Journal of Crop Nutrition Science ISSN: (Print) (Online) Vol. 4, No. 3,

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1 Journl of Crop Nutrition Siene ISSN: (Print) (Online) Vol. 4, No. 3, OPEN ACCESS Response of Seed Yield, Its Components nd Lef Are Index of Spring Corn to Consume Vermiompost nd Iron Nno fertilizer Njmeh Rzmndeh 1, Seed Zkernejd* 2, Khoshnz Pyndeh 3 1- Ms. Grduted, Deprtment of Agronomy, Ahvz rnh, Islmi Azd University, Ahvz, Irn. 2- Deprtment of Agronomy, Ahvz rnh, Islmi Azd University, Ahvz, Irn. 3- Deprtment of Soil Siene, Ahvz rnh, Islmi Azd University, Ahvz, Irn. RESEARCH ARTICLE ARTICLE INFO. Reeived Dte: 3 Jun. 218 Reeived in revised form: 31 Jul. 218 Aepted Dte: 3 Sep. 218 Aville online: 29 Sep IAUAHZ Pulisher All Rights Reserved. To Cite This Artile: Njmeh Rzmndeh, Seed Zkernejd, Khoshnz Pyndeh. Response of Seed Yield, Its Components nd Lef Are Index of Spring Corn to Consume Vermiompost nd Iron Nno fertilizer. J. Crop. Nutr. Si., 4(3): 3-42, 218. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Orgni frming hs emerged s importnt priority re glolly in view of growing demnd for sfe nd helthy food nd long term sustinility nd onerns on environmentl pollution ssoited with indisriminte use of grohemils. Nno fertilizers n e esily sored y rops nd my exhiit prolonged effetive durtion of nutrient supply in soil/rop ompred to the onventionl fertilizers. OBJECTIVES: Evlute effet of different level of vermiompost nd Nno iron fertilizer on seed yield, its omponents nd lef re index. METHODS: Current reserh ws rried out vi split plot experiment sed on rndomized omplete loks design with three replitions long 218 yer Min plot inluded three level of vermiompost (V : nonuse of vermiompost or ontrol, V 1 : 5 t.h - 1 vermiompost, V 2 : 1 t.h -1 vermiompost) ws onsumed t plnting stge. Also suplots onsisted four level of Nno iron fertilizer (F : Nonuse of Nno iron fertilizer or ontrol, F 1 :.2 L.h -1, F 2 :.4 L.h -1 nd F 3 :.6 L.h -1 Nno iron fertilizer) ws used t 3 to 4 leves stge. RESULT: Aording result of nlysis of vrine effet of different level of vermiompost nd Nno iron fertilizer on ll mesured trits ws signifint t 1% proility level lso intertion effet of tretments (insted iologi yield) ws signifint t 5% proility level. Men omprison result of intertion effet of tretments indited the mximum mount of numer of rows per er (2), numer of seed per row (49), 1 seeds weight (545 gr), seed yield (6 gr.m -2 ), iologil yield (1939 gr.m - 2 ), hrvest index (3%) nd lef re index (5.81) elonged to 1 t.h -1 vermiompost with.6 L.h -1 iron Nno fertilizer, lso lowest mount of mesured trits ws for nonuse of vermiompost nd iron Nno fertilizer or ontrol tretments. CONCLUSION: Consume 1 t.h -1 vermiompost with.6 L.h -1 iron Nno fertilizer led to hieve highest mount of yield, its omponents, hrvest index nd lef re index nd n e dvie to frmers. KEYWORDS: Ze mys, Orgni frming, Miro elements. *Corresponding Author: Seed Zkernejd Zkernezhd48@yhoo.om

