Southern Illinois PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Foliar Study PLANTED: June 1, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 23, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Disk Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 139,089 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Burndown: 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX ROWS: Fifteen 15" Rows Pre: 48 oz. Generic Glyphosate, 6 oz. Authority XL REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) Post: 48 oz. Generic Glyphosate, 8 oz. Section 2EC, 5 oz. Anthem INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 368NR * This study evaluates various foliar applied products including fertilizers, biological stimulants, and sugar. All applications were made at the R3 growth stage, with the exception of Max-In Ultra Manganese at V4. Nitrogen Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment 1.5 qt. Max-In Ultra Manganese $ $ lb. Sugar $ $ gal. N-Rage $ $ gal. NACHURS HKW6(2-6-16) + 2 gal. N-Rage $ $ gal. NACHURS HKW6(2-6-16) $ $ qt. enhance $ $1.08 Control $ AVERAGE $ $9.02 corrected to 13% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $11.20/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $11.20/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $26.00/gal. enhance, $5.00/gal. NACHURS HKW6, $7.00/gal. N-Rage, $25.50/gal. Max-In Ultra Manganese (no application cost) and $0.50/lb. Sugar Results 2014 Results 2 Year Avg. Differe2013 Results2014 Results2 Year Avg. Control Two-Year --- Foliar qts. Max- over -1.4 Control qts. Max-In 1.6 Ultra Manganese lbs. Sugar lbs. Sugar gal. N-Rag gal. N-Rage gal. NACH gal. NACHURS HKW6(2-6-16) + 2 gal. N-Rage qts. Enhan gal. NACHURS HKW6(2-6-16) gal. NACH qts. Enhance Control AVERAGE ROI Control $0.00 Control qts. Max-In Ultra Manganese -$29.18 $37.48 $ qts. Max- -$29.18 $37.48 $ lbs. Sugar -$9.45 $22.12 $ lbs. Sugar -$9.45 $22.12 $ gal. N-Rage 0.6 -$20.87 $4.64 -$ gal. N-Rag -$20.87 $4.64 -$ gal. NACHURS HKW6(2-6-16) + 2 gal. N-Rage -$ $ $ gal. NACH -$ $ $ gal. NACHURS 0.4 HKW6(2-6-16) -$14.60 $1.92 -$ gal. NACH -$14.60 $1.92 -$ qts. Enhance -$ $1.08 -$ qts. Enhan -$ $1.08 -$ AVERAGE -$20.55 $9.02 -$ qt. Max-In Ultra Manganese 2 lb. Sugar 2 gal. N-Rage 2 gal. NACHURS HKW6(2-6-16) + 2 gal. N-Rage Figure 1. 2 qt. enhance 2 gal. NACHURS HKW6(2-6-16) 274

275 Rainfall in Inches Southern Illinois PFR BECK S Foliar Study - Continued Two-Year Foliar ROI over Control $10.00 $5.00 $0.00 $4.15 $6.34 $/A. -$5.00 -$ $ $8.12 -$6.34 -$ $ $ qt. Max-In Ultra Manganese -$ lb. Sugar 2 gal. N-Rage 2 gal. NACHURS HKW6(2-6-16) + 2 gal. N-Rage 2 gal. NACHURS HKW6(2-6-16) 2 qt. enhance Figure 2. The control this year had the lowest yield, but was not the lowest return on investment due to the cost of the products applied and the cost of the applications for two of the entries. Ample rainfall occurred after these applications were made, so we feel that the products had an opportunity to supplement the soybean crop. This was reflected by an overall positive yield gain. With the Max-In Ultra Manganese being applied at V4, there is the option to tank mix with a herbicide, saving time and fuel costs. If a fungicide would be applied around the R3 growth stage, the other products could be mixed together and applied at that time. For research purposes we did not tank mix these products with herbicides or fungicides, to truly see the results of the products themselves. Two year results indicate a positive yield and ROI for both Max-In Ultra Manganese and sugar as shown in Figures 1 & 2. The results this year do not reflect the 2013 results. We plan to continue this study to further evaluate these responses. BECK S In-Furrow Study PLANTED: May 31, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 22, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Disk Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 139,089 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Burndown: 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX ROWS: Eight 30" Rows Pre: 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX, 6 oz. Authority XL REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) Post: 48 oz. Generic Glyphosate, 8 oz. Section 2EC, 48 oz. Warrant INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 368NR * This study was set up to evaluate various fertilizer, biological, insecticide, fungicide, and plant growth regulator products applied in-furrow with the planter. Applications were made through a liquid fertilizer system utilizing Flo-Rite seed firmers. Treatment Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment Control $ oz. Capture LFR $ $ oz. Headline $ $ oz. Ascend $ $ gal. NACHURS HKW6(2-6-16) $ $ gal. Organo Liquid Hume $ $ gal. NACHURS HKW18( ) $ $64.52 * corrected to 13% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $11.20/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $11.20/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $409.00/gal. Headline, $300.00/gal. Capture LFR, $290.00/gal. Ascend, $5.00/gal. HKW6(2-6-16), $17.00/gal. Organo Liquid Hume and $6.50/gal. HKW18( ) This year the control out-yielded all in-furrow treatments. With returns ranging from -$64.52/A. to -$38.50/A., we considered that spring conditions may not have been conducive to the potential benefit of fertilizers, fungicides or plant growth regulators. Last year we saw a positive return on investment with Ascend and Capture LFR. In the future we would like to reevaluate the use of these products. 275

276 Southern Illinois PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Induced Stress Study PLANTED: May 31, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 1, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Disk Chisel, Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 139,089 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Burndown: 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX ROWS: Four 30" Rows Pre: 6 oz. Authority XL, 48 oz. Generic Glyphosate REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) Post: 1 qt. Liberty, 48 oz. Warrant, 8 oz. Clethodim INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 372NL In the past, it had been observed that stress at certain stages of soybean growth can increase yield. This study is designed to increase yield by inducing stress, using both mechanical and chemical means. All treatments were made just prior to the R1 growth stage (beginning of flower). The mechanical treatments included rolling with a lawn roller and simulating hail damage with a custom made machine (Whipper Snapper). For the chemical methods we applied Cobra, 2,4-DB, and both in combination. Treatment Bushels Control Whipper Snapper Cobra + 2,4-DB Mechanical Roll Cobra ,4-DB corrected to 13% moisture Two-Year Induced Stress Study Control Whipper Snapper Cobra + 2,4-DB Lawn Roller Cobra 2-4,DB Method Figure 1. The question still remains, just how much stress is too much? For the second year in a row, we did not gain any yield benefits by inducing stress to the soybeans. The two year average shows that 2,4-DB comes in at a loss of 25, while the Whipper Snapper inflicted less stress to the soybeans with an average loss of only 0.7 The Cobra, Lawn Roller, and Cobra + 2,4-DB showed consistently lower yields than the control throughout the three treatments with averages around 49.5 As the results show, we feel the combination of excess water and stress may have been too much, and caused loss instead of gain once again this year. 276 Watch Whipper Snapper in action at

Ohio has now wrapped up two successful seasons of harvest at the London PFR site, along with another impressive show during the Farm Science Review.

277 Ohio has now wrapped up two successful seasons of harvest at the London PFR site, along with another impressive show during the Farm Science Review. If you have been able to pass by the Beck s PFR site at London recently, you might have noticed some construction happening. The Beck family is extremely pleased to announce that the new distribution center, staffed with customer service and support, will be fully operational in the spring of Please stop by to say hello. In addition to the construction, many research studies were planted in The 2014 growing season officially started on April 22nd with planting date studies, a soybean cover crop study, and an Escalate vs. Untreated soybean study. The next planting window did not open until the end of the 1st week of May, then closed again on Mother s Day due to another bout of cold, wet weather. Planting resumed the last week of May, finally finishing up in early June. Our goal at the London PFR site is to have the majority of crops planted by mid-may so we can achieve optimal yields that Kyle Hoppes OHPFR Operations Lead will provide the best data possible for our studies. Although planting was delayed a little longer than anticipated, our planting window was very similar to other growers throughout the state. Rainfall was abundant during the first half of the growing season (May, June and July), totaling 16 inches. Rainfall tapered off from the end of July through August totaling only 1.86 inches. The excessive rainfall in the early part of the season caused a few challenges. One of the toughest challenges was attempting to keep fields weed free, especially those that did not receive a pre-emerge herbicide. This was a similar issue throughout central Ohio with many giant ragweed and marestail escapes. Liberty herbicide offered a great solution for those who planted Liberty Link soybeans. The second challenge from the excessive rainfall was timely nitrogen applications. This turned out to be a blessing in disguise. In a normal year we like to have our corn sidedressed by the V3-V5 growth stage. This year we were closer to V10. Many farmer fields suffered nitrogen deficiency due to denitrification from the rain, but, with our later application, we did not run into any deficiencies. The remainder of the summer was cool. Add in the rainfall that plagued London and central Ohio throughout the whole month of October, and harvest was delayed. This resulted in moisture levels that were higher than normal. Despite the later harvest, our average corn yields hovered around 200 and our soybean yields were close to 60 We had many studies which we feel will show value to our customers and are excited to share them in this book. We are really excited about this opportunity to provide research to Ohio farmers through our practical farm management practices here at Beck s Superior Hybrids. Please feel free to contact us anytime with questions or concerns regarding your farming needs. Thank you and remember to stop by to see us at our new facility this coming spring. 277

Ohio PFR Rainfall in Inches 4.52 4.04 6.91 5.32 1.86 22.

278 Ohio PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Corn Show Plot PLANTED: May 24, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: October 18, 2014 TILLAGE: Spring Disc/Vertical-till POPULATION: 32,271 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Post: 2.5 qt. Lexar, 24 oz. Roundup PowerMAX, 0.5 lb. Generic Atrazine ROWS: Three 30" Rows INSECTICIDE: Force 3G, Escalate Yield Rank Brand Harvested Population Test Weight Bushels 1 BECK 6948A3 34, BECK 6158AM * 32, BECK 6778AM * 30, BECK 6175AM * 31, BECK 6348A3 32, Phoenix 5832A3 ** 30, BECK 6272AM-R * 31, BECK 5828AM * 29, BECK 5140HR * 33, Phoenix 6542A4 ** 30, BECK 6575HR * 31, BECK 6626AM-R * 33, BECK EX 8361 (6347 Genetics) 28, BECK 5475AM * 29, BECK EX 1434 (6365 Genetics) * 28, Phoenix 5552EZ ** 30, BECK 5509A3 33, BECK EX 1420 (5939 Genetics) * 31, BECK 5385A3 29, BECK EX 1311 (6140 Genetics) * 33, BECK EX 1473 (5852 Genetics) 31, BECK 5131AM * 32, BECK EX 1406 (5234 Genetics) * 28, BECK 4321AM * 31, BECK 4721AM * 25, AVERAGE 30, * ** Phoenix brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. Phoenix is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. Bu/A. and test weight corrected to 15% moisture. 278

279 Rainfall in Inches Ohio PFR BECK S 300 Bushel Attempt Corn After Soybeans PLANTED: May 24, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: October 18, 2014 TILLAGE: Spring Disc/Vertical-till POPULATION: 37,883 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Post: 2.5 qt. Lexar, 24 oz. Roundup PowerMAX, 0.5 lb. Generic Atrazine ROWS: Three 30" Rows INSECTICIDE: Escalate, Force 3G This is a 300 bushel corn after soybean yield attempt. In this study, we use multiple hybrids in an attempt to achieve our goal. There are many different management practices used to achieve 300 Typically we look at several different combinations of biologicals, fungicides, insecticides, increased nitrogen and higher planted populations. For this study, practices included planting at 37,883 seeds/a. and increasing nitrogen to 300 lb. of UAN in split applications. We also applied 22 oz. P Max and 20 gal placed 2x2, along with 2 qt. Boost, 2 oz. Seed Power, 1 qt. Sulfur Plus and 4 gal using an in-furrow system during planting. Later in the season we added 10 oz. Headline AMP, 8 oz. Bio-Forge, 8 oz. Energy Power, 1 gal. Sugar Power and 0.5 gal. Reserve Power using a high clearance sprayer. Brand Harvest Population * ** Phoenix brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. Phoenix is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. Bu/A. and test weight corrected to 15% moisture. Test Weight Bushels BECK EX 1420 (5939 Genetics) * 37, BECK 6175AM * 37, BECK EX 1434 (6365 Genetics) * 40, BECK EX 8361 (6347 Genetics) 36, BECK 6626AM-R * 36, BECK 5828AM * 37, BECK 5509VR 35, Phoenix 6542A4 ** 38, AVERAGE 37, This year s 300 bushel challenge was definitely a challenge. We did not get this study planted until the 24th of May due to cool, wet conditions. These were by far the best yields we have had on our farm in the past two years. We were able to average using eight different hybrids. This was a great growing year for corn, but heat units were lacking, especially for later planted corn. We were very pleased to top 250 with two of our hybrids (BECK EX 1420 (5939 Genetics) * & BECK 6175AM * ). This 300 bushel challenge will continue to be a study until we can consistently reach 300, and who knows, it might be right around the corner with the multi-hybrid planter and new high yielding corn genetics. 279

280 Ohio PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S 300 Bushel Attempt Continuous Corn PLANTED: May 27, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 19, 2014 TILLAGE: Spring Disc/Vertical-till POPULATION: 37,883 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Post: 2.5 qt. Lexar, 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX, 0.5 lb. Generic Atrazine ROWS: Three 30" Rows INSECTICIDE: Escalate, Force 3G REPLICATIONS: Four (averaged) This is a 300 bushel corn after corn yield attempt. In this study, we use multiple hybrids in an attempt to achieve our goal. There are many different management practices used to achieve 300 For this study, practices included planting at 37,883 seeds/a. and increasing nitrogen to 300 lb. of UAN in split applications. We also applied 22 oz. P Max and 20 gal placed 2x2, along with 2 qt. Boost, 2 oz. Seed Power, 1 qt. Sulfur Plus and 4 gal using an in-furrow system during planting. Later in the season we added 10 oz. Headline AMP, 8 oz. Bio-Forge, 8 oz. Energy Power, 1 gal. Sugar Power and 0.5 gal. Reserve Power using a high clearance sprayer. Brand Harvest Population * ** Phoenix brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. Phoenix is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. Bu/A. and test weight corrected to 15% moisture. Test Weight Bushels Phoenix 6542A4 ** 36, BECK 6175AM * 36, BECK 6626AM-R * 35, BECK 5475AM * 36, Phoenix 5642A4 ** 36, Phoenix 6442A4 ** 35, BECK 5828AM * 36, BECK 5509VR 36, AVERAGE 35, This year s 300 bushel challenge was definitely a challenge. We did not get this study planted until the 27th of May due to cool, wet conditions. We fell short of our goal of 300 but we did manage to average Phoenix 6542A4 ** averaged 245 along with a few other strong yielders in this challenge. This is always a fun attempt and just because we didn t make it this year does not mean we will never make it to 300 We will keep challenging ourselves every year in trying to achieve our goal of

