Biomass utilization & development in Cambodia. By Mr. Chan Saruth

Transcription

1 Biomass utilization & development in Cambodia By Mr. Chan Saruth 1

2 I. Agriculture and Biomass situation in Cambodia Agriculture dominates the economy of Cambodia, contributing 27,5 % in 2012 of the gross domestic product (GDP), while industry sector is about 31.1% and services sector is about 41.4%. Rice is the most important crop in terms of production and significance to Cambodian population and occupies approximately 90% of the total available cultivated land; Agriculture also employs around 80% of the rural population and provides the main source of income in rural areas; However, agricultural residues such as rice husk, rice straw, corn cob, sugarcane baggasse, animal dung, etc, are limited to use for power generation and soil amendment. 2

3 II. Biomass resources used in Cambodia There are some biomass resources are used for energy consumption and soil amendment such as: Biogas resource from digestion of animal waste; Plastic-made household biodigester; Concrete-made household biodigester. Biogasifier from the agricultural wasted products and firewood including improved cook stove; Biofuel from the Jatropha; Biochar from the agricultural residues; Bioethanol from the cassava chips. 3

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5 Improved cook stove 5

6 III. Biomass pilot projects in Cambodia National Biodigester Programme (NBP) NBP is part of Asian Biogas Programme (ABP), granted funding from Dutch government via SNV, BMZ/GIZ and CZDA/PIN NBP is the national biodigester programme of the MAFF after signing MoU between MAFF and SNV in May 2005 NBP s phase I, , aiming at achieving 18,600 plants Phase II, planning: total planning of 23,000 biodigesters construction. 6

7 III. Biomass pilot projects in Cambodia (cont d) The using rice husk for sustainable development in rural Cambodia High efficiency rice mill machine Community center rice husk Rice husk power generation with pyrolysis kiln power Benefit 1: High-quality milled rice Benefit 2: Electricity supply Benefit 3: Biochar as soil improvement This pilot project supported by NEDO ((Japan) and implemented by MIME, MAFF, relevant institutions and private sector from June 2011 to Mach Improving farm soil - Raising crop/rice production 7

8 III. Biomass pilot projects in Cambodia (cont d) Capacity Building for Efficient Utilization of Biomass for Bioenergy and Food Security in the Greater Mekong Subregion This pilot project supported by ADB and implemented by CLV countries from July 2011 to December The project focuses on 4 key technologies, lead to both GHG mitigation and climate change adaptation for poor rural households: i) Biogas and efficient use of bioslurry; ii) iii) iv) Biochar and clean charcoal; Improved cook stoves (ICS); and Intercropping oil seed crops. 8

9 IV. Biochar utilization Biochar is a 2,000 year-old practice that converts agricultural waste into a soil enhancer that can hold carbon, increase food security and discourage deforestation. Biochar can be an important tool to increase food security and cropland diversity in areas with severely depleted soils, scarce organic resources, and inadequate water and chemical fertilizer supplies. Biochar is a powerfully simple tool to Combat Climate Change. 9

10 Biochar may represent the single most important initiative for humanity s environmental future Dr. Tim Flannery, Professor, Mcquarie University, Australia Without Biochar With Biochar 10

11 V. Biochar events The 2 nd Asia-Pacific Biochar Conference at Kyoto, Japan from 15 to 17 Sept, 2011 The Biochar field trial at Shiga 11

12 V. Biochar events (cont d) This workshop organized in Bangkok on 09 March

13 V. Biochar events (cont d) This Biochar Congress organized in Beijing from 17 to 19 Sept

14 VI. Government policy on Biomass used in Cambodia Government policy of promoting biomass used is linked with reducing poverty by supplying energy and helping improved soil condition to the poor, especially in the remote areas; The use of locally available biomass resources are considered to be ideal in line with supporting local agricultural activities; Therefore, the efficient utilization of biomass for Biochar production & application is considered in present for soil amendment in Cambodia in order to minimize used of chemical fertilizer and reduction of CO 2 emission in the atmosphere. 14

15 What we can convert agricultural wasted products into energy and soil improvement in Cambodia? The agricultural wasted products are rice husks, corn cobs, wood chips, coconut shells, cane sugar residues, peanut shells, etc. 15

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17 VII. Biochar trial at Dept of Ag Engineering/GDA Testing plots 1. Plain soil 2. Soil + NPK 3. Soil + Biochar 4. Soil + Biochar+NPK Result The soil + Biochar+NPK has a good result as soil + NPK ) This trial was carried out at the compound of Department of Agricultural Engineering 17

18 VII. Biochar trial at Dept of Ag Engineering/GDA (cont d) This trial was carried out at the compound of Department of Agricultural Engineering 18

19 VII. Biochar trial at Dept of Ag Engineering/GDA (cont d) T1- biochar 100% (3kg/m 2 ) T2- biochar 50% (1.5kg/m 2 ) & NPK 50% (0,01g/m 2 ) T3- biochar 50% (1.5kg/m 2 ) & manure 50% (1.5kg/m 2 ) T4- NPK 100 % (0,02g/m 2 ) T5- Control 19

20 VII. Biochar trial at Dept of Ag Engineering/GDA (cont d) DMC (Direct seedling Mulch based Cropping systems) + Biochar 20

21 VIII. Biochar making device designed and developed by Dept of Agricultural Engineering, Cambodia M1 M2 M3 KUNTAN 21

22 IX. Biochar stove designed and developed by Dept of Agricultural Engineering, Cambodia 22

23 X. Biochar training workshop for the farmer level This training including: 1. Lectures 2. Farm practices on various crops Target beneficiaries: 1. Takeo PDA staff 2. Pilot farmers from Takeo Province This training workshop was organized by Dept. of Ag. Engineering in close cooperation with KANSO Technos., Co Ltd, Japan under NEDO Dissemination Research project (Rice husk power generation systems utilizing energy and environmental technologies) 23

24 X. Biochar training workshop for the farmer level (cont d)

25 X. Biochar training workshop for the farmer level (cont d) Biochar 100% Biochar + NPK Plain soil Rice, maize and vegetable crops were introduced with biochar application at farmer s fields 25

26 XI. Biochar farmer s workshop The biochar farmer s workshop organized at Tramkok District, Takeo Province 26

27 XI. Biochar farmer s workshop (cont d) 27

28 XII. Dissemination of Biochar application by farmers Some of pilot farmers after attended the biocahr training workshop have started to apply biochar on various crops such as water melon, papaya and cucumber at their Plain soil fields in Samrong Commune, Tramkok District, Takeo Province. 28

29 XIII. Visit of NDF management to biochar field demo in Takeo Plain soil 29

30 XIV. Biochar and biofertilizer training Plain soil 30

31 XV. Conclusion Agricultural residues in Cambodia such as rice husk, rice straw, corn cob, sugarcane baggasses, etc. are limited to use for power generation and soil amendment; Biochar can be produced from agricultural residues and considered as a positive solution to increase food security, scarce organic resources, and inadequate water and chemical fertilizer supplies; Biochar can contribute to reduce CO 2 emission in the atmosphere and keep environmental friendly agriculture; and Biochar farmer training workshop and farmer field demonstration are useful and benefit to Cambodian farmers. 31

32 XVI. Future plan on biochar production & application Awareness raising with relevant stakeholders including Agricultural Educational Institutions; Better information sharing and extension of the technology through national and regional workshops on the benefits of biochar; In close cooperation with development partners and private sector on biochar making device and application; and Introduce biochar application with various crops through biochar training workshop and field demonstration to farmers and relevant stakeholders. 32

33 Thank you for your attention 33