A Value Chain Approach to Family Poultry Development as a Tool for Sustainable Poverty Reduction

Transcription

1 A Value Chain Approach to Family Poultry Development as a Tool for Sustainable Poverty Reduction E. B. Sonaiya Department of Animal Sciences Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria 05/10/2016 1

2 What is in a Name? Local = Indigenous? Chicken = Poultry? Local poultry? Rural Poultry? Village Poultry? Family Poultry? Smallholder Poultry? 05/10/2016 2

3 Assumptions of a Family Poultry Model 1. Family flocks are small enough to find all their feed needs on the range; 2. Supplements are used to maintain the 'homing' instinct; 3. Family flocks serve multi-purposes but sale is acceptable; 4. Genetic diversity is unlimited (Na, Fr, Dw, B/W feathers); 5. All flocks are owner-managed and all production systems can be adopted. 6. All operators and units adopt free market principles. 3

4 FAMILY POULTRY PRODUCTION IN INDONESIA Hardi Prasetyo 05/10/2016 4

5 Family Poultry for Food security Family Poultry 1. Local chicken 2. Local layer ducks 3. Muscovy ducks 4. Quails Meat and Egg 05/10/2016 5

6 Main Problems in FP Development: 1. Meat and egg production increases but farm family protein consumption remains the same (i.e. lack of nutrition awareness, and low purchasing power) 2. Low production efficiency of the system 3. Low technology input by the farmers 05/10/2016 6

7 Source of technology: research centers universities Family Poultry Technology Sourcing and Support Poultry Industry Family Poultry Farming Government : Central Regional/local ØPoultry association ØNGO s National Poultry Development Program Ø policy Ø supervision Source of fundings: micro finance CSR, CD NGO 05/10/2016 7

8 Family Poultry Production Development in Thailand Monchai Duangjinda Ph.D. Associate Professor, Department of Animal Science Director, Research and Development Network Center for Animal Breeding (Native Chicken) Khon Kaen University, Thailand, Presented to INFPD - 25 March 2010, Dhaka 05/10/2016 8

9 Poultry Production System in Thailand Before Avian Influenza (AI) Commercial open system Indigenous Backyard family production Importing know-how genetics, High Input-output production Fast development in feeding, housing, & management technology Utilizing indigenous genetic resource, Low input- low output production food security - egg, meat Social way of life No development in management and breeding program 05/10/2016 9

10 Poultry Production System After AI Outbreak Full Commercial closed system GAP, EVAP Comercial open system Indigenous Backyard, family production 05/10/

11 What happened to family production? Major development More knowledge transfer to small holders 05/10/

12 Greater Demand for Indigenous birds in Thailand Familty production Local market production Future Trend for commercial 05/10/

13 Family Poultry Science: theoretical and empirical concepts E. B. Sonaiya Department of Animal Sciences Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife NIGERIA Presented to European Poultry Conference, /10/

14 Characteristics of Family Poultry Small flocks Found in small farms and villages Live by scavenging Income asset for families Source of food for the families Mostly cared for by women 05/10/

15 VARIABLES USED IN BREED EVALUATION Growth rate of local egg hatchings and Dahlem Red chickens Growth rate & Feed efficiency Adaptability to uncontrolled environment Disease resistance Fibre tolerance Body characteristics - Feather colour, Body size and Shank length body weight, g age, w eeks Dahlem Red LEH Shank Length of Nigerian Local Chickens 14 05/10/ Shank Length (cm) LEH DR1 Kaduna Ilorin Makurdi Jos Sagamu Nsukka Weeks 20

16 SCAVENGING Survival factors in scavenging Ability to scavenge for nutrients Greater feed-fibre handling capability Nutrient balancing ability Theoretical concept developed Scavengable Feed Resource Base (SFRB) -Roberts and Gunaratne (1992) -Gunaratne et al (1993) 05/10/

17 Disease control Heat resistant vaccine Ethno-veterinary medicines Housing Flexibility Intermittence Selectivity Market Specificity Specialty/Niche market 05/10/

18 SOCIO-ECONOMICS Determination of family poultry status prior to intervention Baseline Survey Questionnaires Focus group discussion (FGD) Participant observations Recurring problem Analysis of questionnaire data Better approach Combination of Questionnaire & participatory methods 05/10/