281 Rainfall in Inches Ohio PFR BECK S VT Fungicide Study PLANTED: May 7, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 17, 2014 TILLAGE: Spring Disc/Vertical-till POPULATION: 32,271 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Post: 2.5 qt. Lexar, 24 oz. Roundup PowerMAX, 0.5 lb. Generic Atrazine ROWS: Four 30" Rows INSECTICIDE: Escalate, Force 3G REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) This study evaluates hybrid specific response to fungicide applications. Six corn hybrids were compared with and without Headline AMP fungicide ground applied at full tassel (VT). Treatment Test Weight Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment BECK 5475AM * - MEDIUM RESPONSE Control $ oz. Headline VT $ $24.11 AVERAGE BECK 6175AM * - LOW RESPONSE Control $ oz. Headline VT $ $45.45 AVERAGE BECK 6948A3 - LOW RESPONSE Control $ oz. Headline VT $ $28.24 AVERAGE BECK EX 1420 (5939 GENETICS) * - MEDIUM RESPONSE Control $ oz. Headline VT $ $61.70 AVERAGE BECK EX 1434 (6365 GENETICS) * - MEDIUM RESPONSE Control $ oz. Headline VT $ $46.17 AVERAGE PHOENIX 5552EZ ** - HIGH RESPONSE Control $ oz. Headline VT $ $27.66 AVERAGE TREATMENT SUMMARY Control $ oz. Headline VT $ $38.89 AVERAGE * ** Phoenix brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. Phoenix is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. Bu/A. and test weight corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $0.04/point drying cost, $260.00/gal. Headline AMP and $7.00/A. application cost. The cool temperatures and early rainfall provided ample opportunity for leaf diseases in There was plenty of Gray Leaf Spot and Northern Corn Leaf Blight throughout Ohio this year. Disease pressure was high enough that every hybrid showed a large yield increase from the fungicide as well as a positive return on investment. The Beck s response to fungicide rating was not applicable this year due to the high incidence. This year is a good reminder that diligent scouting is always needed. Using a fungicide generally makes a healthier plant, which often results in higher moisture contents. On average the moisture content of the fungicide treated plots was 1.3 points higher, although differences between hybrids were noted. 281

282 Ohio PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Planting Date Study PLANTED: Various PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: Various TILLAGE: Spring Disc/Vertical-till POPULATION: 32,271 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Post: 2.5 qt. Lexar, 24 oz. Roundup PowerMAX, 0.5 lb. Generic Atrazine ROWS: Three 30" Rows INSECTICIDE: Escalate, Force 3G To evaluate the performance of two hybrids planted on several dates throughout the growing season. The long term goal of this study is to gather several years of data to help our customers find the optimum planting date window for corn. Brand Planting Date Harvest Population Bushels BECK 6543HR * April 22nd 29, Phoenix 5552A4 ** April 22nd 29, AVERAGE 29, BECK 6543HR * May 7th 27, Phoenix 5552A4 ** May 7th 32, AVERAGE 29, BECK 6543HR * May 22nd 27, Phoenix 5552A4 ** May 22nd 32, AVERAGE 29, BECK 6543HR * June 2nd 31, Phoenix 5552A4 ** June 2nd 34, AVERAGE 32, BECK 6543HR * June 16th 29, Phoenix 5552A4 ** June 16th 28, AVERAGE 28, * ** Phoenix brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. Phoenix is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. Bu/A. corrected to 15% moisture Yield by Planting Date Average Yield /22 5/7 5/22 6/2 6/16 Planting Date Figure 1. In previous years we have typically seen earlier planting dates producing higher yields. This year we saw the highest yields at the May 22nd planting date with an average of Yields were higher for planting dates prior to May 22nd than they were for later planting dates. Yields declined quickly with planting dates later than May 22nd. Data suggests that planting early instead of late in the season is better as long as planting conditions are favorable. 282

283 Rainfall in Inches Ohio PFR BECK S Replant Study PLANTED: April 22, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: October 12, 2014 TILLAGE: Spring Disc/Vertical-till POPULATION: Various HERBICIDE: Post: 2.5 qt. Lexar, 24 oz. Roundup PowerMAX, 0.5 lb. Generic Atrazine ROWS: Three 30" Rows INSECTICIDE: Escalate, Force 3G Often times, the decision to replant can be a tough one for growers. The purpose of this study is to evaluate corn stands and determine whether or not it is profitable to replant. This is done by evaluating the yield performance of corn planted at 21,525 seeds/a. with random spacing versus a more uniform 32,271 seeds./a. at various planting dates. Brand & Planting Date Population (seeds/a.) Bushels Replant Advantage Net^ Return Additional $/A. BECK 6543HR * April 22nd (Normal 1st Planting) 32, $ April 22nd 21, $ May 5th (Replanted) 32, $ $78.88 May 5th 21, $ May 22nd (Replanted) 32, $ $ May 22nd 21, $ June 2nd (Replanted) 32, $ $30.90 June 2nd 21, $ June 16th (Replanted) 32, $ $ PHOENIX 5552A4 ** April 22nd (Normal 1st Planting) 32, $ April 22nd 21, $ May 5th (Replanted) 32, $ $25.31 May 5th 21, $ May 22nd (Replanted) 32, $ $72.05 May 22nd 21, $ June 2nd (Replanted) 32, $ $2.12 June 2nd 21, $ June 16th (Replanted) 32, $ $43.13 ** Phoenix brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. Phoenix is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $0.04/point drying cost and $25.00/A. replant cost. Stand reductions reduce yields, but not at the same rate as plant populations. Reducing plant populations on April 22nd from 32,271 to 21,525 is a 33% reduction in plant population, but the yield reduction was 16% for BECK 6543HR * and 12% for Phoenix 5552A4 **. This year was stressful for corn emergence, especially those growers who planted prior to May 11th. Many Farmers were torn whether or not to replant based on their plant populations. According to this year s data it, it would have paid to replant. Comparing May 5th planting to May 22nd replant we saw a 72.6 advantage for BECK 6543HR * and a 42.9 advantage for Phoenix 5552A4 **. There was also a yield advantage to replant with reduced stands in April (33.8 for BECK 6543HR * and 6.2 for Phoenix 5552A4 ** ), although it was not economical to replant with Phoenix 5552A4 **. There are two messages coming from this year s data. First, it does not appear to pay to replant if you are planting for the first time in the second half of May and have a reduced stand. Second, the sooner you make a decision to replant, the higher the yields. If you planted BECK 6543HR * April 22nd and had stand reduction to 21,525 then your yield would have been If you had replanted by May 5th, your yield would have been

284 Ohio PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Planting Depth Study PLANTED: May 6, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: October 13, 2014 TILLAGE: Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 32,271 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX ROWS: Four 30" Rows Post: 2.5 qt. Lexar, 24 oz. Roundup PowerMax, 0.5 lb. Generic Atrazine INSECTICIDE: Escalate, Force 3G PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 5475AM * What is the ideal planting depth for corn? This may seem like an obvious question, but it is surprising to see how many farmers actually differ in their planting depth. This study examines the plant populations and yield from different planting depths. Planting Depth (inches) Harvest Population Test Weight Bushels * Bu/A. and test weight corrected to 15% moisture. ^Gross return is x $4.15/Bu. $/A. difference is difference x $4.15/Bu. Gross^ Return $/A (Control) 18, $ , $ $ , $ $ , $ $ , $ $ , $ $ , $ $40.26 AVERAGE 27, $ $74.15 vs in. Planting Depth in in in in in in. Planting Depth Figure 1. The planting depth study was interesting to watch throughout the year. At emergence time you could see visual differences, with 1.75 inches and 2.25 inches coming up the quickest and with the most uniformity. This equated with yield in the end, with the 1.75 inch planted corn yielding the highest closely followed by the 2.25 inches planted corn. The two lowest populations, along with the lowest yields, were planting depths of 0.75 inches and 1.25 inches. Planting greater than three inches provided greater plant stands and yields than the shallow planted. This study indicates it is better to plant too deep than too shallow for ideal stands and yield. You should target planting depths of inches according to this data. 284

Rainfall in Inches 4.52 4.04 6.91 5.32 1.86 22.

285 Rainfall in Inches Ohio PFR BECK S Planting Speed Study PLANTED: May 9, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: October 13, 2014 TILLAGE: Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 32,271 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Post: 2.5 qt. Lexar, 24 oz. Roundup PowerMAX, 0.5 lb. Generic Atrazine ROWS: Four 30" Rows INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 5475AM * How fast is too fast? Getting seeds into the ground in the spring is sometimes a challenge, but are we willing to compromise yield to be the first one done? We took a look at three different planting speeds to determine if planting speed affects yield. Speed (mph) Harvest Population Test Weight Bushels * Bu/A. and test weight corrected to 15% moisture. ^Gross return is x $4.15/Bu. $/A. difference is difference x $4.15/Bu. Gross^ Return $/A. 3 32, $ $ , $ $ (Control) 27, $ AVERAGE 29, $ $29.26 Not everyone is going to be able to purchase the new planters that are able to plant at ten mph, so we performed this study keeping the average farmer in mind. The results of this study showed that planting at a slower speed can increase yield and plant populations. We used three different speeds, and the data showed a 9 yield loss at nine mph compared to three mph. Even traveling at six mph resulted in a 3.9 loss in yield compared to the three mph. Just remember when going to the fields that quicker is not always the best policy. We continue to show methods that increase yields through our practical farm research, and planting speed may be one of those management techniques that can increase yield at no extra cost. Planting at the Ohio PFR Location 285

286 Ohio PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Tillage Study PLANTED: May 8, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 18, 2014 TILLAGE: Various POPULATION: 32,271 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX, 1 qt. 2,4-D ROWS: Three 30" Rows Post: 2.5 qt. Lexar, 24 oz. Roundup PowerMax, 0.5 lb. Generic Atrazine REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate, Force 3G Farmers prepare seedbeds utilizing many different tools, but they can be generally categorized into no-till, vertical-till, or conventional-till. This study compares three different tillage methods among four different hybrids. Brand Harvest Population Test Weight * ** Phoenix brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. Phoenix is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. Bu/A. and test weight corrected to 15% moisture. Bushels NO-TILL BECK 5475AM * 28, BECK 6175AM * 25, BECK 6272AM-R * 25, Phoenix 5832A3 ** 26, AVERAGE 26, VERTICAL-TILL BECK 5475AM * 24, BECK 6175AM * 25, BECK 6272AM-R * 22, Phoenix 5832A3 ** 23, AVERAGE 23, CONVENTIONAL-TILL BECK 5475AM * 28, BECK 6175AM * 25, BECK 6272AM-R * 26, Phoenix 5832A3 ** 25, AVERAGE 26, Beck's Tillage Study No-till Vertical-till Conventional-till Figure 1. This year showed a large yield increase with conventional tillage. Conventional-tilled ground showed over a 30 advantage compared to no-till and vertical-tillage. No-till and vertical-tillage showed similar yield results on average, although it varied by hybrid. Stressful emergence conditions after planting (May 8th) probably accounted for most of this difference. Close to 1.5 in. of rain occurred on May 12th followed by very cold temperatures May 15th-20th. This cold, damp weather kept the areas with more residue (no-till and vertical-tillage) colder even longer. All plant stands were reduced, but the uniformity of emergence was also impacted. Conventional tilled ground had more uniform emergence, ultimately resulting in higher yields. 286

287 Rainfall in Inches Ohio PFR BECK S Closing Wheel Study PLANTED: June 3, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 25, 2014 TILLAGE: No-Till POPULATION: 32,271 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX, 1 qt. 2,4-D ROWS: Two 30" Rows Post: 2.5 qt. Lexar, 24 oz. Roundup PowerMax, 0.5 lb. Generic Atrazine REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 6543HR * To determine what effects different closing wheel types have on plant emergence and yield. Five closing wheel combinations were tested. The control in this study was the solid rubber closing wheels. Unfavorable planting conditions were targeted for this study. Closing Wheel Harvest Population Test Weight Bushels Return on Investment Yetter Spikes with Drag Chains 33, $28.22 One Dawn Guagetine /One Dawn Curvetine 28, $15.77 Dawn Curvetine M-Series 29, $12.04 Solid Rubber (Control) 28, One Yetter Spike/One Rubber 31, $2.91 AVERAGE 30, $13.28 * Bu/A. and test weight corrected to 15% moisture. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. The Dawn Gaugetine and Curvetine Combination is experimental. This combination is not recommended by Dawn Equipment Company. This is the first year we conducted this study at the London PFR site. Results from 2014 showed the greatest harvest population and yield from the Yetter Spikes with drag chains. This study was planted June 3rd in a no-till field with less than ideal conditions, and we still saw an improvement in plant stands of 4,600 plants per acre with the Yetter Spike with chains over the solid rubber wheels. The yield increase of 6.8 resulted in a $28.22/A. return on investment. This is a study we will continue with next year to see if the results remain consistent. A variety of closing wheels on display during the Ohio PFR Field Show. 287

288 Ohio PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Nitrogen Timing Study PLANTED: May 25, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: October 17, 2014 TILLAGE: Spring Disc/Vertical-till POPULATION: 32,271 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Post: 2.5 qt. Lexar, 24 oz. Roundup PowerMAX, 0.5 lb. Generic Atrazine ROWS: Four 30" Rows REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 6175AM * To evaluate various nitrogen timings in a corn after soybean rotation. Application timings consist of preplant incorporated, 2x2 starter at planting, and various sidedress programs. This study is designed to evaluate timing efficiencies, nitrogen loss and yield. The control in this study is the 100% preplant incorporated treatment. Nitrogen Timing Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment 10 gal. 2x2 UAN f/b Balance Sidedress V $ $ % UAN Preplant f/b 50% Sidedress V $ $ % Sidedress V $ $ % Preplant Incorporated UAN (Control) $ AVERAGE $ $99.76 * corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $0.60/lb. UAN and $7.00/A. application cost (on 50/50 entry). With the well above average rainfall received in June and July this year, we saw a large yield response to all of the treatments with a sidedress application. The greatest response was with 10 gallons 28% (30 lb. of nitrogen at preplant) applied in a 2x2 followed by 150 lb. at V10. The next highest response was with 50% preplant followed by 50% at V10. It appears a little nitrogen upfront is needed to maximize yield versus a strictly post emerge nitrogen application. Putting all of your nitrogen upfront can be risky and in 2014 it cost $115.00/A. 288

289 Rainfall in Inches Ohio PFR BECK S Nitrogen Rate Study Corn After Soybeans PLANTED: May 6, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: October 12, 2014 TILLAGE: Spring Disc/Vertical-till POPULATION: 32,271 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Post: 2.5 qt. Lexar, 24 oz. Roundup PowerMAX, 0.5 lb. Generic Atrazine ROWS: Four 30" Rows INSECTICIDE: Escalate REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 5828AM * This study is designed to help find the economic optimum nitrogen rate (EONR); that is the rate of nitrogen that maximizes profitability. Seven nitrogen rates ranging from lbs./a. were evaluated in a corn after soybean rotation. All entries, with the exception of the 0 lbs./a. control, received 15 gallons of 28% UAN as a 2x2 application at planting followed by a sidedress application of 28% UAN at the V3 growth stage to meet the total amount of nitrogen for each treatment. Ohio PFR Operations Lead, Kyle Hoppes, planting in London, OH. Pounds of Nitrogen Harvest Population Test Weight * Bu/A. and test weight corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. $0.60/lb. UAN. Bushels Net^ Return 0 31, $ , $ , $ , $ , $ , $ , $ AVERAGE 29, $ $ Economic Optimum Nitrogen Rate Corn After Soybeans Net Return $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Nitrogen Rate (lb.) Figure 1. $0.50/lb. N. $0.60/lb. N. $0.70/lb. N. In 2014 our yields began leveling off at 125 lb. of nitrogen. However, the highest agronomic yield was at 200 lb. of nitrogen at and the highest economic rate was 150 lb. at $848.32/A. Economic return from 125 lb. to 200 lb. of nitrogen were within $8.00/A. The other interesting aspect of nitrogen rates is how they affect moisture. It has been noted that both low and high nitrogen rates have higher grain moisture, and this plot seemed to show that. At 150 lb. of nitrogen, the grain moisture was at least two points lower than no nitrogen and 225 lb. rate. 289

290 Ohio PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Corn After Cover Crop Study PLANTED: May 6, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: October 13, 2014 TILLAGE: No-Till POPULATION: 32,271 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 48 oz. Roundup PowerMAX, 6 oz. 2,4-D Barrage ROWS: Four 30" Rows Post: 2.5 qt. Lexar, 24 oz. Roundup PowerMax, 0.5 lb. Generic Atrazine REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 5828AM * In this study we evaluate the advantages of cover crops and their ability to increase yield by improving soil tilth, scavenging for and producing nitrogen, and shattering compaction. Corn was planted into three different cover crops which had been planted in the fall of In addition, three different nitrogen programs were evaluated to assess nitrogen scavenging and sequestration. These nitrogen rates consisted of 180 lb. (100% N program), 135 lb. (75% nitrogen program), and 90 lb. (50% nitrogen program). Cover Crop & Pounds of Nitrogen Harvest Population Test Weight Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment BECK S CORN CHAMPION MIX 90 30, $ $ , $ $ , $ $3.09 AVERAGE 31, $ $22.73 BECK S ANNUAL RYEGRASS 90 31, $ $ , $ $ , $ $30.47 AVERAGE 30, $ $20.37 BECK S GROUNDBUILDER RADISH + OATS 90 32, $ $ , $ $ , $ $18.36 AVERAGE 32, $ $8.68 CONTROL 90 31, $ , $ , $ AVERAGE 31, $ * Bu/A. and test weight corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $0.60/lb. UAN, $2.00/lb. Beck s Corn Champion Mix, $2.98/lb. Beck s Groundbuilder Radish & Oats Mix and $0.80/lb. Beck s Annual Ryegrass 290

Rainfall in Inches 4.52 4.04 6.91 5.32 1.86 22.65 Ohio PFR BECK S Corn After Cover Crop Study - Continued Yields - Corn after Cover Crop 210.0 205.0 200.0 195.0 190.0 185.0 180.0 175.0 170.0 90lbs.

