Lecture Notes of the Massive Open Online Course. National Adaptation Plans: Building Climate Resilience in Agriculture

Transcription

1 Lecture Ntes f the Massive Open Online Curse Natinal Adaptatin Plans: Building Climate Resilience in Agriculture Mdule 2: Internatinal Framewrks and Natinal Adaptatin Planning

2 Lecture Ntes f the Massive Open Online Curse Natinal Adaptatin Plans: Building Climate Resilience in Agriculture Mdule 2: Internatinal Framewrks and Natinal Adaptatin Planning Fd and Agriculture Organizatin f the United Natins Rme, 2018

3 \ The designatins emplyed and the presentatin f material in this infrmatin prduct d nt imply the expressin f any pinin whatsever n the part f the Fd and Agriculture Organizatin f the United Natins (FAO) cncerning the legal r develpment status f any cuntry, territry, city r area r f its authrities, r cncerning the delimitatin f its frntiers r bundaries. The mentin f specific cmpanies r prducts f manufacturers, whether r nt these have been patented, des nt imply that these have been endrsed r recmmended by FAO in preference t thers f a similar nature that are nt mentined. The views expressed in this infrmatin prduct are thse f the authr(s) and d nt necessarily reflect the views r plicies f FAO. FAO, 2018 FAO encurages the use, reprductin and disseminatin f material in this infrmatin prduct. Except where therwise indicated, material may be cpied, dwnladed and printed fr private study, research and teaching purpses, r fr use in nn-cmmercial prducts r services, prvided that apprpriate acknwledgement f FAO as the surce and cpyright hlder is given and that FAO s endrsement f users views, prducts r services is nt implied in any way. All requests fr translatin and adaptatin rights, and fr resale and ther cmmercial use rights shuld be made via r addressed t cpyright@fa.rg. FAO infrmatin prducts are available n the FAO website ( and can be purchased thrugh publicatinssales@fa.rg.

4 Mdule 2 Cntents Frewrd... v Acknwledgements... vi Part I Intrductin t the LEG Technical Guidelines n NAP NAP-NDC linkages... 7 Part II NAP-Ag Prgramme Intrductin Supplementary Guidelines: Addressing Agriculture, Frestry and Fisheries in Natinal Adaptatin Plans a Genetic Resurces in NAPs Cuntry vices fr NAP-Ag in Uruguay and Zambia...17 References MOOC vides Integrating Agriculture in Natinal Adaptatin Plans. Watch here: iii

5 iv

6 Frewrd This dcument presents a lecture nte prepared fr the Natinal Adaptatin Plans: Building Climate Resilience int Agriculture Massive Open Online Curse (MOOC) which is ne f the deliverables f the Natinal Adaptatin Plans (NAP-Ag) Prgramme. The NAP-Ag Prgramme is a jint effrt led by the United Natins Develpment Prgramme (UNDP) and the Fd and Agriculture Organizatin f the United Natins (FAO) t supprt a set f develping cuntries t identify and integrate climate change adaptatin measures in the agricultural sectrs int relevant natinal planning and budgeting prcesses. Under this prgramme, UNITAR supprted UNDP and FAO in develping a MOOC t raise awareness and increase the capacities f a wide range f interested stakehlders in climate change adaptatin planning, specifically fr the agriculture sectrs. This MOOC is structured arund 6 thematic mdules: 1. Intrductin t climate change adaptatin, agriculture and fd security 2. Internatinal Framewrks and Natinal Adaptatin Planning 3. Identifying and assessing climate change impacts and risks 4. Identifying and priritizing climate adaptatin ptins 5. Gvernance, crdinatin and finance 6. Cmmunicatins, mnitring and evaluatin The lecture ntes include links t cmplementary lecture vides and additinal resurces. The Mdule 2 intrduces the NAP prcess and the NAP-Ag Prgramme. The Mdule 2 presents the LEG Technical Guidelines n NAP and the key elements f the NAP prcess. Attentin is paid t the imprtance f the NAPs alignment with the Natinally Determined Cntributins (NDCs) and the 2030 Agenda fr Sustainable Develpment. This mdule als intrduces the Addressing agriculture, frestry and fisheries in Natinal Adaptatin Plans Supplementary guidelines develped by FAO. Cuntry experiences frm Uruguay and Zambia n integratin f agriculture in NAPs are presented. Learning Objectives (1) Explain the prcess f frmulatin and implementatin f Natinal Adaptatin Plans; (2) Describe the Integrating Agriculture in Natinal Adaptatin Plans (NAP-Ag) Prgramme and supplementary guidelines fr addressing agriculture in natinal adaptatin planning. v

7 Acknwledgements This curse and the prgramme were made pssible by the generus funding f the German Federal Ministry fr the Envirnment, Nature Cnservatin, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB) thrugh its Internatinal Climate Initiative (IKI). vi

8 Part I Intrductin t the LEG Technical Guidelines n NAP UNITAR Key messages 1) The guiding principles fr the NAP prcess (decided under the UNFCCC, Decisin 5/CP.17) reflect a cntinuus planning prcess at the natinal level with iterative updates and utputs, that is t be cuntry-wned, cuntry-driven, nn-prescriptive, but flexible and based n cuntry needs. 2) The NAP technical guidelines lay dwn principles and elements which assist decisin-makers t lead and navigate the prcess f NAP frmulatin and implementatin in their cuntries. 3) The fur prpsed elements f the NAP prcess prvide a flexible series f steps and activities that can be carried ut in any rder r cmbinatin, as per the need f each cuntry. Guiding Principles The guiding principles fr the NAP prcess (decided under the UNFCCC, Decisin 5/CP.17) reflect a cntinuus planning prcess at the natinal level with iterative updates and utputs, that is t be cuntry-wned, cuntry-driven, nn-prescriptive, but flexible and based n cuntry needs. The planning prcess shuld: ensure t build n and nt duplicate existing adaptatin effrts, be participatry and transparent, enhance cherence f adaptatin and develpment planning, cnsider vulnerable grups, cmmunities and ecsystems, be guided by best available science, take int cnsideratin traditinal and indigenus knwledge, and be gender-sensitive. 1 Technical Guidelines At COP 17, the cuntries that are Parties t the United Natins Framewrk Cnventin n Climate Change (r UNFCCC), asked the Least Develped Cuntry Experts Grup (LEG) t draft cmprehensive technical guidelines fr NAPs. In December 2012, the experts grup published the Technical Guidelines fr the NAP prcess. Tday, these guidelines are a key resurce fr adaptatin planning and are extensively used by cuntries. 1 Decisin 5/CP.17, p.80 1

9 The Guidelines are nt prescriptive and are flexible there is n single apprach that applies t all cuntries, and each can decide n their wn steps and sequence t accmplish their wn planning prcess. They are generic because they can be used by Least Develped Cuntries (LDCs) and nn-ldcs alike. Finally, the guidelines are iterative because the elements, steps and activities build n and infrm each ther. The principles give shape t the general apprach f the NAP, which is als reflected in the way the elements f the NAP can be addressed in a generic, flexible manner, where n ne apprach r sequence f activities is impsed n planning in different cuntries. Cmplementarity f appraches and steps, which are develped t suit specific circumstances, is encuraged. Elements f the NAP Prcess The LEG NAP Technical Guidelines (2012) identify fur elements fr the frmulatin and implementatin f natinal adaptatin plans: A) lay the grundwrk and address gaps; B) preparatry elements; C) implementatin strategies; D) reprting, mnitring, and review (refer t Table 1 belw). Table 1: Steps under each f the elements f the frmulatin f Natinal Adaptatin Plans, which may be undertaken as apprpriate (LDC Expert Grup, 2012, 23, Table 1) 2

10 Each element includes 17 steps and indicative activities under each step t prvide further guidance and directin fr decisin-makers. Each step and suggested activity is prvided in the technical guidelines available nline. There are several crss-cutting themes which will need t be taken int cnsideratin in mre than ne f the recmmended steps and activities. Examples f these crss-cutting themes are cmmunicatin and utreach, stakehlder invlvement, and educatin and training. A. Lay the Grundwrk and Address Gaps Element A is abut the launch the NAP prcess. This phase f the NAP prcess can be used fr understanding the general planning and decisin-making prcesses that shape the cuntry s develpment and climate change pririties, understanding the institutins and stakehlders in the gvernment, the nngvernmental sectr and the brader develpment cmmunity alng with surcing financial supprt. The main utputs f this element culd include: A natinal mandate and strategic plan fr the NAP prcess Fr example, in Bhutan, the need fr a NAP prcess, supprted by a climate change plicy, was identified during a Climate Dialgue held in In February 2016, gvernment directives frmally established a mandate fr the Climate Change Department t lead the develpment f a NAP and a Climate Change Plicy. 2 A radmap r strategy fr the NAP prcess Australia s natinal adaptatin framewrk, develped as part f its Plan f Cllabrative Actin n Climate Change in 2006, is an example f such strategy. 3 It utlines the future agenda f cllabratin between the Australian subnatinal gvernments t address key demands frm business and the cmmunity fr targeted infrmatin n climate change impacts, and t fill critical knwledge gaps which inhibit effective adaptatin. The designatin f a multi-stakehlder secretariat r crdinating cmmittee t spearhead the prcess. Remember the example frm Zambia discussed in Week 1. In Zambia, the Ministry f Natinal Develpment Planning was assigned the mandate t crdinate the NAP prcess, thrugh its Interim Climate Change Secretariat. Synthesis f available data and knwledge and gap analyses In effect, the step includes stcktaking f nging and past adaptatin activities, and cmbining available data and analyses f the current and future climate at the brad natinal and reginal level. A gd example f the utput is Malawi s NAP Stcktaking Reprt 2016 (UNDP), 2016, which includes pre-existing climate adaptatin prcesses in Malawi, factrs cntributing t Malawi s vulnerability t climate change, climate change science and data resurces in Malawi, etc. The synthesized data and knwledge culd then 2 Gvernment f Bhutan, LDC Expert Grup,

