Market Food Security and Nutrition Analysis Unit - Somalia

Transcription

1 P.O. Box 123 Village Market, Nairobi, Kenya tel: 4--4 fax:4--4 FSNAU is managed by FAO The boundaries and names on these maps do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. The regional & District boundaries reflect those endorsed by the Government of the Republic of Somalia in Market Food Security and Nutrition Analysis Unit - Somalia January 17 Upate (Issued February 21, 17) Highlights Inflation: SoSh (Somali shilling)-using areas: Consumer Index (CPI) generally exhibits increases (2-11%) in most of the SoSh using areas in December 16 and January 17 month-on-month due to increase in red sorghum prices. The CPI increased sharply compared to a year ago essentially for the same reason. SISh (Somaliland shilling)-using areas: The CPI increased (7%) in December 16 but mildly (3%) declined in January 17 month-on-month. Compared to one year ago, CPI increased in both December 16 (11%) and Jaunary 17 (8%) due to increase in cereal (red sorghum) and imported items prices over the past 12 months. Exchange rate: SoSh-using areas: The exchange rates between SoSh and the United States Dollar (USD) indicated relative stability or marginal (1-3%) monthly depreciation of SoSh (Jan 17 average 24,817) against USD in most regions. The SoSh shows annual depreciation across SoSh-using areas. SISh-using areas: The SISh depreciated (%) against the USD in December 16 but remained relatively stable in January 16 month-on-month. Compared to one year ago, the SlSh depreciated against USD in both December 16 and January 17. Local grain prices either remained relatively stable or changed at mild rates in central and northern regions while southern regions recorded mild to moderate increases month-on-month in both December 16 and January 17. The increases in local grain prices is attributable to decline in cereal supply as a result of poor post Deyr 16 cereal harvest. Annual comparison indicates higher prices for local grains in all regions of the country in both December 16 and January 17 with the highest increase being recorded in Bakool (72% for December; 6% for January) attributable to reduced supply due to poor Deyr 16 cereal production. s of imported food (rice, sugar, vegetable oil, wheat flour) mostly exhibited relative stability or mild monthly changes (+/-%) in local currency terms in December 16 and January 17. Year-on-year comparison indicates mild to moderate price increases in most regions of the country for most of the food imports in December 16 and January 17. Livestock prices mostly exhibited declines in most regions of the country month-on-month in both December 16 and January 17 due to below average pasture and water availability which has deteriorated livestock body conditions. Milk prices (camel and cattle) generally exhibited monthly increases in most regions of the country reflecting reduced availability. Compared to a year ago, livestock prices were significantly lower across the country in December 16 and January 17 attributable to deteriorated livestock body conditions and seasonal reduction in demand. On the other hand, milk prices (camel and cattle) increased from moderate to high levels annually in most regions of the country in December 16 and January 17. Labor (unskilled) wages either remained relatively stable or changed mildly (+/-%) month-on-month in most of the northern and central regions while labour wages in southern regions generally exhibited declines in December 16 and January 17 due to reduced agricultural labor opportunities in the surrounding rural areas as a result of poor Deyr 16 rainfall performance. Annual comparison exhibited mixed trend patterns; specifically, rates either remained relatively stable or changed mildly (by less than %) in northern and central regions; the rates declined moderately (11-22%) in southern regions year-on-year as a result of reduced agricultural activities due to poor Deyr 16 harvest. (ToT) between daily labor wage and local cereals either remained stable month-on-month or declined (by 1-kg of cereals/daily labor wage) in most parts of the country with largest decline (kg of cereal/daily labor wage) being recorded in Mogadishu (Bakara market) in December 16 and January 17. The monthly declines in ToT between daily labor wage and local cereals can be attributed to increase in cereal prices and/or decrease in labor wage rates. Similarly, ToT between local quality goat and cereals declined in most regions of the country month-on-month as a result of increase in cereal prices and/or decline in local quality goat prices. Annual comparison indicates the ToTs are lower across the country due to declines in labor wage rates and goat prices and/or increase in local grain prices compared to a year ago (Dec /Jan 16). DJIBOUTI Zeilac Awdal Borama Woq. Galbeed Burao Tog-Wajaale Hargeisa Togdheer Abudwaq Erigabo Sanag Lasanod Bossaso Dusa Mareb Galgadud El Barde Belet Weyne Haradhere Bakol Dolo Hudur Hiran Aden Yabal El Der Luuq Belet Xawo Gedo Baidoa M. Shabelle El Waq Qansah Dere Monitored Market Jowhar Dinsor Bay Wanle Weyne Bardera Market Catchment Afgoye Qoryoley Banadir Central Merka L. Shabelle Juba Valley Buale Juba Hagar North East Doobley Jilib Afmadow North West Jamame Shabelle Valley Kismayo Sorghum belt Food Security and Nutrition Analysis Unit - Somalia Sool Galkayo Mudug Garowe Nugal Bari Major Road Regional Boundary Towns Affected by Trade Disruption (Bulo Burto, Wajid, Hudur and Diinsor) Labor (unskilled) wages either remained relatively stable or declined (11-16%) in siege affected markets month-on-month in December 16 and January 17. Annual comparison indicates declines in all the markets. (ToTs) between daily labor wage and local cereals and between local quality goat and cereals declined both month-on-month and yearon-year in December 16 and January 17 in all the markets due to increase in cereal prices and decrease in labor wage rates and goat prices. Local grain (red and white sorghum) prices increased in all the markets month-on-month. Similarly, compared to a year ago, local grain prices in all the markets increased substantially in all the markets. s of imported food items (rice, sugar, vegetable oil, wheat flour) have changed at mild rates for most of the food imports in all the siege affected markets in