MOST funded research:

Transcription

1 MOST funded research: Gardening, Intercropping, Winter crop and ICM Nguyen Van Dinh*, Pham Thi Huong*, Vu Thanh Hai*, Nguyen Dinh Vinh*, Nguyen Thi Kim Oanh*, Nguyen Van Vien*, Le Thi Thuy**, and Luong Thi Hong* *Hanoi University of Agriculture ** National Institute of Animal Sciences

2 Introduction Research methods Results and Discussions Recommendations

3 Introduction In the 1 phase ( ) the Most co-funding project obtained good results on: Cultivation of mango, covering crops, application of GIS in land use, solar drying crop products (Đào Châu Thu, 2003). Based on request from Sonla DOST, Yenchau Ext. Center, main site of UPLANDS program 6 research topics were conducted in Objective: Development and application appropriate agricultural technologies to sustainable land use and rural development, contributing to more effective cultivation activities and improvement of livelihood of farmers in Yenchau district, Sonla province. - New crop/animal varieties - Cultivation, plant protection, veterinary-husbandry technologies (densities, fertilizers, bagging fruits ) suitable to local condition.

4 4 research topics N1. Development of model of intensive cultivation of mango and grape fruit gardens with high economic efficiency and sustainability, leaded by Dr. Pham Thi Huong (HAU) (A1; B4; B.5; C4; D6) N2. Development of models of intercrop, cover crops, improving barren hills, leaded by Dr. Nguyen Dinh Vinh (HAU) (A1; B4; C4) N3. Winter crop models, leaded by MSc. Vu Thanh Hai (HAU) (A1; B4; B5; C4, D6) N4. Application of Integrated Crop Management (ICM) on rice, leaded by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Thi Kim Oanh (HAU) (A1; B4; B5; C4; E6)

5 Research methods - Survey: PRA, Questionnaire, Farmer Field School (FFS) - Experiments: development, cultivation, yield, productivities, fertilizers, densities, mortality as manual of Vietnam standards (TCVN, 2003 ), others. - Facilities of UPLANDS in exp. of fish, pigs and mango, HUA, NIAH - Consultation of experts of UPLANDS, local institutions - Research site: Yenchau district, 270 km from Hanoi, the capital

6 Typical topography of Yenchau

7 Paddy field in Valley of Yªn Ch u district High lands Soil Erosion in slopping fields

8 Slopping cultivation of H m«ng ethnic Yªn Ch u district Paddy rice field of Th i ethnic Yªn Ch u district

9 Farmer Field School

10 Results and Discussions N1. Development of model of intensive cultivation of mango and grape fruit gardens with high economic efficiency and sustainability in Yen Chau district, Son La province, leaded by Dr. Pham Thi Huong (HAU) (A1; B4; B.5; C4; D6)

11 Code N1.1. Selection mango trees Real productivities (kg/tree) Avera ge Glucos a (%) Vit. C (mg/10 0g) Quality Axit (%) Tast T , ,1 13,00 14,29 0,128 Sweet T , ,5 14,50 12,86 0,126 Sweet T , ,2 11,25 10,71 0,256 Sweet T , ,5 12,80 19,28 0,127 Sweet H , ,8 13,34 0,71 0,094 Sweet H , ,4 11,23 7,86 0,067 Sweet H , ,1 9,66 10,0 0,091 Sweet

12 Fruit sets of Xoai tron and Xoai hoi

13 Impact of pruning, bagging to the yield of mango, 2007 ST T Chỉ tiêu 1 Tỉ lệ cây/cành thu ra hoa vụ đông xuân Số quả trên chùm (sau tàn hoa 45 ngày) 3 Tỉ lệ đậu quả (45 ngày sau tàn hoa) Đơn vị tính % 100/10 0 CT1 CT2 CT3 CT4 100/ / /1 00 Quả/chùm 1,65 5,50 1,87 4,52 % 9,3 25,1 10,8 23,1 4 Khối lượng quả Gram 142,3a 174,0 b 242,1a 282,2b 5 Năng suất lý thuyết Kg/cây 38,4a 120,6b 55,8a 158,9b 6 Năng suất thực thu * Kg/cây 12,1a 25,4 b 15,1a 36,5b 7 Tỷ lệ quả bị bệnh % , ,4 8 Tỷ lệ quả bị ruồi đục quả châm 9 Mã quả khi thu hoạch Điểm tối đa = 10 % 85,5 0 75,5 0 4,9 8,5 4,5 8,8

