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1 Studying the Effect of Soil Tem (the adulterous efficient, and integrated into a trap) Based on the Characteristics of the Maize Varieties in Astara Region Mohsen Piruch 1* and Ali Vahedi 1 1- Department of Agronomy and Plant breeding, Astara Branch, Islamic Azad University, Astara, Iran *Corresponding author Mohsen Piruch Abstract: Factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications and eight treatments in spring season 2013 Farm for a year at the University of Astara, on the northwest coast of the Caspian Sea to the effect of soil nutrition on two varieties of maize were conducted. The first factor (N) Four levels and includes four soil nutrition; N0 Without the use of chemical fertilizers and manure as a witness, N 1 : Provide all the essential elements of a complete fertilizer inputs recommended by the supplier. N 2 : Fusion method (half of nitrogen from chemical fertilizers and other sources of supply rotted manure). N 3 : Organic Material (supply all the nitrogen supply rotted manure.) The second factor (C) Consists two corn hybrids (single cross 704 and 604), respectively. 350, 150 and 200 kg per hectare, respectively, of urea, triple super phosphate and potassium sulphate was recommended. The amount of fertilizer was applied. Both should be on the highest of the leaf area index during the period of development of an organ was Tem conditions. Tem impact of integrated approach in the growth rate plant per unit area and time is better than the other methods in both hybrids maize. The amount of plant growth rate per unit area during the period for 704 was more than 604, respectively. In Tem integrated into the stage of flowering, which is based on the 704 and 604 respectively for the 35 and 30 grams per square meter on the dry matter production. Keywords: Corn, feed soil, manure, nitrogen, growth index. 1. Introduction Due to increasing growth in world population, food production must constantly "rise to the coordination of social and human food shortages in many parts of the world to be avoided (Fageria, 1992). The needs of modern society, is necessary to increase crop yield (Mazaheri et al., 2002). Therefore, the grains as well as other crops, planning is essential in order to increase production (Akbari et al, 2005). Corn one of those corn plants, the products promising to tackle the problem of hunger and malnutrition. (Lafit, 2003) one of the most amazing plants is in terms of energy storage and seed production. However, the high efficiency of energy production and storage of large amounts of grain depends on (Sprague, 1988). High yield potential of the crop to crop and most of its power at fixed energy per unit area, an important factor in the development of world culture (Repka, 1991). The common agricultural systems to maintain and enhance soil fertility mainly rely on chemical fertilizers. Dosage of three main elements (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the world has increased considerably in recent years. Nitrogen is the main bottleneck, especially in corn production arid and semi-arid (Larson and Hanway, 1977). For in these areas due to low rainfall, poor crop rotation, minimal vegetation and no animal fertilizers so on, low soil organic matter (Parasad and power, 1977). The increasingly recent concerns about the future of the environment and of the need to conserve were better living for generations are for the future. In recent Food and Agriculture Organization and the World (FAO), the development of integrated systems has been proposed (Malakouti, 2006). The NUE a lot on the type, amount, source, time and method of nitrogen fertilizer application depends on (Khademi et al, 1999). Supplied nitrogen consuming crops with organic material, nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency increases (Vanlauwe et al, 2001). Release of any material

2 or energy that can damage human health, natural resources and ecological systems, and to cause pollution of the environment (Attewell, 1993). Research indicates that they may be on their agriculture land of about 42% N 29 percent p2o5 and 57% k20 codes of securing the animal to eat. These helps achieve optimal product performance and efficiency in the use of fertilizers is also the adulterous to increase the efficiency of the (Lauer, 1975). Nitrogen plays a major role in the development and testing of a direct relation to plant growth and grain yield of maize has been proven (Kogbe and Adeiran, 2003; Costa et al, 2002) Nitrogen is important for tiller in cereals, grains. Weight seed increases (Below and Gentry, 1992). Materials and Methods The trial in the spring season 2013 Farm for a year at the University of the Star was adopted. The experiment was a factorial randomized complete block design with three replications and eight treatments was conducted. A factor of (N) Four surface soil consisting of feeding system, which included: N0 Without the use of chemical fertilizers and manure (control) N 1 : Provide all the essential elements of a complete fertilizer inputs recommended by the supplier. N 2 : Fusion method (half of nitrogen from chemical fertilizers and other sources of supply rotted manure). N 3 : Organic Material (supply all the nitrogen supply rotted manure). The second factor (C): Consists of two levels and two corn hybrids (single cross 704 and 604), respectively. Source of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, respectively, the chemical form of urea, triple superphosphate and potassium sulfate, respectively. Plot selected in the fall of 2,012 Burger with deep tillage by plow in spring 2013 was plowing. The first irrigation was done immediately after planting. Irrigated weekly intervals were at field capacity. During the experiment, two weeds were controlled by hand weeding. To determine the Changes in dry weight per unit area during the developmental period, once every 14 days to observe the marginalization of the cornea, 5 Plants from each plot were randomly selected and harvested. Also, measurements of the surface of the leaves, whole plant inside the casing of the laboratory special and push for and were taken in a period of 48 hours of a temperature of 75 C and then dry it with the exact balance of power will be distributed. To determine the results of Lai, Yi representation for the Dry weight changes during growth and development use Round of d. Note that to calculate the leaf area index, leaf area per plant and a total of ten plants from each plot were calculated as follows: 2 S 0 / ( L / W ) 0 / ( L / W ) r 2 0 / 98 ** In which S Each leaf surface, L and W The maximum length and width of the green leaf area of maize is determined after all the leaves, leaf area index in different experimental plots, respectively (Sobhani, 2000). Dry matter accumulation per unit area is related to crop growth rate (Crop Growht Rate) and is usually expressed in terms of grams per square meter per day (Gardner, 1985; Brown, 1984) by the following formula CGR Were calculated: CGR ( W2 W1 ) / SA( t2 t1 ) It W 1 And W 2 Dry weight of the plant at the beginning and end of the interval t 1 And t 2 And SA The surface soil samples from each sampling time is taken up by the plant. The plant samples from successive time intervals during the growing season, the pattern of plant growth in determine. After taking notes and arranging the data in Excel, the numeric values for each plot measuring program MSTATC (Nisser, 1989) were analyzed. The comparison using Duncan's multiple range tests were 5%. To draw graphs Excel 2003 was used. Results and Discussion Changes in leaf area index A major factor in determining the absorption of solar radiation, leaf area index, photosynthesis, and thus, the performance is (Duncan, 1975). Ike and Hanoi reported that a linear relationship between grain yield and LAI, Up to 3.3 = LAI In the middle there is a peak of (Eik and Hanway, 1966). Topknot of leaf growth stage or shortly thereafter

