Changing pattern of plant height in rice cultivars with increased fertilizer

Transcription

1 Journl Crop n Wee, 11(Speil Issue):44-50(2015) Chnging pttern of plnt height in rie ultivrs with inrese fertilizer A. L. RANAWAKE Deprtment of Agriulturl Biology, Fulty of Agriulture, University of Ruhun, Sri Lnk Ree5ive: ; Revise: ; Aepte: ABSTRACT One hunre rie ultivrs with plnt height rnge from 70 m -150 m ws use to stuy the hnging pttern of plnt height with fertilizer pplition. A fiel experiment ws rrie out uring Mh seson n 2012 Yl seson t Fulty of Agriulture, University of Ruhun, Sri Lnk. Germinte sees were plnte in rows with 15 m X 20 m sping. Four plots were rrnge n plots were seprte from uns to prevent mixing of fertilizer. Four fertilizer levels were provie to seprte plots s no fertilizer, hlf of the reommene ose (x ½ RD), reommene ose (RD: Ure 50 kg h, TSP 62.5 kg h, MOP 50 kg h ) n oule the reommene ose (x 2 RD). Experiment ws onute with four replitions oring to the rnomize omplete lok esign n eh replite onsiste of three lines. Twenty plnts were inlue in to eh line. Dt were ollete on plnt height (m) t mturity stge. Rie ultivrs were groupe oring to plnt height t no fertilizer level: m, m, m, m m, >150 m et. Chnging pttern of plt height in ifferent plnt-height groups t ifferent fertilizer levels ws plotte. It ws foun tht t shorter plnt height groups ( m), plnts inrese the height with inrese fertilizer while in m plnt-height group, hnging pttern of plnt height ws nerly in norml istriution. However the hnging pttern of plnt height in ll the other plnt height groups (> 130 m) ws sigmoi. It n e onlue tht the elongtion pttern of leves or ulms of rie plnts with inrese fertilizer epens on the initil plnt height of rie ultivrs t no fertilizer level. Keywors: Plnt height, MOP, TSP, Ure Some morphologil trits ssoite with new plnt rhiteture of rie hve een foun to hve lose reltionship with yieling ility of rie vriety (Yng et l., 2007; Yng n Hw, 2008). Plnt height is mjor ontriutor to the yiel (Yv et l., 2011) ut greter plnt height suseptile to loging reues yiel, qulity of proution, n mehnil hrvesting effiieny (Weer n Fehr, 1966). It ws estimte tht loging use loss of 26 kg h in rie proution in southern Ini (Duwyri et l., 2000). Roerts et l. (2013) hve reporte tht the semi-wrf ultivrs proue higher yiels thn tht of in tll ultivrs. However the yiel potentil of rie ultivrs is ontrolle y oth geneti ftors n environmentl ftors (Selvrj et l., 2011). Plnt height revele signifint positive orreltions with yiel (Ruen n Ktuli, 1989; Kumr, 1992) ut Hirmnsis et l. (2010) note tht plnt height h negtive effet on grin yiel. Aoring to Khn et l. (2009) plnt height h the highest iret effet on numer of grins per pnile. Fertilizer inrese most of the gro-morphologil hrteristis in rie. Fertilizer onsumption epens on rie vriety; soil onition n frmer prties (Hh n Nm, 2006). Effiieny of fertilizer on vrious rie ultivrs hve een stuie previously n the results revele tht there is potentil to inrese grin yiel y pplition of fertilizer (Awn et l., 2011; Sleem et l., 2011; Bhuyn et l., 2012). Sito et l., (2005) use three Emil: lnkrnwke@hotmil.om tritionl n three improve ultivrs to unerstn the effet of four fertilizer tretments: no e fertilizer, Nitrogen only (N; 90 kg N h ), phosphte only (P; 50 kg P h ), n N n P (NP) t three lotions. The two improve ultivrs, reporte higher totl ry mtter n hrvest inex, lower plnt height n more pniles thn tritionl ultivrs. The present stuy ws rrie out to unerstn the effet of ifferent levels of fertilizer on plnt height in rie. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hunre rie ultivrs inluing ninety four tritionl n six improve rie essions given in tle 1, were ollete from Plnt Geneti Resoures Center (PGRC, 1999). Sees of these ultivrs were geminte n plnte in nursery es. Ten ys ol seelings were trnsplnte in the experimentl fiel t the Fulty of Agriulture, Mpln, Kmurupitiy, Sri Lnk. To unerstn the effet of fertilizer on plnt height, four ifferent fertilizer levels were pplie in to the fiel whih ws seprte y uns. Fertilizer levels were: no fertilizer, hlf of the reommene ose (x ½ RD), reommene ose (RD) n twie the reommene ose (x 2RD). The reommene fertilizer ose ws sl ressing (Ure 50 kg h, TSP 62.5 kg h, MOP 50 kg h ) efore plnting n top ressings (Ure 37.5 Kg h ) two times t 2 weeks fter plnting n t 8 weeks fter plnting. J. Crop n Wee, 11(Speil Issue) 44