The Beck s Corn Champion Mix contains Appin turnips, oilseed radishes, and Crimson clover. This mix resulted in the highest average yield and the greatest average return on investment of 206.

All of the cover crops provided greater yield than the control, although the Beck s Groundbuilder Radish and Oats did not always provide a positive return on investment.

291 Rainfall in Inches Ohio PFR BECK S Corn After Cover Crop Study - Continued Yields - Corn after Cover Crop lbs. 135lbs. 180lbs. 90lbs. 135lbs. 180lbs. 90lbs. 135lbs. 180lbs. 90lbs. 135lbs. 180lbs. Beck's Corn Champion Mix Beck's Annual Ryegrass Beck's Groundbuilder Radish + Oats Control Figure 1. The Beck s Corn Champion Mix contains Appin turnips, oilseed radishes, and Crimson clover. This mix resulted in the highest average yield and the greatest average return on investment of and $22.73/A., respectively. Beck s Annual Ryegrass also provided an average positive return on investment of $20.37/A. All of the cover crops provided greater yield than the control, although the Beck s Groundbuilder Radish and Oats did not always provide a positive return on investment. What was interesting is that the Beck s Corn Champion Mix, which contains the nitrogen producing legume clover, provided the greatest return on investment with the lowest nitrogen rate. This study will continue over the years to see if cover crops continue to improve yields and allow farmers to reduce nitrogen rates in the future. Ohio PFR Operations Lead, Kyle Hoppes, with a high clearance cover crop seeder. 291

292 Ohio PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Capture LFR Study PLANTED: May 25, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: October 20, 2014 TILLAGE: Spring Disc/Vertical-till POPULATION: 32,271 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Post: 2.5 qt. Lexar, 24 oz. Roundup PowerMAX, 0.5 lb. Generic Atrazine ROWS: Three 30" Rows INSECTICIDE: Escalate REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) This study evaluates the use of Capture LFR Insecticide in-furrow on EZ and GT trait packages. We want to compare the effectiveness of Capture LFR with and without above and below ground insect protection trait packages. All seed used in this study was treated with Beck s Escalate yield enhancement system. Treatment Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment PHOENIX 5552GT ** Control $ oz. Capture LFR $ $0.50 AVERAGE $ PHOENIX 5552EZ ** Control $ oz. Capture LFR $ $8.21 AVERAGE $ ** Phoenix brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. Phoenix is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $7.97/A. Capture LFR, $217.00/bag Phoenix 5552GT ** and $262.00/bag Phoenix 5552EZ **. The results from this test were inconclusive. For Phoenix 5552GT ** there was virtually no advantage to using Capture LFR while Phoenix 5552EZ ** had an $8.21/A. advantage. An interesting observation is that moisture levels of the Capture LFR products were lower than the untreated checks. There was not much insect pressure in the plots this year. For multi-location Capture LFR research, refer to page

293 Rainfall in Inches Ohio PFR BECK S In-Furrow Study PLANTED: May 9, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: October 13, 2014 TILLAGE: Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 32,271 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Post: 2.5 qt. Lexar, 24 oz. Roundup PowerMAX, 0.5 lb. Generic Atrazine ROWS: Four 30" Rows INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 5475AM * Most growers utilize some sort of starter to give their corn crop an early boost. Some use a 2x2 strategy while others use an in-furrow application. As planters are becoming larger more growers are going to in-furrow applications. There is only so much salt you can apply to your corn crop without injuring the seed. This study is designed to figure out how much salt you can apply without hurting yields. Treatment Test Weight Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment 2.5 gal. 28% UAN $ $2.58 Control $ gal. 28% UAN $ $ gal. 28% UAN $ $52.36 AVERAGE $ $20.68 * Bu/A. and test weight corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $0.60/lb. UAN vs. No starter 2.5 gal. 28% UAN 5 gal. 28% UAN 7 gal. 28% UAN Figure 1. Applying 2.5 gallons of 28% (which is equivalent to 7.5 lb. of nitrogen) showed the greatest yield response to in-furrow applications. It was the only one which showed a positive return on investment of $2.58/A. All of the other treatments show that corn is susceptible to the salt effect of nitrogen from high levels of in-furrow applications. When five gallons or more were applied, yield was negatively impacted, as was the return on investment. 293

294 Ohio PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Pop-up Fertilizer Study PLANTED: May 26, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 20, 2014 TILLAGE: No-Till POPULATION: 32,271 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 48 oz. Roundup PowerMAX ROWS: Four 30" Rows Post: 2.5 qt. Lexar, 24 oz. Roundup PowerMax, 0.5 lb. Generic Atrazine REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 5475AM * To place a starter fertilizer in the furrow that will give you a positive ROI when you re planting corn. Placement of a starter fertilizer in the seed furrow, commonly called pop-up, requires care to prevent germination injury from fertilizer salts. The primary benefit of pop-up fertilizers is to provide an accessible nutrient source for root and plant growth when adverse conditions occur soon after planting. All the treatments used in this study were applied with the in-furrow Flo-Rite seed firmer through the liquid fertilizer system. Treatment Harvest Population Test Weight Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment 5 gal. N-tro 30, $ $ gal. Black Label Zn gal. Accomplish 30, $ $ gal. Nachurs , $ $ gal. RiseR 30, $ $60.46 Control 30, $ * Bu/A. and test weight corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $4.00/gal , $8.00/gal. N-tro, $12.00/gal. Accomplish, $14.00/gal. Black Label Zn and $14.00/gal. RiseR. The pop-up study was planted on May 26th, which was an ideal time for emergence (warm temperatures and no rainfall within 48 hours of planting). This resulted in virtually no difference in emergence. However, the pop-up fertilizer provided yield increases in all cases. N-tro provided the greatest yield increase over the control at 9.4 Although yield increases were observed, none of the treatments provided a positive return on investment. It will be interesting to see how these products perform under more stressful emergence conditions. In addition to yield increases, it was also interesting to see how all the treatments provided greater test weight, with RiseR increasing test weight over two pounds. 294 Beck s new London, Ohio Facilities under construction.

295 Rainfall in Inches Ohio PFR BECK S Gypsum Study PLANTED: May 25, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: October 20, 2014 TILLAGE: Spring Disc/Vertical-till POPULATION: 32,271 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Post: 2.5 qt. Lexar, 24 oz. Roundup PowerMAX, 0.5 lb. Generic Atrazine ROWS: Six 30" Rows INSECTICIDE: Escalate REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 6272AM-R * Some growers have been applying gypsum on their fields with potential benefits such as adding sulfur, improving soil drainage, and ultimately increasing yields. This is the first year of a multi-year study where gypsum is applied at different rates to see the effect on yield. In future years we will look at the effect on emerged populations. Treatment Test Weight Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment 2,000 lb. Pelletized Gypsum $ $ ,000 lb. Pelletized Gypsum $ $ lb. Pelletized Gypsum (Control) $ AVERAGE $ $71.43 * Bu/A. and test weight corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $135.00/ton pelletized gypsum. Gypsum was applied on top of the ground and not incorporated. Gypsum is used to help break up surface compaction and ultimately improve emergence. This plot was planted on May 25th, which was an ideal window for emergence in Ohio: temperatures were high and there was no significant rainfall event for at least a week. Despite this, there was an increase on yield of 10.2 with 2,000 lb. added, and a 6.1 increase with 1,000 lb. added, although the return on investment was negative. Overall, gypsum did not have an economic benefit for this year. We will continue this study to see what the long term effects are from using gypsum. 295

296 Ohio PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Soybean Show Plot PLANTED: May 29, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 20, 2014 TILLAGE: Spring Disc/Vertical-till POPULATION: 140,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 1 oz. Sharpen, 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX, 4.8 oz. Authority XL ROWS: Three 30" Rows Post: LL: 1 qt. Liberty, 0.3 oz. FirstRate, 6 oz. Clethodim RR:1 qt. Roundup PowerMax, 0.3 oz. FirstRate, 6 oz. Clethodim INSECTICIDE: Escalate Yield Rank Brand * corrected to 13% moisture. Relative Maturity Bushels GROUP II 1 BECK 294NR * BECK 298L BECK 233R4 * BECK 265NL BECK 278R4 * BECK 238L BECK 241NR * AVERAGE GROUP III & IV 1 BECK 418NR * BECK 419L BECK 312R4 * BECK 379L BECK 366L BECK 394L BECK 335NR * BECK 337L BECK 384R2 * BECK 368NR * BECK 313NL BECK 423NL BECK 328R2 * BECK 354L BECK 349L BECK 393R4 * BECK 358R4 * AVERAGE

Rainfall in Inches 4.52 4.04 6.91 5.32 1.86 22.65 Ohio PFR BECK S Escalate vs.

Roundup PowerMAX ROWS: Three 30" Rows Post: 1 qt. Roundup PowerMax, 0.3 oz. FirstRate, 6 oz.

297 Rainfall in Inches Ohio PFR BECK S Escalate vs. Untreated Study PLANTED: April 24, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 27, 2014 TILLAGE: No-Till POPULATION: 139,089 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 3.5 oz. Authority XL, 48 oz. Roundup PowerMAX ROWS: Three 30" Rows Post: 1 qt. Roundup PowerMax, 0.3 oz. FirstRate, 6 oz. Clethodim REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) Beck s Escalate yield enhancement system is a proprietary mix of yield enhancing products that come standard on all Beck s seed. Escalate offers insect protection, improved stands, seedling health and yield. This unique blend is sealed onto each seed using Beck s exclusive polymer. This study compares six different varieties of Escalate treated soybeans with untreated soybeans planted in late April. Brand Seed Treatment Emerged Population * corrected to 13% moisture. Population Bushels BECK 278R4 * Escalate 111,078 +4, Untreated 106, BECK 294NR * Escalate 117,612 +6, Untreated 111, BECK 312R4 * Escalate 108,900 +6, Untreated 102, BECK 328R2 * Escalate 119,790 +4, Untreated 115, BECK 368NR * Escalate 119,790 +8, Untreated 111, BECK 384R2 * Escalate 106,722 +2, Untreated 104, AVERAGE 111,260 +5, This year Escalate really paid dividends. The cold, wet conditions soon after planting showed why this proprietary mix can really increase yield. Emergence was greater with all treatments compared to untreated seed. The average increase in population was 5,445 plants/a. You could visibly see more plants and less leaf damage from bean leaf beetle feeding. Among all varieties, Beck s Escalate showed an average increase of 7.4 Some varieties showed a greater response than others, but all of them showed a positive yield increase. Untreated Soybeans Escalate Treated Soybeans 297

298 Ohio PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Herbicide Injury Study PLANTED: May 29, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: October 28, 2014 TILLAGE: No-Till POPULATION: 140,000 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX, 1 oz. Sharpen, 4.8 oz. Authority XL ROWS: Four 30" Rows Post: LL: 1 qt. Liberty REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) RR:1 qt. Roundup PowerMax INSECTICIDE: Escalate This study is designed to evaluate the use of Roundup Ready and LibertyLink herbicide programs. We want to observe if there are any yield effects associated with applications made at the R2, R3 and R4 growth stages. Our controls consist of each respective herbicide applied prior to the R1 growth stage. Treatment corrected to 13% moisture. Emerged Population Bushels BECK 337L4 Liberty Control 104, R2 117, R3 113, R4 108, AVERAGE 111, BECK 358R4 Roundup Control 119, R2 115, R3 121, R4 113, AVERAGE 117, According to their labels, glyphosate should be applied up to growth stage R2 (a flower at one of the top four nodes) and Liberty up to stage R1 (beginning to flower). Results from this study show there is a minimal yield loss when applying past the label restrictions, especially when applying at the R4 stage (pods are >0.75 in. at one of the top four nodes). Although the results from this study indicate it may be safe to apply herbicides late, we are not advocating this practice, and encourage customers to follow label restrictions. For multi-location herbicide injury research, refer to page

299 Rainfall in Inches Ohio PFR BECK S Tillage Study PLANTED: May 29, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 20, 2014 TILLAGE: Various POPULATION: 139,089 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 1 oz. Sharpen, 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX, 4.8 oz. Authority XL ROWS: Three 30" Rows Post: 0.3 oz. FirstRate, 1 qt. Roundup PowerMax, 6 oz. Clethodim REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate Farmers prepare seedbeds utilizing many different tools, but they can be generally categorized into no-till, vertical-tillage, or conventional-tillage. This study compares three different tillage methods among four different varieties. Brand * corrected to 13% moisture. Emerged Population Bushels NO-TILL BECK 278R4 * 137, BECK 335NR * 121, BECK 418NR * 108, BECK 433R2 * 135, AVERAGE 125, VERTICAL-TILL BECK 278R4 * 130, BECK 335NR * 111, BECK 418NR * 113, BECK 433R2 * 104, AVERAGE 114, CONVENTIONAL-TILL BECK 278R4 * 148, BECK 335NR * 115, BECK 418NR * 111, BECK 433R2 * 124, AVERAGE 124, Beck's Tillage Study Vertical-till No-till Conventional-till Figure 1. This year, the data showed that tillage methods had more of an impact on yield than variety choice. When comparing tillage methods, vertical tillage provided the largest yield increase over conventional-tillage with an average 10.1 advantage, while no-till was also higher yielding than conventional-tillage by 3.7 Bu/A. Varieties differed in yield, but all had the highest yield in vertical-tillage, followed by no-till, then conventional-tillage. BECK 335NR * showed the most variability with a 13.3 difference between vertical-tillage and conventional-till. Overall, the later maturity soybeans had higher yields than the earlier maturity soybeans. This was most likely due to a dry period in the first part of August when the seed size was being determined for the earlier maturities. London received rain in the second part of August which helped to increase size in the BECK 418NR * and BECK 433R2 *. 299

