Evaluation of Influences of Drought Stress in Terminal Growth Duration on Yield and Yield Components of Different Spring Brassica oilseed Species

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1 American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., (3): , 20 ISSN IDOSI Publications, 20 Evaluation of Influences of Drought Stress in Terminal Growth Duration on Yield a Yield Components of Different Spring Brassica oilseed Species 2 Abdollah Youssefi, Artash Nshanian a Mehdi Azizi Armenian State Agrarian University 2 Razavi Khorasan Agricultural a Natural Resources Research Center, Mashhad, Iran Abract: This udy was coucted to inveigate influences of drought ress in terminal growth duration on yield a yield components of spring canola, which is an oil seed plant. The experiment was coucted in RCBD with three replicates a in two coitions including: drought ress a control with nine cultivars of three different species during two successive seasons a in Experimental farm of Razavi Khorasan Agricultural a Natural Resources Research Centre (Mashhad- Iran). The results of combined analysis of variances showed that drought ress final plant height, seed yield, number of seeds per pod a number of lateral branches was significantly affected uer water ress at % level a for number of pods per plant at 5% level, while the 000 seeds weight was not significant affected. Comparing cultivars average yield showed that Hyola 40, Hyola 330 of Brassica napus, respectively with a kg/ha had maximum seed yield. Whereas, Lurace a Bp. 8 of B. juncea with a kg/ha had minimum seed yield. In total, in this udy cultivars of B. napus showed more resiance to drought ress in terminal growth duration in comparing with cultivars of B. rapa a B. juncea a had more yield. Key words: Canola Oil seed Brassica Drought ress Yield a yield components INTRODUCTION Iran with 240 mm annually average rainfall lied on the dried a semidried area of the word. High Oil seeds are the seco source of food after cereals. evapotranspiration, water source limitation a other Canola, as an important oil crop in the world, it is rich of factors caused lots of limitation in crop production a oil a proteins in their seeds. Canola seeds content 40 to forced to udy effects of drought ress a selection of 42 percent of oil. Edible seeds of canola have more than resiant cultivars [8, 9]. 25% of protein [-3]. Based on FAO [4] canola is the third This udy was coucted with goal to evaluation of mo important source of oil seeds crop in the world after yield a yield components in different Spring Brassica soybean a palm oil. Inveigation on area of canola Oilseed species in drought ress coition based on cultivation at the world a Iran showed that area of agronomical a physiological traits to gain drought canola cultivation at the mo important countries for ress resiant cultivars. canola production increased to 9.9 million hectare from 965 to Increasing of cultivation a production of MATERIALS AND METHODS canola in developed countries had been higher than developing countries. In Iran in 2000 extension of canola This udy was coucted in experimental farm of cultivation has been based the main work of agricultural Razavi Khorasan Agricultural a Natural Resources miniry of Iran, so its cultivation improved. Research Centre (Mashhad- Iran) with Latitude: 36 6', Environmental resses specially drought ress in N a Longitude: 59 38', E. This experiment was the mo part of arid a semi arid area of the world, coucted in the form of RCBD with three replicates a limited yield of crop plants such as canola [5, 6]. in two coitions including: drought ress a control in Boyer (996) announced that role of physical a two successive years. chemical ress in the environment of plant growing is In this udy nine cold resiant spring canola 65% on yield reduction [7]. cultivars of three species including: Hyola 40, hyola 330, Correspoing Author: Abdollah Youssefi, Armenian State Agrarian University, Iran. 406