3 continues (Hanway, 1962). Ed the following reasons are the increase in grain yield and grain LAI from 3 to 5 g of Ed Based (the Eik and Hanway, 1966). Desirable to maximize the amount of leaf area index and net assimilation is necessary depends on light intensity and plant arrangement and does not depend only on LAI (Nichiporovic, 1960). 4-1: Change in leaf area index of corn hybrids under different methods of feeding 704 soil hybrids was obtained. The effect of The results showed that the chemical organic dietary supplement is combining feeding methods, organic synthesis and more of the chemical. The results of the there was a dispute. Most nutrition forms visible: organic leaf area index in terms of both 4-2: Change in leaf area index of corn hybrids under different methods of feeding 604 soil Rate) and is usually expressed in terms Trend growth rate (CGR) of grams per square meter per day the Dry matter accumulation per unit area is (Gardner, 1985; Brown, 1984). The related to crop growth rate (Crop Growht interval between successive samples of

4 the plant during the growing season, plant growth patterns can be accurately determined. Plant growth rate is usually lower in the early stages of growth, combined with the increase in flowering time is usually up to. To interpret the results obtained from different cultivars and the use of other operations management as well as in assessing the situation soil fertility, it is important to study plant growth rate (Fajeria et al., 1999). The growth rate of 51 grams per square meter per day plant in corn has also been reported (Williams, 1965). 4-3: Change in crop growth rate (CGR) 704 corn hybrids under different feeding methods on soil 4-4: Change in crop growth rate (CGR) 604 corn hybrids under different feeding methods on soil quality. Journal of Soil and Water Reference 1. Khademi, Z. M. Malakouti and M. Lotfollahi The optimal management of nitrogen in a wheat Volume 12, Issue Lafit, H. R Identify problems and maize production. Translated by Siyadat. S. P et al. Department of field in order to increase Agriculture. Office of Educational performance optimizes product Technology. 124 pages.

5 3. Mazaheri, D., Pouryousef, M., Ghanadha. M. R. and A. Bankeh Saz Effect of planting pattern and plant density on growth, physiological characteristics and grain yield of two maize hybrids. Journal of Construction Research. 56 and 57: Malakouti, M. J Sustainable agriculture and increase performance by optimizing fertilizer in. Publication of research, education and agricultural extension. 5. Attewell, P Graund pollution. Ecology, Geology, Engineering and Law. Published by E. and F. N., Spon. An Imorint of chapman and Hall, First edition. 6. Below, F. E., and Gentry, L. E Maize productirity as influenced by mixed nitrogen supplied before or after a thesis. Crop Sci 32: Brown, P. H., I. Cakmak and Q. Zhang From and function of zinc in plants. PP In: A. D., Robson (Ed) zinc in soils and palnts. Kluwer Academic publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. 8. Duncan, W. G Maize. PP In L. T. Evans (Ed). Crop physiology. Cambridge University press. London. 9. Eik, K. and J. J. Hanway Leaf area in relation to yield of corn. Agron. J. 58: Fageria, N.K. and V. C. Baligar Response of legumes and cereals to phosphorus in Solution culture.j.plant Nutr. 12: Gardner, F. P., pearce. R. B. and Mitchell, R. L Physiology of crop plants. Lowa state university press, USA. PP Hanway, J. J a. Corn growth and composition in relation to soil fertility: I. Growth of different plant Parts and relation between leaf weight and grain yield. Agron. J. 54: Kogbe, J. O. S., and Adediran, J. A Influence of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium application on the yield or maize in the savanna zone of Nigeria. African J. Bio. 2: Lauer, D. A Limitation of animal wasts replacement of inorganic fertizer. P In W. J. jewll Energy Agriculture and wast Management proc. Agr waste manage. Conf. Ann Arbor- Sci., Ann, Arbor, MI. 15. Nichiporovice, A. A Photosynthesis and the theory of obtaining high crop yield. Field Crop Abstr. 13: Parasad, R. and J. F. Power Soil fertility for sustainable agriculture. CRC. Press LTC, Australia. 17. Repka, J. and Dunk, J Energy efficiency of crop production using large scale technology. Rostlinna Vyroba. 34(10): In maize Abstract. 18. Sprague, C.F. and J.W. Dudley Corn and corn improvement, Third Edition., Madison, Wisconsin U.S.A. 19. Vanlauwe, B., K. Aihou and S. Aman Maize yield as affected by organic imputs and Urea in the West African moist Savanna. Agronomy. J. 93: Williams, W. A., R. S. Loomis, and C. R. Lepley Vegetative growth of corn as affected by population density. I I. components of growth, net assimilation rate and leaf- area index. Crop Sci. 5: