Governmental incentives and market mechanisms for promoting quality compost from biowaste: cases in Europe and around the world

Transcription

1 ISWA Main Sponsors: Governmental incentives and market mechanisms for promoting quality compost from biowaste: cases in Europe and around the world Vincenzo Verrastro CIHEAM IAMB Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari ITALY

2 Italian Composting Association CIC Private and public compost producer and other institutions and body that operate in the field (research center, universities etc.) It associates the 70 % of the compost producer in Italy Cooperate with institutions in order to promote a common policy in waste reduction and reutilization of waste through separate collection and compost promotion The Policy of CIC

3 Composting in Italy (2010) Organic waste treated and compost operating facilities in Italy ( ) 2010 data Source ISPRA report 2012

4 Statutory standards for mixed/green composted soil improvers Raw materials allowed Green waste Food waste (only from source separation) Manure Liquid Slurry Sewage sludge (max 35%) Digestate Animal by-product Others organic wastes

5 Organic wastes treated in Composting and AD plant t/y, 2010 > 80% source separate collection

6 Composting in Italy (2010) 2010 data Source: ISPRA report 2012 Operating composting plants 255 Plants treating >1.000 t/a 202 C. Plants in Northern Italy 65% Overall throughput Estimate Compost Production t t

7 Anaerobic Digestion in Italy today 21 operating plants; 15 of them treating over t/y of Waste In 2010, about tons of biowaste were treated through AD All plants treat source separated biowaste Few cases of co-digestion Almost all plants integrate AD and the composting processes: compost is a product! Source: ISPRA report 2012

8 Flow chart DA + aerobic line Digestate (organic fraction) Green Waste shredded Mixing Bio oxidization (30/40 days) Sieving Maturing (60 days) Source: Acea Pinerolese Dr Davide Mainero

9 ITALY: key remarks about compost In Italy the compost quality is a product if is it in compliance with Fertlisers Regulation since 1998 Last update of Fertilisers Law: D.Lgs.75/10 National Act on Fertilisers defines limiting values for Fertilisers and composted materials to be used and marketed as a product. - Sludge can be included in starting mixes (max 35% mix) 1200 industries of fertilisers on REGISTER of Manufacturers 6000 products on REGISTER of Fertilisers

10 Italian Regulations of Compost Limit/range Annex 2 - D.lgs. 75/2010 Moisture <50% ph 6-8,5 Organic Nitrogen d.m. > 80% of total Nitrogen Total Organic Carbon for both type of product ACM-ACV 20% d.m. Copper Cu 150 p.p.m d.m. Zinc Zn 500 p.p.m d.m. Lead - Pb 140 p.p.m d.m. Cadmium - Cd 1,5 p.p.m d.m. Nickel - Ni 50 p.p.m d.m. Mercury - Hg 1,5 p.p.m d.m. Cr VI 0,5 p.p.m d.m. Plastic glass and metals material (Ø 0,2 mm) 0, 5 % d.m. Stone (Ø 5 mm) < 5% d.m. Salmonelle absent in 25 g f.m. Escherichia Coli 1 10² UFC per g Germination Index >60%

11 CIC Quality guarantee: Marchio di Qualità CIC CIC compost Certification Based on Italian fertilizer law D. Lgs 75/2010 Promotes Italian compost quality production Assists producers to meet specific product characteristics by law Helps customers to visually identify the quality compost among others. Improves safety, transparency and quality of compost production.

12 CIC Quality compost labeling program Registro Fabbricanti:

13 Since : 40 plants t/y of compost produced of which t/y with CIC Certification Database compost quality ACM: 520 analysis ACV: 80 analysis

14 QAS: EXPERIMENTAL PHASE- 2 Certificate of recovery Certifies and guarantees the recovery path of differentiated organic waste materials, their transformation into quality compost and their final destination The certificate reports quarterly: - origin, type and amount of the matrices treated - amount of fertilizer produced - main destinations of compost (agricultural, greenhouses, etc) The certificate is sent to the waste producers for a feedback of the separated collection activity.

15 Name of the company Quantity and type of waste treated Waste producers (Municipality) Destination of compost Quantity of waste production and destination This is to certify that the amount of waste collected in 2011 were treated and 90% was recovered and turned into quality compost under Decree 75/2010.

16 Fertiliser market in Italy

17 Price for each sectors for quality compost in Italy Uses /t Rate of compost UNBAG Field crops % COMPOST Horticoltural crops % COMPOST Wineyard % COMPOST Growing media PEAT FREE for Hobby gardening (price on retail) IN BAGS 1,5 (bag 10 liter) 2,5 (bag 20 l) 5 (bag 50 l) 9 (bag 80 l) 35-60% COMPOST - Growing media - Soil improver 1 (bag 10 l) 2 (bag 20 l) 4 (bag 50 l) 6 (bag 80 l) (big bags 1000 l) Average 50% compost; 30-40% for trasplanting and 80% for horticoltural and gardening 100% COMPOST + N 17

18 Market share of Compost in Italy Total amount in Italy: t/anno % Gardening Source: Massimo Centemero Rimini Ecomondo

19 Market share labelled COMPOST

20 Rural development Plans Region CAMPANIA EMILIA ROMAGNA LAZIO MARCHE PIEMONTE PUGLIA TOSCANA VALLE D AOSTA SARDEGNA SICILIA Incomes The income is variable from 301 /ha (Macroareas A1, A2, A3, B) to 245 /ha per Macroarea C e 167 /ha per Macroaree D1 e D2. The income is of 180 /ha in valleys and 220 /ha in the hills. Yearly income of 100 /ha Yearly income of 190 /ha. Yearly income of 180 /ha Yearly income of 91 /ha Yearly income of 240 /ha Yearly income of 840 /ha in viticolture e 775 /ha in horticulture. Yearly income of 150/ha for soils with slope inferior to 30% and yearly income of 155/ha for soils with slope equal or superior to 30% The incomes ara variable for each crop: 90 /ha for forages until 600 /ha for horchards.

21 Vulnerable Areas in CAMPANIA Region

22 PUGLIA REGION SUBSIDIES from Rural Development Plan RURAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN MEASURE 214: agro environmental payments -SCOPE: improvement of soil fertility and struggle against desertification EXPECTED RESULTS - more than ha will be amended with compost - IRENA 24: more than 7% of soil not affected by erosion - IRENA 29: increase of soil carbon of more than 10% - reduction of equivalent of CO 2 of 1% coming form agricultural sector 22

23 PUGLIA REGION SUBSIDIES from Rural Development Plan GENERAL PRINCIPLES measure for at least 5 years amount of N (nitrogen) of maximum 340 Kg in not vulnerable zones amount of N (nitrogen) of maximum 170 Kg in not vulnerable zones Target region: in central Apulia where erosion is more evident Premium per Ha: 91 euro 23

24 Problems - Rural development plan : subsidies for compost application - Sludge terror - Only Green compost - Small results of the measure - Abandon of the measure in next PSR (???) On-farm compost facilities 24

25 VINCENZO VERRASTRO CIHEAM IAMB MEDITERRANEAN AGRONOMIC INSTITUTE FO BARI VIA CEGLIE 9 VALENZANO (BA) PHONE: verrastro@iamb.it 25