2 Am-Euras. J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., (3): , 20 RGS 003, Sarigol a Zarfam of Brassica napus species RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS a Goldrush a Parkla of Brassica rapa species a Larace a B.P 8 of Brassica juncea species. The combined analysis of variances (Table ) After field preparing each treatment including eight showed that drought ress affect on agronomical traits 30cm rows with 6m long, 3cm row spacing, with 93 including; plant height, seed yield, seed numbers per pod 2 plants/m was cultivated amounting to 4 kg/ha with seed a number of lateral branches was significant at P 0.0 planter trademark Winter eshniger. Irrigation was done in level a for number of pods per plant was significant at ress coition based on 0 mm evaporation a in P 0.05, while the 000 seeds weight was not significantly control coition based on 60mm evaporation with affected. Furrow irrigation a Hydrofix syem a regarding to The interaction between location x cultivar a the climate coition of the udy s place, drought ress location x year x cultivar were not significant, while year was coucted in the flowering duration a pod x cultivar a location x year were significant on seed formation. Data recording was done during of the different yield (P 0.0) (Table ). phenological ages of canola cultivars. After Means comparison of simple effects (Table 2) physiological maturation, with marginal omit, crop was showed drought ress reduced the measured traits harveed a yield a yield component was determined. (with the exception of 000 seeds weight). As, means Then, data was analyzed by atiical softwares a comparison of seed yield at non-ress coition was combined analysis of variances kg/ha a 24.3 kg/ha uer ress coitions. Table : Summery of combined analysis of yield a yield components (for 2years) Mean square of traits Number of lateral S.O.V df Plant height Seed yield 000 seeds weight Seeds no per pod Pods no. per plant branches per plant Location ** ** ns 46.54** * 42.29** Year ** ** ** ** ** 5.48* Location xyear ** ** ns 65.85** ns 7.59ns Block x (Location x Year) ns ns * 25.32ns ns 2.95ns Cultivar ** ** 3.85** ** ** 9.48** Location xcultivar ns ns 0.227ns 9.70ns ns 4.2ns Year x Cultivar ** ** ns 63.5* ns 3.4ns Location x Year x Cultivar ns ns ns 58.84* ns 4.05ns Error CV (%) Table 2: Means comparison of simple effects (of year, place a cultivar) yield a yield components by Duncan,s te at 5% level (for 2years) Plant Seed 000 seed Seed no. Pod no. Number of lateral Main effects height (cm) yield (kg.ha ) weight (g) Per pod Per Plant branches per plant Plaece 30.64b 24.3b 2.99a 6.28b 49.b 4.0b a a 2.9a 20.2a 77.28a 6.39a Year 54.72a a 2.8a 22.6a 26.77a 4.87a b 957.7b 3.2a 3.87b 09.6b 5.62a Cultivars Hyola e a 3.26ab 22.58a 65.76bc 4.92bc Hyola de a 3.45a 2.67a 66.0bc 5.2bc RGS cde b 3.26ab 22.05a 65.74bc 4.55c Sarigol 35.5cd b 2.8bc 8.78a 39.96c 5.6bc Zarfam 50.0ab c 3.30a 22.32a 8.67c 3.87c Goldrash 40.6bc bc 3.66a 8.99a 20.c 4.65c Parkla 40.87bc 958.3d 2.74c 4.7b 36.97c 6.2ab Larace 48.06ab 547.2e 2.03d 2.74b 29.7ab 6.5a B.P a 630.5e 2.20d 0.9b a 6.23ab 407