14 Pre-harvest bagging of mango fruit in 1.5cm diameter by cement bag or magazine paper

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16 N1.2. Dien pomalo Development, flowering, fruit set in first 4 years Chỉ tiêu theo dõi Cây 2 tuổi (2008) Cây 3 tuổi (2007) Cây 4 tuổi (2008) Tỉ lệ cây ra hoa (%) Thời gian xuất hiện hoa 15/2-25/2 10/2-20/2 15/2-28/2 Thời gian hoa nở rộ 10/3-17/3 28/2-15/3 10/3-25/3 Tổng số hoa /cây (-) (-) 817,3 Tỉ lệ hoa dị hình (%) (-) (-) 4,4 Tỉ lệ đậu quả hữu hiệu (%) (-) (-) 2,4 Số quả /cây (tính đến 10/8/2008) 4,0 8,5 17,2

17 Đã trồng 400 cây bưởi: - Phát triển tốt - Hiệu quả cao (BC của Trạm KN Yên châu,, 2012)

18 N1.2. Introduction of grape fruit (Dien pomelo)

19 Remarks Selected 4 typical mango trees of Tron and 3 trees of Hoi at Tu Nang commune for potential multiplication. Post-harvest pruning of the neglected mango orchards in combination with application of fertilizers and pest control promoted Autumn shoots growth and reduced pest infection of these shoots. Consequently, these resulted in an increase in fruit yield times and net profit 3-6 times compared to the controls of both Tron and Hoi cultivars. Pre-harvest bagging of mango fruit in 1.5cm diameter by cement bag or magazine paper could improve significantly fruit external quality due to preventing mango fruits from pest infection. Dien pomelo grew well in Yen Chau district of Son La province. In second year, 20% of trees set fruits and in third year trees born plenty of flowers (817.3 flowers/tree) and good fruit set (17.2 fruits/tree)

20 N2. Development of models of intercrop, cover crops, improving barren hills in Yen Chau district, Son La province, leaded by Dr. Nguyen Dinh Vinh (HAU) (A1; B4; C4) Intercroping with Mondo grass Ophiopogon japanicus * In two year, total soil washed reduced by 10-15% compared to maize monoculture

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22 Remarks Intercroping Ghine grass, Mondo grass Ophiopogon japanicus Thunb in maize, mango gardens could increase the covering 50-60% compared to maize monoculture, reducing soils washed off by 10-15% New finding: Mondo grass Ophiopogon japanicus Thunb. a good medicinal plant and erosion protection plant (2009: ABD fund project on this plant).

23 N3.1. Winter crop models, leaded by MSc. Vu Thanh Hai (HAU) (A1; B4; B5; C4, D6) - Wax gourd

24 Yield component of 4 varieties wax gourd Varieties Weight (kg/fruit ) Length (cm) Diamete r (cm) Yield (t/ha) Real yield (tones/ ha) * % increa sed to contro l 1 F1W35 0,8 17,6 9,1 30,4 21,2bc 5,9 2 Bí Sặt 0,9 34,6 6,7 34,1 23,2ab 15,7 3 ĐV2003 0,9 33,7 6,3 32,2 24,3a 21,1 4 Bí Đá 0,8 26,6 9,5 30,3 20,4c - *CV% = 4,79; P < 0,05; LSD0,05 = 2,13 ton/ha. In a column different letter means significantly different at p=0.05