300 Ohio PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Cover Crop Study PLANTED: April 22, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: October 20, 2014 TILLAGE: No-Till POPULATION: 139,089 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX ROWS: Three 30" Rows Post: 0.3 oz. FirstRate, 6 oz. Clethodim, 1 qt. Roundup PowerMax INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 391R4 * The purpose of this study was to examine how different cover crops influence soybean growth and yields. The cover crops were seeded on October 4th, Cover Crop Emerged Population Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment Dixie Crimson Clover 76, $ $ Beck s Corn Champion Mix 77, $ $87.44 Austrian Winter Peas 106, $ $54.32 Beck s Bean Builder Mix 73, $ $10.74 Oats 75, $ $22.14 Beck s Annual Ryegrass 58, $ $7.84 Beck s Groundbuilder Radish 94, $ $24.16 Sunn Hemp 120, $ $55.16 Beck s Cereal Rye 86, $ $18.60 Control 78, $ AVERAGE 84, $ $21.89 * corrected to 13% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $11.20/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $11.20/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $20.40/A. Dixie Crimson Clover, $32.00/A. Corn Champion Mix, $36.00/A. Austrian Winter Peas, $24.70/A. Bean Builder Mix, $13.30/A. Oats, $11.70/A. Annual Ryegrass, $26.00/A. Groundbuilder Radish, $57.00/A. Sunn Hemp, $12.60/A. Cereal Rye and $6.00/A. application cost. This study was one of the most interesting studies to watch throughout the year. It was the first study planted at the London, Ohio PFR site. From the very start of the trial you could see differences. The soybeans planted on Sunn Hemp were the quickest out of the ground and had the highest stand. Sunn Hemp is a legume that does not survive the winter. As the growing season progressed the soybeans on Sunn Hemp grew taller than the soybeans on other cover crops, but did not develop very many nodules. Visually it looked the best, but was one of the worst yielding when compared with other cover crops. We believe the soybeans planted after Sunn Hemp ran out of nitrogen late. The interesting part of this study is that the three highest yielding plots contained legumes that overwinter: Beck s Crimson Clover, Beck s Corn Champion Mix (which contains 82% Crimson Clover), and Austrian Winter Peas. We feel that the soybeans on these crops developed nodules early, then utilized the nitrogen from the legumes later in the season, which contributed to the higher yields. All of the cover crops provided equal or greater yield than the control, but not all of them provided a positive return on investment. This study will be continued in future years. 300

301 Rainfall in Inches Ohio PFR BECK S Planting Date Study PLANTED: Various PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 28, 2014 TILLAGE: No-Till POPULATION: 139,089 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 48 oz. Roundup PowerMAX, 4.8 oz. Authority, 1 qt. Roundup ROWS: Three 30" Rows Post: 1 qt. Roundup PowerMax, 0.3 oz. FirstRate, 6 oz. Clethodim INSECTICIDE: Escalate When should I start planting soybeans? In the spring this is a question that we hear quite often. At each of the five PFR sites, we perform a planting date study to see when that optimum time to plant was each year. The goal of this study is to gather several years of data to help our customers narrow down the optimum planting date for soybeans. Brand Planting Date Emerged Population Bushels BECK 278R4 * April 22nd 108, BECK 391R4 * April 22nd 104, AVERAGE 106, BECK 278R4 * May 7th 108, BECK 391R4 * May 7th 108, AVERAGE 108, BECK 278R4 * May 23rd 104, BECK 391R4 * May 23rd 104, AVERAGE 104, BECK 278R4 * June 3rd 100, BECK 391R4 * June 3rd 95, AVERAGE 98, BECK 278R4 * June 17th 95, BECK 391R4 * June 17th 100, AVERAGE 98, * corrected to 13% moisture Planting Date Average Yield BECK 278R4 * & BECK 391R4 * April 22nd May 7th May 23rd June 3rd June 17th Planting Date Figure 1. This year s planting dates from April to June had an approximate yield difference of 13.1 The highest yielding planting date was the 7th of May with a yield of 65.7 followed by April 22nd, which yielded 60.3 The last week of May held strong at 55.3, but once we went into the month of June, the yields started to fall to 50 and below. This was a very strange year due to the cool, wet conditions. These conditions did not allow us to plant in the middle of May, which, in the past, showed nice results. BECK 391R4 * showed the highest yields at all planting dates except June 17th. The difference between varieties was probably due to the lack of moisture in early August, which caused seed size to be smaller with BECK 278R4 *. 301

302 Ohio PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Planting Depth Study PLANTED: May 30, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 28, 2014 TILLAGE: Spring Vertical-Till POPULATION: 139,089 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Post: 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX, 6 oz. Clethodim, 0.3 oz. FirstRate ROWS: Six 30" Rows PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 278R4 * INSECTICIDE: Escalate What is the ideal planting depth for soybeans? Growers vary from just getting the seed covered to close to two inches. This study evaluates the yield of five different planting depths. Planting Depth (Inches) Bushels (Control) AVERAGE * corrected to 13% moisture Planting Depth Yield Data in in in in..75 in. Planting Depth (Inches) Figure

Planting Depth 1.25 in. Planting Depth 1.75 in.

Planting Depth Growers are always looking for an easy way to

planting at 1.75-2.25 in. may provide that opportunity.

gave a yield increase of 8.7, just covering the seed at 0.75 in.

303 Rainfall in Inches Ohio PFR BECK S Planting Depth Study - Continued.75 in. Planting Depth 1.25 in. Planting Depth 1.75 in. Planting Depth 2.25 in. Planting Depth Growers are always looking for an easy way to improve yields without spending more money, and it looks like planting at in. may provide that opportunity. According to the results, planting at 2.25 in. gave a yield increase of 8.7, just covering the seed at 0.75 in. Planting at 1.75 in. resulted in a 6.6 Bu/A. increase, we encourage you to split a field next year to see if you get the same results in. Planting Depth 303

304 Ohio PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Population & Timing Study PLANTED: May 8, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: October 21, 2014 TILLAGE: No-Till POPULATION: Various HERBICIDE: Pre: 1 oz. Sharpen, 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX, 4.8 oz. Authority XL ROWS: Twelve 15" Rows Post: 1 qt. Roundup PowerMax, 0.3 oz. FirstRate INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 312R4 * We evaluated five different seeding rates from 100,000 to 200,000 seeds/a. and four different planting dates in 15 in. rows. The goal is to determine at what point in the season seeding rates need to be increased or decreased to maximize profitability. Planting Date & Population Bushels * corrected to 13% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $11.20/Bu.) minus treatment cost. $50.50/bag BECK 312R4 * Net Return^ with Seed Cost Net Return Rank MAY 8TH 100, $ , $ , $ , $ , $ AVERAGE 51.5 $ MAY 22ND 100, $ , $ , $ , $ , $ AVERAGE 55.9 $ JUNE 2ND 100, $ , $ , $ , $ , $ AVERAGE 39.3 $ JUNE 16TH 100, $ , $ , $ , $ , $ AVERAGE 39.9 $ This year s results showed 175,000 seeds/a. to be the most profitable for three out of the four planting dates. Planting dates in this study also showed that planting at 100,000 seeds/a. proved to be the least profitable for all four planting dates, especially the planting dates in June. May 8th turned out to be one of the worst planting dates in Ohio this year. Slow early growth, cool temperatures and herbicide injury resulted in reduced final stands. Even with reduced final stands, planting earlier resulted in higher yields than planting late. 304

305 Rainfall in Inches Ohio PFR BECK S Nematode Seed Treatment Study PLANTED: May 8, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: October 20, 2014 TILLAGE: No-Till POPULATION: 139,089 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 4.8 oz. Authority XL, 1 qt. Roundup PowerMAX, 1 oz. Sharpen ROWS: Four 30" Rows Post: 1 qt. Roundup PowerMax, 0.3 oz. FirstRate, 6 oz. Clethodim PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 335NR * Soybean cyst nematodes (SCN) are a perennial problem in some areas of Ohio and Indiana. Once growers have this pest in their field, it is almost impossible to eradicate. There are SCN resistant varieties, but the gene used to block SCN is used on over 90% of the soybean acres. SCN have started to overcome this resistance, so new forms of pest management are needed. This study compares two potential new seed treatments for SCN. Treatment Emerged Population Bushels Escalate + Poncho /VOTiVO + Optimize 98, Clariva Complete + Optimize 95, Escalate + Optimize (Control) 100, AVERAGE 98, * corrected to 13% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $11.20/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $11.20/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. The difference in yield between the different treatments was very minimal. At London, Ohio PFR we have very little to no SCN, so it was good to see that there were no yield differences. This means the seed treatments did not have a negative impact on yield. We would like to use this study as a PFR Partners program in the future for those areas that have SCN to see if these treatments are viable options to control this pest. For multi-location nematode seed treatment research, please refer to pages Harvesting plots at the London, Ohio PFR location. 305

306 Ohio PFR Rainfall in Inches BECK S Induced Stress Study PLANTED: April 24, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: October 20, 2014 TILLAGE: No-Till POPULATION: 139,089 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: 3.5 oz. Authority XL, 48 oz. Roundup PowerMAX ROWS: Six 30" Rows Post: 1 qt. Roundup PowerMax, 0.3 oz. FirstRate, 6 oz. Clethodim REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 391R4 * It has been observed that stress at certain stages can increase soybean yields, such as herbicide drift and hail in the vegetative growth stage. This study attempts to increase yield by inducing stress using both mechanical (rolling and mowing) and chemical methods. X-Cyte regulates genes associated with sugar transport, increasing sugars in the reproductive part of the plant. Treatment Emerged Population Bushels Control 119, R3 101, V8 119, Mechanical V8 87, AVERAGE 106, * corrected to 13% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $11.20/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $11.20/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. None of the treatments showed to be as good as the control. The X-Cyte treatment was the closest to the control, yet still underperformed by 2.5 Mowing resulted in more branching and a thicker stem after taking out the main growing point, yet it caused yields to be 10.3 lower than the control. Rolling stressed many plants and even killed a few, resulting in the lowest yield. Other PFR locations have tried inducing soybean stress in years past with a lawn roller and have always had lower yields. Timing of the different treatments may account for some of the results. Panoramic view of harvest in London, Ohio. 306

307 Multi-Location BECK S VT Fungicide Study (CIL, CIN, KY, OH) This study evaluates hybrid-specific response to fungicide applications. Six corn hybrids were compared with and without Headline AMP fungicide ground applied at full tassel (VT). Brand Treatment Bushels Yield Advantage vs. Untreated Return on Investment BECK 5475 * Untreated BECK 5475 * 10 oz. Headline AMP $4.95 BECK EX 1420 (5939 Genetics) * Untreated BECK EX 1420 (5939 Genetics) * 10 oz. Headline AMP $17.24 Phoenix 5552EZ ** Untreated Phoenix 5552EZ ** 10 oz. Headline AMP $9.65 BECK 6175 * Untreated BECK 6175 * 10 oz. Headline AMP $6.55 BECK EX 1434 (6365 Genetics) * Untreated BECK EX 1434 (6365 Genetics) * 10 oz. Headline AMP $5.32 BECK 6948A3 Untreated BECK 6948A3 10 oz. Headline AMP $10.94 AVERAGE $3.28 * ** Phoenix brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. Phoenix is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $260.00/gal. Headline AMP, $7.00/A. application cost and $0.04/point drying cost. The cool temperatures and early rainfall provided ample opportunity for leaf diseases in There was plenty of gray leaf spot and northern corn leaf blight throughout our marketing region this year. Disease pressure was high enough that every hybrid showed a yield increase from the fungicide as well as a positive return on investment for four out of the six hybrids tested. It was no surprise that we found negative returns for BECK 6175 * and BECK 6948A3, as they have a low response to fungicide applications. Across all five locations, we were able to average a $3.28/A. return on investment when applying a VT fungicide application to the six multilocation hybrids tested in This year is a good reminder that diligent scouting is always needed, but also take into consideration the fungicide response of individual hybrids when placing your seed orders. 307

308 Multi-Location BECK S Fungicide Timing Study (CIL, CIN, SIL) The goal of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of Priaxor and Headline AMP fungicides on three different corn hybrids at our Central Illinois, Southern Illinois, and Central Indiana PFR locations. Treatment timings will consist of 4 oz. Priaxor at the V5 growth stage, 10 oz. Headline AMP at full tassel (VT), as well as a combination of both treatments. VT applications are most commonly used in our marketing area. However, over the past few years, there has been a focus on early, preventative fungicide applications at or near the V5 growth stage. Brand & Treatment Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment BECK 5509A3 Control $ oz. V $ $ oz. Headline VT $ $ oz. V oz. Headline VT $ $22.91 AVERAGE $ $20.65 BECK 5828 * GENETICS Control $ oz. V $ $ oz. Headline VT $ $ oz. V oz. Headline VT $ $11.12 AVERAGE $ $11.62 PHOENIX 5832A3 ** Control $ oz. V $ $ oz. Headline VT $ $ oz. V oz. Headline VT $ $4.20 AVERAGE $ $0.84 * ** Phoenix brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. Phoenix is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. corrected to 15% moisture. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $543.00/gal. Priaxor, $260.00/gal. Headline AMP and $7.00/A. application cost (VT only). V5 Fungicide Timing: CIL, SIL, CIN VT Fungicide Timing: CIL, SIL, CIN Return on Investment/A. $0.00 -$5.00 -$ $ $ $25.00 BECK 5509A3 (high) BECK 5828 * (Genetics) (med.) Phoenix 5832A3** (low) Return -$ $ $3.69 Yield Yield Increase/A. Return on Investment/A. $10.00 $5.00 $0.00 -$5.00 -$ $ $20.00 BECK 5509A3 (high) BECK 5828 * (Genetics) (med.) Phoenix 5832A3** (low) Return -$ $12.96 $5.37 Yield Yield Increase/A. Figure 1. Figure

309 BECK S Fungicide Timing Study - Continued (CIL, CIN, SIL) Multi-Location V5+VT Fungicide Timing: CIL, SIL, CIN Fungicide Application Summary: CIL, SIL, CIN Return on Investment/A. $0.00 -$5.00 -$ $ $ $25.00 BECK 5509A3 (high) BECK 5828 * (Genetics) (med.) Phoenix 5832A3** (low) Return -$ $ $4.20 Yield Yield Increase/A. Return on Investment/A. $0.00 -$2.00 -$4.00 -$6.00 -$8.00 -$ $ $14.00 VT V5 V5+VT Return -$7.96 -$ $12.75 Yield Yield Increase/A. Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 1. illustrates the net return and yield response of all three hybrids in regard to V5 Priaxor applications. BECK 5828 * Genetics and Phoenix 5832A3 ** exhibited higher yields of 0.7 and 5.3, respectively, from V5 fungicide applications. BECK 5509A3 showed a minimal yield loss of -0.4 In regards to net return, all three hybrids realized net losses from V5 applications of -$22.76 to -$3.69/A. Figure 2. shows the net return and yield response of all three hybrids when Headline AMP was applied at the VT growth stage. Phoenix 5832A3 ** was the only hybrid that exhibited higher yields and returns of 11.0 and $5.37/A. from VT applications. BECK 5828 * Genetics and BECK 5509A3 both provided yield increases of 4.4 and 5.4 respectively. Though these were generous yield increases, it was not enough to cover the cost of application and fungicide. Figure 3. exhibits the net return and yield response of all three hybrids when applied with both V5 and VT fungicide treatments. All three hybrids provided yield increases of , but, once again, these yield increases were not enough to cover the cost of application and fungicide, which resulted in net return losses of -$22.91 to -$4.20/A. Fungicide testing needs to continue to truly understand the value of V5 and VT fungicide treatments. In this multi-location summary VT application was the only treatment to offer any economic gain. Figure 4 illustrates the overall differences in yield and net return from all fungicide applications in this study. Combination treatments offered the highest average yield gain of 10.5, but still was not high enough to cover cost of treatment. VT and V5 treatments both provided yield gains, but suffered the highest net return losses. We must pay close attention to weather conditions, crop rotation, leaf disease presence, and fungicide response ratings for each hybrid to fully comprehend and evaluate fungicide applications. This rating is provided by Beck s Hybrids for every corn hybrid that we currently have in our lineup and it can be a great predictor of how corn hybrids respond to various levels of leaf diseases. These fungicide response ratings cannot replace scouting fields for leaf disease, but can give an indication of how hybrids need to be managed throughout the growing season. Please contact your local Beck s representative for more information regarding corn hybrid fungicide response. 309

310 Multi-Location BECK S Nitrogen Rate Study Corn After Soybeans (CIL, CIN, KY, SIL) & Continuous Corn (CIL, CIN, SIL) How much nitrogen should I apply to my corn crop? This is one of the most common questions that we receive from growers, and one of the most difficult to answer. Although the Beck s Practical Farm Research team has developed numerous studies to evaluate nitrogen management over the years, and the nitrogen rate study has been the flagship of these testing efforts. In 2006, we were approached by both Purdue University and the University of Illinois to help gather data that might help growers answer this very question. At that time we adopted the philosophy of basing our nitrogen rate recommendations on the Economic Optimum Nitrogen Rate (EONR), or the rate that maximizes profitability for a given cost of nitrogen and price for corn. Overtime, the protocol that we use to determine the EONR has evolved. We are currently testing rates that range from lb./a. for corn after soybeans and lb./a. for continuous corn. Treatments are replicated at least twice at each of our Practical Farm Research facilities. All nitrogen is split applied with a portion of the nitrogen applied at planting, either broadcast or 2x2 and the balance sidedressed at the V3-V4 growth stages. All continuous corn treatments were placed in the same strips as they were in previous years. The yield results for each treatment are plotted on a chart that allows us to determine the approximate yield for each pound of additional nitrogen fertilizer that is applied for that given data set. A selected price per bushel of corn and price per pound of nitrogen are applied, resulting in the EONR. Essentially, this has given us the ability to calculate the rate of nitrogen that will maximize profitability based on pricing scenarios given to us by our customers for their farms, using yield data collected through Practical Farm Research testing. The results seen below are based on $4.15/Bu. corn and $0.60/lb. of nitrogen using multi-location data both from 2014 and collectively over the past six years. $ Economic Optimum Nitrogen Rate Corn After Soybeans Net Return $ $ $ $ $ $ $ lb./a. $ Nitrogen Rate Figure 1. $ $ $ Economic Optimum Nitrogen Rate Corn After Soybeans Six-Year Data Net Return $ $ $ $ $ $ lb./a. $ Nitrogen Rate 310 Figure 2.