3 Am-Euras. J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., (3): , 20 Table 3: Means comparison of year * cultivar interactions for yield a yield components by Duncan,s te at 5%level (for 2years) Means of traits Plant Seed 000 seed Seeds no Pods no. Number of lateral height (cm) yield (kg.ha ) weight (g) per pod per plant branches per plant Cultivars Year Year 2 Year Year 2 Year Year 2 Year Year 2 Year Year 2 Year Year 2 Hyola d-f 08.63g a c-e 2.86c-e 3.66ab 30.44a 4.73d-g 228.0bc 03.5f 4.6bcd 5.bcd Hyola d-g 24.5e-g ab cd 3.37a-d 3.53a-c 23.44a-c 9.90c-e 25.05cd 6.95ef 4.83bcd 5.4bcd RGS cd 2.63fg b-d c-e 3.6b-d 3.36a-d 29.6ab 4.93d-g 22.88cd 8.58ef 4.66bcd 4.45bcd Sarigol 47.50cd 23.52e-g bc c-e 2.70d-f 2.93b-e 22.44b-d 5.3d-g 60.50c-f 9.4ef 4.6cd 6.6abc Zarfam 69.2ab 30.86d-f c-g c-g 2.95b-e 3.66ab 28.94ab 5.70cd-g 60.72c-f 76.6f 4.27bcd 3.46d Goldrash 49.6cd 3.5d-f c-f c-e 3.400a-d 3.93a 23.55a-c 4.43d-g 4077c-f 99.4f 4.5bcd 4.8bcd Parkla 59.6bc 22.58e-g 890.3c-g e-g 2.8c-e 2.66d-f 7.38c-f 0.96fg 99.83c-e 74.f 6.05abc 6.35ab Larace 77.50ab 8.63e-g 34.7 fg 52.7 fg 2.00f 2.06f 5.00d-g 0.48fg ab 35.3d-f 5.6abc 7.4a B.P a 35.5de 66.7d-g g 2.08f 2.33ef 3.22e-g 8.60g a 42.70c-f 5.05bcd 7.4a Table 4: Means comparison (of place* cultivar interactions) for yield a yield components by Duncan's te at 5% level (for 2years) Mean of traits Plant Seed 000 seed Seeds no. Pods no. Number of lateral height (cm) yield ( kg.ha ) weight (g) per pod per plant branches per plant Cuitivars Place Place 2 Place Place 2 Place Place 2 Place Place 2 Place Place 2 Place Place 2 Hyola f 29.8b-f b-e 3686.a 3.3a-c 3.2a-c 20.38ab 24.78a 79.37a-c 52.4bc 3.98d-g 5.86b-d Hyola ef 34.08a-f b-d ab 3.35a-c 3.55a 9.04a-c 24.30a 43.4bc 88.86a-c 4.7c-g 5.53b-e RGS d-f 37.48a-f c-e a-c 3.45ab 3.08a-d 8.0a-c 26.08a 42.70bc 88.76a-c 3.42e-g 5.79b-e Sarigol 26.48c-f 44.53a-f 2. c-f a-c 2.98a-d 2.65b-f 8.05a-c 9.52a-c 08.37bc 7.54a-c 3.74e-g 6.58a-c Zarfam 39.2a-f 60.8ab c-f c-f 3.36a-c 3.25a-c 20.45ab 24.8a 95.65c 4.68bc 3.4g 4.6c-g Goldrash 35.05a-f 45.26a-e 73.9 d-g a-c 3.63a 3.70a 7.47a-c 20.5ab 4.5bc 26.03bc 3.94d-g 5.35c-f Parkla b-f 5.76a-d 229. gf c-f 2.90a-e 2.58c-f 0.8bc 7.54a-c 56.57bc 7.37c 4.26d-g 8.3a Larace 39.48a-f 56.65a-c 904. g e-g.88f 2.8ef 2.87bc 2.6bc 20.5a-c ab 5.63b-e 7.37ab B.P a-d 64.36a g d-g 2.06f 2.34d-f 9.45c 2.36bc 9.72a-c 279.8a 4.05d-g 8.42a Table 5: Means comparison of place * year interaction yield a yield components by Duncan,s te at 5% level (for 2years) Mean of traits Plant Seed 000 seeds Seed no. Pod no. Number of lateral Interaction effects height (cm) yield (kgha ) weight (g) per pod per plant branches per plant PxY 5.67a ab b 8.27b a 3.98c PxY2 09.6c b a 4.30c 93.5b 4.2c P2xY 57.78a c ab 26.97a a 5.75b P2xY b a 3.04ab 3.45c 26.06b 7.04a P: Stress Location P2: Control Location Y: Year Y2: Year 2 408

4 Am-Euras. J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., (3): , 20 Reasons of this difference uer drought ress coition may be due to the reduction of soil moiure orage, pod no per plant, seeds per pod, number of lateral branches a plant height. These reduction caused shorten of flowering period, non-fertilization of some flowers a reduction of photosynthetic resources [0-2]. In the 2 year, the reduction of measured traits was higher than year. In other words, year effect on measured traits was significant (Tables, 2). Rate of precipitation of 2 year was 65.5% lower than year. Effect of cultivar was significant (P 0.0). Means comparison of simple effects (Table 2) showed that Hyola 40, Hyola 330 from B. napus species had the highe seed yield equal