2 Rzmndeh et l, Response of Seed Yield, Its Components nd Lef Are Index BACKGROUND Corn is one of the importnt rops of erel fmily with short growing period nd high yield. Corn is high expettion plnts nd lso is onsidered strtegi rop for Irn ountry (Ghzvineh nd Yousefi, 212). On the other hnd, soil fertility is n importnt ftor, whih determines the growth of plnt. Soil fertility is determined y the presene or sene of nutrients i.e. mro nd mironutrients, whih re required in minute quntities for plnt growth (Zyed et l., 211). Mize is the third most importnt erel grin worldwide fter whet nd rie. It is referred to s the erel of the future for its vlule nutritionl fts in humn diet (Enyisi et l., 214). Annul prodution of erels in 214 ws more thn 2.4 illion tons. The 872 million tons of erel prodution ws mize prodution. Aording to the reports, Irn s shre of world mize prodution is only1.25 million tons (FAO, 214). Suitle nd useful usge of different kind of fertilizers is the min wy for reformtion nd potentil of soil fertility nd inresing of rops yield (Tlei, 212). Addition of fertilizers to supplement the nturl soil fertility is essentil for modern rop prodution, nd preise mngement of nutrient elements is essentil for sustinle griulture prodution (Brker nd Pilem, 26). In developing ountries, different griulturl orgni wstes re reted fter hrvest, whih n e onverted to vermiompost or ompost nd pplied to the soil s orgni fertilizers to inrese soil fertility nd redue the pplition of hemil fertilizer. This not only helps to redue environmentl pollution ut lso etter nutrient yling nd sustinility of griulturl systems. Compost nd vermiompost re orgni fertilizers ontining vrious plnt nutrients tht eome ville to plnts fter miroil deomposition. The nutritionl vlue of these orgni fertilizers depends to lrge extent on the type nd nture of the rw mterils used to produe those (Atiyeh et l., 2). Worms Composting of orgni wstes would inrese the vilility of nutrients within the orgni wstes, will inreses photosynthesis (hlorophyll nd pigments) nd plnt iomss. In n experiment the pplition of vermiompost inresed the mounts of nthoynin nd flvonoids in plnts (Joshi et l., 214). In severl studies, the importne of orgni wstes in the preprtion of ompost nd vermiompost nd the role of these orgni fertilizers in sustinle griulture nd the growth, yield nd mro- nd mironutrient ontent of plnts hve een disussed (Hernndez et l., 215). The high humi id ontent of the vermiompost uses plnts to produe more phenoli ompounds whih mke them s nutrient heltor (Bevqul nd Mellm, 1993). Aording to the results of Stnhov nd Mitov (22), lso vermiompost hd signifint effet on the numer of leves per plnt nd lef re index. The effet of vermiompost on plnt growth depends on the soure of orgni mterils used for vermiompost preprtion nd its nutrient ontent (Ndi nd Golhin, 211). The effet of vermiompost on plnt growth is signifint nd inreses the growth potentil, yield nd yield omponents of different plnts (Atiyeh et l., 2). Vermiompost, long with hemil fertilizers, improves the usefulness of lowenergy elements nd their sorption in plnts ompred with the use of hemil fertilizers lone (Jin nd Ahmd, 217). Eh plnt needs to ertin fertilizers ording to its needs nd soil nlyze results. Also miroelements re the ritil elements for plnts; however,

3 Journl of Crop Nutrition Siene, 4(3): 3-42, Septemer miroelements ply the importnt role in rop produtivity where it is used in low rte. Optimum plnt nutrition nd mximum yield is hieved when nutrient elements re ville for plnt during the growing seson (Mlkooti nd Ttei, 1998). Orgni frming hs emerged s n importnt priority re glolly in view of the growing demnd for sfe nd helthy food nd long term sustinility nd onerns on environmentl pollution ssoited with indisriminte use of grohemils. Though the use of hemil inputs in griulture is inevitle to meet the