311 BECK S Nitrogen Rate Study - Continued Corn After Soybeans (CIL, CIN, KY, SIL) & Continuous Corn (CIL, CIN, SIL) Multi-Location $ Economic Optimum Nitrogen Rate Continuous Corn $ $ Net Return $ $ $ $ lb./a. $ $ Nitrogen Rate Figure 3. $ $ $ Economic Optimum Nitrogen Rate Continuous Corn Six-Year Data Net Return $ $ $ $ $ $ lb./a. $ Nitrogen Rate Figure 4. The Economic Optimum Nitrogen Rate (EONR) for corn after soybeans, based on yield data collected in 2014 at a price of $4.15/Bu. corn and a nitrogen cost of $0.60/lb. of nitrogen, is 202 lb./a. (Figure 1). Applying the same economic scenario to yield data collected over the past six years suggests an EONR of 180 lb./a. (Figure 2). Data collected from our continuous corn testing in 2014 suggested an EONR of 212 lb./a. (Figure 3). The six-year average shows an EONR of 211 lb./a. (Figure 4). Our six-year averages suggest that nitrogen rates for continuous corn should be approximately 31 lb./a. higher than nitrogen rates used for corn after soybean to maximize profitability. This is not surprising, considering that we are often planting at higher populations and leaving more residue on the ground, thus increasing the carbon penalty for growing continuous corn. For specific location results, please refer to the Nitrogen Rate Studies listed under each PFR site. 311

312 Multi-Location BECK S Nitrogen Stabilizer Study (CIL, CIN, KY, OH) Each year many corn growers apply UAN liquid nitrogen in the spring as a part of their nitrogen program. This multi-location nitrogen stabilizer study evaluates three products that have the ability to reduce nitrogen losses that can occur from lack of incorporation, dry weather, or high velocity winds. All nitrogen enhancement products along with 180 lb. of nitrogen were surface applied pre-emerge. Treatment Test Weight Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment Control $ oz. Instinct $ $ lb./ton UAN Agrotain Plus $ $ %/100 gal. UAN Nutrisphere-N $ $0.84 AVERAGE $ $8.97 and test weight corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $65.00/gal. Nutrisphere-N, $5.00/lb. Agrotain Plus, and $37.00/gal. Instinct $18.00 $16.00 $14.00 $12.00 Three-Year Multi-Location Average (2011 & 2012 treatments were preplant incorporated) $/A. $10.00 $ $ $ $ $0.00 Instinct Agrotain Plus Nutrisphere-N ROI $16.85 $8.37 $1.66 Yield Gain Figure 1. When we evaluated this four location data, we received an average 6.5 yield benefit which equated to an $8.97/A. return on investment (ROI). Instinct is the only product we tested that does not protect against volatilization. However, in this pre-emerge applied study, it was our top-performing product in terms of yield gain and return on investment. This could be explained by the frequent rain events that occurred at all of our PFR sites throughout the 2014 growing season. The last two years all treatments were preplant incorporated, with this year being the first for surface applying pre-emerge. Figure 1 represents the last three years of multi-location yield gain and ROI for our Nitrogen Stabilizer Study. For specific location results, please refer to the Nitrogen Stabilizer Studies listed under each PFR site. 312

313 Multi-Location BECK S Nitrogen Utilization Multi-Year Study (CIL, CIN, KY, SIL) When talking about a certain hybrid, have you ever heard the statement, That hybrid is a nitrogen hog or That hybrid needs all of its nitrogen upfront? If you wonder what that means, this study is designed to answer those questions and to gain a better understanding of nitrogen use on a per hybrid basis. We tested two nitrogen programs, listed below, and implemented this study at four Practical Farm Research sites. 150 LB. PREPLANT ONLY 75 LB. PREPLANT AND 75 LB. SIDEDRESS Brand FOUR LOCATION AVERAGE 2014 Advantage from Split Nitrogen Phoenix 5552EZ ** +3.5 Phoenix 6542A4 ** +7.3 BECK 6348A BECK EX 1434 (6365 Genetics) * +9.0 BECK 5828 * Genetics +9.3 BECK 6175 * Genetics +9.6 BECK 6626 * Genetics BECK EX 1420 (5939 Genetics) * BECK 5475 * Genetics Phoenix 5832A3 ** BECK 5509A BECK 6272AM-R * * XL brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. XL is a registered trademark of Pioneer. ** Phoenix brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. Phoenix is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. corrected to 15% moisture. THREE-YEAR SUMMARY Advantage Brand from Split Nitrogen Phoenix 5552 ** Genetics -1.0 BECK 6175 * Genetics -0.5 BECK 5475 * Genetics +3.0 BECK 6626 * Genetics +3.2 BECK 5509A BECK 6272 * Genetics FOUR-YEAR SUMMARY Advantage Brand from Split Nitrogen BECK 6175 * Genetics +0.4 BECK 6626 * Genetics +3.8 BECK 6272AM-R * +9.3 In 2014, we compared nitrogen efficiency between 100% preplant and split applied treatments across twelve hybrids. The individual year data shows how the environment affects the plant s use of nitrogen. However, when we combine the data into a three or fouryear average we see some similar trends. The hybrids that show a negative or very low advantage to split applied nitrogen use nitrogen more efficiently. A good example of these types of hybrids would be the BECK 75 family. Our three-year summary shows BECK 6175 * Genetics and BECK 5475 * Genetics having a mere 1.3 average benefit to the split application of nitrogen. In general, hybrids that show a large response to split-applied nitrogen tend to be less efficient users of nitrogen. This study helps identify which hybrids benefit from a split application of nitrogen. This can be helpful in prioritizing acres to sidedress and appropriate placement of hybrids in the field. We plan to continue this study to evaluate nitrogen use over multiple years and genetic families. 313

314 Multi-Location BECK S Nitrogen Timing Study Corn After Soybeans (CIN, KY, SIL) To evaluate various nitrogen timings in a corn after soybean rotation. Application timings consist of preplant incorporated, 2x2 starter at planting, and various sidedress programs. This study is designed to evaluate timing efficiencies, nitrogen loss and yield. The control in this study is the 100% preplant incorporated treatment. All treatments in this study received a total of 180 lb./a. of nitrogen. Nitrogen Timing Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment 100% Preplant Incorporated UAN (Control) $ gal. 2x2 UAN f/b Balance Sidedress V $ $ % Preplant Incorporated UAN f/b 50% Sidedress UAN V4-V $ $ % Sidedress V $ $ % Sidedress V $ $8.72 AVERAGE $ $23.81 corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $0.60/lb. UAN and $6.00/A. application cost (50% preplant/50% sidedress only). $/A. $50.00 $45.00 $40.00 $35.00 $30.00 $25.00 $20.00 $15.00 $10.00 $5.00 Three-Year Multi-Location Average $ gal. 2x2 f/b Sidedress V3 100% Sidedress V3 50% PPI f/b 50% Sidedress V4-V5 100% Sidedress V6 ROI $46.48 $42.33 $38.41 $11.62 Yield Gain Figure 4. In recent years, split and 100% in-season nitrogen applications proved more profitable than 100% preplant incorporated (PPI). This year, all treatments followed that same trend except for the 100% V6 sidedress application. On average losses of $8.72/A. were realized when applying 100% of the nitrogen later in the growing season. Overall, the 2x2 followed by V3 sidedress treatment has been our most profitable program the last three years. Figure 1 illustrates the three-year multi-location yield gain and return on investment when compared to the 100% PPI control. For specific location results, please refer to the Nitrogen Timing Studies listed under each PFR site. 314

315 Multi-Location BECK S Corn Silage Study To find hybrids that combine high tonnage with excellent nutritional quality. This combination produces the highest pounds of milk per acre as calculated by the Milk 2006 Program developed by the University of Wisconsin. The pounds of milk per acre data combines the yield in tons with the nutritional data to form one easy to understand number. Brand Lb. of Milk/A. Yield at 65% (ton/a.) Milk/ ton Starch NDF Crude Protein TDN NDFD 48hr % of DM IVTD 48hr % of DM BECK 6575HR * BECK 5385A BECK 6272AM-R * BECK 6348A BECK EX 1434 (6365 Genetics) * Phoenix 6542A4 ** BECK EX 8361 (6347 Genetics) BECK 6626AMX-R * BECK 6948A BECK 5475AMXT * Phoenix 5832A3 ** BECK 6733HXR * BECK 6967VR BECK 5140HR * BECK 6175AMXT * BECK 6543HR * AVERAGE * ** Phoenix brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. Phoenix is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. Data calculated using the University of Wisconsin Milk 2006 Program. NDF TDN IVTD Lb. of Milk/A. & Ton Neutral Detergent Fiber Total Digestible Nutrients In-Vitro True Digestibility Includes ADF plus hemicellulose. As NDF increases, dry matter intake will generally decrease. The sum of the digestible fiber, protein, lipid, and carbohydrate components of a feedstuff or diet. An anaerobic fermentation performed in the laboratory to simulate digestion that can be used to estimate energy. Calculated using the University of Wisconsin s Milk 2006 Program. Top Five Hybrids for Silage NORTH RM (DAYS) CENTRAL RM (DAYS) SOUTH RM (DAYS) BECK 5234AMX * 102 BECK 6175AM * 112 BECK 6272AM-R * 112 BECK 5140HR * 105 BECK 6272AM-R * 112 BECK 6365AM * 113 BECK 5385A3 108 BECK 6365AM * 113 BECK 6347VR 113 BECK 6175AM * 112 BECK 6347VR 113 Phoenix 6542A4 ** 115 BECK 6365AM * 113 Phoenix 6542A4 ** 115 BECK 6575HR * 115 Beck s continues to not only look at tonnage, but also take into account the nutritional factors that contribute to silage quality. All of the tested hybrids are excellent for corn silage. Use the above chart to make selections for your specific geography. 315

316 Multi-Location BECK S Row Width & Population Study (CIL, CIN, KY, SIL) This study compares multiple hybrids in various row spacings at final populations ranging from 24,000 to 44,000 plants per acre to determine the optimum final population by row spacing Agronomic Optimum Final Stand 30 in. Rows vs. 20 in. Rows (6 years, 4 Locations) 34,000 plants/a. 36,000 plants/a Final Stand x 1,000 30" Rows 20" Rows 30 in. Rows 20 in. Rows Figure 1. Net Return $ Economic Optimum Final Stand 30 in. Rows vs. 20 in. Rows (6 years, 4 locations) $ $ $ $ ,000 plants/a. 32,000 plants/a. 30 in. Rows 20 in. Rows $ $ Final Stand x 1,000 Figure

317 Multi-Location BECK S Row Width & Population Study - Continued (CIL, CIN, KY) Agronomic Optimum Final Stand 30 in. Rows vs. 20 in. Rows (2014 CIL, CIN, KY) 35,500 plants/a. 44,000 plants/a Final Stand x 1,000 30" Rows 20" Rows 30 in. Rows 20 in. Rows Figure 3. Net Return $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Economic Optimum Final Stand 30 in. Rows vs. 20 in. Rows (2014 CIL, CIN, KY) 30,000 plants/a. 36,000 plants/a Final Stand x 1, in. Rows 20 in. Rows Figure 4. The data shown in six-year summary charts was taken from multiple locations across multiple years. The 30 in. vs. 20 in. row data was collected at the Central Indiana, Central Illinois, Kentucky, and Southern Illinois PFR farms over the past six years. This six-year data set suggests that the agronomic optimum populations to maximize yield was 34,000 plants/a. in 30 in. rows and 36,000 plants/a. in 20 in. rows. However, the economic optimum population that maximized profitability in both row spacings was lower, at 31,000 plants/a. for 30 in. rows and 32,000 for 20 in. rows. When both row spacings achieved their optimum populations, 30 in. rows provided a $10.04/A. advantage over 20 in. rows data from the Central Indiana, Central Illinois and Kentucky locations differed slightly from our six-year averages. Optimum population in both row spacings was higher, at 35,500 plants/a. in 30 in. rows and 44,000 plants/a. in 20 in. rows. This year 20 in. rows performed better economically, earning a net return of $800.82/A. at an optimum economic population of 36,000 plants/a. 30 in. rows brought in $782.25/A. at 30,000 plants/a. Excellent growing conditions in these three locations gave the higher population 20 in. corn the environment it needed to support more plants per acre, which led to its $18.57/A. economic advantage over 30 in. row corn. 317

318 Multi-Location BECK S Capture LFR Study (CIN, KY, OH) This study evaluates the use of Capture LFR Insecticide in-furrow on EZ and GT trait packages. We want to compare the effectiveness of Capture LFR with and without above and below ground insect protection trait packages. All seed used in this study was treated with BECK S Escalate yield enhancement system. Capture LFR is an at-plant insecticide, that can eliminate most soil pests before they have a chance to injure developing seedlings. Without injury, stand count improves and robust roots transfer more yield-producing energy. EZ Trait Package = Agrisure 3122 with E-Z Refuge + Herculex Extra GT Trait Package = Agrisure GT (Glyphosate Tolerant) Treatment Bushels Net^ Return Return on Investment PHOENIX 5552EZ ** Control $ oz. Capture LFR $ $26.89 AVERAGE $ PHOENIX 5552GT ** Control $ oz. Capture LFR $ $12.37 AVERAGE $ TREATMENT SUMMARY Control $ oz. Capture LFR $ $19.63 AVERAGE $ ** Phoenix brand seed is distributed by Beck s Superior Hybrids, Inc. Phoenix is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. Bu/A. corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $300.00/gal. Capture LFR, $274.00/bag Phoenix 5552EZ **, and $217.00/bag Phoenix 5552GT **. This multi-location data shows a favorable yield boost and return on investment with the use of Capture LFR in-furrow. When analyzing the data between the two trait packages (EZ & GT) we saw a higher yield increase and average return on investment when Capture LFR was applied to Phoenix 5552EZ **. This was not expected since the EZ trait package already has below ground protection. Overall, Capture LFR gave us an average 6.6 yield increase, which equated to a $19.63/A. return on investment. For specific location results, please refer to the Capture LFR Studies listed under each PFR site. 318