2 Rnwke Tle 1: Rie essions use for the experiment (PGRC,1999) Sl. no Aession no Nme Sl. no Aession no Nme Kluhnirn Muthumnikm Kirikr Inuru Kryl Kotthvlu I Klu gires Den wee Mru Herth Bn Blkr Honrwl Burum Thvlu Kottkrm Seerg Sm Bttilo Dnumr H 10(Improve) Kryl I Mnhel Perunel Dewreeri Thunmr Hmr Suu wee Dingiri Menik Suu Go wee Mel Kiri Nrn Miti Riyn Kryl II Suuru Sm II Akurmo Gngl Puwkmlt Sm Heenpoi wee Plsithri Sinnnyn Murungkyn Geerg Sm Murungkyn Dik wee Bl M wee I MI 329(Improve) Pokuru Sm Suwn Sm Rt wee Mel Glle Suuru Suu wee Rtnpur Ingrisi wee Mh Murung Bull Kotthvlu II Mel Klutr Klu Kryl Seevlee Rtnpur Rnruwn EAT Sm Rjes Sirppu Pleusithri Moluw Muthu Sm Suuru Sm I Poi suu wee Hnirn Wnni Heenti Gunrtn BG 35-2(Improve) Polyl I BG 35-7(Improve) Tiss wee BG 34-8(Improve) Suu Kryl A (Improve) Poisym Perimorungn Giress Muukiriel Nuu wee Suuru Sm III Kokuvelli Khrmn II Kryl III Bl M wee II Murung wee Chinnpoiyn Mtr wee Kiri Murung wee Khrmn I Heenikki Krew Jmis wee I Hlew Lumini II Yk wee I Sinnnym Lumini I Yk wee II Polyl II Jmis wee II Heenik wee Bthkiri el Kht Sm Klukn J. Crop n Wee, 11(Speil Issue) 45

3 Chnging pttern of plnt height in rie Tle 2: Effet of fertilizer on plnt height (m) of evlute tritionl rie ultivrs Aession no Nme No fert. x1/2 RD RD x2 RD 3673 Kluhnirn Kirikr Kotthvlu I Den wee Herth Bn Honrwl Kottkrm Dnumr Kryl I Dewreeri Suu wee Suu Go wee Kiri Nrn Kryl II Akurmo Puwkmlt Sm Plsithri Murungkyn Murungkyn Bl M wee I Pokuru Sm Rt wee Suuru Ingrisi wee Kotthvlu II Klu Kryl Rnruwn Rjes Moluw Suuru Sm I Hnirn Gunrtn Polyl I Tiss wee Suu Kryl Poisym Giress Nuu wee Kokuvelli Kryl III Murung wee Mtr wee Khrmn I Krew Hlew Yk wee I Lumini I Polyl II Heenik wee Kht Sm J. Crop n Wee, 11(Speil Issue) 46

4 Rnwke Aession no Nme No fert. x1/2 RD RD x2 RD 3645 Muthumnikm Inuru Kryl Klu gires Mru Blkr Burum Thvlu Seerg Sm Bttilo H Mnhel Perunel Thunmr Hmr Dingiri Menik Mel Miti Riyn Suuru Sm II Gngl Heenpoi wee Sinnnyn Geerg Sm Dik wee MI Suwn Sm Mel Glle Suu wee Rtnpur Mh Murung Bull Mel Klutr Seevlee Rtnpur EAT Sm Sirppu Pleusithri Muthu Sm Poi suu wee Wnni Heenti BG BG BG A Perimorungn Muukiriel Suuru Sm III Khrmn II Bl M wee II Chinnpoiyn Kiri Murung wee Heenikki Jmis wee I Lumini II Sinnnym Yk wee II Jmis wee II Bthkiri el Klukn DMRT groupings re given in romn letters. The sme letters in the sme row re not signifintly iffere J. Crop n Wee, 11(Speil Issue) 47

5 Chnging pttern of plnt height in rie Chnging pttern of plnt height with fertilizer in ifferent fertilizer pplitions NoF: No fertilizer, 1/2RD: Hlf reommene ose, RD: Reommene ose, X2RD: Doule reommene ose. J. Crop n Wee, 11(Speil Issue) 48