19 Ownership of FP in Africa Family Poultry Owners in each country Nigeria Kenya Malawi Africa 05/10/

20 Family Poultry development projects in some African countries (after Fakhrul Islam and Jabbar, 2003) Project Objectives Activities Cameroon/LSDP To increase meat and milk production and raise the incomes of poor livestock Malawi/MSPPM Republic of Benin herders. Support of small-scale poultry enterprises to the poorest segment, especially women To improve livelihoods through improvement of traditional village poultry i. Formation of poultry and dairy producer groups (esp. women). ii. Credit for semi-intensive poultry production. iii. Vaccination campaigns against ND. iv. Privatization of animal health care. v. Provision of training in health and husbandry practices; and credit Training of village vaccinators, support to construct hen houses, training of poultry producers, access to a micro-credit scheme LSDP- Livestock Sector Development Project, MSPPM- Malawi Smallholder Poultry Production Model 20

21 4 Critical Project Elements Credit; rates, repayment Market development Mortality rates, vaccination Feed; availability, costs. Training The IFAD review concluded that there is a need for development projects to continue introducing new technologies by which an increased level of profit can be achieved from smallholder semiintensive poultry-rearing. 21

22 Scavenging poultry Development in Benin CHRYSOSTÔME Christophe, RIISE Jens Christian & Frederic HOUNDONOUGBO 05/10/

23 The Poultry Development strategy involved: Suitable micro-credit system; Technical services (training and coordination); Benin Smallholder Poultry Development Model Provision of veterinary services and inputs Poultry Rearer 8 Local Hens 1-2 Local males Village (40 Poultry Rearers) Poultry Worker (2 per Village) Vaccination Support Institutions Private sector Input Suppliers Feed, Point of lay pullets Vaccines, Medicines Solidarity groups 5 Poultry Rearers per group and 8 groups per Village Group Activities Meetings Savings / repayment Training Poultry Seller Marketing support Group support Group formation Training By NGO Credit System by NGO Scientific advice: Univ A-C and Danish Network 05/10/

24 Micro Credit Concept and Components Depending on the activities (poultry rearer (PR), village vaccinator (VV), poultry seller - PS) each member was provided with a small loan of 30,000 FCFA (50 USD) for PR and 25,000 FCFA for VV and PS. The repayment period was 1 year for PR and 6 months for VV and PS. The interest rate was 12% per semester while the rate of saving was 18% per semester. The penalty for defaulting was 2% per month on the capital remaining due. 05/10/

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26 Lessons Learnt from Benin Monitor and develop markets for live birds Apply research on the use of locally available feed resources for poultry and develop simple guidelines Support local craftsmen to make available equipments (e.g. baskets, drinkers, feeders) Set up an adequate ND control program Promote the consumption of eggs 05/10/

27 Village poultry Development in Sénégal - Pilot Phase COLUFIFA POGV2 Danish Network Vélos pour le Sénégal DANIDA IFAD 05/10/

28 Overall objective A village poultry production model that will: improve the livelihoods of the target families and empower the women involved. Specific objectives to increase income from poultry in the target group to increase involvement of women in decision making in the villages to build capacity in the implementing organisation, COLUIFA Target group 240 households in 8 villages, mainly poor women. 05/10/

29 Project Funds Allocations (Or How Not to Spend Project Money!) Total funds available: approx. 150,000 USD. Salaries for NGO personnel (4) and local agents (8) (31%) Deposits and revolving fund for farmers opening accounts (11%) Training of trainers and farmers (18%) Materials for equipment (1%) NGO Capacity building (16%) Baselines, Monitoring and Evaluation (23%) 05/10/

30 Preparations Preparations started with 1. Village sensitisation 2. Meetings with possible partners: Financial institutions Private vets Vétérinaires Sans Frontières ISRA Ecole d agriculture (CNFTAGR) Local politicians 05/10/

31 Selection of beneficiaries: Poor women Sensitisation workshops for the président(e)s and village agents Participatory selection of poverty criteria in each community The village chose 30 female bénéficiaries, 1 village agent and 1 VVV, PARTICIPATION IS OWNERSHIP! 05/10/

32 Capacity building in the villages Sensibilisation Group organisation Technical Training, Farmer Field Schools Training in savings and credit Weekly or bi-weekly follow-up 05/10/

33 Lessons Learned in Sénégal Village poultry production is increased, (when) Newcastle Diease is under control. Marketing of products should be better organised. The solidarity groups of five women each empowered and organised women in the villages The annual interest rate of 24% on credits should be reduced The veterinary services should be better organised 05/10/

34 A Value Chain Approach for Sustainable ND Vaccination Poses the Question: What Appropriate ND Management will Facilitate Trade and Livelihoods For Smallholder Poultry Producers? GALVmed ND project template (next slide) focuses on the ND vaccine and describes a value chain for the vaccine. Perhaps the focus should be on the poultry that will receive the vaccine and on the family poultry value chain. There are opportunities to introduce the ND vaccine into family poultry as they enter and move along their value chain. 05/10/