growing demnd for food in world, there re opportunities in seleted rops nd nihe res where orgni prodution n e enourged to tpe the domesti export mrket (Venktsh-Wrlu, 28). Mterils tht re smller thn 1 nm, t lest in one dimension, re generlly lssified s Nno-mterils. Applitions of this new tehnology hve een found in griulture, nd Nnotehnologies re lredy pplied to prodution, proessing, storge, pking nd trnsporttion of griulturl produts (Wiesner et l., 26). Nnotehnology is the developing tehnology during reent yers nd operting in ll fields of griulture. Nno mironutrients fertilizers stnd out s one of the most useful mterils, due to their high effiieny, funtionlities, onvenient nd esy pplitions (Jnmohmdi et l., 216). Nno-formulted fertilizers n relese nutrients more slowly in oopertion with other fertilizers whih my led to improvement of nutrient use effiieny. Applition of Nnofertilizers my improve soluility nd dispersion of insolule nutrients in soil, redue nutrient immoiliztion nd inrese io-vilility (Nderi nd Dnesh-Shhrki, 213). Mny prolems in different fields of siene nd industry hve een solved using Nnotehnologies (Sott nd Chen, 23), whih re urrently used for prodution, proessing nd pplition of Nnosle omplexes. Nno-fertilizers n e more effiient, deresing soil pollution nd other environmentl risks tht my our when using hemil fertilizers (Nderi et l., 211). One of the dvntges of using Nno-fertilizers is tht pplition n e done in smller mounts thn when using ommon fertilizers (Surmnin et l., 215). Nno-fertilizers n e esily sored y rops nd my exhiit prolonged effetive durtion of nutrient supply in soil/ rop ompred to the onventionl fertilizers (Rmeshih nd Jpllvi, 215). Zhng et l. (26) investigted the effets of slow/ontrolled relese fertilizers emented nd oted y nnomteril on rop. It ws found tht these Nno omposites were sfe for whet seed germintion, emergene nd growth of seedlings nd they n provide regulted, responsive nd on time delivery of nutrients to plnts. Also severl studies show tht exogenous pplition of some nnoprtile n signifintly improve plnt growth (Song et l., 213). In the lst few yers, some reserhers tried to exmine the potentil of nnotehnology to improve fertilizer use effiieny. These efforts led to design nd development of Nnofertilizer. Nno-tehnology-sed fertilizers ould e more solule or more retive thn their ulk ounterprts (Nir et l., 21; De Ros et l., 21). Mironutrient defiieny n gretly distur plnt yield nd qulity, nd the helth of domesti nimls nd humns (Welh, 23). The role of miroelements in mintining lned plnt physiology is eoming lerer every dy s result of studies on their retions nd the disturnes used y their defiieny. Mironutrients re essentil elements for life (Mlkouti,

4 Rzmndeh et l, Response of Seed Yield, Its Components nd Lef Are Index 33 28). Mironutrients lso ply key roles in the relese of ron dioxide, nd in optimizing the funtion of vitmin A nd the immune system (Mrshner, 1995). 2. OBJECTIVES This reserh ws onduted to evlute effet of different level of vermiompost nd Nno iron fertilizer on seed yield, its omponents nd lef re index. 