11 feed int the pssible next step f carrying ut a gap analysis f the capacities and weaknesses f the activities, and the adequacy f available data and resurces. B. Preparatry Elements Element B is assciated with the preparatin f the natinal adaptatin plan. At this stage, cuntries can invlve all stakehlders in preparing a NAP that builds n, and can be integrated int, sectral, subnatinal and natinal plans and strategies. In this element, the recmmendatins prduced at the end f the first phase are cnverted int actinable and cncrete adaptatin plans and prjects, duly apprved by natinal authrities. The main utputs culd include: Vulnerability and adaptatin assessments 4 The results f the vulnerability and adaptatin assessment can be a cmpilatin f vulnerabilities and a descriptin f their cntext, rt causes, trends and ptential assumptins made, and can be assembled int natinal plans. Vulnerability assessments can be fund in Assessment Reprt 5 Wrking Grup 2 f the IPCC, Natinal Cmmunicatins, and ften as part f baseline assessments fr different prjects and prgramme s. Initiatin f adaptatin plans at different subnatinal levels r sectrs The adaptatin plans may cntain adaptatin pririties, planned activities, and an implementatin strategy fr a perid f time. This is a multi-year, multi-stakehlder effrt that entails wrking with gvernment actrs. An appraisal f adaptatin ptins 5 Individual adaptatin ptins, including ecnmic, ecsystem and scial csts and benefits, and pssibilities fr unintended impacts f these measures, may be categrized at multiple scales t address pririty vulnerabilities. C. Implementatin Strategy Element C is abut implementatin. During this phase f the planning prcess, fcus shifts t adaptatin actins which can be priritized within the cuntry s lng-term planning an strengthening institutinal capacity and regulatry framewrks fr NAPs at natinal, sectral and subnatinal levels. The main utputs wuld be: A (lng-term) strategy fr implementing the NAPs An example f an implementatin strategy is Tnga s Jint Natinal Actin Plan 6 n Climate Change Adaptatin and Disaster Risk Management ( ) frmulated by the Ministry f Envirnment and Climate Change and Natinal Emergency Management Office. 4 These will be discussed in mre detail in Week 3. 5 These will be discussed in mre detail in Week 4. 6 Fr mre infrmatin: 4

12 Cncrete activities t implement pririties identified in the earlier steps. Plans fr ensuring and prmting synergy with ther multilateral envirnmental agreements and prgrams at the reginal and natinal level. D. Reprting, Mnitring and Reviewing Element D is abut mnitring, reprting, review and disseminatin. In Element D, cuntries cllect infrmatin n the NAP prcess, assess it thrugh a natinal M&E system and prvide/share utputs fr the reprting n prgress t the COP f the UNFCCC. The main utputs f this element wuld include: A plan fr mnitring and evaluatin, data cllectin and nging cmpilatin and synthesis f new infrmatin n impacts and vulnerabilities t be used in updating the NAPs This wuld invlve several steps beginning with revisiting and reviewing NAP prcess and the initial M&E system set up in the first element t assess prgress, effectiveness and gaps; cmpiling and synthesizing infrmatin f new assessments and emerging science; and identifying areas that wuld be evaluated thrugh qualitative and quantitative perfrmance measures. Iteratively updated natinal adaptatin plans The update culd include the revisin f the NAP strategy, specifying what steps and activities wuld be repeated, replaced r added. The updates t the NAPS culd be aligned with relevant natinal develpment plans. Outreach n the NAP prcess and reprting n prgress and effectiveness In fact, the NAPs are t be disseminated internatinally and thrugh the UNFCCC secretariat. The LEG technical Guidelines n NAP are a cmprehensive but nn-prescriptive set f guidelines t assist cuntries in frmulating their Natinal Adaptatin Plans. The main elements and steps cuntries may wish t undertake as part f their NAPs include laying the grundwrk; carrying ut preparatry elements; implementing strategies and actins; and mnitring, reviewing and reprting. Finally, each cuntry s climate change adaptatin cncerns are different and cuntries shuld decide n the specific steps fr their natinal prcess. Abbreviatins GEF Glbal Envirnment Facility LDCF Least Develped Cuntries Fund ASC Adaptatin Sub-Cmmittee under UK s Climate Change Act f 2008 MEA Multilateral Envirnmental Agreements LAPA Natinal Framewrk fr the Lcal Adaptatin Plan fr Actin initiated in 2010 in Nepal 5

13 Key resurces 1) Decisin 5/CP.17, Available here: 2) LEG Technical Guidelines n NAP, Available here: elines_eng_high res.pdf Resurces fr further learning Supprting Cmrs t advance their NAP prcess. Available at: Kingdm f Tnga. Jint Natinal Actin Plan On Climate Change Adaptatin And Disaster Risk Management ( ). Available at: Gvernent f Nepal. Ministry f Envirnment. NAPA t LAPA. Available at: NAP Glbal Supprt Prgramme: Malawi. Available at: 6

14 2.1.2 NAP-NDC linkages Experts: Rhini Khli, Julie Teng Key Messages 1) The challenges psed by climate change require a crdinated medium-term t lng-term strategy at cuntry level and it is crucial that bth adaptatin and mitigatin actins are planned fr adequately, using the best available science and evidence base. 2) It is imprtant that NAP and NDC implementatin, where cuntries have chsen t have the tw prcesses, build n each ther t prvide a cherent framewrk. 3) The synergy between NAP and NDC can be harnessed with regards t integrated institutinal framewrks, capacity develpment strategies, priritizatin f interventins, integrated financing framewrks, and mnitring, evaluatin and reprting. 4) NAP prcesses are an imprtant part f bth implementing the Paris Agreement, thrugh NDCs, and achieving the SDGs. There is a strategic pprtunity t imprve adaptatin planning and actin n the grund as well as t enhance the scale and sustainability f impact frm the three planning prcesses, by harnessing the linkages and leveraging each t the mutual benefit f all three. With the Paris Agreement s entry int frce in 2016, the fcus shifted t its implementatin. Natinally Determined Cntributins (NDCs) are the primary vehicle fr capturing, reprting and updating cuntries cmmitments and prgress under the Paris Agreement. Cuntries are lking at hw t meet the cmmitments they set ut in their NDCs. Mre than a hundred develping cuntries have chsen t include an adaptatin cmpnent in their NDC and at least fifty mentin the NAP. The imprtance f adaptatin is als emphasized within the text f the Paris Agreement itself, bth thrugh the inclusin f a glbal gal n adaptatin and with a call fr all cuntries t engage in natinal adaptatin planning prcesses. Develping cuntries are, in parallel, aligning their lng-term natinal develpment pririties with the Sustainable Develpment Gals (SDGs) framewrk. The NAPs prcess will gvern priritizatin and planning fr scaling up adaptatin investments fr the near and medium term in many develping cuntries. Here are sme f the reasns why establishing synergies and systematic linkages between NAPs and key prcesses such as NDCs, the 2030 Develpment Agenda and its SDGs are essential: All cuntries have a stake in the implementatin f the Sustainable Develpment Agenda and the Paris Agreement; cuntries are rlling ut actins n bth simultaneusly. Ministries f Envirnment, Finance and Planning, as well as sectral ministries, play a key rle with respect t NAPs, SDGs and NDCs and need t manage these prcesses effectively fr the benefit f bth develpment and climate actin There is a strategic pprtunity t imprve adaptatin planning and actin n the grund as well as t enhance the scale and sustainability f impact frm the three planning prcesses, by harnessing the linkages and leveraging each t the mutual benefit f all three. 7

15 Crdinatin and linkages wuld als allw t: Reduce vulnerability by integrating adaptatin cnsideratins int all relevant plans, plicies, and strategies and priritize and plan fr adaptatin Implement the Paris Agreement: with NDCs as the primary vehicle fr capturing, reprting and updating cmmitments and prgress Align lng-term natinal develpment pririties with the SDG framewrk. This alignment f develpment pririties between NAPs and NDCs can be dne alng the fllwing lines: Integrated gvernance: Cllabrative crdinatin mechanisms and clear institutinal mandates: as the respnsibility fr leading and crdinating bth NDC and NAPs are likely t fall under the same Ministry A cherent plicy framewrk n climate change frm which mitigatin and adaptatin strategies wuld derive, r t which the latter wuld cntribute Strengthened awareness f and knwledge n climate change impacts n develpment amng decisin makers in all sectrs and at all levels f Gvernment Capacity develpment: Jint skills assessment: many f the capacities and skills required are cmmn t mitigatin and adaptatin with regards t the planning and technical skills (e.g. climate infrmatin and climate science, ecnmic appraisal tls), managerial skills (e.g. results-based management, plicy develpment) and participatry skills (e.g. cmmunicatins, stakehlders cnsultatins), althugh sme skills are mre specific. Cmprehensive lng-term capacity develpment interventins and a training f trainers apprach: many f the stakehlders are cmmn t mitigatin and adaptatin. The emphasis shuld be put n building the capacities f lcal training and academic institutins t fster this lng-term apprach and t integrate climate change related tpics int primary, secndary and higher educatin curricula. Priritizatin f interventins: Identificatin f activities with multi-sectr c-benefits fr develpment and climate resilience Appraisal f ecnmic/nn-ecnmic benefits and tradeffs between interventins using tls such as cst-benefit analysis 7, multi-criteria analysis, cst-effectiveness analysis. Integrated financing framewrks. Clse invlvement between Ministries f Finance and Ministries f Planning r Ecnmy lead. This will result in strnger utcmes and a mre credible prcess that builds cnfidence and trust amng private investrs and external climate funders. Use f financing scenaris and diagnstics (such as Climate Public Expenditures and Institutinal Reviews, climate change cding and tracking reprts) 7 Cst Benefit Analysis will be discussed in mre detail in Week 4. 8

16 Engagement f private sectr, and public-private partnership ptins and blended financing, with an enhancement f the regulatry and fiscal framewrks t prmte a better investment climate Mnitring, evaluatin and reprting: Develping cmplimentary indicatrs Strengthening the M&E systems in place and integrating them int an verall develpment M&E system Crdinating reprts t the UNFCCC These entry pints wuld guide the planning prcesses fr the cuntries verall strategy t meet their cmmitments in the framewrk f the Paris Agreement. Resurces fr further learning FAO Reginal analysis f the natinally determined cntributins f Eastern Africa GIZ, April Linking Natinal Adaptatin Plan Prcesses and Natinally Determined Cntributins. Available at NAP Glbal Netwrk, IISD, April Using NDCs, NAPs and the SDGs t Advance Climate-Resilient Develpment. Available at: UNDP, Implementatin Guidance n NDCs (frthcming). UNDP-FAO, Briefing Nte n NAP and NDCs in the agricultural sectrs (wrking title, frthcming). 9

17 Part II NAP-Ag Prgramme Intrductin Experts: Julia Wlf, Rhini Khli Key Messages 1) The NAP-Ag Prgramme supprts partners under a cuntry-driven prcess t identify and integrate climate change adaptatin measures fr the agriculture sectrs int relevant natinal planning and budgeting prcesses. 2) NAP-Ag als supprts cuntries in accessing climate finance thrugh multilateral and bilateral financing surces. 3) Each partner cuntry s climate change adaptatin cncerns are different and s the supprt is tailred t help each cuntry address their specific climate change adaptatin cncerns related t the agriculture sectrs. Launched in 2015, the Integrating Agriculture in Natinal Adaptatin Plan (NAP-Ag) Prgramme is wrking t address climate change impacts in the agriculture sectrs within the frmulatin and the implementatin f natinal adaptatin plans. NAP-Ag is a multidisciplinary prgram, funded by Germany s Federal Ministry fr the Envirnment, Nature Cnservatin, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB) thrugh the Internatinal Climate Initiative (IKI), and implemented jintly by the Fd and Agriculture Organizatin f the United Natins (FAO) and the United Natins Develpment Prgramme (UNDP). The NAP-Ag Prgramme supprts partners under a cuntry-driven prcess t identify and integrate climate change adaptatin measures fr the agriculture sectrs int relevant natinal planning and budgeting prcesses, including Natinal Adaptatin Plans (NAP), in several cuntries thrughut Africa, Asia and Latin America. Specifically, FAO and UNDP are wrking with representatives in Ministries f Agriculture, Envirnment, Finance and Planning, in additin t UNFCCC fcal pints in Clmbia, Gambia, Guatemala, Nepal, Kenya, the Philippines, Thailand, Uganda, Uruguay, Viet Nam and Zambia. Each partner cuntry s climate change adaptatin cncerns are different and s the supprt is tailred t help each cuntry address their specific climate change adaptatin cncerns related t the agriculture sectrs. Fr example, in Kenya, it was identified that there is a need t develp gender guidelines, mnitring and verificatin framewrks and t strengthen capacity f actrs n gender and climate change as part f its medium- t lng-term adaptatin respnse t climate change. Anther example is Uruguay, where adaptatin measures are fcused n cattle prductin, including water surces, feed and rangeland management measures, t be included in natinal develpment planning prcesses. 10

18 Figure 1: Partner cuntries f the NAP-Ag Prgramme Anther imprtant functin f the NAP-Ag is that it supprts cuntries in accessing climate finance thrugh multilateral and bilateral financing surces. NAP-Ag key activities include: Strengthening technical capacity and institutins at the natinal level by: Carrying ut vulnerability and impact evaluatins; Mainstreaming gender and gender analysis in plicymaking; Cnducting cst-benefit analysis f adaptatin; and Identifying budgeting needs. Develping an integrated radmap by laying the grundwrk stcktaking f existing adaptatin plicies; addressing gender equality and wmen s empwerment in market develpment; enhancing cherence between NAPs and ther natinal prcesses; and supprting cuntries in leveraging climate finance fr adaptatin. Imprving evidence-based results by: develping an impact assessment framewrk; cnducting cst benefit analyses; and cllecting sex-disaggregated data and analyzing gender-differentiated adaptatin needs. Building the knwledge base by: enhancing mutual learning between cuntries n the NAP prcess; develping case studies n lessns learned and best practices; and prmting and facilitating peer-t-peer exchanges. 11

19 Key Definitins Impact Assessment - The practice f identifying and evaluating, in mnetary and/r nn-mnetary terms, the effects f climate change n natural and human systems. Gender Mainstreaming - is a strategy that cnsiders the cncerns and experiences f wmen and men as an integral dimensin f the design, implementatin, mnitring and evaluatin f all plicies and prgrams. Resurces fr further learning FAO. NAP-Ag Prgramme. Available at FAO. NAP-Ag brchure - Integrating agriculture in Natinal Adaptatin Plans: Safeguarding livelihds and prmting resilience thrugh NAPs. Available at FAO, Integrating Agriculture in Natinal Adaptatin Plans. Available at dk5nigex4aqx40rku7yctvw&index=8 FAO-UNDP Safeguarding livelihds and prmting resilience thrugh Natinal Adaptatin Plans Case study: Kenya. Available at FAO-UNDP Safeguarding livelihds and prmting resilience thrugh Natinal Adaptatin Plans Case study: Uruguay. Available at Teng J. and Wlf, J. Building climate resilient fd systems. Available at 12

20 2.2.2 Supplementary Guidelines: Addressing Agriculture, Frestry and Fisheries in Natinal Adaptatin Plans Expert: Kaisa Karttunen, Julia Wlf, Claudia Garcia and Alexandre Meybeck Key Messages 1) Agriculture sectrs are amng the mst expsed and sensitive sectrs t the impacts f changing climate. 2) Agricultural adaptatin is tightly linked t many ther crss-cutting r multi-sectral adaptatin issues. 3) Agriculture sectrs are extremely diverse and differ in hw they will be impacted by climate change and hw they will need t adapt. 4) The NAP-Ag guidelines target natinal planners and decisin-makers wrking n climate change issues in develping cuntries, as well as thse wrking in the agriculture sectrs. 5) As a NAP is a natinal plan and its preparatin an verall natinal prcess, all relevant sectrs need t be invlved and the unique cntext in each cuntry needs t be cnsidered. The Addressing agriculture, frestry and fisheries in Natinal Adaptatin Plans Supplementary guidelines (referred t as the NAP-Ag Guidelines) respnds t a call by the Least Develped Grup (LEG) f the UNFCCC, inviting internatinal actrs t draft sectrial guidelines t the UNFCCC NAP Technical Guidelines. The NAP-Ag Guidelines aim t supprt develping cuntries in: 1) reducing vulnerability f the agriculture sectrs t the impacts f climate change by building adaptive capacities and resilience; 2) addressing agriculture in the frmulatin and implementatin f NAPs; and 3) enhancing the integratin f adaptatin in agricultural develpment plicies, prgrams and plans. These guidelines were develped ver the past tw years in a cnsultative prcess invlving 15 cuntries and 20 internatinal agencies, including the Rme Based Agencies and the CGIAR System, as well as the UNFCCC and the LEG. The NAP Ag Guidelines are infrmed by the jint UNDP and FAO prgram, Integrating Agriculture int Natinal Adaptatin Plans, which aims t address climate change adaptatin cncerns related t the agricultural sectrs in 11 partner cuntries natinal planning and budgeting prcesses. Ntwithstanding the unique individuality f each cuntry, imprtant lessns can be drawn frm existing experience. Such insights have enriched the NAP Ag Guidelines with experiences frm the grund. T facilitate integratin with adaptatin planning acrss different ecnmic sectrs, the NAP Ag Guidelines fllw the same fur elements that structure the UNFCCC NAP Technical Guidelines: laying the grundwrk and addressing gaps; preparatry elements; implementatin strategies; and reprting, mnitring and review. Within each element, varius pssible steps related t the agricultural sectrs are utlined. As every cuntry pursues its individual, 13

21 natinally driven prcess t address climate change, the planning elements and steps described ffer guidance, and are nt prescriptive. Resurces fr further learning FAO, Addressing agriculture, frestry, and fisheries in Natinal Adaptatin Plans Supplementary guidelines. Available at FAO. NAP-Ag Knwledge Tank fr agriculture sectrs adaptatin t climate change. Available at LEG Technical Guidelines n NAP. Available at ng_high res.pdf 14

22 2.2.2a Genetic Resurces in NAPs Expert: FAO Key Messages 1) Crps, livestck, trees and aquatic rganisms that can survive and prduce in future climates will be crucial in future prductin systems. 2) It is essential t secure and mbilize genetic resurces as part f natinal and glbal climate change adaptatin planning. 3) The FAO s Vluntary Guidelines t Supprt the Integratin f Genetic Diversity int Natinal Climate Change Adaptatin Planning aim t assist cuntries in managing genetic resurces as a pivtal reservir and tl at their dispsal t adapt agriculture and build resilience int agricultural and fd prductin systems. Genetic resurces fr fd and agriculture play a crucial rle in fd security, nutritin and livelihds and in the prvisin f envirnmental services. 8 They are key cmpnents f sustainability, resilience and adaptability in prductin systems. They underpin the ability f crps, livestck, aquatic rganisms and trees t withstand a range f different climatic. 9 Crps, livestck, trees and aquatic rganisms that can survive and prduce in future climates will be crucial in future prductin systems. 10 Fr example, livestck breeds raised in harsh prductin envirnments ver a lng perid tend t acquire characteristics that enable them t cpe with these cnditin. 11 It is therefre essential t secure and mbilize genetic resurces as part f natinal and glbal climate change adaptatin planning. In parts f the wrld, new cmbinatins f temperature, misture availability and day length are creating prductin envirnments nt experienced previusly fr which adapted materials may nt exist. The Cmmunity based management f genetic resurces in Hnduras case study demnstrates hw replenishment f the diversity in agricultural systems encuraged the cmmunity management f genetic resurces in Hnduras. 12 See mre n Hnduras in Resurces fr this week. Cping with climate change will require revising the gals f breeding prgrams 13 and in sme places the intrductin f new varieties and breeds, even species. Imprvements t in-situ and ex-situ cnservatin prgrams fr dmesticated species, their wild relatives and ther wild genetic resurces imprtant fr fd and agriculture, alng with plicies that prmte their sustainable use, are therefre urgently required. The FAO s Vluntary Guidelines t Supprt the Integratin f Genetic Diversity int Natinal Climate Change Adaptatin Planning 14 aims t: 8 FAO, Ibid. 10 FAO, 2015a, Galluzzi et al FAO, Ibid. 13 HLPE, FAO, 2015b 15

23 prmte the use f genetic resurces fr fd and agriculture in climate change adaptatin and supprt their integratin int natinal climate change adaptatin planning; supprt genetic resurces experts and thse invlved in climate change adaptatin t identify and address the challenges and pprtunities f genetic resurces fr fd and agriculture in adaptatin; and prmte the invlvement f genetic resurces stakehlders in the natinal climate change adaptatin planning prcess. The Guidelines include a list f adaptatin measures in the different sectrs f crp, livestck, frestry, fisheries and aquaculture in the fllwing areas: i) Cnservatin ii) Prductin system adaptability and resilience iii) Specific adaptatin f crps, dmestic animals, frest tree and aquatic species iv) Availability and access Key Definitins Genetic resurces - Genetic resurces fr fd and agriculture encmpass the variety and variability f animals, plants and micr-rganisms that sustain the ecsystem structures, functins and prcesses in and arund prductin systems, and that prvide fd and nn-fd agriculture prducts. Resurces fr further learning FAO, Submissin by the Fd and Agriculture Organizatin f the United Natins (FAO) t the United Natins Framewrk Cnventin n Climate Change (UNFCCC) n Issues relating t agriculture: adaptatin measures. UNFCCC. 29 pp. Available at FAO, 2015a. Cping with climate change the rles f genetic resurces fr fd and agriculture. FAO, 2015b. Vluntary Guidelines t Supprt the Integratin f Genetic Diversity int Natinal Climate Change Adaptatin Planning. Rme. Available at 16

24 2.2.3 Cuntry vices fr NAP-Ag in Uruguay and Zambia Experts: Cecilia Jnes, Arthur Asumani Key Messages 1) The NAP-Ag is an pprtunity fr cuntries t address their cncerns abut climate change impact n agriculture sectrs in their natinal develpment prcesses. 2) Uruguay has rganized a series f cnsultatins called Adaptatin Dialgues which aim t invlve stakehlders frm different agriculture prductin systems, especially farmers, t identify gaps in the adaptatin capacity f these prductin systems and t find strategies t address these gaps. 3) Zambia is fcusing n capacity building f individuals and institutins, and enhanced recrding and prductin f evidence based results as part f integrating agriculture int natinal develpment planning and budgeting prcesses fr its NAP-Ag. 4) Farmers have a prfund knwledge f hw climate affects them, hwever taking steps t vercme the challenges derived frm climate change requires additinal supprt, infrmatin, infrastructure, technical aspects, etc. Uruguay Fr an Agriculture NAP t be effective at addressing the challenges f climate variability and climate change in agriculture, it must be inclusive f all the relevant actrs f all agricultural sectrs. Uruguay has decided t build a shared visin fr its Agriculture NAP thrugh a series f cnsultatins, called Adaptatin Dialgues, held between different stakehlders in climate change and agriculture. These cnsultatins began by identifying prductin systems such as: dairy system, agriculture, irrigated rice, livestck and animal husbandry, hrticulture and fruticulture, fisheries, frestry and a transversal system that includes family farmers f all prductin systems. Farmers, rural rganizatins, academia and public fficers f each prductin systems have been invited t participate in the dialgues. The exchanges aim t identify adaptatin ptins that are being implemented t reduce vulnerability, and increase adaptatin capacity and resilience. Gaps will be discussed and the dialgue will als fcus n finding effective ways t address thse gaps. One f the challenges f adaptatin is that it is challenging t measure it. This is because adaptatin has many dimensins that are difficult t summarize, which create prblems in reprting and evaluating the prgress f adaptatin gals. The Adaptatin Dialgues will attempt t reslve these issues fr adaptatin planning in Uruguay by determining meaningful adaptatin indicatrs fr the different mnitring and evaluatin systems. Zambia The integratin f agriculture sectrs in natinal adaptatin plans, r the NAP-Ag Prgramme, aims at facilitated incrpratin f climate change adaptatin, building n the lessns learnt frm the NAPA, 17

