NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION

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1 NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES HALF-YEARLY EXAMINATION JUNE 2015 GRADE 10 MARKS: 150 TIME : 2½ hours This question paper consists of 11 pages

2 2 INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION 1. Answer ALL the questions in the ANSWER BOOK 2. Start EACH question on a NEW page. 3. Read ALL the questions carefully and answer only what is asked. 4. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper. 5. Non-programmable calculators may be use. 6. Show ALL your calculations, including a formula where applicable. 7. Write neatly and legibly.

3 3 SECTION A QUESTION Various options are given as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A D) next to the question number in the ANSWER BOOK, for example A An example of a greenhouse gas is A. oxygen. B. methane. C. nitrogen D. carbon monoxide (2) Organisms that adapt to survive harsh, dry conditions are called A. xerophytes. B. hydrophytes. C. mesophytes. D. hygrophytes (2) Farmers that produce just enough for their own needs on their own farm are called: A. commercial farmers B. subsistence farmers C. small-scale farmers D. emerging farmers (2) One of the following factors does not influence climate: A. Rainfall B. Temperature C. Wind D. Soil water (2)

4 When trying to prevent pollution, it is important that the pesticide used for agricultural purpose must A. be biodegradable. B. disrupt the food chain C. have after effects. D. not be biodegradable. (2) The condition when people have access to food at all times is referred to as A. food supply B. food crisis C. food security D. food sustainability (2) An example of political reasons for land reform is A. to get voter support from the rural poor. B. to provide for better ways of sharing land in a fair manner. C. to provide for penalizing of ineffective or damaging farming methods. D. to provide for resettlement of communities by moving people from poorer areas to more productive areas. (2) An example of a non-renewable resource in agriculture is A. air B. soil C. water D. sunlight (2) The scientific study of the different relationships between different organisms in a system and their relationship with the non-living part of their environment: A. Biome B. Ecology C. Adaptation D. mutualism (2)

5 An example of a secondary mineral is A. quartz B. calcite C. haematite D. mica (2) (10 X 2) (20) 1.2 Choose a phrase from COLUMN B that matches a term in COLUMN A. Write only the letter (A G) next to the question number ( ) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example M COLUMN A COLUMN B Global warming A. food produced on a large scale Aspect B. little vegetation and low rainfall Sweet veld C. private landownership Commercial farming D. edible veld Freehold E. increased urbanisation and deforestation F. direction in which a slope faces G. represent the entire agricultural industry (5X2) Give ONE word/ term for each of the following descriptions. Write only the term/word next to the question number ( ) in the ANSWER BOOK A large natural area or region with a unique set of factors such as climate, soil and landforms Returning land to people who were forcibly removed from it When two or more individuals in an ecosystem need the same limited resource The clay mineral that expands the least when wet Traditional knowledge that is slowly acquired over time. (5 x 2) (10)

6 6 1.4 Change the UNDERLINED WORD(S) in each of the following statements to make them TRUE. Write the appropriate word(s) next to the question number ( ) in the ANSWER BOOK Granite is an example of a metamorphic rock, which formed 3 5 km below the earth s surface The summer rainfall desert region of South Africa is known as succulent Karoo Consumers are living organisms that can make their own food from substances that they get from the non-living environment Commensalism is the symbiotic relationship between two organisms in which one partner benefits and the other is harmed Population growth refers to the decrease in the number of people (5 x 1) (5) TOTAL SECTION A = 45

7 7 QUESTION 2: AGRO - ECOLOGY 2.1 The diagram below indicates the interactions of organisms in an ecosystem. Study the diagram and answer the following questions Jackal Lion Goat Wild cat Rabbit Kite Green plant Mouse Snake Give the scientific name for this diagram. (2) Identify ONE example of the following from the diagram: (a) Omnivore. (1) (b) Browser. (1) (c) Primary consumer. (1) Differentiate between herbivores and carnivores (4) Give a reason why green plants are known as producers? (2) Name TWO abiotic factors that can influence an ecosystem. (2) Name THREE physiographic factors that have an influence on plant and Animal life. (3)