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS 3.1. Field nd Tretments Informtion Current reserh ws rried out vi split plot experiment sed on rndomized omplete loks design with three replitions long 218 yer in reserh frm of Islmi Azd University of Ahvz Brnh. Ple of reserh ws loted in Vis ity t longitude 48 4'E nd ltitude 31 2'N in Khuzestn provine (Southwest of Irn). Min plot inluded three level of vermiompost (V : nonuse of vermiompost or ontrol, V 1 : 5 t.h -1 vermiompost, V 2 : 1 t.h -1 vermiompost) ws onsumed t plnting stge. Also suplots onsisted four level of Nno iron fertilizer (F : Nonuse of Nno iron fertilizer or ontrol, F 1 :.2 L.h -1, F 2 :.4 L.h -1 nd F 3 :.6 L.h -1 Nno iron fertilizer) ws used t 3 to 4 leves stge Frm Mngement Eh su plot inluded the six plnting lines with length of 5 m. The distne etween row nd seed on the row were 75 nd 18 m respetively. Irrigtion proess ws done every 3 or 4 dys nd fter the plnt estlishment it ws done every 7 to 1 dys if neessry. The weeds ushes were ontrolled vi Cruise heriide y 2 L.h -1 t 4-to-5- lef stge nd Krkrown pestiide used y 1 L.h -1 ginst lef nd stem orer lrve Mesured Trits The finl hrvest re of eh plot ws 1.5 m 2. Seed yield, its omponents nd LAI were estimted fter physiologil mturity. After seprting seed from seleted plnts nd weighing them, seed yield ws lulted sed on 14% moisture. To estimte 1 seed weigh, 1 smples of seed ontining 1 seed were seprted nd mens ws lulted. The numer of seed per unit re ws otined from numer of plnts per unit re (m 2 ) nd numer of seed per er. To lulte numer of rows per er, from eh plot, 1 rows were rndomly seleted nd its numer ws ounted nd men ws onsidered s this ttriute. Hrvest index (HI) ws lulted ording to formul of Grdener et l. (1985) s follows: Equ.1. HI= (Seed yield / Biologi yield) 1. LAI (lef re index): After seprting leves, t flowering stge leves re ws mesured in the smples y using the lef re meter, model IM Sttistil Anlysis Anlysis of vrine nd men omprisons were done vi MSTAT-C softwre nd Dunn multiple rnge test t 5% proility level. 4. RESULT AND DISCUSSION 4.1. Numer of Row per Er Aording result of ANOVA effet of different level of vermiompost nd Nno iron fertilizer on numer of row per er ws signifint t 1% proility level lso intertion effet of tretments ws signifint t 5% proility level (Tle 1). Men omprison result of intertion effet of tretments reveled mximum numer of row per er (2) ws noted for 1 t.h -1 vermiompost with.6 L.h -1 iron Nno fertilizer nd the lowest one (11) elonged to nonuse vermiompost with.2 L.h -1 iron Nno fertilizer (Fig. 1).

5 Journl of Crop Nutrition Siene, 4(3): 3-42, Septemer Tle 1. Result nlysis of vrine of vermiompost nd iron nno fertilizer on mesured trits Numer of Numer of 1 seeds Seed S.O.V. df rows per er seed per row weight yield Replition Vermiompost (V) Error I Iron nno Fertilizer (I) V*I Error II CV (%) ns ** **.972 * ns ** ** * ns ** ** * ns, * nd ** : no signifint, signifint t 5% nd 1% of proility level, respetively ns ** ** * S.O.V. Replition df 2 Continue Tle 1. Biologil yield ns Hrvest index Lef re index.116 ns Vermiompost (V) ** ** ** Error I Iron nno Fertilizer (I) * **.457 ** V*I ns 4.15 *.194 * Error II CV (%) ns, * nd ** : no signifint, signifint t 5% nd 1% of proility level, respetively Numer of row per er d e d d e f e VF VF1 VF2 VF3 V1F V1F1 V1F2 V1F3 V2F V2F1 V2F2 V2F3 Tretments Fig. 1. Men omprison intertion effet of different level of vermiompost nd iron Nno fertilizer on numer of row per er vi Dunn test t 1% proility level. V : nonuse of vermiompost, V 1 : 5 t.h -1 vermiompost, V 2 : 1 t.h -1 vermiompost, F : nonuse of iron Nno fertilizer, F 1 :.2 L.h -1 iron Nno fertilizer, F 2 :.4 L.h -1 iron Nno fertilizer, F 3 :.6 L.h -1 iron Nno fertilizer.