to a kg/ha, respectively. Larace a B.p8 cultivars as B. juncea species had the lowe seed yield (547.2a kg/ha, respectively). Leaf area duration, longer flowering period a seed formation, more 000 seed weight, highe number of seed per pod a higher productivity potential at different climate of B. napus cultivars than B. juncea a B. rapa cultivars are the main causes for higher seed yield of B. napus cultivars. These results are compatible with other udies reported by [3, 3, 5]. Means comparison of year*cultivars showed (Table 3) that seed yield of Hyola 40 a Larace in year with a 34.7 kg/ha had higher a lower seed yield, respectively. However, in 2 year Hyola 330 with kg/ha a BP.8 with kg/ha had higher a lower seed yield respectively. Seed yield a other cultivar s yield component in 2 year in comparison with year showed reduction. Such reduction may be due to decrease of precipitation a increase of temperature at the terminal growth duration in the 2 year. The interaction between location x cultivar (Table 4) a location x year (Table 5) also showed decrease of seed yield a yield component uer ress coition in comparison with control. Similar results were reported by [3, 3, 6]. Based on this udy s results, cultivars of B. napus are more compatible a have more production potential than cultivars of two other species (B. rapa a B. juncea) for climate coition of uer udy region. Although, we sugge more udies by using other different genotypes in regions that comfort with drought ress to fi a introduce productive cultivars that are resiant to drought ress. REFERENCES. Sovero, M., 997. Rapeseed, a new crop for the United States. New crop resource on line program Internet: new crop/ proceeding 993/V2-302.html. Access: 6 May Raegar, M.A., Agronomy of Iurial Plants. Brahman Publication, Tehran, pp: Ward, J.T., W.D. Basford, J.H. Hawkins a J.M. Holiday, 200. Oilseed Rape. British Library Cataloging in Publication Data. 4. Food a Agriculture Organization (F.A.O), Crop Production Statiics, docrep/ 00/ah 864e/ ah864eoo.htm. 5. Serrano, R., J.M. Mulet, G. Rios, J.A. Marquez, I.F. De Larriona, M.P. Leube, I. Meizabal, A. Pascual- Ahuir, M. Proft, R. Ros a C. Montesinos, 999. A glimpse of the mechanisms of ion homeoasis during salt ress. J. Exp. Bot., 50: Sabaghpour, S.H., National Committee of Agricultural Aridity a Drought Management. Pub. Miniry of Jihad. E. Agriculture Agronomy Deputy. 7. Boyer, J.S., 996. Advances in drought tolerance in plants. Adv. in Agron., 86: Sarmadnia, G. a A. Kocheki, 989. Crops Plant Physiology. Jahad daneshghahi of Masshad Press. 9. Meham, N.J. a P.A. Salisbury, 995. Physiology, Crop, Development, growth a yield of Brassica oilseeds. CAB International, pp: Gan, Y., S.S. Malhi, S. Brat, F. Katepa-Mupowa a H.R. Kutcherm, Brassica juncea canola in the northern great plains: responses to diverse environments a nitrogen fertilization. Agron. J., 99: Sinaki, J.M., E. Majidi Heravan, A.H. Shirani Rad, G. Noormohamadi a G. Zarei, The effects of water deficit during growth ages of canola (Brassica napus). American-Eurasian. J. Agric. Environ. Sci., 2(4): Naseri, M., M. Khalat bari, H. Zahedi, F. Pak nejad a H.R. Tohidi moghadam, Evaluation of micro a macro Elements in Drought ress coition in cultivars of Rape seed (Brassica napus). Am. J. Agric. Biol. Sci., 3(3): Shiravi Rad, A., Inveigation of canola Varietie`s Tolerance to different levels of drought ress. Results of Research on development of canola farming in Initute of Breeding a Preparing of Plant a Seed, pp:

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