Cultivation for Weed Control in in Sugarbeet. Austin Neubauer, Nathan Haugrud and Tom Peters, SMBSC, NDSU and Univ. of MN

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1 Cultivtion for Weed Control in in Sugreet Austin Neuuer, Nthn Hugrud nd Tom Peters, SMBSC, NDSU nd Univ. of MN

2 Summry of Cultivtion Reserch in Sugreet Nthn Hugrud nd Tom Peters, NDSU

3 Sugreet Weed Mngement in 2018 Limited POST control options Hericide resistnt pigweeds (wterhemp nd Plmer mrnth) Loss of historicl hericides (des+phenmediphm, Betmix ) Chlorocetmide hericides soil pplied (lyy) POST to sugreet, PRE to weeds (Peters et l. 2017) Renewed interest in cultivtion T. Peters (2018)

4 Inter-row Cultivtion Benefits: Non-selective mode of ction No risk of resistnce Incorportion of fertilizer nd hericide Drwcks: Limited re Potentil yield dmge (Dexter et l. 2000; Giles et l. 1990) Incresed disese risk (Schneider et l. 1982)

5 Cultivtion Reserch NDSU Extension 2016 Questions Cultivtion to remove hericideresistnt weeds? Effects on weed emergence? Interctions with residul hericide? Incorportion nd ctivtion Dmge to n estlished hericide rrier? Negtive effects on sugreet yield nd qulity?

6 Hericide pplied t stndrd rtes, volume, & pressure Hericide: Four/six levels Glyphoste lone Gly + Dul Mgnum Gly + Outlook Gly + Wrrnt Gly + Trefln Gly + Ro-neet

7 Cultivtion t 4 MPH nd depth

8 # Wterhemp per plot Cultivtion immeditely fter hericide resulted in 50-75% less wterhemp, 14 DAT inch sweeps / 22 inch rows = 68% re covered Renville, 2017 Hickson, 2018 Nshu, 2018 With cultivtion No cultivtion Cultivtion Hericide C X H Interction ANOVA Renville, 2017 Hickson, 2018 Nshu, 2018 All environments P-vlue NS NS

9 % New wterhemp control Erly cultivtion generlly hd no effect on new wterhemp emergence control Renville-2017 Hickson-2018 Nshu-2018 Renville-2017 Hickson-2018 Nshu DAT 28 DAT With cultivtion No cultivtion

10 % Overll wterhemp control Erly cultivtion resulted in 6-11% improved overll control, 42 DAT Renville-2017 Hickson-2018 Nshu-2018 With cultivtion No cultivtion Initil removl of 65% of weeds + No effect on weed seedling emergence = Overll improved control Cultivtion Hericide C X H Interction ANOVA Renville, 2017 Hickson, 2018 Nshu, 2018 All environments P-vlue NS NS

11 Hericide Cultivtion Erly cultivtion incresed common lmsqurters emergence, Glchutt-2018, 28 DAT With cultivtion No cultivtion Glyphoste Gly + Dul Mgnum Gly + Outlook Gly + Wrrnt Gly + Trefln Gly + Ro-neet Tretments pplied t 4-6 lf stge Light sensitive weed # C. lmsqurters seedlings per m 2 ANOVA Cultivtion Hericide C X H Interction P-vlue < NS

12 % Overll C. lmsqurters control Cultivtion t either timing hd no effect on overll C. lmsqurters control, 42 DAT Wheton-2017 Glchutt-2018 Wheton-2017 Glchutt-2018 Erly With cultivtion No cultivtion Delyed

13 Cultivtion Efficcy Summry Cultivtion cn remove out 2/3rds of weeds Generlly no effect on wterhemp emergence Cultivtion improved seson-long wterhemp control y 6 to 19% No effect on lmqurters control, ut risk for reduced seedling control if timed too erly Tke dvntge of crop cnopy y cultivting lter

14 Cultivtion Effect on Sugreet Yield Pst reserch from 1980s nd 1990s indicte yield loss from cultivtion in certin environments Incresed Rhizoctoni solni infection Moving soil-orne pthogen nerer its host Khn nd Bolton 2016 Grove 2017

15 Cultivtion Sfety: Experimentl Procedures Cultivtion every 2 weeks from June 21 to August 16 Crystl 355 plnted erly-my 4 MPH speed nd inches deep Qudris (zoxystroin) for Rhizoctoni control

16 Cultivtion timing hd no effect on stnd mortlity or visul disese t ny environment Stnd mortlity Cultivtion timing Prosper Hickson Glyndon % Control June July July August August June 21 + July July 5 + Aug July 19 + Aug June 21 + July 19 + Aug ANOVA p vlue Tretment Pre tretment stnd x 100 = % Stnd mortlity Hrvest stnd

17 Cultivtion timing hd no effect on sugreet yield cross ll environments in 2018 Yield Components Cultivtion timing Root yield Sucrose content RSA Tons/cre % Ls/cre Control ,817 June ,773 July ,934 July ,563 August ,899 August ,529 June 21 + July ,679 July 5 + Aug ,698 July 19 + Aug ,472 June 21 + July 19 + Aug ,540 ANOVA p vlue Tretment

18 Conclusion: Cultivtion timing hd no effect on sugreet yield, stnd density, or disese in 2018 Differences etween our experiments nd previous reserch Similr cultivtion methods, ut different timing nd intervls Dexter et l. (2000) nd Giles et l. (1990) implemented weekly cultivtion from mid- June to lte-july Differences in production prctices in 2018 vs the 1990s Seed tretments nd soil-pplied Qudris (zoxystroin) Crystl 355, diploid, is reltively resistnt to R. solni

19 The Future of Cultivtion: 2019 nd Beyond Vlule tool to removl weeds tht hericide did not/will not control Timing is key: cultivte ner crop cnopy closure No effects on weed emergence if shde is present No effect on yield in 2018, ut repets in future yers re needed Integrted Weed Mngement Chemicl