Centralny Ośrodek Badania Odmian Roślin Uprawnych (COBORU) Edward S. Gacek

Transcription

1 The Research Centre for Cultivar Testing Centralny Ośrodek Badania Odmian Roślin Uprawnych (COBORU) Edward S. Gacek Słupia Wielka, Poland

2 Poland Area - 312,7 thousand km 2 Population - 38,5 million people Vegetation period days (on average) Precipitation mm (on average) Land use: Agricultural land - 60% (18,7 million ha) Forests - 31% (9,7 million ha) Land under water - 2% (0,7 million ha) Urbanized area - 5% (1,6 million ha) Other - 2% (0,5 million ha)

3 Facts about Polish agriculture (2017) Agricultural land on farms - 14,6 mln ha No. of farms >1 ha - 1,38 mln Average farm size (>1 ha) - 10,65 ha (ranging from ha in north-western voivodeships to 4-8 ha in south-eastern ones) Use of agricultural land : Arable land - 10,9 mln ha (74,6%) Permanent meadows - 2,8 mln ha (19,1%) Permanent pastures - 0,4 mln ha (2,6%) Others (including orchards) - 0,5 mln ha (3,7%)

4 Average farm size in Voivodeships (ha) (2017) National average 10,65 ha

5 Main crops Acreage in 1000 ha. Average yield in dt/ha Cereals (total) ,0 Wheat (Winter/Spring) 2373 (1991/382) 46,9 (48,8/37,0) Triticale (Winter/Spring) 1409 (1205/204) 37,3 (38,2/31,5) Maize (grain/silage) 1214 (648/566) (62,0/443) Rye (Winter) ,4 Cereal interspecies mixtures (Winter/Spring) 833 (96/737) 30,3 (32,8/30,0) Barley (Winter/Spring) 858 (197/661) 37,7 (44,2/37,0) Oat ,5 Oilseed Rape (Winter/Spring) 908 (826/82) 29,9 (30,6/23,1) Pulses (for grain and green matter) 506 (473/33) (17,4/178) Potato Sugar beet Vegetables 176 Onion(3 position in UE)/Cabbage(1)/Carrot(1)/Cucumber(3)/Beetroot(1)/Tomato(7)/Cauliflower(4) - 25/23/22/15/11/10/10 thousand ha Fruit plants 395 Apple(2 position in UE)/Strawberry(3)/Currant(1)/Cherry(1)/Raspberry(1)/Plum/Sweet Cherry/Pear - 178/52/45/30/28/15/10/9 thousand ha Organic farming (2015) ha in farms

6 Legal basis of COBORU activities National regulations The Law of November 25, 2010 on the Research Centre for Cultivar Testing, and: Decree of the Minister for Agriculture and Rural Development of 21 December 2010 on the statute of the Research Centre for Cultivar Testing Decree of the Minister for Agriculture and Rural Development of 24 December 2010 on the salary of workers of the Research Centre for Cultivar Testing and on the other work related benefits Decree of the Minister for Agriculture and Rural Development of 7 November 2011 on the method for determining surplus of the financial resources in the Research Centre for Cultivar Testing The Polish Seed Act of November 9, 2012 The Law of June 26, 2003 on the Legal Protection of Plant Varieties

7 Legal basis of COBORU activities Relevant EU and international regulations International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants, of 2 December, 1961, as revised at Geneva on November 10, 1972, on October 23, 1978 and March 19, 1991 Council Regulation (EC) No 2100/94 of 27 July 1994 on Community plant variety rights Council Directive 2002/53/EC of 13 June 2002 on the common catalogue of varieties of agricultural plant species Council Directive 2002/55/EC of 13 June 2002 on the marketing of vegetable seed Commission Decision 2004/842/EC of 1 December, 2004 concerning implementing rules whereby Member States may authorize the placing on the market of seed belonging to varieties for which an application for entry in the national catalogue of varieties of agricultural plant species or vegetable species have been submitted CPVO technical Protocols (TP) and UPOV Test Guidelines (TGP)