319 BECK S Soybean Herbicide Injury Study (CIL, CIN, KY, OH, SIL) Multi-Location This study is designed to evaluate the use of Roundup Ready and LibertyLink herbicide programs. We want to observe any yield effects associated with applications made at the R2, R3 and R4 growth stages. Our controls consist of each respective herbicide applied prior to the R1 growth stage. Treatment Bushels Three-Year Average Glyphosate (Control) R R R AVERAGE Liberty (Control) R R R AVERAGE corrected to 13% moisture. One of the questions that comes up every year is, How late can I make a post application of glyphosate or Liberty to my soybeans? The legal answer to this is to follow label directions. In our efforts to provide yield data, we have evaluated a glyphosate and Liberty system across multiple PFR locations in the past three years. The 2014 results varied slightly by showing an overall 0.6 yield gain by applying glyphosate during the R2-R4 growth stages while Liberty showed an overall loss of and 2013 data showed an overall loss by applying both glyphosate and Liberty in the R2-R4 stages. Three-year data from this study shows a consistent loss of 1.6 between both systems at the R2 growth stage. Since R2 is the full bloom stage of soybeans, applying herbicides can result in flower abortion by forcing the plants to metabolize the chemistry instead of putting all energy into normal plant processes. This could explain why the loss has shown consistently at this stage and is not as drastic in the R3 and R4 growth stages. The Liberty system does not indicate the same result, however, as it shows a 0.6 gain at R3 and a 1.0 loss by applying at R4. For specific location results, please refer to the Herbicide Injury Studies listed under each PFR site. 319

320 Multi-Location BECK S Nematode Seed Treatment Study (CIL, CIN, KY, OH, SIL) To evaluate different forms of seed treatments available on soybeans that offer protection against soybean cyst nematode. The following treatments were used in this study: Clariva, a proprietary seed treatment nematicide, is based on the Pasteuria technology which consists of naturally occurring soil bacteria with a unique, direct mode of action on nematodes including microscopic worm-shaped soil organisms which cause significant damage to all major agricultural crops. Poncho /VOTiVO seed treatment protects young plants from pests during critical early development stages, leading to healthier root development and stronger stands. Applied directly to the seed, Poncho/VOTiVO protects the whole plant, above and below ground, preventing damage to early-season seedlings and roots before pests can strike. Poncho/VOTiVO employs a biological mode of action with a unique bacteria strain that lives and grows with young roots, creating a living barrier that prevents nematodes from causing damage. It also has a systemic agent that is absorbed by new roots immediately, providing control of many critical earlyseason insect pests. This dual protection results in healthier plant establishment and a more uniform crop, positively impacting yields. Treatment Bushels SCN Egg Count Gross^ Return $/A CENTRAL ILLINOIS Escalate (Control) $ Escalate + Poncho/VOTiVO $ $8.96 Clariva Complete $ $32.48 CENTRAL INDIANA Escalate (Control) $ Escalate + Poncho/VOTiVO $ $2.24 Clariva Complete $ $22.40 KENTUCKY Escalate (Control) $ Escalate + Poncho/VOTiVO $ $6.72 Clariva Complete $ $5.60 OHIO Escalate (Control) $ Escalate + Poncho/VOTiVO $ $8.96 Clariva Complete $ $5.60 SOUTHERN ILLINOIS Escalate (Control) $ Escalate + Poncho/VOTiVO $ $1.12 Clariva Complete $ $17.92 TREATMENT SUMMARY Escalate (Control) $ Escalate + Poncho/VOTiVO $ $0.67 Clariva Complete $ $9.63 AVERAGE $ $4.48 corrected to 13% moisture. All treatments also contain Optimize seed treatments. ^Gross return is x $11.20/Bu. $/A. difference is difference x $11.20/Bu. 320

321 Multi-Location BECK S Nematode Seed Treatment Study - Continued (CIL, CIN, KY, OH, SIL) Figure 1. illustrates the 2014 yield results by PFR location. VOTiVO performance was minimal with yields ranging from -0.8 to +0.8, with an average gross return of -$0.67/A. Clariva Complete sustained yield gains at four of the five PFR locations, but suffered -1.6 losses at our Southern Illinois PFR site. This was very interesting, as the Southern Illinois PFR site had the highest soybean cyst nematode counts of all PFR locations. The other four PFR locations averaged yield gains of 1.5, which led to average returns of +$16.80/A. In accounting for all five locations, Clariva Complete offered 0.2 yield gains with an additional gross income of $1.79/A. Yield Gain Nematode Treatment Study, Multi-Location CIL CIN KY OH SIL PFR Location Figure 1. Clariva Complete Poncho/VOTiVO BECK S Escalate vs. Untreated Study (CIN, OH) Beck s Escalate yield enhancement system is a proprietary mix of yield enhancing products that come standard on all Beck s seed. Escalate offers insect protection, improved stands, seedling health and yield. This unique blend is sealed onto each seed using Beck s exclusive polymer. This study compares five different varieties of Escalate treated soybeans with untreated soybeans. In this study we evaluate seed emergence and final yield. This study was completed at both the Ohio and Central Indiana PFR sites. EMERGED POPULATION Brand Escalate Untreated BUSHELS PER ACRE Escalate Advantage Escalate Untreated Escalate Advantage 278R4 * 109,989 97, , NR * 100,188 88, , R4 * 95,469 84, , R2 * 108, ,270 +3, R2 * 98,736 80, , AVERAGE 102,584 91, , corrected to 13% moisture. The yield and plant health advantages associated with the Escalate yield enhancement system proved themselves again in With an 11.1 yield advantage over the untreated controls, Escalate performed better than ever. The disease and insect protection provided by Escalate paid off consistently throughout the growing season, resulting in strong early emergence and steady, season-long stands that led to exceptional yields. Every variety showed a positive yield advantage over its corresponding control, with two of the five varieties tested showing a double digit increase. 321

322 PFR PARTNERS The PFR Partners program brings Beck s team of experienced PFR directors and personnel right to the farmer. By developing the program, we re giving farmers in our marketing area an opportunity to participate in practical farm research on their own farm. Due to the number of studies, collection of data will continue into the winter months. However we are excited to share the data that is collected. We have included two PFR partner studies for your viewing. The complete PFR Partner data set will be posted on PFR Partner Trial Possibilities Nitrogen Rate Nitrogen Timing Seed Population/Row Width V5 Fungicides VT Fungicides Foliar Feed Fertilizers Seed Treatments 300 Bu. Challenges Multi-Hybrid Corn Planting Multi-Variety Soybean Planting To view videos of PFR Partner trials, please visit

BECK S Multi-Hybrid Corn Planting - 2014 PFR Partners In 2014, Beck s Practical Farm Research Team began its third year of evaluation in regard to site-specific multi-hybrid corn planting.

This was the driving force behind introducing Beck s Hybrids very first multi-hybrid planter that was built back in 2012.

It s been a long and interesting journey for the PFR, team testing the concept and reality of multi-hybrid planting.

323 BECK S Multi-Hybrid Corn Planting PFR Partners In 2014, Beck s Practical Farm Research Team began its third year of evaluation in regard to site-specific multi-hybrid corn planting. At Beck s Hybrids, we are passionate about recommending the right corn hybrid for our customers farms. This was the driving force behind introducing Beck s Hybrids very first multi-hybrid planter that was built back in This planting concept is designed to automatically change corn hybrids on the fly as it plants through varying soil type changes or management zones. It s been a long and interesting journey for the PFR, team testing the concept and reality of multi-hybrid planting. Photo 1 shows a picture of the very first PFR planter used to perform multi-hybrid corn planting back in This planter was a Kinze /15 splitrow planter that was converted to do our first multi-hybrid research. Precision Planting hydraulic drives and a Seed Sense 20/20 directed prescriptions to this planter, and, for our initial year research, it worked well. In 2013, Beck s Hybrids expanded its research and testing by partnering with Kinze Manufacturing. Through this partnership, Kinze supplied our PFR Team with a second multi-hybrid planter, a 16-row 3600 twin row (Photo 2). Site-specific hybrid and seeding rate prescription files were directed to this multi-hybrid planter by an Ag Leader Integra controller with SeedCommand. In , Beck s PFR team also reached out to Great Plains Manufacturing to secure two 20 ft. twin row planters (Photos 3-4) to expand our multi-hybrid planting research even further. These planters were primarily positioned in Western and Southern Illinois. Uthell Seed Sales in Teutopolis, IL and Stufflebeam Farms in Lewistown, IL were pivotal in researching multi-hybrid planting with these Great Plains planters. Photo 1. Beck s 1st Multi-Hybrid Planter 2012 Photo 2. Beck s 2nd Multi-Hybrid Planter 2013 Photo 3. Great Plains Multi-Hybrid Planter Photo 4. Multi-Hybrid Testing by Uthell Seed Sales 323

PFR Partners BECK S Multi-Hybrid Corn Planting - Continued These planters not only provided us the benefit of loading the planter with two hybrids, but also gave us the ability to plant the hybrid of

The front row units of the twin row planter were designated for corn hybrids that were classified as defensive hybrids, while the back row units were loaded with a more offensive hybrid.

Offensive corn hybrids were then planted on the best soils of the farm that typically have the highest yields.

324 PFR Partners BECK S Multi-Hybrid Corn Planting - Continued These planters not only provided us the benefit of loading the planter with two hybrids, but also gave us the ability to plant the hybrid of choice in various management zones in the field. The front row units of the twin row planter were designated for corn hybrids that were classified as defensive hybrids, while the back row units were loaded with a more offensive hybrid. The concept of this design allowed us to plant defensive corn hybrids on tougher soils with lower organic matter, water holding abilities, or cation exchange capacity. Offensive corn hybrids were then planted on the best soils of the farm that typically have the highest yields. Individual hydraulic motors/clutches on the front and rear drive shafts allowed us to change corn hybrids at each soil type or management zone while travelling through the field. As this process happened, corn rows were shifted 8 in. left or right to allow for the corn hybrid transition. Photo 5 illustrates this transition with the twin row planting design. One of the problems associated with twin row multi-hybrid planting was the fact that the 8 in. offsets caused issues with auto-steer AB lines. To account for these 8 in. transitions, we installed multi-directional GPS receivers on the planter tractors. This sliding GPS receiver was programed to automatically move 8 in. left or right to account for the shift in row as the hybrid changes from the front or rear of the multi-hybrid planter. This gave us the ability to use one standard AB line for auto-guidance while eliminating wide or narrow rows on the outside rows of the planter. The Great Plains planters used in 2014 were equipped with the Raven OmniRow advanced planter control system, which features patent-pending planter control technology that automatically adjusts AB lines to account for the multi-hybrid shifts. From our initial idea of multi-hybrid planting, our intention was to ultimately have the ability to change corn hybrids on the fly in a single row, dual corn meter design. This scenario would eliminate the twin row 8 in. transitions as well as the extra row units on the planter. As part of a result of Beck s PFR testing program, Kinze announced on December 10, 2013 the world s first electric multihybrid concept planter. This new electric drive multi-hybrid concept planter (Photo 6) has new row units that incorporate two meters for every row. The meters feed a single seed tube, so the row unit gauge wheels, openers, and closing wheels are identical to a standard Kinze 4000 series row unit. This was only possible by using the new electric drive option on the Kinze 4000 series meters. By eliminating the drive chain and clutch, it allowed Kinze to orient the meters close together so that they feed a single seed tube. Multi-Hybrid Transition At each hybrid change within the field, corn rows are offset 8 in. to account for twin row offset. Photo 5. Beck s PFR team began research on this new single row, dual meter planter on February 20, 2014 near Temple, Texas. This southern testing (Photos 7-8) in February allowed our team to start testing in warm, dry soils rather than waiting until weather warmed in April and May at Beck s Central Illinois PFR Center. Once planting was complete in Texas, we shipped the planter back to Illinois for more multi-hybrid planting. 324 Photo 6. Beck s 2014 Single Row, Dual Meter Multi-Hybrid Planter Photo 7. Jason Webster, Beck s Central Illinois PFR Director, explaining the single row, dual meter planter

BECK S Multi-Hybrid Corn Planting - Continued PFR Partners Management zones are a key component of this precision based multi-hybrid corn planting system.

325 BECK S Multi-Hybrid Corn Planting - Continued PFR Partners Management zones are a key component of this precision based multi-hybrid corn planting system. Knowing where to plant each hybrid and at what seeding rate is a difficult task for a grower. Developing long-term yield data is helpful in determining and understanding where variable yielding areas are located on a spatial basis within a given field. By knowing the spatial difference in a farm s overall yield potential, it can allow for the use of a multi-hybrid corn planting system to offer precision placement of corn hybrids. More research needs to be conducted to evaluate the overall practice of site-specific multi-hybrid corn planting. However, twoyear data (Photo 9) from Beck s Central Illinois PFR Center in suggests that multi-hybrid planting has offered average yield benefits of 9.5 with a return on investment of $54.24/A. With this in mind, multi-hybrid planting in the future could be an excellent way to master corn hybrid placement. While this technology is still a new concept, it is commercially available today for growers to purchase. That being said, it is imperative that growers start developing management zones in their fields as soon as possible so they are ready for this exciting technology multi-hybrid yield results were not available at press time of this publication due to an extended harvest season. Multi-year data, including 2014 data, will be unveiled in Beck s PFR Partner publication at a later date. Thank you to Perryman Farms for partnering with Beck s Hybrids to allow us to conduct multi-hybrid corn research on their farms! To see this multi-hybrid planter in action visit Photo 8. Multi-hybrid planting February 20, 2014 near Temple, Texas with the new Kinze single row, dual meter Kinze 4900 planter MULTI-HYBRID PLANTING RESULTS Defensive Hybrid on Defensive Soils Offensive Hybrid on Offensive Soils $45.44/A $63.04/A. 9.5 Bu. Yield Increase = $54.24/A. 325

PFR Partners BECK S Nitrogen Management Study - 2014 PLANTED: May 8, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: November 1, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Field Cultivation POPULATION: 34,500 seeds/a.

Roundup PowerMax INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 5828AMX * This trial was designed to evaluate multiple types of nitrogen management programs.

326 PFR Partners BECK S Nitrogen Management Study PLANTED: May 8, 2014 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: November 1, 2014 TILLAGE: Fall Chisel, Spring Field Cultivation POPULATION: 34,500 seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Pre: ROWS: Eight 30" Rows Post: 8 oz. Verdict 34 oz. Roundup PowerMax INSECTICIDE: Escalate PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 5828AMX * This trial was designed to evaluate multiple types of nitrogen management programs. Seven different nitrogen programs are evaluated in this study and compared to a grower s normal nitrogen program. The nitrogen components that we will evaluate in this trial consist of nitrogen rate, timing, form, and placement. This study was designed as part of an agronomic segment of Beck s PFR Partner Program, which cooperates with Beck s customers to conduct agronomic research on their own farms. A PFR director works with each PFR Partner to develop agronomic protocols and then implements the plan in cooperation with the grower. The protocol for this PFR Partner nitrogen trial is as follows: Program 1: Grower s normal nitrogen program: For this plot location, this program consists of 180 lb. total nitrogen; 90 lb. applied preplant UAN 32% followed by 90 lb. UAN 32% applied as a V3 sidedress. Program 2: Grower s normal 180 lb. nitrogen program (1) plus an additional 30 lb. nitrogen. This treatment allows a grower to understand if their normal program under-applied nitrogen. Program 3: Grower s normal 180 lb. nitrogen program (1) plus an additional 60 lb. nitrogen. This treatment also allows a grower to understand if their normal program under-applied nitrogen. Program 4: Grower s normal 180 lb. nitrogen program (1) minus 30 lb. nitrogen. This treatment allows a grower to understand if theirs normal program over-applied nitrogen. Program 5: Grower s 90 lb. nitrogen applied preplant UAN 32% program with the last 50 lb. applied as a later V10 UAN 32% sidedress appliction applied with high-clearance tractor and nitrogen toolbar. (Photo 1) Program 6: Grower s 90 lb. nitrogen applied preplant UAN 32% program while replacing the V3 90 lb. nitrogen UAN 32% sidedress with a later V10 OptRx variable rate nitrogen rate application applied with high clearance tractor. (Photo 2) OptRx Crop Sensors measure and record data about crops in real-time using the reflectance of light shined on growing plants. Sensors can be installed across an application boom to collect information while driving through the field. The data is logged and mapped to be used in further analysis or for real-time variable rate applications. The OptRx crop sensor helps growers apply nitrogen based on crop vigor. For example, the sensor tells the applicator to apply less nitrogen on healthy corn plants and more nitrogen on weaker, unhealthy corn plants, according to a calibration specific to that field. In addition, OptRx s advanced light-sensing technology is not dependent on ambient light offering maximum flexibility to be used day or night. Photo 1. Photo 2. Watch these four nitrogen applications in action at 326

BECK S Nitrogen Management Study - Continued PFR Partners Photo 3. Photo 4. Program 7: Grower s 90 lb. nitrogen applied preplant UAN 32% program while replacing the 90 lb.

