Development of improved medium grain rice variety for Southern US challenges and opportunities

Transcription

1 Development of improved medium grain rice variety for Southern US challenges and opportunities Xueyan Sha Rice Research and Extension Center, University of Arkansas, USA

2 Length/width ratio Amylose content 12-19% Gelatinization temperature 60-65ºC Used in breakfast cereals, confections, and snack type products as puffed rice Used in desserts and puddings for its creamy consistency Flours used in extruded products for energy bars, snacks and cereals or as thickeners in baby foods Table rice

3 HECTARES (X1,000) Fluctuation of Medium-grain (MG) Acreage in Southern US, (USDA-ERS) Southern MG California MG US MG

4 Southern Medium-grain Rice Varieties Released since 1992 Variety Pedigree Grain Type* Releasing state Release year Titan M-206//Bengal/Lafitte/3/Jupiter MG Arkansas 2016 CL272 Neptune//Bengal/CL161 CL MG Louisiana 2015 MM14 Unknown MG Missouri 2015 CL271 Neptune//Bengal/CL161 CL MG Louisiana 2013 Caffey Bengal//Mercury/Rico 1/3/Mercury/Rico 1//Bengal MG Louisiana 2010 CL261 Bengal/CL161 CL MG Louisiana 2010 Neptune Bengal//Mercury/Rico 1/3/Mercury/Rico 1//Bengal MG Louisiana 2007 Jupiter Bengal/Rico 1/3/Bengal//Mercury/Rico 1 MG Louisiana 2005 Medark Bengal/Short Rico MG Arkansas 2004 Earl Mercury/Rico 1//Bengal MG Louisiana 2000 Lafitte Mercury//Mercury/Koshihikari MG Louisiana 1995 Bengal Mars//M-201/Mars MG Louisiana 1992 *MG = Medium-grain, and CL MG = Clearfield medium-grain

5 Challenges and Prospective of Southern MG A niche market as compared to long-grain rice Any new medium-grain variety has to be approved by Kellogg s for its prosperous future, and Kellogg s will not approve anything until they satisfy with the plant scale evaluation (requiring a large quantity of rice) Narrower gene pool, less breeding efforts, and few pre-breeding germplasm available Prone to bacterial panicle blight (Burkholderia spp.) However, unlimited potential (plenty of water), stable yielder, and performs well in some problematic soils, such as those with the high PH

6 Medium-grain Rice Breeding Goals Higher yield potential Good and stable milling yields Standard grain and cooking quality for Southern mediumgrain rice Minimum or no chalkiness Lodging resistance Disease resistance sheath blight, blast, and bacterial panicle blight Early maturity

7 Breeding Methodology Medium Grain

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22 Breeder Headrows - CLX1111

23 2016 Breeding Populations 625 transplanted single cross F 1, 96 testcrosses, and 23 backcross populations. 700 Space-planted F 2 populations with over half a million unique individual plants. 58,640 panicle rows ranging from F 3 to F 6. 1,030 new breeding lines tested in CSIT/SIT trials. 60 elite breeding lines and varieties tested in AYT at 3 Arkansas locations. 25 advanced medium- and long-grain breeding lines tested in ARPT, 22 in URRN trials, and 2 in Arkansas on-farm (PREP). 3 Puerto Rico winter nurseries were planted and selected. 691 new crosses were made to incorporate the desirable traits from various sources into elite Arkansas rice genotypes.

24 Marker-assisted Selection of Breeding Lines and Segregating Progenies, Year Target Traits Trait/ Markers Breeding Materials Data Points 2016 Blast resist and cooking quality, Clearfield trait Pi-ta, Pi-k, Pi-z, Alk, Waxy CSIT/SIT yield entries and BC1F1/Topcross F1 13, Blast resist and cooking quality Pi-ta, Pi-k, Pi-z, Alk, Waxy CSIT/SIT yield entries and germplasm 6, Blast resist and cooking quality Pi-ta, b, z, Waxy and Alk BC1F1/Topcross F1, visually selected pan rows, and CSIT/SIT yield entries 2, Cooking quality Waxy and Alk Visually selected pan rows 1,280

25 Jupiter Titan TITAN Variety Days to 50% Heading Plant Height (cm) Lodging (%) Yield (t/ha) Head Rice (%) Total Rice (%) Titan Jupiter

26 Performance of Promising Breeding Lines and Selected Check Varieties in 2016 ARPT Trials Variety/Line Pedigree Grain Type Days to 50% Heading Height (cm) Lodging (%) 16ARPT269 EARL/4/ORIN//MERC/RICO/3/ MG ARPT271 EARL/ //RICO/BNGL MG ARPT272 EARL/ //JPTR MG RU RU /CL261 CL MG Titan Titan MG Jupiter Jupiter MG CL272 CL272 CL MG CL153 CL153 CL LG Diamond Diamond LG Mermentau Mermentau LG Yield (t/ha)

27 Question?