8 The Research Centre for Cultivar Testing (COBORU) (1) 1. COBORU is a Public Finance Sector Unit and possesses legal personality. 2. COBORU is an Executive Agency as defined by Article 18 of the Act of 27 August 2009 on public finance (OJ 2017, item 2077, as amended). 3. COBORU shall be supervised by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development

9 The Research Centre for Cultivar Testing (COBORU) (2) The activity of the COBORU shall be financed from: 1) the state budget in the form of subsidies: a) subjective for subsidizing current activity of the institution, b) purposeful for financing or subsidizing statutory tasks 2) revenues: a) income from agricultural activity, b) income from experimental services, c) bank interests, d) miscellaneous incomes; The Research Centre shall be comprised of: 1) the central office; 2) experimental stations for cultivar testing, called regional divisions (16).

10 General information on COBORU COBORU is the National Variety Office with headquarters in Słupia Wielka, near Poznan COBORU organization structure Headquarter s Employment - 96 people, including 37 technical specialists

11 COBORU variety testing network 16 Experimental Stations for Variety Testing (SDOO) including additional: 34 Experimental Substations for Variety Testing (ZDOO) The size of SDOO/ZDOO: < 50 ha - 19 SDOO/ZDOO ha - 24 SDOO/ZDOO > 250 ha - 7 SDOO/ZDOO The total area of land used by COBORU: ha KARZNICZKA - Experimental Station for Variety Testing (SDOO) Białogard - Experimental Substation for Variety Testing (ZDOO) / ZYBISZÓW/Karzniczka - seats of the inspector Colour - regions of COBORU inspectors control activity Employment people, including 141 examiners

12 The main tasks of COBORU The Office is responsible for: national listing (NLI) the administration of national PVP system coordination of national post-registration variety testing system and variety recommendation (PDO) conducting of post-control variety tests authorization for marketing (seed belonging to varieties for which an application for entry to the National Catalogue of Varieties has been submitted) conducting of official variety examinations: DUS testing VCU assessment Publication of the official information on varieties

13 Our Mission To stimulate innovation in plant breeding and seed production and to support implementation of plant variety progress into agriculture

14 Cooperation COBORU with national and international entities Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Relevant EU Commission Committees Research Centre for Cultivar Testing NATIONAL State Plant Health and Seed Inspecion Service Voivodeship Self-Governments (16) Agricultural Chambers (16) Polish Seed Trade Association Research Institutions and Agricultural Universities INTERNATIONAL Member States (MS) Community Plant Variety Office (CPVO) Variety Offices in the MS Variety Offices of Non-EU Countries International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) Members of the UPOV

15 COBORU publications Polish Gazette for Plant Breeders Rights and National List Results of Post-registration Variety Testing (PDO) and Official Variety Testing Polish National List of Agricultural, Vegetable and Fruit Plant Varieties Cultivar News The COBORU Bulletin Descriptive Lists of Agricultural, Vegetable and Fruit Plant Varieties List of varieties recommended for cultivation within the territory of the voivodeship

16 The Polish National List (as on r.) Agricultural plants 1466 varieties (93 species) ( 6,02% CCA) Vegetable plants ( 4,05% CCV) 847 varieties (55 species) Fruit plants Total No. 339 varieties (28 species) varieties (176 species)

17 Polish National List (NLI) Number of varieties admitted to The Polish National List Total Agricultural Vegetable Fruit Ornamental

18 Register of Varieties Protected by National Plant Breeders Rights (as on ) Agricultural plants Vegetable plants Fruit plants Ornamental plants Total 643 varieties 215 varieties 122 varieties 230 varieties varieties

19 Register of Varieties Protected by Plant Breeders Rights (PBR) Number of varieties protected by National PBR on the Polish territory Total Agricultural Vegetable Fruit Ornamental

20 Official Variety Testing in COBORU DUS Testing VCU Assessment Post-registration variety testing and variety recommendation Post-registration variety testing for preparing of Descriptive Lists Post-control Pro-ecological and heterogeneous material testing Yearly, around 2000 varieties are tested (VCU) in more than field trials