December 16 and January 17 month-on-month. Annual comparison indicates higher prices for most of the food imports in all the markets. This Market Update is a monthly report that presents analysis of market information and is produced regularly as part of the monthly monitoring process. The weekly price data is collected from 48 main markets and 1 rural markets throughout Somalia since 199.Market analysis is an integral part of all of FSNAU s annual food security projections and seasonal technical reports (Technical Reports on FSNAU Post Gu and Post Deyr Analysis). Detailed market data are available online on

2 National Trends: CPI, Exchange Rates, Cereal s and Relative Purchasing Power Table 1: ToT betwen Daily Wage Rate and Cereals (kg) by Region December 16 Regions December 16 (kg) November 16 kg change from December December yr (11 - ) Banadir/Mogadishu Bay Bakool Gedo -4-6 Juba Shabelle Northwest 11 3 Northeast 8 1 Central 1 Table 2: ToT betwen Daily Wage Rate and Cereals (kg) by Region January 16 Regions January 17 (kg) December 16 kg change from January 16 January yr (12-16) Banadir/Mogadishu Bay Bakool Gedo -6-7 Juba Shabelle Northwest 11 3 Northeast Central 1 Figure 1: Wheat s: Mogadishu and Bossaso Markets Bossaso Mogadishu 13, per Kg 11, 9, Source: FSNAU Manfest Monitoring System Figure 2: Between Wage Rates and Selected Cereals Figure 3: ly Exchange Rate for Selected Regions (SoSh and SlSh to USD) Kg Cereal per Daily Wage Rate TOT to Sorghum (Sorghum Belt) TOT to Maize (Juba & Shabelle) TOT to Rice (NW) SoSh per US Dollar 3, 3,, Baidoa(SoSh) Bosasso(SoSh) Galkayo(SoSh) Mogadishu(SoSh) Hargeisa(SlSh) 8, 7, 7, 6, SlSh per US Dollar,, January February March April May June July August September October November December January, Figure 4: ly Trends in Consumer Index (CPI, March 7=) Figure : ly Trends in Local Cereal s 4 3 CPI Central CPI North(Sosh) CPI North(SlSh) CPI South CPI somalia (SoShs) 39, 3 33, Juba Valley(White Maize 1 kg) NE (Red Sorghum 1 kg) Central(Red Sorghum 1 kg) Shabelle Valley(White Maize 1 kg) SorghumBelt(Red Sorghum 1 kg) NW (White Sorghum 1 kg) 1 CPI 3 per Kg (SoSH) 3, 27, 24, 21, 1 per Kg (SLSH) 9, 4, 3, 2, 2

3 Regional analysis: Juba Regions -Year (12-16) Nominal Real Same Year -year avrg (12-16) Imported Commodities s Diesel 1 litre 27,26 23,94,938 21,94 8,881 3% -6% -% Imported Red Rice 1kg 17,4, 17,37,688 6,4 -% 3% -8% Petrol 1 litre 29,292 27,94 22,96,31,311 9% -8% -% Sugar 18,62,6 19,438 18,469 7,82 -% 18% -1% Vegetable Oil 1 litre 3,41 29,36 29,469 29,87 12,326 1% 2% -16% Wheat Flour 1kg 16,14 14,87 18,219 16,688 6,841-8% 12% 3% Wheat Grain 1kg Cereal s Red Sorghum 1kg 7,9,7 8,417 3,41-21% % 6% White Maize 1kg 8,84 8,471 9,922,71 4,297 7% % 23% Livestock & Livestock Product s Camel Local Quality (Head) 9,783,738 11,9, 9,646,87 7,2,6 3,1,34 -% -38% -26% Cattle Local Quality (Head) 3,886,928 3,342,143 2,64,167 2,27, 944,42-13% -32% -42% Fresh Camel Milk 1 litre 17,732 18,281 16,94,63 6,16-6% -18% -% Goat Export Quality (Head) 1,36,396 1,242,813 96, ,87 3,939 -% -38% -43% Goat Local Quality (Head) 886, , ,188 27, ,169 -% -34% -41% Charcoal kg 86,638 89,31 81,46 79,63 32,784-3% -12% -9% Cowpeas 