Water Governance and Management for Sustainable Development

Transcription

1 Water Governance and Management for Sustainable Development By Olcay Ünver Deputy-Director, Land and Water Division of FAO

2 Freshwater

3 The Hydrological Cycle

4 Source: FAO Aquastat Water Withdrawals Freshwater Withdrawals in the United States, 2005

5 Water Pollution Source: UN-Water International Year of Water Cooperation.

6 Water, Fish and Aquaculture The quantity and quality of surface and groundwater resources, and life-supporting ecosystem services are being jeopardized by the impacts of human development. Aquatic ecosystems continue to be heavily degraded, putting many ecosystem services at risk, including the sustainability of food supplies and biodiversity.

7 Changing Context, Growing Demand Source: FAO Report on Global Agriculture Towards 2050

8 Why Water Governance? Unlike water management, water governance broadly looks at processes, actors and institutions for the development and management of water resources and for the delivery of water services Addressing linkages across sectors Covers broad spectrum from total lack of water institutions to fragmented structures to highly effective governing mechanisms Governance encompasses political, administrative, social and economic domains along with the formal and informal systems and mechanisms involved

9 Water Governance at FAO Addressing the linkages, boundary conditions and interfaces between agriculture water and related key sectors and elements such as food, land, energy, natural resources, societal goals, and major drivers of change. Moving the scale of intervention from management to governance of water for agriculture, and pointing to the underlying issues that management approaches alone cannot solve. Addressing governance issues of access, rights and tenure from the perspective of sustainability, inclusiveness and efficiency.

10 Water governance in river basins and watersheds

11 The Syr Darya Basin

12 Regional Water Scarcity Initiative in the Near East and North Africa Major drivers Population growth (+ consumption patterns) Climate change Per capita freshwater availability Has decreased by 2/3 over last 40 years Is expected to decrease up to 50% further by 2050

13 Regional Water Scarcity Initiative in the Near East The Context and North Africa 1. Strategic planning & policies 2. Strengthening/reforming governance at all levels 3. Improving water management efficiency and productivity in major agricultural systems and in the food chain 4. Managing the water supply through reuse and recycling of unconventional waters 5. Climate change adaptation 6. Building sustainability, with focus on groundwater, pollution and soil salinity 7. Benchmarking, monitoring and reporting on water use efficiency and productivity.

14 Water tenure

15 Governance of irrigation

16 Enhanced resilience through synergetic solutions: Water Storage Source: Water Storage Continuum by McCartney & Smakhtin, 2010

17 Constructed wetlands in reservoirs Acknowledgements: Meynell, P-J. IWMI.

18 Governance of water for pollution control and water quality management Nepal Dumping of waste in rivers Excessive use of pesticides and agro-chemicals causing eutrophication Water-borne diseases (diarrhea, intestinal worms, typhoid) as major health issue Peru Major water quality issues from mining, agriculture and untreated wastewater Diarrhea is the second cause of death in children under eight

19 Putting food security at the centre of the international water debate

20 Cross-Sectoral Work in Practice Awareness raising is spreading Knowledge base expanding Analytic tools being developed Increasing evidence of engagement across sectors, particularly private sector? Policy formulation still predominantly sector based? Planning systems mainly fragmented

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