8 8 2.2 Study the distribution of rainfall in South Africa as shown on the map and the key that accompanies the map Use the key to indicate the rainfall that is likely to occur in the regions labelled A to F. (6) Identify the type of farming in the following regions: a) region D (1) b) region B. (1) Identify the region where the following plants would be found: a) succulent plants (1) b) subtropical plants (1) 2.3 List FOUR veld management practices that are important in keeping pastures in a good condition. (4) 2.4 Name the THREE types of natural veld that occurs in South Africa. (3) 2.5 State the TWO main factors that determine the type of veld found in the different ecological regions of South Africa. (2) (35)

9 9 QUESTION 3: AGRI INDUSTRY 3.1 Agri-industry or agribusiness refers to all the productive activities that are associated with agriculture, for example, the production, processing and supply of agricultural goods. It relates to farming for market production, and simply refers to the business of farming. In the past century, a shift occurred in the agricultural industry. Machines replaced animals and humans. The agricultural technology grows at a fast rate State the FOUR main functions of the agri-industry. (4) Briefly explain the following terms: (a) Gross domestic product. (2) (b) Subsistence farming (2) State FOUR reasons for processing of food. (4) 3.2 The table below shows rounded off figures of the population of South Africa from 1950 to Year Total (million) population Rural (million) population Urban (million) population In % lived in rural regions 43% lived in urban regions Calculate the percentage of the country s population that was living in a) rural regions in (2) b) urban regions in (2)

10 Deduce the tendency of population movement in the table above. (1) Indicate the year when the population percentages were the same. (1) Indicate the percentage for the year mentioned in QUESTION (1) What influence does this population shift have on agriculture? (2) 3.3 Briefly explain each of the following land reform programmes: Land restitution. (2) Land redistribution. (2) Tenure reform. (2) 3.4 The passage below is about land ownership The Land Act of 1913 was a law that affected many communities living in South Africa at that time. Many communities were affected by this law. One of the communities was forcibly removed from their ha of good agricultural land along the Maputo corridor. Their agriculture and land ownership has changed since 1994, when the Restitution Act came into being, to correct the injustices of the past. Now the community can smile again because they have regained the right to own land. Some of them still love farming and they want to use this land for farming and tourism. Their focus will be on rearing animals and growing crops and vegetables. Further development also includes building a hotel that will create opportunities for entrepreneurs of various businesses Briefly describe the effect of the Land act that was passed in (2) In 1994, a new act was passed to correct the Act of Name the Act and Explain the main purpose of this Act. (3) List THREE benefits that the community will experience now that the new Act of 1994 has been implemented. (3) (35)

11 11 QUESTION 4: SOIL SCIENCE 4.1 Soil plays an important role in agriculture State FOUR reasons to indicate the importance of soil in agriculture. (4) Mention FIVE components of the soil. (5) 4.2 Complete the passage by adding the correct words given in the table below: adhesion cohesion Sand absorption capillarity adsorption Size clay Water can move in different directions in soil. The upward movement of water is caused by (4.2.1). Water that moves upwards in soil pores, form a column wherein the water molecules are held together by (4.2.2) -forces and clings to soil particles through (4.2.3) forces. The height to which water can move will be determined by the (4.2.4) of the pores. In soil with a (4.2.5) texture, water rises the highest, but the upward movement takes place very slowly. (5) An indigenous way of increasing the organic matter in soil is by using night kraals in which to keep cattle overnight. Explain briefly how humus develops during this process. (4) State FOUR advantages of humus in the soil. (4) 4.4 The following are examples of primary and secondary minerals. Mica, kaolinite, vermiculite, dolomite, quartz and montmorillonite Classify the above mineral examples into primary and secondary minerals. (6) Differentiate between primary and secondary minerals. (4) 4.5 Name the THREE types of rocks. (3) [35] TOTAL SECTION B: 105 GRAND TOTAL: 150

12 NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES HALF-YEARLY EXAMINATION JUNE 2015 GRADE 10 MEMORANDUM MARKS: 150 This memorandum consists of 8 pages

13 Agricultural Sciences/Grade 10 2 MDoE:June 2015 SECTION A QUESTION Multiple choice B A B D A C B B B C. (10 X 2) (20) 1.2 Match type E F D A C. (5 X 2) (10) 1.3 Terminology Biome Restitution Competition Kaolinite Indigenous knowledge. (5 X 2) (10)