(Photo 3) Urea sidedress has become a popular method of applying nitrogen in some parts of Beck s marketing area.

The disadvantage with urea is its volatility, the loss of nitrogen as atmospheric gas when it converts to ammonia.

327 BECK S Nitrogen Management Study - Continued PFR Partners Photo 3. Photo 4. Program 7: Grower s 90 lb. nitrogen applied preplant UAN 32% program while replacing the 90 lb. nitrogen UAN 32% sidedress with a later V10 dry urea topdress applied with dry spinner truck. (Photo 3) Urea sidedress has become a popular method of applying nitrogen in some parts of Beck s marketing area. Dry urea is applied with a spinner truck over top of corn during the growing season. The advantages with this system are that it is quick to apply and acres can be completed fast. The disadvantage with urea is its volatility, the loss of nitrogen as atmospheric gas when it converts to ammonia. Another concern is the possible crop injury from urea prills landing on leaf tissue and causing leaf burn. Program 8: Grower s 90 lb. nitrogen applied preplant UAN 32% program while replacing the 90 lb. nitrogen V3 UAN 32% sidedress with a later V10 YDrop precision placement application. (Photos 4-5) YDrop is a versatile system that can be installed on almost any spray machine and has the ability to precisely place any liquid product within 2-3 in. of a crop row. Its unique design gives you the ability to apply liquid products within the row at any time throughout the season. In this study, we installed the YDrop on a New Holland SP275F high clearance sprayer. (Photo 6) The protocols in this particular study are constant, with exception to the grower s normal nitrogen program, which can change at each location trial site. Each treatment consists of the same total rate of nitrogen that the grower s normal program consists of, with the exception of the OptRx treatment, which variable rate applies nitrogen based upon plant needs. Nitrogen stabilizers were used on all treatments with surface-applied nitrogen, which consisted of the YDrop and urea sidedress. Factor, a nitrogen stabilizer from Rosens, Inc., was used as a volatilization inhibitor to help protect nitrogen that was laid on the soil surface. This stabilizer protects from volatilization for up to 14 days, until rain occurs, so that hydrolyzation will occur below the soil surface and- decrease risk of atmospheric losses. Photo 5. Photo

328 PFR Partners BECK S Nitrogen Management Study - Continued Treatment Grower's Normal Program: 90 lb. UAN Preplant f/b 90 lb. V3 Sidedress Grower's Normal Program plus Additional 30 lb. Nitrogen Grower's Normal Program plus Additional 60 lb. Nitrogen Bushels Nitrogen Program Adjustment Net^ Return Return on Investment $ Grower's Normal Program minus 30 lb. Nitrogen lb. UAN Preplant f/b 40 lb. UAN V3 Sidedress f/b 50 lb. V10 High-Clearance Sidedress 90 lb. UAN Preplant f/b 40 lb. UAN V3 Sidedress f/b V10 High-Clearance OptRx Variable Rate Nitrogen 90 lb. UAN Preplant f/b 40 lb. UAN V3 Sidedress f/b 109 lb. Factor-Treated Urea Topdress V10 90 lb. UAN Preplant f/b 40 lb. UAN V3 Sidedress f/b 50 lb. Factor-Treated UAN V10 High-Clearance 360 YDrop Sidedress lb. Nitrogen +60 lb. Nitrogen -30 lb. Nitrogen Later V10 Timing Variable Rate Nitrogen Urea Sidedress YDrop Sidedress $1, $23.09 $1, $32.89 $ $34.29 $1, $39.97 $1, $21.27 $ $6.50 $1, $14.40 AVERAGE $1, $12.98 * corrected to 15% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $4.15/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $4.15/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. UAN $0.60/lb. N, Urea $0.59/lb. N, Factor $96.00/gal., High-Clearance Sidedress $9.00/A. and Urea Application $4.00/A. In this study, the grower s normal program only yielded higher than two of the seven total nitrogen programs. The highest yielding program consisted of the 60 lb. of additional nitrogen with yield gains of 16.6 compared to the grower s normal program. In regard to economics, the highest overall returns were obtained with the V10 high-clearance sidedress, offering 11.8 yield gains equating to higher net returns of $39.97/A. Late season V10 sidedressing is an efficient way of applying nitrogen when the corn plant requires high amounts of nitrogen, as well as reducing the risk for nitrogen losses such as denitrification and leaching that could be associated with early nitrogen applications. OptRx variable rate nitrogen treatments yielded 9.0 better than the grower s program, but did require 12 lb./a. more nitrogen. Overall the OptRx variable rate nitrogen program incurred increased overall net returns of $21.27/A. This is our second year testing the OptRx system as a part of a nitrogen management program. These individual trial results are exciting to see, as the OptRx system knew additional nitrogen needed to be applied, and was supported with the associated yield increase. More research needs to be collected to fully evaluate the performance of OptRx sensors in our PFR Program, but if these results continue it could be an economical nitrogen management tool for grower implementation. In the nitrogen placement aspect of our study, YDrop applications also improved yields over the grower s normal nitrogen program with increased yields of 6.0 with $14.40/A. additional net returns. YDrop precision placement is an effective tool for sidedressing and is better than dribble type nitrogen application, since it applies the fertilizer at the base of plant and even between each plant. This offers precision placement closer to the root zone and decreases the amount of rainfall needed to incorporate the nitrogen into the soil. With nitrogen rates, applying 30 lb. additional nitrogen over and above the growers program did increase yields by 9.9, offering a positive net return of $20.00/A. after additional nitrogen cost. 30 lb. less nitrogen rates wreaked havoc on yields, lowering them by 12.6 with negative net returns of -$34.29/A. This indicates that the grower s normal nitrogen rate of 180 lb. was too low and needed higher rates of nitrogen for economic optimum yield. With the combination of the high yielding corn in this study as well as heavy and frequent amounts of rainfall, it is not surprising that additional nitrogen was needed. The fact that this study was able to prove it, is some powerful information for growers. The dry urea treatment offered similar results to the growers normal program, yielding within 0.3 However, it realized net losses of $6.50/A. after stabilizer and application costs. This particular nitrogen trial is one of many of its kind involved in Beck s PFR Partner Program. However, at publishing time, very little yield data had been received to calculate all of the location yields. In future weeks, a completed PFR Partner Summary of yields will be published and be available for viewing. Thank you to all PFR Partners who participated in this study, and we look forward to seeing the overall results of each nitrogen treatment, as well as how it compares to grower s normal nitrogen rates. For 2013 PFR Partner results, visit: 328

Innovation. It s what made the first farmer decide to pick a plant from the wilderness and place it in a row. It s what guided the blacksmith s hand as he fashioned the first plow.

Innovation is what is pushing agriculture into the future, and, here at Beck s, we strive to discover and study innovation in all of its forms.

We hope that our exploration and insights help you as you make decisions concerning new technologies on your own farm.

This single device connects into any J&M scale system and wirelessly communicates with a smartphone or tablet.

329 Innovation. It s what made the first farmer decide to pick a plant from the wilderness and place it in a row. It s what guided the blacksmith s hand as he fashioned the first plow. It s what coursed through the mind of the botanist as he bred the first hybrid seedcorn. Innovation is what is pushing agriculture into the future, and, here at Beck s, we strive to discover and study innovation in all of its forms. In this section of the 2014 Practical Farm Research Book you will find a variety of new technologies that are changing the way we farm. We hope that our exploration and insights help you as you make decisions concerning new technologies on your own farm. J&M ifarm Cloud-Based Weigh System Study To evaluate J&M ifarm by Agrimatics, a cloud-based weighing system that wires into current scale systems on grain carts. This single device connects into any J&M scale system and wirelessly communicates with a smartphone or tablet. Once installed, wireless communication can be made with a smartphone or tablet compatible with the iphone 4S and newer, the ipad 3 or newer, and the ipad Mini. ifarm is the leading edge of agricultural weighing systems as the patent pending system connects wirelessly to all in-range mobile devices providing world-class indicator displays to both the combine and grain cart operators as grain is being dumped on-the-go. Beck s Central Illinois PFR team tested a J&M X-tended Reach grain cart (Photo 1) along with the ifarm weighing system this harvest season. At Central Illinois PFR, we are excited about the benefits that ifarm has to offer to farmers and their operations. We see four distinctive advantages for growers with this system: 1. Because of its ability to accurately weigh the grain in the cart, ifarm gives farmers the capability to calibrate their combine yield monitors easily, since the operator can see a direct readout of the weight of grain from the combine. 2. Another asset of this product is the competency to load trucks without overloading, which could eliminate DOT fines and/or penalties. Photo Filling grain bins with accuracy. There s no second guessing or estimating to how much you re putting in the bin, your ifarm device will give you the exact amount. 4. Cloud-connectivity unifies the system across your entire operation. Crop flow transactions can be ed and shared, or optionally stored securely in the cloud for your access wherever you are. Other features include: Unload Detection, Unlimited Remotes, Data Sharing Track Field, Truck, Destination and Totals GPS Location of Loads Our experience with the ifarm weighing system concluded that it was easy to use, install, and most importantly allowed both the combine and grain cart operator the ability to see live on-the-go grain weights as grain was being dumped from the combine to the auger cart. We hope to continue using this technology in 2015 to also evalulate the ifarm system on seed tenders during the planting season. Learn more about this cloud-based weigh system at Photo 2. iphone and ipad with ifarm App 329

Innovation BECK S UAV Study - 2014 As UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, or drones ), have burst onto the scene, the possible uses for them have exploded, with agriculture often being touted as one of

The UAV industry projects $13 billion in revenue from UAVs in agriculture in the next 3 years and $82 billion in the next 10 years.

As a company with a long standing tradition of testing and evaluating new products, it became obvious that this is an emerging market that Beck s should learn about to help growers make educated

330 Innovation BECK S UAV Study As UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, or drones ), have burst onto the scene, the possible uses for them have exploded, with agriculture often being touted as one of the industries that could quickly benefit from this emerging technology. The UAV industry projects $13 billion in revenue from UAVs in agriculture in the next 3 years and $82 billion in the next 10 years. These statistics have drawn many national aerospace companies, as well as hobby enthusiasts, to build products or configure aircraft to meet the demand. As a company with a long standing tradition of testing and evaluating new products, it became obvious that this is an emerging market that Beck s should learn about to help growers make educated decisions when it comes to buying UAVs. We formed a diverse committee to interview prospective vendors to see if we could establish an evaluation protocol that would help us identify the equipment and systems that are among the best in the industry. The committee was comprised of sales, research, production and information systems representatives. After several interviews and demonstrations we found two systems that we decided we would like to work with. Watch two videos exploring the UAV world at SCOPE OF OUR TESTING: Once our system choices were made we began the process of learning the flight characteristics and limitations of the platforms we purchased. We focused primarily on the Precision Drone, a multi-blade copter, and the Ebee, a wing style airplane. We flew in nearly every weather condition and light level. We flew production fields as well as test plots to determine if the images could help us evaluate products. We also worked with post flight processing software to evaluate the mosaic images that the aircraft were gathering. WHAT DID WE LEARN? The number of vendors who advertise they can fly autonomously and collect geo-referenced images is much larger than the number who can actually complete the task. Battery management is critical for successful missions. Wind speeds above 15 MPH make it very challenging to record any valuable data. Image stitching and evaluation will be the greatest challenge. Large scale data gathering will be done with fixed wing aircraft and general observation and spot checks will be best suited for copters. Planes fly minutes, copters fly minutes. Sensors and Cameras are synonymous and are constantly evolving. Currently most are good enough to gather data. Jim Love presenting Robotics in Agriculture The Precision Drone Pacesetter 330

Innovation BECK S UAV Study - Continued DATA SERVICES: The number of services that are emerging to help with data management is growing exponentially.

This technology will have many forms and levels of complexity: from simple aircraft capable of taking a bird s eye view video or photo, to devices that give very precise geo-referenced images.

331 Innovation BECK S UAV Study - Continued DATA SERVICES: The number of services that are emerging to help with data management is growing exponentially. However, we believe that we can integrate this data into the FARMserver program to help growers continue to merge their data base. This technology will have many forms and levels of complexity: from simple aircraft capable of taking a bird s eye view video or photo, to devices that give very precise geo-referenced images. At this time we are still awaiting the legislative approval to establish the rate of forward movement this industry will take. At the time of this evaluation there seems to be a consensus that precision agriculture will be one of the first industries to recieve approval. We are hopeful this will be in the 2015 growing season. We look forward to helping customers when the opportunity presents itself. The SenseFly Ebee Field imagery captured with a UAV. 331

Innovation BECK S Capello Chopping Corn Head Study - 2014 As a part of Central Illinois PFR s residue management trials, we are evaluating Capello USA s chopping corn head (Photo 1).

The Capello chopping corn head is a new addition to Central Illinois PFR testing this year.

depicts the blade system that is responsible for the chopping action on the corn head.

332 Innovation BECK S Capello Chopping Corn Head Study As a part of Central Illinois PFR s residue management trials, we are evaluating Capello USA s chopping corn head (Photo 1). We want to evaluate the ability of this corn head to size crop residue as a component to aid in stalk degradation. This corn head has a stalk chopper drive system right below the knife rollers. The profile of the choppers allow for a clean and low chop, while preventing windrowing and power loss due to over-chopping. The evenly cut and distributed stalk remnants allow for faster nutrient reabsorption and quicker residue breakdown. The Capello chopping corn head is a new addition to Central Illinois PFR testing this year. Sizing of corn stalk residue is an important step at harvest at Central Illinois PFR, especially ahead of continuous corn rotations. Photo 2. depicts the blade system that is responsible for the chopping action on the corn head. Chopping corn heads offer a big advantage to sizing residue and evenly distributing the stalk matter across the width of the corn head. With this practice there is no need to conduct any disking or flail chopping after harvest, it s all done with the combine pass. This can save time, fuel, labor, and gets residue management started as soon as the combine rolls out at harvest. Photo 3 illustrates the cutting height of the Capello chopping head at about 4 in. tall. As the Capello chops the stalks and spreads it evenly, a stalk stomper then slides over the stalk to break, fracture, or lean it over to prevent tire damage and to allow rainwater and soil to begin to break down tough stalk residue. Watch a demonstration of the Capello USA s Chopping Corn Head at Our PFR trials in 2015 will consist of continuous corn rotations as well as soybeans after corn to help monitor how sized residue from the chopping head will affect three major issues: 1. Overall increased speed of stalk degradation. 2. Drying/warming of the soil. Will it become a mat and cause cool wet soils in the spring? 3. Can this system be a viable solution for carbon load/penalty issues in a continuous corn rotation? This is our first year of testing the Capello corn chopping head in our residue management trials at the Central Illinois PFR Center. Stay tuned for yield data that will be available in 2015, as well as an overview on the advantages and disadvantages that were offered from this program. 332 Photo 1. Photo 2. Photo 3.

Innovation BECK S Yetter Stalk Devastator Study - 2014 To study and evaluate Yetter Manufacturing s Stalk Devastator.