1 kg 23,863 21,688 23,719 23,31 9,687-1% 8% -1% Unskilled Labor Wage Rate 8,914 96,781 84,63 92, 38,373 9% -4% 8% Firewood Bundle 8,369 7,39 6,641 6,719 2,69 1% -9% -% Local Sesame Oil 1 litre 73,27 64,,6 2,781 21,83 4% -18% -28% Exchange Rate (Somali Shilling per USD) 22,72 22,9 23,1 23,288 9,86 1% 2% 6% Wage (Daily) / Cereal (Maize (Kg) % -18% -% Local Goat (Head) / Cereal (Maize (Kg) % -47% -3% Indices Consumer Index % 19% - Figure 6: Trends in Cereal s Figure 7: Trends in Wage Rates and Relative Purchasing Power /Cereal TOT, 8, 6,, Figure 8: Imported Commodity s Compared to Exchange Rate Figure 9: Goat Local Quality 6,, per Unit (SoSh) Figure : Exchange Rate Figure 11: Water Drum ( litres) 3

4 Regional analysis: Sorghum Belt Regions (Bay, Bakool, Gedo and Hiran) -Year (12-16) Nominal Real Same Year -year avrg (12-16) Imported Commodities s Diesel 1 litre 3,9 27,63 23,667 23, 9,69 % -13% -24% Imported Red Rice 1kg 19,41 18,8 19,37 19,3 7,948 % 6% 2% Petrol 1 litre 3,79 28,771 27,7 28,133 11,61 1% -2% -8% Sugar,976 18,37 23,333 23, 9,8-1% 26% % Vegetable Oil 1 litre 39,71 3,48 38,167 37,33,11-2% 6% -% Wheat Flour 1kg 17,92 17,813 18,313 18,333 7, % 3% 4% Wheat Grain 1kg,3 23,333 21,8 18,4 7,63 -% -21% % Cereal s Red Sorghum 1kg 7,177 7,718 11,643 11,71 4,787 1% 2% 64% White Maize 1kg 8,43 9,8 11,18 11,88 4,843 3% 32% 41% Livestock & Livestock Product s Camel Local Quality (Head) 12,38, 12,7, 9,32, 8,7 3,641,79-6% -27% -29% Cattle Local Quality (Head) 3,711,78 3,47, 2,21,34 2,224,286 9,28-12% -36% -4% Fresh Camel Milk 1 litre 18,861 17,48 21,64 22, 9,133 3% 27% 18% Goat Export Quality (Head) 1,29,238 1,434,91 1,234,318 1,178,4 49,22 -% -18% -23% Goat Local Quality (Head) 97,476 87,78 629,792 72, 238, -9% -29% -41% Charcoal kg 141, ,7 142,4 136,99 6,843-4% -% -3% Cowpeas 1 kg 21,34 19,46 27,63 3,283 12,49 % 6% 41% Unskilled Labor Wage Rate 99,4 3,84 8, 83,333 34,6-2% -% -16% Firewood Bundle 6,339 6,146,792,8 2,333 1% -% -8% Local Sesame Oil 1 litre 76,3 67,813 77,222 79,111 32,84 2% 17% 4% Exchange Rate (Somali Shilling per USD) 22,2 22,648 24,183 24,83,1 2% 9% 11% Wage (Daily)/ Cereal (Sorghum(Kg) % -46% -46% Local Goat (Head)/ Cereal (Sorghum(Kg) % -3% -64% Indices Consumer Index % 19% - Figure 12: Trends in Cereal s Figure 13:Trends in Wage Rates and Relative Purchasing Power, 1 1 Gedo Cereal (Red Sorghum) Bay Cereal (Red Sorghum) Bakool Cereal (Red Sorghum) Hiraan Cereal (White Sorghum) 1 1,, 8, 6, /Cereal TOT Relative Purchasing power wage to cereal (Kg/daily Wage) 4, 2,, Figure 14: Imported Commodity s Compared to Exchange Rate Figure : Goat Local Quality per Unit (SoSh) 6,, Figure 16: Exchange Rate Figure 17: Water Drum ( litres) 4

5 Regional analysis: Shabelle Regions -Year (12-16) Nominal Real Same Year -year avrg (12-16) Imported Commodities s Diesel 1 litre 26,716 21,292 17,333 17,98 7,369 4% -16% -33% Imported Red Rice 1kg 16,683,167 17,83 17,87 7,33 2% 18% 7% Petrol 1 litre 29,38 27, 21,42,917 8,6-3% -23% -29% Sugar 18,333,667,37,83 8,461 1% 31% 12% Vegetable Oil 1 litre 29,9, 29,78 29,98 12,36 1% 17% % Wheat Flour 1kg 16,37 16,167 16, 6,69 1% 8% -1% Wheat Grain 1kg 16,433 17, 17, 1 7,387 6% 3% % Cereal s Red