6 Rnwke The experiment ws rrie out oring to the rnomize omplete lok esign with four replitions n 3 rws per plot with 15 m x 20 m plnt sping. Eh rw ontine 20 plnts n the milerw-plnts were onsiere for the t olletion. The soil type of the fiel ws low humi gly soil with low se sturtion. Wee mngement n pest mngement were one to minimize the environmentl effet on the finl grin yiel. Fiel ws properly overe y irs nest to minimize the ir ttk on the yiel. Plnt height t were ollete on 80 plnts in four replitions. ANOVA ws performe using SAS (2000) to see the signifint ifferene mong rie ultivrs in fertilizer response on plnt height. Rie ultivrs were groupe oring to plnt height t no fertilizer level. Plnt height ws verge in ll rie ultivrs in eh plnt-height group in four ifferent fertilizer levels. Chnging pttern of plnt height with fertilizer in eh plnt-height group ws oserve. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION To unerstn the prevlene of signifint ifferene mong ifferent fertilizer pplition in iniviul rie ultivrs in plnt height, ANOVA ws performe for iniviul rie ultivrs n DMRT groupings were otine. Aoring to ANOVA, plnt height of iniviul tritionl rie ultivr ws signifintly vrie with the fertilizer levels (Tle 2). None of the ultivrs remine onstnt in plnt height t the four fertilizer levels. Mny rie ultivrs inrese the plnt height with fertilizer (eg: Kottkrm, Dewreeri). In line with this Rju n Rey (1993), Thkur (1993), Zmn et l. (1995), Hri et l. (1997) n Beher (1998) lso reporte the inrese plnt height with fertilizer. The highest plnt height ws reore y the ultivr Honrwl (178.2 m) t the x 2 RD while the lowest plnt height ws reore y the ultivr Heenik wee (65.8 m) t x ½ RD. Kottkrm, Dewreeri, Heenpoi wee, Geerg Sm n Sinnnym ultivrs inrese their height linerly with the inrese fertilizer pplitions. Different rie ultivrs inrese their plnt height ifferently t four fertilizer levels. Consiering whih ultivrs reore the highest plnt height t speifi fertilizer level; ultivr Honrwl reore the highest plnt height oth t no fertilizer (154.4 m) n t x 2 RD (178.2 m) while Herth Bn (170.4 m) n Mnhel Perunel (166.9 m) reore the highest plnt height t x ½ RD n t RD respetively. Cultivr Heenik wee reore the lowest plnt height oth t no fertilizer (73.2 m) n t x ½ RD (65.8 m). Sinnnyn 398 (91.4 m) n Plsithri 601 (79.4 m) ultivrs reore the lowest plnt height t RD n t x2 RD respetively. Mny rie ultivrs like Akurmo, Puwkmlt sm reore the lowest plnt height t x2 RD. The sme results hve een otine y Gerekin n Seyoum (2006). Menwhile, plnt height of ultivr Rt wee remine onstnt t no fertilizer, x ½RD n RD n then rpily erese with x2 RD. Cultivr BG 35-2 n Muukiriel reore onstnt plnt height t no fertilizer n x½ RD n then plnt height inrese up to onstnt level t RD n x2 RD. It ws oserve tht t shorter plnt height groups ( m), plnts inrese the height with inrese fertilizer while in m plnt-height group, plnt height ws not inrese with x 2RD fertilizer level thn tht of the RD fertilizer level n the istriution of plnt height ws nerly norml (Fig.1). However, the hnging pttern of plnt height in ll the other plnt height groups (> 130 m) ws sigmoi. It n e onlue tht the elongtion pttern of leves or ulms of rie plnts with inrese fertilizer epens on the initil plnt height of rie ultivrs t no fertilizer level REFERENCE Awn, T.H., Ali, R.I., Mnzoor, Z., Ahm, M. n Akhtr, M Effet of ifferent Nitrogen levels n row sping on the performne of newly evolve meium rie vriety, KSK Anim. & Pl. Si. 21: Bhuiyn, S.I Wter mngement in reltion to rop proution: Cse stuy on rie. Outlook Agri., 21: Duwyri, M. Trn, D.V. n Nguyen, V.N., Refletions on yiel gps in rie proution: how to nrrow the gps. Bining the Rie Yiel Gp in the A s i - P i f i R e g i o n. R e t r i e v e f r o m Hh, C.V., n Nm, N.T.H Response of some promising high yieling rie vrieties to Nitrogen fertilizer. Omonrie, 14: Hirmnsis, A., Kustinto, B. n Suprtopo, S., Correltion nlysis of gronomi hrters n grin yiel of rie for til swmp res. Agri. Si. 11: J. Crop n Wee, 11(Speil Issue) 49

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