21 DUS testing DUS tests are performed to see if a variety is: distinct, uniform and stable DUS testing is conducted within the COBORU testing network Tests are done in 1(2) location, for 1 3 (5) vegetation seasons DUS tests are conducted according to COBORU Guidelines, prepared on the basis of the CPVO Technical Protocols and the UPOV Test Guidelines Living collections of the reference collection for each genus or species in which varieties are tested are maintained

22 DUS Testing network - Agricultural plants - Vegetable plants - Fruit plants - Ornamental plants

23 3500 DUS tests 2017 statistics 3127 Candidates 65 Reference collection Number of species varieties were tested in the field and under cover including 969 varieties in official examinations Agricultural Vegetables Fruit Plants Ornamentals Agricultural Plants Vegetable Plants Fruit Plants Ornamental Plants

24 Cooperation in DUS testing Regular cooperation: UPOV, CPVO, national offices bilateral agreements: Czech Republic Hungary Slovakia In 2017 we carried out DUS tests for: CPVO, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, We selling of reports (2017): CPVO, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Great Britain, Hungary, Iran, Lithuania, Latvia, Romania, Russia, Serbia, South Africa, Turkey

25 Agricultural Plants (33 taxa): Including: Barley, Buckwheat, Blue Lupine, Field Bean, Field Pea, Maize, Oat, Oilseed Rape, Perennial Ryegrass, Potato, Red Fescue, Rye, Serradella, Smooth-Stalked Meadowgrass, Tall Fescue, Triticale, Wheat, White Lupine, White Mustard, Yellow Lupine Vegetable Plants (10 taxa) Including: Beetroot, Broad Bean, Brussels Sprouts, Carrot, Cucumber and Gherkin, Dwarf and Climbing French Bean, Onion, Parsley, Pea (Sugar, Wrinkled and Round), Sprouting Broccoli/Calabrese, Tomato Fruit Plants (21 taxa) DUS testing for CPVO COBORU is entrusted for carrying out of DUS tests in favour of CPVO for 177 taxa The most important taxa are: Including: Apple, Black Currant, Blueberry, Plum, Raspberry, Sour Cherry, Strawberry Ornamental Plants (113 taxa) Including: Bearberry Cotoneaster, Berberis, Black Pine, Chrysanthemum, Clematis, Colorado Spruce, Gerbera, Ginkgo, Hinoki Cypress, Juniper, Kobus Magnolia, Larch, Lawson Cypress, Leucothoe, Nootka Cypress, Norway Spruce, Sawara Cypress, Thuja, White Spruce, Willow, Yew

26 VCU Assessment V Value for C Cultivation U and Use in Poland

27 Integration of Official Variety Testing System with system of PDO and Variety Recomendation in Poland Official registration tests (DUS, VCU) (2-3 years) Variety Listing (NLI) Variety Listing in other MS UE Common Catalogue of Varieties of Agricultural Plant Species (CCA) Post-registration variety testing system (PDO) (minimum 2 years) UE Varieties Recognition trials (minimum 2 years) Variety Recommendation (RL)

28 Distributrion of COBORU Official VCU assessment sites 48 Experimental Sites belonging to COBORU (SDOO/ZDOO) 3 Additional Sites (belonging to breeders) - IHAR O/Młochów (Potato) - HR Smolice (Maize) - KHBC SHR Straszków. (Sugar Beet)

29 The methodology of Official VCU assessment Breeders supply seeds to SDOO Słupia Wielka, from where they are redistributed to the experimental points Seeds are chemically treated in SDOO Słupia Wielka or by breeders (Sugar and Fodder Beet) In most cases, field trials are one factorial, only two levels of intensity are used in cereal trials (Wheat, Barley, Triticale, Rye) All trials are obligatorily protected against weeds and insects Some trials are obligatorily protected against: - Phytophtora infestans (Potato) - Cercospora beticola (part of Sugar Beet) Trial designs: - Randomized block design ( 16 varieties) - Incomplete block design - alpha design ( 16 varieties)