Sorghum 1kg,34 9,136 9,764,724 4,36 % 17% 4% White Maize 1kg 6,639,977 7,97 9,97 4,47 % 67% % Livestock & Livestock Product s Camel Local Quality (Head) 17,411,6 19,29, 14,6, 13,93,,79,766-4% -28% -% Cattle Local Quality (Head),332,3 4,917, 3,718, 3,177, 1,321,491 -% -3% -4% Fresh Camel Milk 1 litre 18,641 19,333 18,917 19, 7,83 % -2% 2% Goat Export Quality (Head) 1,844,7 1,778,1 1,69,37 1,,6 624,42 -% -16% -19% Goat Local Quality (Head) 1,289, 1,267,83 1,13,833 1,91, 43,774-4% -14% -% Charcoal kg 13,199,97 127,14 1,167 49,88 -% -23% -8% Cowpeas 1 kg 19,7 16,369 22,87 24,792,212 8% 1% 27% Unskilled Labor Wage Rate 72,74 73,98 63,333 6,8 24,942 -% -19% -16% Firewood Bundle 6,4 6,83,333, 1,98-6% -18% -22% Local Sesame Oil 1 litre 9,898 4,6 46,37 2,42 21,73 13% 29% -12% Exchange Rate (Somali Shilling per USD) 22,398 22,64 23,933 24,67 9,9 1% 6% 7% Wage (Daily)/ Cereal (Maize(Kg) % -% -4% Local Goat (Head)/ Cereal (Maize(Kg) % -49% -4% Indices Consumer Index % 19% - Figure 18: Trends in Cereal s Figure 19: Trends in Wage Rates and Relative Purchasing Power Cereal (Maize) 1,, /Cereal TOT 4, 2, 8, 6,, Relative purchasing power wage to cereal (kg/daily wage) Figure : Imported Commodity s Compared to Exchange Rate Figure 21: Goat Local Quality per Unit (SoSh) 6,, Figure 22: Exchange Rate Figure 23: Water Drum ( litres)

6 Regional analysis: Banadir Region -Year (12-16) Nominal Real Same Year -year avrg (12-16) Imported Commodities s Diesel 1 litre 21,367,667 12,233 4,988-13% -22% -43% Imported Red Rice 1kg 13,741 12,167 12, 12,3,16 % 1% -% Petrol 1 litre 23,441 19,7 1 17,67 6,999 7% -14% -27% Sugar, 13,,917 16,3 6,68 2% 23% % Vegetable Oil 1 litre 27,224 22,83 21,98 22, 9,8 2% 2% -17% Wheat Flour 1kg 12,416 12,167 12,167 12, 4,974 % % -2% Wheat Grain 1kg 8,98 11, 11,87 13,4,473 13% 19% % Cereal s Red Sorghum 1kg 6,73 6,6 9,617 11,4 4,492 % 67% 68% White Maize 1kg 7,781 6,17 8,9,97 4,436 22% 67% 4% Livestock & Livestock Product s Camel Local Quality (Head) 11,, Cattle Local Quality (Head) 3,, Fresh Camel Milk 1 litre 21,48 24,667 26,83 26,333,82 1% 7% 23% Goat Export Quality (Head) 2,237, 2,, 2,1, 1, 673,693-24% - -28% Goat Local Quality (Head) 1,9, 1,6, 1,, 96, 399,18-36% -4% -% Charcoal kg 183,383 19,833 18, ,333 72,49-3% -9% -% Cowpeas 1 kg 17,81,7 23,98 27,373 11,28 14% 74% 4% Unskilled Labor Wage Rate 111, ,167 92, 79, 32,78 -% -36% -29% Firewood Bundle 7,383 7, 7, 7, 3,19 % % 2% Local Sesame Oil 1 litre 64,133 64, 4,,8 21,29 26% -21% -21% Exchange Rate (Somali Shilling per USD) 22,8 22,71 23,68 23,667 9,744 % % 7% Wage (Daily)/ Cereal (Maize(Kg) % -63% -% Local Goat (Head)/ Cereal (Maize(Kg) % -64% -6% Indices Consumer Index % 19% - Figure 24: Trends in Cereal s Figure : Bakara: Trends in Wage Rates and Relative Purchasing Power 2, 3, 1 1 4, Cereal (Maize), 18, 16, 1 1,, 8, 6, /Cereal TOT 3 Relative purchasing power wage to cereal (kg/daily wage) 2,, Figure 26: Imported Commodity s Compared to Exchange Rate Figure 27: Goat Local Quality per Unit (SoSh) 6,, Figure 28: Exchange Rate Figure 29: Wheat Flour 6