The rollers reduce stubble damage to the tires, wires, and hydraulic hoses on combines, trucks, tractors, seeding and tillage implements.

With each pass through the field, the Stalk Devastator knocks stubble over while leaving the stalk attached with roots partially broken.

333 Innovation BECK S Yetter Stalk Devastator Study To study and evaluate Yetter Manufacturing s Stalk Devastator. The Yetter Stalk Devastator is a roller system that fits below a corn head and is designed to push stalks over and crush them, which allows tires/ tracks to easily roll over the stalk without damage. The rollers reduce stubble damage to the tires, wires, and hydraulic hoses on combines, trucks, tractors, seeding and tillage implements. Apart from protecting equipment, stalk-crushing has other benefits. With each pass through the field, the Stalk Devastator knocks stubble over while leaving the stalk attached with roots partially broken. That means they will not blow away maintaining erosion-preventing and moisture-conserving residue on the soil surface. The crushed stalks have increased contact with the soil when knocked over, which facilitates faster residue degradation. The Yetter Stalk Devastator (Photo 1) was brought in to the Central Illinois PFR Center as part of its Residue Management testing. With continuous corn rotations prevalent in Illinois, residue management is a very important component of carbon penalty. Corn residue is classified as non-fragile residue, which is a heavy carbon load and needs to go through a period of decomposition. This process can immobilize nitrogen that is intended for plant consumption. The Stalk Devastator trials will be setup to analyze stalk sizing, overall stalk fracture, as well as the ability to remove the threat of tire damage from sharply cut stubble. These trials will also monitor residue loads in the spring of 2015 as well as the ease of tillage and planting. Three scenarios will be evaluated: 1. Yetter Stalk Devastator 2. Chopping Corn head 3. Stalk Stompers Photo 1. This is our first year of testing different equipment that addresses residue degradation. Yield data will be available in Photo 2. Watch a watch a demonstration of the Yetter Stalk Devastator at Central Illinois PFR 333

Innovation BECK S TrackTill Study - 2014 To study and evaluate TrackTill, a Patent Pending technology from Agriculture Concepts, designed to eliminate wheel track or pinch row compaction caused by

As soils become compacted, their physical properties are altered, causing changes in bulk density, porosity and hydraulic properties- all of which can contribute negatively to yield potential.

See page 173 for more details on Beck s Central Illinois PFR pinch row compaction studies. TrackTill is available in two different models: Watch a demonstration of the TrackTill in action at www.

334 Innovation BECK S TrackTill Study To study and evaluate TrackTill, a Patent Pending technology from Agriculture Concepts, designed to eliminate wheel track or pinch row compaction caused by center fill planters. While driving equipment through the field, the weight of the tractor and implement can create compacted strips of soil with each pass. As soils become compacted, their physical properties are altered, causing changes in bulk density, porosity and hydraulic properties- all of which can contribute negatively to yield potential. Studies conducted by Beck s Central Illinois PFR Center have shown up to a 13.8-bushel yield difference between the compacted center sections of the planter versus the lighter wing sections. See page 173 for more details on Beck s Central Illinois PFR pinch row compaction studies. TrackTill is available in two different models: Watch a demonstration of the TrackTill in action at TrackTill FM: The TrackTill FM (Photo 1) is designed to mount around the frame of planters with 30 in. row spacing. It includes fully adjustable pneumatic down pressure and 4 vertical tine tillage rollers, with 3 sets of 10 in. tines per roller. Aluminum cased air cylinders raise or lower the rollers on demand and apply consistent down pressure in even the toughest field conditions. The kits bolt around the planter s 7 7 frame, positioning the tine rollers alongside the opening disks of the row units. This model has been tested to fit John Deere Bauer Built planters, but can be adapted for other brands with forward positioned transport wheels. TrackTill WM: The TrackTill WM (Photo 2) is designed to mount around the wheels on planters with 30 in. row spacing. It is equipped with the same vertical tine tillage system as the FM model. The WM kit includes four hydraulic down pressure cylinders and four mounting assemblies with attached vertical tine tillage rollers, each roller consisting of three sets of ten inch tines per roller and an integrated, fully adjustable hydraulic down pressure system. The vertical tillage system mounts around the planter s rear wheels and fits between closing wheels on the row units. The fully adjustable down pressure system ensures compaction relief and weight offset in every soil condition. Linked to the planter s frame and hydraulics, the tines will raise and lower with the row units. This model has been tested to fit John Deere 1770 NT planters, but can be adapted to most planters with transport wheels positioned between the row units. TrackTill testing in 2014 was conducted through our PFR Partner Program. A summary of on-farm research results will be released in an additional PFR publication at a later date. Stay tuned for more details! 334 Photo 1. Photo 2.

BECK S Fungicide Study - 2014 Central Indiana Wheat PLANTED: October 14, 2013 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: June 27, 2014 TILLAGE: Vertical-Till POPULATION: 1.5 million seeds/a.

335 BECK S Fungicide Study Central Indiana Wheat PLANTED: October 14, 2013 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: June 27, 2014 TILLAGE: Vertical-Till POPULATION: 1.5 million seeds/a. INSECTICIDE: Escalate ROWS: Twenty-four 7.5 rows FUNGICIDE: Various REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 87 To evaluate multiple fungicides, applied at Feekes 10.5, in an attempt to minimize disease pressures and improve yield. Treatment Test Weight Bushels Bu/A. Return on Investment Control oz. Prosaro $ oz. Headline $ oz. Quilt Xcel $ oz. Priaxor $10.45 AVERAGE $1.15 and test weight corrected to 13.5% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $6.45/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $$6.45/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $365/gal. Prosaro, $409/gal. Headline, $543/gal. Priaxor, $229/gal. Quilt Xcel, $6.00/A. application cost and $0.04/point drying cost. This year s results showed a positive yield gain for the use of every fungicide tested. However, once pricing is factored in, only Prosaro and Headline gave a positive return on investment. Conditions were wet leading up to and during flowering, which resulted in heavy fusarium fungus (head scab) pressure. Prosaro is the only product tested that is labeled and rated good for controlling head scab, and in this trial, did an excellent job of controlling it. 335

336 Kentucky Wheat BECK S Fungicide Study PLANTED: October 16, 2013 PREVIOUS CROP: Soybeans HARVESTED: June 18, 2014 TILLAGE: Vertical-till POPULATION: 1.5 million seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Harmony Extra SG ROWS: Twenty-two 7.5 rows INSECTICIDE: Escalate REPLICATIONS: Three (averaged) PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 120 This study was established to determine the return on investment from the use of foliar fungicides in wheat. Fungicides are to be applied at various growth stages to target both foliar and head diseases. Foliar diseases that are most commonly seen at the Kentucky PFR farm include both Septoria and Stagnospora leaf blotch. The most common head diseases would include Fusarium Head Scab and Glume Blotch. Treatment Timing 2014 Test Weight Bushels Bu/A. Diff. Return on Investment 13.5 oz. Caramba Flowering $61.97 Untreated oz. Priaxor f/b 13.5 oz. Caramba w/ Harmony Flowering $ oz. Twinline Flag Leaf $ oz. Priaxor Flag Leaf $28.13 Treatment Timing Test Weight 5 Year Summary Bushels ROI $7.00/Bu. ROI $5.50/Bu. ROI $4.00/Bu oz. Caramba Flowering $27.34 $16.24 $5.14 Untreated and test weight corrected to 13.5% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $6.45/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $$6.45/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $175.00/gal. Caramba, $543.00/gal. Priaxor, $256.00/gal. Twinline and $6.00/A. application cost. At the Kentucky PFR Farm this spring we saw heavy fusarium head blight (head scab) pressure due to the amount of rainfall we received at flowering. From this years results we saw a positive return on investment from our entries treated with 13.5 oz. of Caramba. When we look at the single pass of Caramba at flowering we saw a $61.97/A. return over our untreated entry. Our two pass program of 2 oz. of Priaxor with our Harmony application and 13.5 oz. of Caramba at flowering, also showed a nice return on investment at $48.33/A. The entries that we applied fungicide on at flag leaf showed us a negative return on investment. Looking at our 5 year data using Caramba, we see that we gain around 7 and it is profitable to apply down to a cash price of $4.00/Bu. 336

337 Kentucky Wheat BECK S Nitrogen Rate Study PLANTED: October 16, 2013 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: June 18, 2014 TILLAGE: Vertical-Till POPULATION: 1.5 million seeds/a. HERBICIDE: 9 oz. Harmony Extra SG ROWS: Twenty-two 7.5 rows INSECTICIDE: 3.6 oz. Fastac EC, Escalate REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) FUNGICIDE: 6.5 oz. Prosaro This study is designed to help us find the economic optimum nitrogen rate (EONR); the rate of nitrogen that maximizes profitability. This study was originally based on the format used by both Purdue University and the University of Illinois in corn, we have adapted the same format for answering this question in wheat. Two varieties are used to determine if there are potential differences in EONR between genetic families. All entries received 12.8 gallons of 30% UAN solution (40 lb. N./A.) at the Feekes 3 growth stage, followed by a second application of 30% UAN at the Feekes 5 stage to meet the total amount of N for each treatment. BECK 113 BECK Variety Average Pounds of Nitrogen Net^ Return Net^ Return Net^ Return $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ corrected to 13.5% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $6.45/Bu.) minus treatment cost. $0.60/unit of nitrogen. 590 Economic Optimum Nitrogen Rate 580 Net Return $0.50/Lbs. N. $0.60/Lbs. N. $0.70/Lbs. N Nitrogen Rate When we look at data from the 2014 nitrogen rate study we see that our EONR across two varieties is 120 lbs. nitrogen per acre. The results for BECK 113 showed us an EONR of 60 lbs./a. Looking at the individual results for BECK 120, we see that our optimum nitrogen rate for this year is 120 lbs./a. When we look at the data from 2012 and 2014 we see that our EONR is between 98 lbs./a. and 106 lbs./a., depending on nitrogen cost. In 2013 we did not have any wheat planted at the Kentucky PFR location due to the move from the Southern Indiana farm to Kentucky and tiling work. 337

338 Kentucky Wheat BECK S Nitrogen Timing & Inhibitor Study PLANTED: October 12, 2013 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: June 19, 2014 TILLAGE: Vertical-Till POPULATION: 1.5 million seeds/a. HERBICIDE: 0.9 oz. Harmony Extra SG ROWS: Twenty-two, 7.5 rows INSECTICIDE: Escalate, 3.6 oz. Fastac EC REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) FUNGICIDE: 6 oz. Prosaro PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 113 Due to the likelihood of soils being waterlogged in the late spring, many growers prefer to make a one pass nitrogen application while fields are frozen, often at the Feekes 3 growth stage. Often a nitrogen inhibitor is recommended to minimize the risk of nitrogen loss as saturated soils begin to warm in the early spring. This study takes a look at the timing of nitrogen applications and the use of nitrogen inhibitors to protect a farmer s nitrogen investment in wheat. Each entry had a total of 120 lbs. of nitrogen applied as a single application or as split applications. Nitrogen forms evaluated in this study include 30% UAN solution both with and without Agrotain Plus, urea, SuperU (urea with Agrotain Plus) and ESN. Agrotain Plus contains both a urease inhibitor to minimize volatilization and a nitrification inhibitor. ESN is a polymer coated urea that results in a slow release of liquifed urea as soil temperatures warm in the spring Nitrogen Rate Feekes Test Weight Bushels Net^ Return 30% UAN 50 lb. & 70 lb. 3 & $ % UAN 120 lb $ % UAN + Agrotain Plus 120 lb $ Urea 50 lb. & 70 lb. 3 & $ Urea 120 lb $ SuperU 120 lb $ ESN 120 lb $ Agrotain Plus 4 Year Summary Test Bushels Net^ Nitrogen Rate Feekes Weight Return UAN Split 3 & $ UAN 100% $ UAN + Agrotain Plus 100% $ Nitrogen Form & Timing 5 Year Summary Nitrogen Rate Feekes Test Weight Bushels Net^ Return UAN Split 3 & $ UAN 100% $ Urea 100% $ Urea Split 3 & $ ESN 100% $ and test weight corrected to 13.5% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $6.45/Bu.) minus treatment cost. Return on investment is difference x $$6.45/Bu. minus treatment cost and application cost, if applicable. $0.60/lb. UAN, $5.00/lb. Agrotain Plus, $0.59/lb. Urea, $0.71/lb. SuperU and $0.74/lb. ESN UAN Applications: A single application of 30% UAN solution provided the highest yield and net return in the UAN portion of this year s testing with a 4.4 advantage over a single application with an inhibitor, and a 3.8 advantage over the split application. The four year summary shows a 1.3 advantage for UAN with Agrotain Plus over straight UAN. Split applications of UAN applied at Feekes 3 and Feekes 5 produced a 0.4 advantage over the single application applied at Feekes 3. Split applications also yielded higher in the 5 year summary. Urea Applications: The 2014 yield data shows strong support for using split applications of urea to achieve higher yields and profits. The split application of urea applied at both the Feekes 3 and Feekes 5 growth stages outyielded the single application at Feekes 3 by 4.6 ; adding an impressive $29.67 additional profit per acre. However, the five year summary shows a yield advantage of only 1.6 The use of SuperU provided less than exceptional yields, with a yield 1.9 less than that of the single application of urea; decreasing profits by $26.66/A. The single application of ESN provided a 17.4 yield loss compared to the single application of urea. The additional cost of this product, along with the sharp decrease in yield, resulted in a loss in profits of $130.23/A. 338

Kentucky Wheat BECK S Fall Nitrogen & Tillage Study - 2014 PLANTED: October 16, 2013 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: June 20, 2014 TILLAGE: Various POPULATION: 1.5 million seeds/a.

339 Kentucky Wheat BECK S Fall Nitrogen & Tillage Study PLANTED: October 16, 2013 PREVIOUS CROP: Corn HARVESTED: June 20, 2014 TILLAGE: Various POPULATION: 1.5 million seeds/a. HERBICIDE: Fall: 2 oz. Sharpen, 1 qt. Glyphosate ROWS: Twenty-two 7.5 rows Spring: 0.9 oz. Harmony Extra SG REPLICATIONS: Two (averaged) INSECTICIDE: 3.6 oz. Fastac EC, Escalate FUNGICIDE: 6 oz. Prosaro PRODUCT TESTED: BECK 135 After the 2013 wheat harvest, many farmers began to wonder if there was any benefit to applying additional nitrogen in the fall to promote early growth. This was prompted by the thought that many of the high wheat yields realized in 2013 could have been due to the amount of carry over nutrients from the 2012 drought. This thought prompted us to create this study. An additional application of 50 lbs. of urea (23 lbs. of nitrogen) was added to the usual 150 lbs. of DAP ( ) in three different common tillage practices. Treatment Test Weight Yield Net^ Return CONVENTIONAL-TILL 27 lb. N. (150 lb. DAP) lb. N. (150 lb. DAP) + 23 lb. N. (50 lb. Urea) $21.90 NO-TILL 27 lb. N (150 lb. DAP) lb. N (150 lb. DAP) + 23 lb. N. (50 lb. Urea) $11.59 VERTICAL-TILL 27 lb. N. (150 lb. DAP) lb. N. (150 lb. DAP) + 23 lb. N. (50 lb. Urea) $0.62 and test weight corrected to 13.5% moisture. ^Net return is gross income ( x $6.45/Bu.) minus treatment cost. $0.59/unit of nitrogen urea. In this year s study positive gains were seen across all three tillage practices as additional nitrogen was applied. Conventional tillage led the pack with a $21.90/A. gain when additional nitrogen was applied. For the conventional entries the ground was worked twice using a Great Plains Turbo Max with blades pitched 6 degrees. The no-till wheat saw a positive return of $11.59/A. when additional nitrogen was added. Though showing a positive return on investment, vertical tillage plus an additional 50 lbs. of urea showed the least return on investment at $0.62/A.. 339