30 Official VCU assessment Number of testing sites for species Species Number of trials Species Number of trials Species Number of trials Winter Wheat 11/10 Winter Oilseed Rape 10/9 The most important grasses Winter Triticale 10 Winter Barley 9 Fodder Beet 6 Winter Rye 10 Oat 9 Spring Oilseed Rape Winter Barley 10 Spring Wheat 9 Other legumes 5 Field Bean 10 Spring Triticale 9 Other grasses 5 Field Pea 10 Maize 9 Narrow Lupine 10 Sugar Beet 8/7 Yellow Lupine 10 Potato 8/7 Soya Bean 10 The most important legumes Durum Wheat, Spelt, Spring Rye White Mustard, Hemp, Flax, Poppy Phacelia, White Lupine 7 Other species

31 Number of aplications for NLI. Agricultural species Species 2010/ / / / / / / /2018 Total Winter Barley Winter Wheat (+ Durum+spelt) Winter Rye Winter Triticale Spring Barley Spring Wheat (+ Durum) Spring Triticale+ Spring Rye Oat: Spring +Winter Mais Winter Oilseed Rape Spring Oilseed Rape Sugar Beet Potato Legumes+Soyabean Herbage legumes Gasses (lown) Other species Others: 2018: 2 Hemp, 1- Fodder beet, Flax

32 Post registration variety testing system (PDO) and variety recommendation

33 Legal basis of PDO activities Post registration cultivar testing system (PDO) activities are regulated by the following acts: INDIRECTLY Law on Council of Voivodeship of 5 June 1998 (OJ of 2017, item 2096; with amendments) art point 1 and 6 DIRECTLY Seed Law from 9 November 2012 (O. J. of 2017, item 633) art. 27 Art The Research Centre, in co-operation with the voivodeship self-governments and with agricultural chambers, shall conduct the Post-registration variety testing, for important from the economic point of view plant species within the territory of the voivodeship, with varieties included in the National Register or in The Common Catalogue. 2. Post-registration variety testing shall be conducted according to the methods and procedures elaborated by Director General of the Research Centre. 3. The methods and procedures, referred to in paragraph 2, Director General of the Research Centre elaborates in consultation with the minister competent for agriculture. 4. For varieties of plant species included in the Post-registration variety testing, variety descriptive lists shall be produced. 5. On the basis of the results of the Post-registration variety testing, The Research Centre in consultation with voivodeship selfgovernment and the agricultural chamber shall determine a list of varieties recommended for cultivation within the territory of the voivodeship Law on Agricultural Chambers of 14 December 1995 (OJ of 2016, item 1315: with amendments) art points 5, 6 and 15 Law on Agricultural Advisory Centers of 22 October 2004 (OJ of 2017, item 1149: with amendments) - art points 1, 2, 3 and 6

34 Description of the PDO System Voivodeship-based, inter-institutional variety testing system for the most important cultivated plants, aimed at variety recommendation The Research Centre for Cultivar Testing in cooperation with local Self-governments and Agricultural Chambers is responsible for PDO coordination in the whole country Large synergy effects arising from cooperation of different parties engaged in variety testing, both on regional and national levels On the basis of PDO results The lists of recommended varieties for cultivation within the territory of the voivodeships, are produced

35 Organization of PDO testing system and variety recommendation in Poland National PDO Coordinator COBORU Director General Entities directly responsible for PDO management Consultative bodies Central level The Research Centre for Cultivar Testing in Słupia Wielka The National PDO Coordination Council Regional level The Experimental Station For Cultivar Testing and other experimental units in the voivodeship The Voivodeship PDO Council

36 Entities responsible for coordination of PDO Research Centre for Cultivar Testing (COBORU) Experimental Station for Cultivar Testing (SDOO) Experimental Substation for Cultivar Testing (ZDOO), Units responsible for coordination of PDO in voivodeship and compiling of Lists of varieties recommended for cultivation within the territory of the voivodeship,

37 The PDO Coordinating Station Tasks Cooperation with COBORU headquarters in all matters relating to PDO, Cooperation with Voivodeship Self-government, Agricultural Chamber and other relevant institutions in all matters connected with conduction of PDO program on the Voivodeship level, Planning the scope of PDO trials and preparing the financing plan for PDO activities on Voivodeship level, Organization of the Voivodeship PDO Council meetings (twice a year), Management of PDO trials in all testing sites, Monitoring of PDO trials, Publication and promotion of PDO results, Preparation and publication of List of Recommended Varieties... for the Voivodeship, PDO and variety promotion (Training courses, field days, etc.)