7 Regional analysis: Central Regions -Year (12-16) Nominal Real Same Year -year avrg (12-16) Imported Commodities s Diesel 1 litre 27,39 21,7 19,9, 8,497 3% -6% -% Imported Red Rice 1kg,18 17, 18,8 17,7 7,313-6% 3% -12% Petrol 1 litre,67 23,9 23, 24,46,133 4% 2% -% Sugar 21,96 18,4 23, 24,1 9,991 4% 31% % Vegetable Oil 1 litre 42,69 3, 36,8 39, 16,3 6% 11% -8% Wheat Flour 1kg 17,8,7,9,8 6,31 % 1% -7% Wheat Grain 1kg,64 16,87 18,83,83 8,32 8% 19% 29% Cereal s Red Sorghum 1kg 12,, 14,4 13,,339 -% 24% 8% White Maize 1kg 12,9 12,7 17, 17, 7,117 1% 36% 34% Livestock & Livestock Product s Camel Local Quality (Head),73,7 13, 9,, 8,, 3,43,19-11% -4% -23% Cattle Local Quality (Head) 2,4, Fresh Camel Milk 1 litre 29,66 3, 34,4 36,3,87 % 19% 23% Goat Export Quality (Head) 1,38 1,27, 1,493,7 1,, 627,42 % 18% 8% Goat Local Quality (Head) 991, , 644, 269,329-11% -29% -3% Charcoal kg 174,33 162, 166, 173, 72,487 4% 7% % Cowpeas 1 kg 22,96 21, 28,9 38,6 16,32 33% 82% 68% Unskilled Labor Wage Rate 86,3 92, 9 9 4,63 % 4% 11% Firewood Bundle 34,8 33, 34,7 34,7 14,438 % % 2% Local Sesame Oil 1 litre 88,3 87, 76,8 8,8 33,7 % -7% -8% Exchange Rate (Somali Shilling per USD) 22,723 23,2,9 26,,987 2% 14% 17% Wage (Daily)/ Cereal (Rice(Kg) 4 - % % % Local Goat (Head)/ Cereal (Rice(Kg) % -32% -28% Camel (Head)/Cereal (Kg) % -41% -17% Indices Consumer Index % 29% - 3, 3,,,, Figure 3: Trends in Cereal s Cereal (Rice) Figure 31: Trends in wage rates and relative purchasing power 1,, 8, 6,, /Cereal TOT Relative purchasing power wage to cereal (kg/daily wage) Figure 32: Imported Commodity s Compared to Exchange Rate Figure 33: Goat Local Quality 8, 6,, per Unit (SoSh) Figure 34: Exchange Rate Figure 3: Water Drum ( litres) 7

8 Regional analysis: Northeast Regions -Year (12-16) Nominal Real Same Year -year avrg (12-16) Imported Commodities s Diesel 1 litre 23,644 17,37 16,464 16,3,846-1% -6% -31% Imported Red Rice 1kg 18,7,914 16,821 16,64,934-2% 4% -9% Petrol 1 litre 23,449 21,7 19,67 19,914 7,4 2% -8% -% Sugar 21,377 17,679 22,143 21,914 7,882-1% 24% 3% Vegetable Oil 1 litre 39,8 32,36 33, 33,329 12,4 1% 4% -16% Wheat Flour 1kg 17,82,393 16,286,979,7-2% 4% -6% Wheat Grain 1kg 28,2 29,8 31, 3,7 11,9-1% 3% 8% Cereal s Red Sorghum 1kg 21, 23,7,,4 9,2 % 7% 18% White Maize 1kg 19,4 22, 27, 28,,281 6% 3% 46% Livestock & Livestock Product s Camel Local Quality (Head) 14,9, 14,6 11,8, 11,6, 4,243,478-1% -% -22% Cattle Local Quality (Head) 8,4, 9,1,,7,,4, 1,966,88-6% -41% -33% Fresh Camel Milk 1 litre 34,2 36,71,133 6,7,31 2% 3% 64% Goat Export Quality (Head) 1,342, 1,237, 1,122, 1,182, 43,4 % -4% -12% Goat Local Quality (Head) 1,319,8 1,191,71 1,49, 1,46, ,68 % -12% -21% Charcoal kg 367,18 346,786 44, , ,21-18% % -1% Cowpeas 1 kg 41,766 37,792 38,292 38,17 13,93 1% 2% -8% Unskilled Labor Wage Rate 131,13 13, , 136,429 49,9-1% % 4% Firewood Bundle 3,682 33,87 34,36 3,786 12,93 % 6% % Local Sesame Oil 1 litre 98,377, 94,3 96,6 3, 2% -4% -2% Exchange Rate (Somali Shilling per USD) 22,133 21,43 24,786 24,714 8,92 % % 12% Wage (Daily)/ Cereal (Rice(Kg) % -11% 14% Local Goat (Head)/ Cereal (Rice(Kg) % -16% -14% Indices Consumer Index % 19% - Figure 36: Trends in Cereal s Figure 37: Trends in Wage Rates and Relative Purchasing Power 3, Cereal (Rice) 1,,, 1,, 8, 6, /Cereal TOT Relative purchasing power wage to cereal (kg/daily wage), Figure 38: Imported Commodity s Compared to Exchange Rate Figure 39: Goat Local Quality per Unit (SoSh) 8, 6,, Figure 4: Exchange Rate Figure 41: Water Drum ( litres) 8