35 ND Value Chain Actors Manufacturers / Importers Wholesaler/distributors Needs - Raw materials: SPF eggs - Availability of vaccine - Import policies - Availability of vaccine - Cold chain maintenance - Market development Private clinics and NGO s or Government offices in rural districts/territ ories (in cities) Retailer in town areas Re sellers at market in rural areas. Farmers (Self help groups) - Availability of vaccine - Cold chain maintained - Training in marketing -Availability of vaccine - Cold chain maintained - Training in marketing - Awareness: radio, etc, - Good Husbandry - Training in marketing Community 05/10/

36 ND control Pilot Projects PLSIHL1 ND control review Workshop 12 March 2015 Ranchi Dr Mamta Dhawan Dr Roggers Mosha

37 ND Vaccine Supply Chain Need to stimulate supply Manufacturer Distributor Examples: - Show untapped Market - Demonstrate economic benefits - Capacity Building - Strengthening cold chain Govt Manufacturer Retailer in rural areas Conventional Network Animal Husbandry Dept Livestock Inspector NGOs Cooperatives Paravets CAHWs Last Mile Farmers Need to stimulate demand Examples: - Awareness - Vaccination campaigns - Economics of BYP

38 Modus Operandi Wo/men poultry farmers sensitized CAHWs trained for vaccination of BYP Good practices introduced Slide 38

39 Results of ND Control Projects No ND outbreak in project area, leading to Increase in Income Nepal (HH s) India, Mayurbhanj India, Keonjhar Burkina Faso Tanzania HHS 2,300 9,000 7,587 8,861 13,138 Additional Income in $ % increase 140% 118% 37% 23% 59% Slide 39

40 Benefits of a FP value chain approach to ND vaccination To The Community - ND is a "community disease To The Household ND B/C ratio = To The Commercial Poultry Sectors FP ND. To The Backyard and Scavenging Sector Small scale commercial To The GO and NGO Sectors links FP to the market system (i.e. Incomes; poverty) 05/10/

41 AgriBusiness Value Chain Inputs Production Value Addition Trade Markets 41

42 Job and Income Opportunities in the FP Value Chain Breeding Farm Job opportunities Hatchery Egg/meat production Processing Feed Production Retail Trading Wholesale Trading 05/10/

43 African Chicken Genetic Gains A platform for testing, delivering, and continuously improving tropically-adapted chickens for productivity growth in sub-saharan Africa Oladeji Bamidele (PhD) National Project Coordinator Nigeria Team

44 ACGG Nigeria Our Vision To transform Smallholder chicken production into commercially viable enterprise with active private sector engagement that empowers rural women, increases income and nutrition of their family through delivery of more productive locally adaptable chicken, production inputs and services to ruralcommunities

45 Objective 1) Determine which genetically improved chicken breedishighlyproductivelac 2)Develop working PPP for supply of birds, inputsand services to therural SHC farmers 3)Measure changes in production, productivity income and HH consumption of poultry products 4)Support the empowerment process (control over resources) of women in the SHC value chain

46 Site Selection 6 Agroecological zones 5 Project (Sub- National) Zones Humid Forest Derived Savanna Guinea Savanna Sudan Savanna Sahel Savanna 1,2,3 1,2,3,4 4,5 5 Midaltitude 4 -

47 Genetic Material Foreign Fayoumi or Sasso Kuroiler Nigerian ShikaBrown FUNAAB alpha Fulani

48 Partners

49 Management System 1. Traditional scavenging and backyard: Flock Size = birds 2. Semi-intensive system: Flock Size = birds 3. Small-scale intensive system: Flock Size = birds 05/10/

50 GO and NGO Programmes for Farm Households Related to FP. I 1. Human Health Aspects : Nutrition campaign Community education 2. Income Generation: Family Poultry production Small-Scale Intensive poultry production 05/10/

51 GO and NGO Programmes for Farm Households Related to FP. II 3. Improving production efficiency : Better quality breeding stock Development of minimum economic scale through farmers groups 4. Improving human resources : Improving skills in poultry production Development of market infrastructures oriented towards poultry production and processing 05/10/

52 GO and NGO Programmes for Farm Households Related to FP. III 5. Development of Family Poultry Farming : Through farmers groups Socially and culturally oriented business Within family workforce Good Farming Practice Self-sufficient in animal protein within family Supervision and training For incomes and poverty reduction 05/10/

53 Final Word It is within the context of increasing value addition by actors along the Family Poultry value chain (i.e. its conversion into a micro business ) that sustainable poverty reduction (projects and programmes) can operate and be scaled up THANK YOU 05/10/