Space for Sustainable Urban Development

Transcription

1 Space for Sustainable Urban Development European Space Agency MENA Urbanization Knowledge Platform 2014 May Marseilles ource: 1 Medsea Night s Sky, Astronaut photograph ISS025-E-9858 acquired October 28, 2010, on board the International Space tation.

2 The ESA Earth Observation Satellite Fleet Meteorological Missions Copernicus: "Sentinel" Missions "Earth Explorer" Missions 2

3 Global impact of human enterprise on our planet Growth Demography Global Changes 3 Source: adapted from Johan Rockstrom, by PPM 3

4 Global Risks as seen by WEF 4 4 Source: World Economic Forum (WEF), Global Risks Ninth Edition, 2014

5 Integrated Observing System Multi variate, multi sensors, multi purposes, observing system for climate 5 Source: Adrian Simmons (Global Climate Observing System),

6 Obs - Foundation of Science & Services Climate House WITH Observations Guidance / Knowled Information service Science Assessmen In-situ & Space data 6 Adapted from DiploFoundation Climate Change Building

7 Obs - Foundation of Science & Services Climate House WITHOUT Observations If you cannot measure it, You cannot improve it,.. Lord Kelvin ( ) Courtesy Marco, ESA 7

8 The Great Geophysical Experiment 8 Source: Michael Buchwitz, IUP, University of Bremen, Schneising et al.,

9 Global Sea Level Rise from altimetry 9 9 Source CLS, ESA CCI

10 Monitoring Ice Thickness with ESA Cryosat 10 Source: Planetary Visions/CPOM/UCL/ESA 1

11 Growing EO use in Numerical Weather Prediction 11 Source: ECMWF 1

12 Predicting Extreme Events 12 Source: ECMWF 1

13 Human Footprint of Agriculture... Tropical Forest Agriculture Mato Mato Grosso, Grosso, Brasilia Brasilia Landsat data USGS, animation Vista Landsat data USGS, animation Vista

14 Mato Grosso, Brasilia 14 Landsat data USGS, animation Vista Human Footprint of Agriculture Already, we have cleared or converted more than 35 percent of the earth s ice-free land surface for agriculture, whether for croplands, pastures or rangelands. Since the last ice age, nothing has been more disruptive to the planet s ecosystems than agriculture. Jonathan Foley, Uni Minessota 201 1

15 Global Framework for Monitoring Agriculture Global Framework for monitoring of agriculture and limit volatility. EO from space has a key role to play. ESA is developing EO products to quantify food insecurity risks. 15 Source: G-20, GEO-GLAM 1

16 Volatility of commodoties Global food prices are increasingly volatile due to climate extremes, which alter global production patterns and exacerbate hunger in poorer countries. About 44M people driven into poverty by rising food prices in the second half of 2010 (World Bank). 16 Source: IMF (index of Mundi) on Wheat Monthly Crop Prices 1

17 Soil Moisture & water-induced food insecurity Improved Soil Moisture monitoring from space enables identification of dry conditions to support appropriate actions to avoid food insecurity. 17 Source: Maxime Trompier (ESA) 1

18 From local to regional and global impact 18 Source: Envisat/SCHIAMACHY NO2 concentration, courtesy IUP. 1

19 Mega-Cities, Mega-Pollution 19 Source: Global Urban Footprint, DLR, based on TerraSAR-X; ESA / DLR, Source: ESA Dragon, NASCC.

20 EO based NO 2 emissions South Africa OMI, 2009 Mijling and van der A KNMI, 2012 vanadium mine atimba power plant Majuba power plant Sasol company oil from coal 20 Source: Prof. dr. P.F. Levelt, 2 KNMI & TUD, 2013

21 Dynamic Picture of Urban environment & stress 21 2

22 Urban Mapping: EC DG-Regio Urban Atlas Bucharest Copenhagen Part of the local component of the Copernicus land monitoring services 305 cities for the reference year thematic classes (CLC) MMU: 0.25 ha urban, 1.00 ha other Corine Land Cover vs Urban Atlas 22

23 Mega-Cities Manila, 1975 Manila, 1990 Manila, 2000 Manila, Source: Global Urban Footprint, DLR, based on TerraSAR-X; ESA / DLR, Source: ESA Dragon, NASCC.

24 Population Distribution: Disaggregating Population Data EO-STAT service: "Sharpening" of census data using LU/LC information 24

25 Urban Risk: Flood Risk Assessment Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 25

26 Urban Risk: Land Motion Due to Water Extraction Jakarta, Indonesia ALOS PALSAR COSMO SkyMed Oct Apr

27 Urban Risk: Land Motion Due to Metro Line Construction Text 1 Jubilee Line, London Text

28 Copernicus an user-driven operational Integrated Observing System for our planet 28 2

29 Sentinel-1 - Copernicus Spectral bands: C-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (at GHz) Life time: 7 years design life time Orbit: Near-Polar sun-synchronous (dawn-dusk) orbit 698 km. Repeat Cycle: 12 d repeat cycle (1 sat), 6 d for constellation Target readiness for launched 3 Apr

30 Sentinel-1 First image Antarctica 30

31 Sentinel-1 First image Namibia 31

32 Sentinel-2 Target readiness for launch: ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use

33 Sentinel-2 S-2 workhorse for agriculture Source: 33 ESA, Benjamin Koetz, 3

34 Making the most of Big Data..of large volume, variety, complexity of EO data. The most common purpose of big data is to produce small data data informed 10 sep

35 Exploitation Platforms 35 3

36 EOWORLD, ESA/World Bank (2011) EO Service: Soil Sealing / Soil Loss New Delhi 1991 New Delhi New Delhi Ecosystems Forestry Urban Geohazards Maritime Climate

37 Exploitation Platform Platform for Urban Monitoring and Analysis (PUMA), World Bank 37 Ecosystems Forestry Urban Geohazards Maritime Climate

38 Thank You Contact: 38