ISRI and in Colaboration with RDA Korea; Jircass Japan

Transcription

1 ORGANIC FARMING RESEARCH : ISRI and in Colaboration with RDA Korea; Jircass Japan INDONESIAN SOIL RESEARCH INSTITUTE 2012

2 INTRODUCTION Vegetable production in Indonesia: overuse ofagrochemicalinput input continuous mono cropping levelling off elling production poor product quality, land degradation resistance of certain pest and diseases high cost farming develop alternative technologies, such asleisa and Organic develop alternative technologies, such as LEISA and Organic farming, by reduced chemical fertilizer and applying various organic fertilizers under proper crop management.

3 Organic Production Organic systems avoid the use of synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, and growth regulators. Instead they rely on crop rotations, crop residues, animal manures, legumes, green manures, off-farm wastes, mechanical cultivation, mineral-bearing rocks, and biological i l pest control to maintain i soil health, supply plant nutrients, and minimize insects, weeds, and other pests. Crop establishment, soil fertility, crop nutrition and weed management were identified as key areas of management that differentiate organic and conventional systems.

4 RESEARCH TOPICS Maintaining and increasing long term soil fertility and biological i l activity it inorganic i vegetables tbl soil by: (a) rotation with legumes or cover crops, (b) returning manure produced on the farm (chicken, goat, cow) (c) managing crop residues from the farm (grass, hd hedgrow clipping, i other residues) (d) Biofertilizer application Soil chemical and biological properties Nutrients balance

5 NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT Organic fertilizer from different sources: manure, green manure, hedgrow clipping, legume, crop residues casting of earthworm residues, Bio fertilizer: rhizobium, fosfat solubilizing bacteria, bacteria Natural mineral : rock fosfat guano, fosfat, guano sawdust sawdust, dolomit, dolomit gyp sum, zeolit, bentonit, peat,

6 LOCAL SPECIFIC TECHNOLOGY Organic vegetables nursery was prepared by women under conventional method Liquid fertilizer and pesticide iid made by local l farmer as a local specific technology on vegetable organic farming

7 PLANT MANAGEMENT Non GMO seed, Crop rotation dan mixed crop for each bed bd: with legume Selected plants combination : leavy fruit/flower Shalow and depth root dev Short and long duration plant

8 BUILDING SOIL FERTILITY

9 SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION Permanent terrace Minimum tillage Grass edge, mulch Water from unpolluted sources

10 PEST CONTROL Plant repellent : kenikir, serai, kemangi, lavender, Chrysanthenun h Natural enemy Flies trap Bio pesticide : neem, saga, biji sirsak, garlic, jahe, kunyit, daun kacang babi, dll.

11 Mucuna

12 SOIL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES C-organik (%) P2O5 (mg/100g) K2O (mg/100g) Kusnadi Organik Konvensiona Kusnadi Organik Konvensional Kusnadi Organik Konvensional Mega tani Farm Mega tani Farm Mega tani Farm BSB BSB BSB Masada Masada Masada ph Ca (mg/100g) Mg (mg/100g) Kusnadi Mega tani Farm Organik Konvensional Kusnadi Mega tani Farm Organik Konvensional Kusnadi Mega tani Farm Organik Konvensional BSB BSB BSB Masada Masada Masada

13 SOIL BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Total bakteri (10 5 ) Actinomycetes (10 4 ) Rhizobium (10 4 ) Kusnadi Organik Konvensional Kusnadi Organik Konvensional Kusnadi Organik Konvensional Mega Tani Farm Mega Tani Farm Mega Tani Farm BSB BSB BSB Masada Masada Masada Total jamur (10 4 ) Penicillium (10 4 ) Azotobacter (10 4 ) Kusnadi Kusnadi Kusnadi Mega Tani Farm BSB organik Konvensional Mega Tani Farm BSB Organik Konvensional Mega Tani Farm BSB Organik Konvensional Masada Masada Masada

14 CONCLUSION : Otimum dosis for organic fertlizer under vegetables farming system was 10-15t/ha from manure combined with green manure Nutrient balance for N,P,K under vegetables farming system was positive for N and P, conversely negative for K The best combination for vegetable cropping system was vegetable with low to medium nutrient uptake with high nut uptake (leavy with flower/fruit) Soil chemical and biological properties was incresed under vegetable organic farming sytem.

15 LONG TERM SOIL FERTILITY EXPERIMENT (JIRCASS, ISRI, IVEGRI, ) 2013) Good Soil Care (Lembang ) Growing Velvet Bean (Mucuna sp.) for seed production and as cover crop for improving organic carbon under cabbage cropping system

16 Soil Organic Carbon (%) Produksi kubis 8.00 LT st Season 4 th Season BP 1AP 1AH 2AP 2AH 3AH 4AP 4AH 5AP 5AH 6AH Sampling Time LT2 LT3 LT4 LT5 LT6 LT7 LT8 LT9 LT10 LT11 LT12 Trend of Soil Organic Carbon Increment for organic input treatments

