Biodiversity the work of th Intergovernmental science-policy platform of biodiversity and ecosystem services

Transcription

1 Biodiversity the work of th Intergovernmental science-policy platform of biodiversity and ecosystem services

2 Picture from press release!

3 Convention on Biological diversity Rio 1992

4 UN Sustainable Development Goals

5 Pollination - Scenarios and modelling Assessments Four regional assessments: Africa, Americas, Asia & Pacific, Europe & Central Asia + Land degradation and restoration Global Assessment Starts Sustainable use of wild species - Valuation - Invasive species

6 Nature s contributions to people IPBES Conceptual Framework

7 IPBES strengthen knowledge foundations for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and longterm human well-being By increasing the scientific quality in issues such as societal drivers, legal rights, justice, governance, implementation, regional contexts

8 IPBES strengthen knowledge foundations for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and longterm human well-being By being inclusive when it comes to various ways of understanding the human-nature relations Nature s contributions to people

9 IPBES strengthen knowledge foundations for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and longterm human well-being By accepting that there are various ways of developing knowledge

10 IPBES strengthen knowledge foundations for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and longterm human well-being By recognizing that there are various ways of valuing

11

12 Value pluralism

13 From Ecosystem services to Nature s Contributions to People Diaz et al 2018.

14 Non-material contributions NCP s subjective or psychological quality of life, individually and collectively. Can be physically consumed in the process (e.g. animals in recreational or ritual fishing or hunting) or not (individual trees or ecosystems as source of inspiration). NCP broad categories Regulating contributions Functional and structural aspects of organisms and ecosystems that modify environmental conditions experienced by people, and/or sustain and/or regulate the generation of material and non-material benefits. Material contributions Substances, objects or other material elements from nature that sustain people s physical existence and infrastructure. Typically consumable, eg., when organisms are transformed in food, energy, or materials for shelter or for some ornamental purposes.

15 Nature s contributions to people from different perspectives Diaz et al 2018

16 NCP categories from a generalizing perspective Reglerande nyttor Materiella nyttor Immateriella nyttor Diaz et al 2018

17 Adapted in IPBES work on scenarios

18 Africa Africa is the last place on Earth with a wide range of large mammals, yet today there are more African plants, fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and large mammals threatened than ever before by a range of both humaninduced and natural causes. Approximately 500,000 km2 of land is estimated to have been degraded by overexploitation of natural resources, erosion, salinization and pollution, resulting in significant loss of nature s contributions to people. Even greater pressure will be placed on the continent s biodiversity as the current African population of 1.25 billion people is set to double to 2.5 billion by Africa is extremely vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and this is going to have severe consequences for economically marginalized populations. By 2100, climate change could also result in the loss of more than half of African bird and mammal species

19 Americas The economic value of the Americas land-based NCP is estimated to be more than US$24 trillion per year equivalent to the region s GDP, yet almost two-thirds 65% of these contributions are in decline, with 21% declining strongly. Under a business as usual scenario, climate change will be the fastest growing driver negatively impacting biodiversity by 2050 in the Americas, becoming comparable to the pressures imposed by land use change. On average today, the populations of species in an area are about 31% smaller than was the case at the time of European settlement. With the growing effects of climate change added to the other drivers, this loss is projected to reach 40% by Indigenous people and local communities have created a diversity of polyculture and agroforestry systems, which have increased biodiversity and shaped landscapes. However, the decoupling of lifestyles from the local environment has eroded, for many, their sense of place and indigenous local knowledge.

20 Asia &Pacific The region s biodiversity faces unprecedented threats, from extreme weather events and sea level rise, to invasive alien species, agricultural intensification and increasing waste and pollution. Unsustainable aquaculture practices, overfishing and destructive harvesting, threaten coastal and marine ecosystems. If current fishing practices continue, there will be no exploitable fish stocks in the region by % of corals will suffer severe degradation by 2050, even under conservative climate change scenarios. Forests, alpine ecosystems, inland freshwater and wetlands, as well as coastal systems are identified as the most threatened. The increasing variety and abundance of invasive alien species is highlighted as one of the region s most serious drivers of ecosystem change and biodiversity loss.

21 Europe & Central Asia The increasing intensity of conventional agriculture and forestry, which leads to biodiversity decline. Material NCP, such as food and energy, have been promoted at the expense of both regulating NCP, such as pollination, and nonmaterial NCP, such as cultural experiences. The people of the region consume more renewable natural resources than the region produces Further economic growth can facilitate sustainable development only if it is decoupled from the degradation of biodiversity and nature s capacity to contribute to people. Such decoupling requires far-reaching policy changes

22 Land degradation & restoration Worsening land degradation undermines well-being of 3.2 Billion people Rapid expansion and unsustainable management of croplands and grazing lands is the most extensive global direct driver of land degradation, causing significant loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services food security, water purification, the provision of energy and other contributions of nature essential to people. This has reached critical levels in many parts of the world Underlying drivers of land degradation are the high-consumption lifestyles in the most developed economies, combined with rising consumption in developing and emerging economies. Opportunities to accelerate action includes integrating the agricultural, forestry, energy, water, infrastructure and service agendas.

23 Policy options? Biodiversity issues need to receive much higher priority in policy making and development planning at every level There are no silver bullets or one-size-fits all answers. The best options in all assessments are found in better governance, integrating biodiversity concerns into sectoral policies, the application of scientific knowledge and technology, increased awareness and behavioural changes Indigenous and local knowledge can be an invaluable asset Cross-border collaboration is essential, given that biodiversity challenges recognize no national boundaries

24 Díaz, S., Pascual, U., Stenseke, M., Martín-López, B., Watson, R.T., Molnár, Z. et al Assessing nature s contributions to people. Science, 359: Díaz, S., S. Demissew, J. Carabias, C, et al The IPBES Conceptual Framework Connecting Nature and People. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 14: IPBES. The Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, IPBES, Summary for policymakers of the regional assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services for Europe and Central Asia of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. Fischer & Rounsevell, et al. (eds.). IPBES secretariat, Bonn. IPBES The methodological assessment report on scenarios and models of biodiversity and ecosystem services. cenarios_models.pdf Pascual, U., P. Balvanera, S. Díaz, G. Pataki, E. Roth, M. Stenseke, R.T. Watson et al Valuing nature s contributions to people: the IPBES approach. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability :