Guns, Germs, and Steel

Transcription

1 Guns, Germs, and Steel

2 Guns, Germs, and Steel Chapter 4 Farmer Power

3 Guns, Germs, and Steel Farmer Power = the role of food production in civilization

4 Guns, Germs, and Steel Diamond worked on a farm in Montana

5 Guns, Germs, and Steel Diamond worked on a farm in Montana He met a Blackfoot Indian named Levi

6 Guns, Germs, and Steel How did Europeans conquer the New World and steal it from Native Americans like Levi s ancestors?

7 Guns, Germs, and Steel from Levi s Native American point of view =

8 Guns, Germs, and Steel from Levi s Native American point of view = European colonization wiped out entire Native American societies and devastated others

9 Guns, Germs, and Steel The establishment of agriculture =

10 Guns, Germs, and Steel The establishment of agriculture = The first important step that separates some societies from others

11 Guns, Germs, and Steel Many of a society s military advantages arise because it is descended from an agricultural society

12 Guns, Germs, and Steel Agriculture is a prerequisite for the development of guns, germs, and steel

13 Agriculture

14 Agriculture - first discovered about 11,000 years ago

15 Agriculture - Agriculture - highly efficient form of food production

16 Agriculture - Agriculture - highly efficient form of food production (much more efficient than hunting-gathering)

17 Agriculture By domesticating animals and keeping them in a small area, humans don t have to expend energy chasing after their food

18 Agriculture leads to social specialization

19 Hunter-gatherers

20 Hunter-gatherers hunter-gatherer society = everyone s job is to get food

21 Hunter-gatherers hunter-gatherer society = everyone s job is to get food In a Hunter-gatherer society almost never extra food (if so it only lasts a few days)

22 Agricultural society

23 Agricultural society - food is stored for long periods =

24 Agricultural society - food is stored for long periods = A) people have free time to experiment with resources and develop specializations in jobs other than food production =

25 Agricultural society - food is stored for long periods = A) people have free time to experiment with resources and develop specializations in jobs other than food production = new jobs and skills are created

26 Agricultural society B) a political elite gains control over the food, and decides how much food different people get =

27 Agricultural society B) a political elite gains control over the food, and decides how much food different people get = centralization of power/government is developed

28 Guns, Germs, and Steel Chapter 5 History s Haves and Have-nots

29 Why didn t humans learn to produce food in places that, today, produce a lot of food? - Indigenous people in California, Argentina, and Australia never developed agriculture even though the land is now put to good agricultural use

30 Why didn t humans learn to produce food in places that, today, produce a lot of food? - Indigenous people in California, Argentina, and Australia never developed agriculture even though the land is now put to good agricultural use

31 Why didn t humans learn to produce food in places that, today, produce a lot of food? - Indigenous people in California, Argentina, and Australia never developed agriculture even though the land is now put to good agricultural use

32 Why didn t humans learn to produce food in places that, today, produce a lot of food? - Indigenous people in California, Argentina, and Australia never developed agriculture even though the land is now put to good agricultural use

33 Why didn t humans learn to produce food in places that, today, produce a lot of food? - Indigenous people in California, Argentina, and Australia never developed agriculture even though the land is now put to good agricultural use

34 Agriculture and the domestication of animals arose thousands of years ago:

35 Agriculture and the domestication of animals arose thousands of years ago: Mesopotamia (The Fertile Crescent)

36 Agriculture and the domestication of animals arose thousands of years ago: Mesopotamia (The Fertile Crescent)

37 Agriculture and the domestication of animals arose thousands of years ago: China

38 Agriculture and the domestication of animals arose thousands of years ago: China

39 Agriculture and the domestication of animals arose thousands of years ago: Mesoamerica (Modern-day Mexico)

40 Agriculture and the domestication of animals arose thousands of years ago: Mesoamerica (Modern-day Mexico)

41 Agriculture and the domestication of animals arose thousands of years ago: the Andes (Modern-day Peru)

42 Agriculture and the domestication of animals arose thousands of years ago: the Andes (Modern-day Peru)

43 Agriculture and the domestication of animals arose thousands of years ago: the Eastern United States

44 Agriculture and the domestication of animals arose thousands of years ago: the Eastern United States

45 About 8500 B.C.

46 About 8500 B.C. Mesopotamia (The Fertile Crescent)

47 About 8500 B.C. Mesopotamia (The Fertile Crescent) - both agriculture and animal domestication

48 6000 to 3500 B.C.

49 6000 to 3500 B.C. Indus River Valley (present-day Pakistan and India)

50 Indus River Valley (present-day Pakistan and India)

51 Indus River Valley (present-day Pakistan and India) This area probably adopted agriculture after a single agricultural product entered the region through trade

52

53 California

54 California

55 California & Australia

56 California & Australia Agriculture began with the arrival (or invasion) of European explorers

57 - Majority of societies with agriculture did not discover it independently

58 - Majority of societies with agriculture did not discover it independently

59 - Majority of societies with agriculture did not discover it independently

60 - Majority of societies with agriculture did not discover it independently - They acquired it from interacting with neighboring societies

61 - When colonists and explorers explored new regions, they brought agriculture with them

62 - When colonists and explorers explored new regions, they brought agriculture with them - They knew that agriculture was important in establishing an organized society

63 Only a few areas of the world really developed agriculture independently

64 Only a few areas of the world really developed agriculture independently

65 - The other areas adopted it after communicating and trading with neighboring regions

66 - The regions that developed agriculture earliest had a head start toward guns, germs, and steel

67 What does a head start mean?

68 What does a head start mean? The societies that developed agriculture earliest (rather than acquiring it through trade) experimented with crop techniques before other societies did

69 What does a head start mean? They made important advances in technology first