17 Soil Tot tal Nitrogen (% ) 0,80 0,70 0,60 0,50 0, ,30 0, ,10 0,00 BP 1AP 1AH 2AP 2AH 3AH 4AP 4AH 5AP 5AH 6AH 6AH* LT1 LT2 LT3 LT4 LT5 LT6 LT7 LT8 LT9 LT10 LT11 LT12 Figure 9. Trend of Soil Nitrogen Content Increment for All Treatments Note: BP = Before Planting; AP= After Planting; AH= After Harvesting: AH*= After Mucuna incorporated into soil; 1 6 = season

18 (kg/m 2 ) Ca abbage yield Cabbage production 1st planting season (Sept-Dec 2006) 4th planting season (Sept-Dec 2007) LT1 LT2 LT3 LT4 LT5 LT6 LT7 LT8 LT9 LT10 LT11 LT12 Cabbage yield under organic and inorganic fertilization

19 CONCLUSION The changes in soil organic carbon and total nitrogen was observed in a Andisol at Lembang, due to continuous cropping system and fertilization Minimum tillage were more effective to preserve soil organic matter rather than conventional tillage. Growing cover crop during fallow period appears more advantages to increase soil nitrogen content. Combination between organic fertilizer, minimum tillage and growing g cover crops during fallow period can maintain declining of organic matter and nitrogent content.

20 Organic Rice Farming

21 Organic farming tecnology Soil fertility Crop establishment Crop nutrition Pest and disease Weed Harvest n production Market

22 SOIL FERTILITY - fertile soil, newly or conversion land - organic fertlizer: - straw burning (remaining ¾ part) - manure or other solid organic residue - azolla, sesbania rostrata

23 CROP AND WATER MANAGEMENT

24 Soil C-organic and Total-N status after 3crops ik (% ) 25 2,5 2,0 1,5 MK I 2007 MK II 2007 MH 2007/2008 (% ) 03 0,3 MK I 2007 MK II ,2 MH 2007/2008 0,2 C-organ 1,0 0,5 N -total 0,1 0,1 0,0 Pk20 Ps20 P a20 P k15+jr5 Ps15+J r5 Pa15+Jr5 Perlakuan Pk10+As0,3 P s+a s0,3 Pa+As 0,3 0,0 P k20 Ps20 Pa20 P k15+jr5 Ps15+Jr5 Pa15+Jr5 Perlakuan P k10+as0,3 Ps+As0,3 Pa+As0,3 Pada budidaya padi organik, pemberian pupuk organik dari kotoran sapi dan ayam dosis 5-10 ton/ha meningkatkan kadar C-organik dan N-total tanah

25 7,0 6,0 5,0 4,0 3,0 2,0 1,0 0,0 MK I 2007 MK II 2007 MH 2007/ ,0 14,0 12,0 10,0 0 8,0 6,0 4,0 2,0 0,0 MK I 2007 MK II 2007 MH 2007/2008 P-tersedia (ppm) Ca (me/1000 g) Pk20 Ps20 Pa20 Pk15+Jr5 Ps15+Jr5 Pa15+Jr5 Pk10+As0,3 Ps+As0,3 Pa+A s0,3 Pk20 Ps20 Pa20 Pk15+Jr5 Ps15+J r5 Pa15+Jr5 Pk10+As0,3 Ps+As0,3 Pa+As0,3 Perlakuan Perlakuan 4,50 4,00 3,50 3,00 2,50 2,00 1, ,00 0,50 MK I 2007 MK II 2007 MH 2007/2008 0,14 MK I ,12 0,10 0,08 0,06 0,04 0,02 MK II 2007 MH 2007/2008 Mg (me/100 g) K-dd (me/100 g) 0,00 0,00 Pk20 Ps20 Pa20 Pk15+Jr5 Ps15+Jr5 Pa15+Jr5 Pk10+As0,3 Ps+As0,3 Pa+As0,3 Pk20 Ps20 Pa20 Pk15+Jr5 Ps15+Jr5 Pa15+Jr5 Pk10+As0,3 Ps+As0,3 Pa+A s0,3 Perlakuan Perlakuan Pada budidaya padi organik, pemberian pupuk organik dari kotoran sapi dan ayam dosis 5-10 ton/ha meningkatkan kadar P, Ca, Mg dan menurunkan K tanah

26 Neraca Hara N,P,K (kg/ha) pada pertanaman padi rganik di Inceptisol Sragen selama 3 musim tanam MT Perlakuan: 1. Kambing 20t/ha 2. Sapi 20t/ha 3. Ayam 20t/ha 4. Kambing 15t/ha+Jerami 5t/ha 5. Ayam 15t/ha+Jerami 5t/ha 6. Kambing 15t/ha+Jerami 5t/ha 7. Kambing 10t/ha+Sekam 300kg/ha 8. Ayam 10t/ha+Sekam 300kg/ha 9. Sapi 10t/ha+Sekam 300kg/ha N P K

27 Organic rice yield during MK 2009 MH 2009/2010 Grain yield (t/ha) 9,00 8,00 7,00 6,00 5,00 4, ,00 2,00 1, Perlakuan MK I 2009 MK II 2009 MH 2009/2010

28 CONCLUSION Soil chemical and biological properties was increased under rice organic farming system. Nutrient sources for organic rice was manure (chicken, cow, goat) 5 t/ha combined with azolla, straw compost and 1t/ha Nutrient balances for organic rice (from organic sources above) shows positive balance for N and P, conversely negative balance for N and K for selected treatment.