38 Composition of PDO Regional Councils Composition of the Council. Representatives of: Voivodeship Self-Governments, Agricultural Chambers, Local Governmental administration, COBORU experimental stations, Agricultural science entities (Institutes and agricultural Universities), Advisory services, Breeding companies and seed producers, Unions of producers and processing industry, And other interested persons. Altogether, around 400 people are involved in the work in all Voivodeship PDO Councils. Members of the Council are appointed jointly by COBORU Director General, Marshals of Voivodeships and Chairmen of Agricultural Chambers.

39 The PDO Regional Councils Tasks Elaboration and implementation of main directions of PDO management on voivodeship level, taking into consideration general instruction from COBORU and National PDO Coordination Council Adoption of the plans for PDO activities for particular growing seasons, submitted by Director of PDO Coordinating Station Suggestions for methodological amendments of PDO trials Adoption of the List of Recommended Varieties proposed by Director of PDO Coordination Station Adoption of annual report of PDO activities for voivodeship Other activities related to PDO management

40 Some methodological aspects of PDO trials GUIDELINES: all trials are carried out in compliance with COBORU methodology and guidelines STANDARD VARIETIES: in all trials the same standard varieties defined by COBORU are used (mostly 3-4 varieties per species) TESTED VARIETIES: all newly listed and the best varieties from National List (NLI) and some varieties from CCA tested in EU Recognition trials SEED MATERIAL: seed material of each variety for all experiments originates from one source (supplied by breeders or taken from commercial seed lots); it is ordered by COBORU and distributed to experimental sites by SDOO in Slupia Wielka MONITORING/SUPERVISION: all experiments are obligatorily monitored by local COBORU inspectors (obligatory three times per season) and by COBORU technical staff TRIAL ACCESS: Trials can also be visited by applicants, maintainers or breeders, members of National and Voivodeship PDO Councils, advisers, farmers and other variety users

41 15066 Number of PDO trials Number of PDO trials ( ) public resources non-public resources Experimental season In 2018, in PDO system we carried out 973 field trials, in which we tested more than 750 varieties of the most important species, mainly agricultural

42 The most important traits estimated in PDO trials Yield and it s stability Quality (technological value for industry) Susceptibility to biotic stress (diseases, pests) Susceptibility to abiotic stress (dry period, excess rainfall, spring frosts, etc.) Winter hardiness (perennial and winter plants) Content of nutritive and anti-nutritional substances Susceptibility to lodging Other characteristics important for some species

43 PDO experimental network in Poland Experimental sites - COBORU Experimental Stations (48) - Breeding and seed companies stations (21) - Agricultural Advisory Centers (10) and their Experimental Points ( ) - Experimental units belonging to other institutions (21)

44 Average agricultural area (in thousand ha) covered by single PDO trial in different voivodeships (in 2017) PDO Coordinating Station in voivodeship

45 Financing of PDO activities State budget (via COBORU) Voivodeship Self-governments Agricultural Chambers Breeding Stations, Seed Companies and Agricultural Advisory Entities Sugar Beet industry Polish Union of Maize Producers COBORU own resources from agricultural activity Others (producers of fertilizers and plant protection products and other agricultural organizations and unions, etc.)

46 Publication of PDO results COBORU publications: Preliminary yielding results of varieties in PDO trials (additionally on ) Final PDO results (additionally on ) Descriptive Lists of Varieties Regional publications: The Experimental Stations for Cultivar Testing publish the results of trials carried out on their territory mainly in paper version. Additionally, in most of voivodeships, the results are published on the websites.