14 Agricultural Sciences/Grade 10 3 MDoE:June Replacement Igneous Nama Parasitism Condition Increase. (5 X 1) (5) TOTAL SECTION : (45) SECTION B QUESTION 2 (AGRO ECOLOGY) Food web. (2) Examples from the given food web: (a) Jackal (1) (b) Goat/ Rabbit. (1) (c) Snake/ Owl/ Wild cat (1) Herbivores are plant eating animals. Carnivores are meat eating animals. (4) Because they are able to make their own food using sunlight and other inorganic substances during photosynthesis. (2) TWO abiotic factors Plants. Animals. (2) THREE physiographic factors Aspect. Slope. Altitude. Latitude. (Any 3) (3)

15 Agricultural Sciences/Grade 10 4 MDoE:June A: < 200 mm B: mm C: mm D: mm E: mm F: > mm (6) Types of farming a) Cattle farming b) Merino farming (2) Plant regions a) A b) F (2) 2.3 FOUR veld management practices Rotational grazing. Correct stocking rate. Correct animal ratio. Controlled veld burning. Camp systems. (Any 4) (4) 2.4 THREE Veld types Sweetveld. Sourveld. Mixed veld. (3) 2.5 TWO factors determining veld type Average rainfall. Soil type. (2) [35]

16 Agricultural Sciences/Grade 10 5 MDoE:June 2015 QUESTION 3 (AGRI-INDUSTRY) FOUR functions of agri-industry. Provides food. Provides raw materials. Provides jobs/ employment opportunities. Provides economic growth and stability. (4) Explanation of terms (a) Gross domestic product is the market value of a country s goods and services. (2) (b) Subsistence farming - is the type of farming that feeds only the farmer and his or her own family. (2) FOUR reasons for processing food Food safer to eat for longer. Easy to market and distribute. Easy transportation of delicate perishable foods. Reduce incidence of food-borne diseases. Addition of nutrients such as vitamins. Extended shelf life. (Any 4) (4) Population percentage a) (19 44) 100 = 43,18 = 43% (2) b) (25 44) 100 = 56,8 = 57% (2) Population shift from rural to urban / more people in cities (1) (1) % (1)

17 Agricultural Sciences/Grade 10 6 MDoE:June Influence of population shift on agriculture More people in the cities need to be provided with food and less people on farms with more tillable land to provide the food. (2) 3.3 land reform programmes Land restitution is returning land to people who were forcibly removed from it Land redistribution is giving previously disadvantaged people access to land Tenure reform is providing farm worker s access to land. (6) 3.4 Land reform legislation Effect of Land Act of 1913 This community was forcefully removed from their agricultural land. The Act denied them land ownership in some areas. (2) The Land Restitution Act of Its purpose was to correct the injustice of the Land Act of 1913 and to give people back the land that was taken from them in the past. It means that they have the right to regain the land they previously owned. (3) THREE benefits of 1994 Act Farming opportunities. Tourism possibilities. Entrepreneurship opportunities. Employment opportunities. The development of the sense of pride within the community. (Any 3) (3) [35]

18 Agricultural Sciences/Grade 10 7 MDoE:June 2015 QUESTION 4 (SOIL SCIENCE) FOUR importance of soil Medium in which plants can grow Anchors and provides support for plants Supplies plants with important inorganic materials Provides a habitat for soil organisms Provides water to plants Plays a role in water, carbon, nitrogen cycle Air around soil particles is needed for organisms (Any 4) (4) FOUR components of the soil Rock particles Air Water Organic matter Soil organisms (5) Capillarity (1) Cohesion (1) Adhesion (1) Size (1) Clay (1) 4.3 Humus Small organisms in the soil, like bacteria and fungi, help to break down / decompose dead plant matter or animal matter (organic material). (4)

19 Agricultural Sciences/Grade 10 8 MDoE:June FOUR advantages of humus Provides nutrients ( ) Aerates soil ( ) Aids in water infiltration and ( ) Water holding capacity ( ) Warmer soil promotes growth ( ) (4) 4.4 Minerals Primary minerals Mica Quartz Dolomite Secondary minerals Kaolinite Montmorillonite Vermiculite (6) Difference between primary and secondary minerals Primary minerals minerals that occur in nature and are still in their original form Secondary minerals minerals formed from primary minerals. (4) 4.5 Types of rocks Igneous rocks. Metamorphic rocks. Sedimentary rocks. (3) [35] TOTAL SECTION B: 105 GRAND TOTAL: 150