6 Rzmndeh et l, Response of Seed Yield, Its Components nd Lef Are Index 35 Some reserhers suh s Sujth et l. (28) onfirmed mentioned result, euse they showed tht the pplition of vermiompost y improving the physil properties of the soil to inrese sorption elements, improve the prodution led to inrese the numer of seeds per row nd numer of rows per er Numer of Seed per Row Result of nlysis of vrine showed effet of different level of vermiompost nd Nno iron fertilizer on numer of seed per row ws signifint t 1% proility level lso intertion effet of tretments ws signifint t 5% proility level (Tle 1). Aording result of men omprison of intertion effet of tretments mximum of numer of seed per row (49) ws otined for 1 t.h -1 vermiompost with.6 L.h -1 iron Nno fertilizer nd minimum of tht (29) ws for nonuse of vermiompost nd iron Nno fertilizer or ontrol tretments (Fig. 2). Numer of seed per row d d d d VF VF1 VF2 VF3 V1F V1F1 V1F2 V1F3 V2F V2F1 V2F2 V2F3 Tretments Fig. 2. Men omprison intertion effet of different level of vermiompost nd iron Nno fertilizer on numer of seed per row vi Dunn test t 1% proility level. V : nonuse of vermiompost, V 1 : 5 t.h -1 vermiompost, V 2 : 1 t.h -1 vermiompost, F : nonuse of iron Nno fertilizer, F 1 :.2 L.h -1 iron Nno fertilizer, F 2 :.4 L.h -1 iron Nno fertilizer, F 3 :.6 L.h -1 iron Nno fertilizer. Sinh et l. (21) reported pplition vermiompost inresed length nd dimeter of er, the numer of seeds per er nd numer of rows per er in orn. Other reserhers lso reported tht the pplition of vermiompost on rie led to n inrese in seed yield nd rie luster (Eftekhri et l., 26) Seed Weight Aording result of nlysis of vrine effet of different level of vermiompost nd Nno iron fertilizer on 1 seed weight ws signifint t 1% proility level lso intertion effet of tretments ws signifint t 5% proility level (Tle 1). Men omprison result of intertion effet of tretments showed mximum 1 seed weight (545 gr) ws noted for 1 t.h -1 vermiompost with.6 L.h -1 iron Nno fertilizer nd lowest one (189 gr) elonged to nonuse vermiompost with nonuse of iron Nno fertilizer or ontrol tretments (Fig. 3). 1 seed weight showed ondition nd length of reprodutive period of plnt, nd y initition of flowering nd ler numer of seeds per plnt, seeds egin to reeive nd store some of photosyntheti mterils.

7 Journl of Crop Nutrition Siene, 4(3): 3-42, Septemer seed weight (gr) d VF VF1 VF2 VF3 V1F V1F1 V1F2 V1F3 V2F V2F1 V2F2 V2F3 Tretments Fig. 3. Men omprison intertion effet of different level of vermiompost nd iron Nno fertilizer on seed weight vi Dunn test t 1% proility level. V : nonuse of vermiompost, V 1 : 5 t.h -1 vermiompost, V 2 : 1 t.h -1 vermiompost, F : nonuse of iron Nno fertilizer, F 1 :.2 L.h -1 iron Nno fertilizer, F 2 :.4 L.h -1 iron Nno fertilizer, F 3 :.6 L.h -1 iron Nno fertilizer. The inrese of 1 seed weight due to inrese in seed filling period is justifile nd shows positive effet of vermiompost on seed yield y inresing mount of photosyntheti trits stored during period of seed filling. The reserhers stted 1-seed weight s result of use vermiompost fertilizer showed positive effet of vermiompost on seed yield, resulting in inrese in mount of photosynthesis stored, resulting in inrese in weight of one thousnd seeds, nd pplition of vermiompost fertilizer led to inresed yield nd seed weight of sesme (Ghosh nd Mohiuddin, 2). In reserh on whet, it ws determined tht pplition of vermiompost fertilizer would inrese the seed weight of whet (Br- Tl et l., 24). Some reserhers reported inrese 1 seed weight due to pplition of iron Nno fertilizer due to optiml omintion of mironutrient nd min nutrient elements in reprodutive stges of plnt. Aville min elementl led to improve umultion of ssimiltes in seeds nd produe hevier seeds (Byordi nd Mmedov, 21). Inresing seed iron onentrtions ould result of improving prodution of ssimiltes from urrent photosynthesis nd desirle remoiliztion of mterils to seeds, whih ws onsistent with results of this study. Some reserhers reported pplition of vermiompost resulted in inresed seed yield nd seed weight in rie (Eftekhri et l., 26). Other reserhers reported tht use of iron Nno fertilizers on sesme seeds resulted in n inrese in the seed weight (Sheykhglou et l., 21) Seed Yield Result of ANOVA showed effet of different level of vermiompost nd Nno iron fertilizer on seed yield ws signifint t 1% proility level lso intertion effet of tretments ws signifint t 5% proility level (Tle 1). Aording result of men omprison of intertion effet of tretments mximum seed yield (6 gr.m -2 ) ws otined for 1 t.h -1 vermiompost with.6 L.h -1 iron Nno fertilizer nd minimum of tht (1331 gr.m -2 ) ws for ontrol tretments (Fig. 4).