47 Trainings and dissemination of information on PDO results COBORU technical staff gave 176 lectures at various conferences, seminars, trainings etc. COBORU organized in own experimental stations in close cooperation with other units near 150 events, as: Field Days, Open Days, Trainings, Workshops etc. During these events, our testing stations were visited by nearly 10,000 farmers, students, advisers and other representatives of farming community COBORU also actively participated in 115 different kind of fairs, exhibitions, harvest festivals organized by other institutions; our Stands at these events were visited by several thousand people

48 Lists of varieties recommended for cultivation within the territory of the voivodeship The Lists... are produced separately in each voivodeship and final decisions are taken by directors of Coordination Stations after opinion by the relevant Voivodeship PDO Council Varieties tested in PDO trials at least for two years can be recommended, only Crops covered with recommendation: (Cereals, Winter and Spring Oilseed Rape, Table Potato, Maize, Legumes) The Lists... are published regionally and additionally on the COBORU website

49 VARIETY RECOMMENDATION Lists of varieties recommended for cultivation within the territory of the voivodeships in 2018 Winter Wheat Winter Barley Winter Triticale Winter Rye Spring Wheat Spring Barley Oat Spring Triticale Maize (grain) Maize (silage) Winter Rape Spring Rape Potato Field Pea Narrow Leaved Lupin Yellow Lupin Soya No. Species recommended in voivodeship Voivodeship dolnośląskie kujawsko-pomorskie lubelskie lubuskie łódzkie małopolskie mazowieckie opolskie podkarpackie podlaskie pomorskie śląskie świętokrzyskie warmińsko-mazurskie wielkopolskie zachodniopomorskie No. varieties recomended within the species in all voivodeship No. Voivodeships with recomended lists

50 Laboratory analyses Laboratory analyses of plant material from the experiments are carried out in the Chemical-Technological Laboratory of the SDOO Słupia Wielka. Each year, nearly 30 thousand chemical and technological analyzes are carry out, mainly on plant material from field trials. In the frame of VCU assessment the following qualitative features are tested: content of nutriments: protein, fat, carbohydrates, etc. content of antinutriments: alkaloids, glucosinolates, nitrates, tannins, etc. baking properties malting value The electrophoretic analysis of the storage proteins of some selfpollinated crops are used as supplementary tests in the DUS examination and ploidy assessment for grasses.

51 EU variety recognition trials (for varieties from CCA) The same testing procedure as in whole PDO system is applied Varieties from CCA are tested within the regular PDO trials EU variety recognition trials results are published separately All costs of EU variety recognition trials are covered by the applicants (breeders)

52 VCU assessment for Variety Descriptive Lists Testing network VCU assessment for Variety Descriptive Lists: - Vegetable Plants: 15 SDOO/ZDOO - Fruit Plants: 4 SDOO/ZDOO 1 IO Skierniewice

53 VCU assessment for Variety Descriptive Lists (18 species of vegetable and 8 species of fruit plants) The aim of this post-registration VCU examination is to prepare the Descriptive Lists which contain information about value for cultivation and use of vegetable and fruit plant varieties inscribed to the Polish National List (NLI) Vegetables No. trials No. tested varieties Broad bean 6 5 Red Beet 12 (6) 7 Onion 12 (6) 12 French bean 6 7 Carrot 12 (6) 12 Cucumber 18(6) 14 Pepper 9 17 Tomato 6 27 Radish Lettuce 3 12 Total in (24) 140 Fruits No. trials No. tested varieties Apple Pear 9 8 Sour Cherry 14 8 Raspberry Black Currant 4 4 Strawberry 9 8 Total in

54 Post control tests 10 SDOO/ZDOO (The same SDOO/ZDOO in which DUS test are carried out for particular species) Tests for the species: at one experimental point Duration: one growing season

55 Post control tests Group of plants Number of samples samples Variety standard samples Agricultural spring winter perennial plants Vegetable In total

56 Pro-ecological research activities in COBORU Pro-ecological variety testing (SDOO/ZDOO: in Krzyżewo, Lućmierz, Skołoszów, Śrem Wójt., Tarnów, Węgrzce) Testing of heterogeneous material (intra- and interspecies mixtures of Cereals and Legumes)

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58 Thank you for your attention