25 Impact of fertilizer (N) Công thức Khối lượng ruột và vỏ quả (kg/quả) Khối lượng thịt (kg/quả) Tỷ lệ thịt quả (%) * Độ dày thịt quả (cm) Độ brix (%) 1 0 kgn/ha 0,76 0,86 53,1c 1,59 2, kgn/ha 0,63 1,07 62,9ab 1,60 2, kgn/ha 0, kgn/ha 0, kgn/ha 0,67 1,10 1,35 1,09 60,1bc 67,6a 61,9ab 1,52 2,60 1,72 2,73 1,61 2,63 *CV% = 5,55; P < 0,05; LSD0,05 = 6,40%. Cùng chữ trong cột là không sai khác có ý nghĩa

26 N3.2 Intensification of - garlic

27 Yield of 4 garlic varieties Variety weight (g/plant) Weight of bulb (g/bulb) Real yield (tones/ha) 1 Local 28,6 13,9 8,0b 2 Vannam 27,0 15,8 7,8b 3 Hibrid1 32,6 16,8 11,8a 4 White chinese #CV% = 4,39%; P < 0,05; LSD 0,05 = 2,375 tons/ha. In a column different letter means significantly different at P=0.05

28 Impact of fertilizer (N) to yield of local garlic Công thức Khối lượng cây (g/cây) Khối lượng củ khô (g/củ) Năng suất thực thu (tấn/ha)* Năng suất lý thuyết (tấn/ha) 1 0 kgn/ha 19,3 9,5 4,8d 7, kgn/ha 20,3 10,8 6,8bc 7, kgn/ha 19,8 11,1 6,2c 7,4 120 kgn/ha 22,1 11,7 8,2a 8,3 140 kgn/ha 25,0 13,3 7,4ab 9,4 NS: Sai khác không có ý nghĩa *CV% = 6,51%; P < 0,05; LSD 0,05 = 0,81 tấn/ha. Cùng chữ trong cột là không sai khác có ý nghĩa

29 Remarks Sat wax gourd showed more advantages over 3 other cultivars in terms of high yield ( 38.0 tones/ha) and pulp proportion when being applied nitrogen rate of 120 kg/ha and 70 cm x 50 cm plant spacing at Yen Chau district. In case of non-tillage and non-irrigation at Yen Chau district, local garlic could be grown well when garlic beds were covered with rice straw and applied nitrogen rate of 120 kg/ha. Net profit of Sat wax gourd and local garlic were and million dong/ha, respectively, (2-3.5 times) higher than that of rice.

30 N4. Application of Integrated Crop Management (ICM) on rice, leaded by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Thi Kim Oanh (A1; B4; B5; C4; E6) 8 Mật độ (con/m 2 ) Năm 2006 Năm /3 23/3 6/4 20/4 4/5 Vụ Xuân 18/5 1/6 9/6 14/8 28/8 11/9 Vụ Mùa 25/9 9/10 23/10 Ngày điều tra Rice leaf folder (Cnaphalocrosis medinalis) density at Vienglan

31 Field experiment on planting density at Vienglan, Yenchau, hills/m 2 50 hills/m 2

32 Remarks: - Identified 4 main pests and diseases of rice in Yenchau - ICM fields reduced times spraying and productivities remained unchanged. - Among 4 rice varieties, VL24 gave highest productivities and Te 64 was lowest - Effectiveness of rice production according to the ICM technologies is 28 % higher compared to the control.

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34 Báo cáo kết quả Kiểm tra đề tài TẠI Yên Châu 6/2008

35 Recommendation Special attention of the extension center of Yenchau on 7 potential multiplication mango trees in Tunang commune as well as development of Dien pomelo in the district ICM of rice, cultivation technologies of Winter crop (garlic, vax gourd) were easily adopted to Yenchau condition Mondo grass showed potential to become a promising plant for soil erosion protection and medical plant

36 Thank you!