8 Rzmndeh et l, Response of Seed Yield, Its Components nd Lef Are Index Seed yield (gr.m -2 ) h g f f ef e d 1 VF VF1 VF2 VF3 V1F V1F1 V1F2 V1F3 V2F V2F1 V2F2 V2F3 Tretments Fig. 4. Men omprison intertion effet of different level of vermiompost nd iron Nno fertilizer on seed yield vi Dunn test t 1% proility level. V : nonuse of vermiompost, V 1 : 5 t.h -1 vermiompost, V 2 : 1 t.h -1 vermiompost, F : nonuse of iron Nno fertilizer, F 1 :.2 L.h -1 iron Nno fertilizer, F 2 :.4 L.h -1 iron Nno fertilizer, F 3 :.6 L.h -1 iron Nno fertilizer. Considering the importne of hlorophyll in prodution nd diret reltionship etween this trit nd seed yield, reserhers elieve inresing mount of orgni fertilizers nd vermiompost in soil leds to inrese in nutrients suh s nitrogen, iron nd mgnesium, so mentioned nutrient hve importnt role for hlorophyll prodution, more vilility of nutrient for sink (seeds) nd improve rop prodution. The effet of vermiompost from to 1 t.h -1 on seed yield of orn showed seed yield inresed signifintly hd positive effet vermiompost on rop prodution euse of stored ssimiltes (Amynpoori et l., 215). The most importnt effet of iron pplition is inresing in rte of photosynthesis nd improving LAI, whih results in inresed seed yield ompred with ontrol (Singh, 2). Byordi nd Mmedov (21) reported iron Nno fertilizer pplition on nol led to improve seed yield. Also Nzri et l. (26) reported onsume orgni fertilizer led to inrese orn yield, whih onsisted result of urrent reserh Biologi Yield Aording result of nlysis of vrine effet of different level of vermiompost nd Nno iron fertilizer on iologi yield ws signifint t 1% nd 5% proility level, respetively, ut intertion effet of tretments ws not signifint (Tle 1). Among different level of vermiompost mximum iologi yield (1939 gr.m -2 ) ws otined for 1 t.h -1 vermiompost nd minimum of tht (1418 gr.m -2 ) ws for ontrol tretment (Fig.5). Compre different level of Nno iron fertilizer showed the mximum nd minimum mount of iologi yield elonged to use.6 L.h -1 iron Nno fertilizer (181 gr.m -2 ) nd ontrol tretment (154 gr.m -2 ) (Fig.6). Applition of vermiompost on whet inresed ontent of nutrients in lef nd resulted in improved photosynthesis nd iologil yield (Anwr et l., 25). The ddition of vermiompost to soil inresed vilility of the nutrients, nd lso improves the physil nd vitl proesses of the soil, nd provides optimum environment for root growth to inrese iologil yield.

