Prehistory River Valley Civilizations

Transcription

1 Prehistory River Valley Civilizations

2 I. Paleolithic (Old Stone Age) (2 million to BCE) A. More Advanced Humans B. Hunters/Gatherers

3 Technologies Developed Clothing Fire Tools Weapons Shelter

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5 I. Paleolithic (Old Stone Age) (2 million to BCE) CONT C. Migration 1. Where??? D. 14,000 years ago (approx. 12,000 BCE) end of last GREAT ice age E. More movement

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7 Discussion Question Discuss some advantages AND disadvantages of the lifestyle of Hunters/Gatherers?

8 II. Neolithic (New Stone Age) (10, BCE) A. Beginning around 10,000 years ago, some human communities adopted B. Definitions 1. Sedentism 2. Pastoralism 3. Nomadism

9 II. Neolithic (New Stone Age) (10, BCE) C. Agricultural Revolution 1. Invention of agriculture 2. Transformation took time

10 Discussion Question What is the map below trying to depict about the development of agricultural settlements around the world?

11 Centers of Settled Agriculture Mesopotamia The Nile River Valley Sub-Sahara Africa The Indus River Valley The Yellow River (Huang He) Valley Papua New Guinea Mesoamerica The Andes

12 Area 3 (grey) is no longer recognized as a center of origin, and Papua New Guinea (red, 'P') was identified more recently.

13 Neolithic (New Stone Age) (10, BCE) 4. Initially developed in the Middle East and independently arose in India, N. Africa, Europe, and the Americas 5. Population Increases WHY??? 6. Specialization of Labor a) New classes b) Elites c) Patriarchy 7. Pastoralist

14 Neolithic (New Stone Age) (10, BCE) CONT. 7. Technological Innovations Water Control Systems (Irrigation) Pottery Wheel Plows Woven Textiles Metallurgy a) Tools allowed for more efficiency = more surpluses 8. Role of women

15 Discussion Question: What were some of the benefits of the Neolithic Revolution for humans? What were some of the drawbacks? Would YOU have chosen to settle and begin farming?

16 Developments of Civilization: Discussion All of the following did not exist prior to the development of civilization For each of these characteristics of early civilization, identify benefits and disadvantages: Gender inequality Slavery Warlike Divisions in social-class have/have nots Diseases Ruler and ruled Destruction of environment

17 III. Civilization CONT A. Why Civilization? B. Definition 1. Must contain all of the following: a)??? b)??? c)??? d)??? e)??? f)??? g)???

18 IV. Characteristics of River Valley Civilizations A. Urbanization B. The Big 4 and the Americas 1. Mesopotamia (Tigris and Euphrates) 2. Egypt (Nile) 3. Mohenjo-daro / Harappa (Indus) 4. China (Hwang He or Yellow) 5. Chavin (Andean South America) 6. Olmecs (Mesoamerica)

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22 Mesopotamia

23 Egypt

24 India

25 China

26 Small Group Discussion Question: What do most/all of these River Valley Civilizations have in common? What are some key differences between the RVCs?

27 IV. Characteristics of River Valley Civilizations CONT B. Creation of States C. Favorable Location and Access to Resources 1. Example: Hittites and Iron D. Independent Development vs. Borrowing 1. Despite trade and connections

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29 IV. Characteristics of River Valley Civilizations CONT C. Similarities 1. Technology 2. Monumental Building / Specialization / Division of Labor 3. Arts promoted by religious and political elites 4. Writing Systems

30 Bows found in King Tut s tomb Hittite Iron Weapons

31 Approximate historical map of the spread of the spokewheeled chariot, BC

32 IV. Characteristics of River Valley Civilizations CONT 5. Trade 6. Complex political structures 7. Creation of Legal Codes a) Hammurabi s Code b) Code of Ur-Nammu 8. Creation of new religions a) Vedic religions b) Hebrew monotheism c) Zoroastrianism

33 Writing Papyrus Sheets Cuneiform Tablet

34 Writing Forms Sumerian Writing Hieroglyphics

35 Writing Forms Sanskrit Ancient Chinese

36 IV. Characteristics of River Valley Civilizations CONT D. Differences 1. Egyptian economy 2. Distinctive Writing Systems 3. Monumental Building 4. Chinese Intellectual Life Partner Question: What would allow China to emphasize education over other pursuits? Explain.

37 King Djoser: Step Pyramid King Snefru: First Pyramid King Khufu (Cheops) Pyramids at Giza King Khafre: Great Sphinx

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45 IV. Characteristics of River Valley Civilizations CONT E. Decline of River Valley Civilizations

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47 Small Group Discussion Question: What did the first River Valley Civilizations leave behind? How were the civilizations that followed them effected?

48 V. Conclusion A. RVCs created B. Civilization created division BUT trade created interconnection C. Major Similarities / Major Differences

49 Closing Task Assess the positive and negative aspects of civilization. Was the development of human civilization a positive development in human history or a negative development? Support your answer with evidence.