25 int relevant new and existing plicies, prgrams and the develpment planning prcesses and strategies, within the agriculture sectrs at varius levels. The NAP Ag Zambia prject has priritized several adaptatin ptins in line with the fur elements in the develpment f NAP in Agriculture sectrs: Enhance capacities f individuals and institutins that are invlved in climate change mitigatin and adaptatin planning implementatin thrugh prvisin f training that will enhance technical capacities and institutins. This includes training in capacity building assistance (CBA), gender mainstreaming and impact evaluatin. It is anticipated that nce the capacities are built, climate change mitigatin and adaptatin measures will be incrprated int the planning and budgeting prcesses in the agriculture sectrs leading t increased sectr resilience, imprved prductivity, enhanced fd security and ultimately an imprved rural and natinal ecnmy, able t deal with and recver frm the effects f climate change. Develp a framewrk via frmulatin f a rad map fr integrating climate related actins int planning by addressing knwledge gaps, institutinal strengths/ weaknesses by engaging in widespread cnsultatins at varius levels. Dcument evidence based adaptatin measures by recrding case studies. Tw studies are under way fllwing the CBA training. It is envisaged that the dcumented adaptatin evidence that is currently lacking in Zambia can be develped s that mitigatin and adaptatin technlgies/methdlgies such as climate smart agriculture can be enhanced. Encurage advcacy and knwledge sharing n NAPs in agriculture thrugh increased utreach t different target audiences including the prfessinal institutins and the private sectr. This will als prmte and encurage sharing and uptake f climate adaptatin technlgies and strategies at varius levels. Resurces fr further learning: Ministry f Natinal Develpment Planning, Republic f Zambia, Natinal Plicy fr Climate Change, Zambia. Available at UNDP. Spearheading adaptatin dialgue in Uruguay: The dairy system. Available at 18

26 References FAO, Submissin by the Fd and Agriculture Organizatin f the United Natins (FAO) t the United Natins Framewrk Cnventin n Climate Change (UNFCCC) n Issues relating t agriculture: adaptatin measures. UNFCCC. 29 pp. Available at FAO, 2015a. Cping with climate change the rles f genetic resurces fr fd and agriculture. FAO, 2015b Vluntary Guidelines t Supprt the Integratin f Genetic Diversity int Natinal Climate Change Adaptatin Planning. Rme. Available at FAO, Climate Change and Fd Security: Risks and Respnses. FAO, Rme. Available at Galluzzi, G., Duijvendijk, C. van, Cllette, L., Azzu, N. & Hdgkin, T., eds., Bidiversity fr fd and agriculture: cntributing t fd security and sustainability in a changing wrld. Outcmes f an Expert Wrkshp held by FAO and the Platfrm n Agrbidiversity Research frm April 2010, Rme, Italy. FAO/PAR. Available at Gvernment f Bhutan, August Natinal Adaptatin Plan (NAPs). Available at HLPE, Fd security and climate change. A reprt by the High-Level Panel f Experts n Fd Security and Nutritin f the Cmmittee n Wrld Fd Security, Rme. LDC Expert Grup, December Natinal Adaptatin Plans: Technical guidelines fr the natinal adaptatin plan prcess. Available at ng_high res.pdf Reddy, S. K., and Gndwe, K. J., 2016 Malawi NAP Stcktaking Reprt. Available at UNDP-GSP Cuntry Initiatives. Available at 19

27 MOOC vides Week 2 Part 1 - Intrductin t the LEG Technical Guidelines. Watch here: 1e-h Week 2 Part 2 - Supplementary Guidelines n Address Agriculture. Watch here: ec1e-h Integrating Agriculture in Natinal Adaptatin Plans. Watch here: The Philippines Case study: Episde 1. Watch here: Episde 2. Watch here: Climate Actin Addressing agriculture in NAPs (Julia Wlf), Watch here 20

28 I8599EN/1/02.18