9 Regional analysis: Northwest Regions -Year (12-16) Nominal Real Same Year -year avrg (12-16) Imported Commodities s Diesel 1 litre 6,33 4,8 4,87,4 3,818 11% 12% -% Imported Red Rice 1kg,174,14,4, 3,99 % 8% 7% Petrol 1 litre 7,97 6, 6,46 6,7 4,746 4% 3% -% Sugar,924, 6,39 6,87 4,816 7% 23% % Vegetable Oil 1 litre 12,178 11, 13,3 14,3,228 8% 24% 17% Wheat Flour 1kg 4,487 4,4 4,7 4,14 3,16-4% -1% 1% Wheat Grain 1kg 3,4 4,3 4,344 4, 2,97-2% -2% 24% Cereal s White Sorghum 1kg 3,641 3,66 4,4 4,4 3,114 1% 22% 22% Yellow Maize 1kg 3,86 4,,3, 3,11-6% 11% 3% Livestock & Livestock Product s Camel Local Quality (Head) 3,476,633 4,86, 3,624,167 4,2, 2,926,888 12% -12% 17% Cattle Local Quality (Head) 1,94,816 2,6,667 2,27,167 2,34,833 1,69,67 3% 4% 21% Fresh Camel Milk 1 litre 6,91 8,6 9,6,7 7,664 12% % 76% Goat Export Quality (Head) 419,346 4,6 373,281 46, ,276 9% -3% -3% Goat Local Quality (Head) 324, , ,99 2,24-2% -17% -4% Charcoal kg 2,6 8,9 68, 6,4 4,672-17% -4% 7% Cowpeas 1 kg,687 12, 13,,12 4% 14% 31% Unskilled Labor Wage Rate 4,6 8,3 6,7 63,6 4,836 % 9% 41% Firewood Bundle 3,76 4,833, 4,833 3,391 -% % 29% Local Sesame Oil 1 litre 29,948 33, 33,188 33,7 24,277 2% 2% 13% Exchange Rate (Somaliland Shilling per USD) 6,624 6,8 7,97 8,,689 1% 18% 21% Wage (Daily)/ Cereal (Rice(Kg) % % 38% Local Goat (Head)/ Cereal (Rice(Kg) % -24% -% Indices Consumer Index % 8% - Figure 42: Trends in Cereal s Figure 43: Trends in Wage Rates and Relative Purchasing Power 7, Cereal (Rice) 7, 6, /Cereal TOT 6,, SLSH, 4, 3, 2, SLSH, 4, 3, 3,,, Relative purchasing power wage to cereal (kg/daily wage) 1,, Figure 44: Imported Commodity s Compared to Exchange Rate Figure 4: Goat Local Quality per Unit (SLSh) SlSh 4, 2, SOMALILAND SHILLINGS PER DOLLAR Figure 46: Exchange Rate Figure 47: Water Drum ( litres) 9

10 Trends in Livestock Exports Table 1: Berbera Livestock Exports (Number of Heads) Shoats Cattle , Camel , Figure 48: Berbera Livestock Exports (Number of Heads) Number of Heads 3,6, 3,4, 3,, 3,, 2,8, 2,6, 2,4, 2,, 2,, 1,8, 1,6, 1,4, 1,, 1,, 8, 6, 4,, Camel Cattle Shoats YEAR Table 2: Bossaso Livestock Exports (Number of Heads) Shoats Cattle , Camel Figure 49: Bossaso Livestock Exports (Number of Heads) Number of Heads 3,6, 3,4, 3,, 3,, 2,8, 2,6, 2,4, 2,, 2,, 1,8, 1,6, 1,4, 1,, 1,, 8, 6, 4,, Camel Cattle Shoats YEAR

11 Trends in Cereal Imports Table 3: Total Cereal Imports through Berbera, Bossaso and Mogadishu Ports (Tonnes) * * 14 * 16* Rice 63,464 7,687 74, ,6 18, ,67,17 198,1 166, ,7 171, ,4 272, ,9 17,868 17,888 19, Wheat flour,176 78, 134,4 128, ,442 1, 169,83 178,34 176, ,8 24, ,8 8, , ,8 284,23 318, Pasta 8,44 11,71 26,72 3,4 29,273 38,749 39,3 2,8 41,331 38,441 86,372 2, , , , ,91, * Elman (Mogadishu) is up to November. Mogadishu data (Elmaan Port) for 13 includes only January - March imports. Figure : Total Cereal Imports (Berbera, Bossaso and Mogadishu) 4, 3, Rice Wheat flour Pasta 3, Tonnes,,,,, Year Technical Partners FSNAU Funding Agencies 11