9 Journl of Crop Nutrition Siene, 4(3): 3-42, Septemer Biologiy yield (gr.m -2 ) Nno iron fertilizer (gr.m -2 ) V V1 V2 Tretments Fig. 5. Men omprison effet of different level of vermiompost on iologi yield vi Dunn test t 1% proility level. V : nonuse of vermiompost, V 1 : 5 t.h -1 vermiompost, V 2 : 1 t.h -1 vermiompost. F F1 F2 F3 Tretments Fig. 6. Men omprison effet of different level of iron nno fertilizer on iologi yield vi Dunn test t 5% proility level. F : nonuse of iron Nno fertilizer, F 1 :.2 L.h -1 iron Nno fertilizer, F 2 :.4 L.h -1 iron Nno fertilizer, F 3 :.6 L.h -1 iron Nno fertilizer. Some reserhers reported tht the use of vermiompost (due to the presene of fungi, teri, yest, nd tinomyetes tht hve miroil tivity) improves the nutritionl elements through hormones suh s uxin, gierellin, ytokinin nd ethylene, hve positive effet on growth nd yield, so the use of 1 t.h -1 vermiompost inresed the iologil yield (Singh, 2). Some reserhers stted Nno iron fertilizer y inrese the seed weight nd hve positive effet on plnt height, whih leds to inresed iologil yield in sunflower (Erhimin nd Byordi, 211) Hrvest Index Result of nlysis of vrine showed effet of different level of vermiompost nd Nno iron fertilizer on hrvest index ws signifint t 1% proility level lso intertion effet of tretments ws signifint t 5% proility level (Tle 1). Men omprison result of intertion effet of tretments indited the mximum hrvest index (3%) ws noted for 1 t.h -1 vermiompost with.6 L.h -1 iron Nno fertilizer nd lowest one (12%) elonged to nonuse vermiompost with nonuse of iron Nno fertilizer or ontrol tretments (Fig. 7). Hrvest index indites the rte of photosyntheti distriution etween the reprodutive nd vegettive orgns, nd inditing the trnsfer of dry mtter to prt of the plnt tht is hrvested. The pplition of vermiompost fertilizer led to n inrese in hrvest index in sorghum euse of vermiompost hs positive effet on soil miro flor nd inresed soil Myorrhiz tivity (Cvender et l., 23). Zhng et l. (28) reported pplition iron Nno fertilizer leds to improve hrvest index Lef Are Index (LAI) Aording result of nlysis of vrine effet of different level of vermiompost nd Nno iron fertilizer on lef re index ws signifint t 1% proility level lso intertion effet of tretments ws signifint t 5% proility level (Tle 1). Men omprison result of intertion effet of tretments indited tht the mximum nd the minimum mount of lef re index elonged to 1 t.h -1 vermiompost with.6 L.h -1 iron Nno fertilizer

10 Rzmndeh et l, Response of Seed Yield, Its Components nd Lef Are Index 39 (5.81) nd ontrol tretments (1.82) (Fig.8). Providing nutrients needed for the plnt nd further developing the root system of the plnt to sor nutrients s well s modifying the soil fertility y using vermiompost fertilizer inreses the lef re index (Mghsudi et l., 212). Sinz et l. (28) reported the pplition of vermiompost led to inrese lef re index, hlorophyll nd yield of strwerry, lso nother reserhers Nzri et l. (26); Sinh et l. (21) nd Byordi nd Mmedov (21) reported sme result. Singh (2) reported the pplition of iron Nno fertilizer on nol resulted in n inrese in plnt height Hrvest index (%) h gh g f e d d d 5 VF VF1 VF2 VF3 V1F V1F1 V1F2 V1F3 V2F V2F1 V2F2 V2F3 Tretments Fig. 7. Men omprison intertion effet of different level of vermiompost nd iron Nno fertilizer on hrvest index vi Dunn test t 5% proility level. V : nonuse of vermiompost, V 1 : 5 t.h -1 vermiompost, V 2 : 1 t.h -1 vermiompost, F : nonuse of iron Nno fertilizer, F 1 :.2 L.h -1 iron Nno fertilizer, F 2 :.4 L.h -1 iron Nno fertilizer, F 3 :.6 L.h -1 iron Nno fertilizer. 7 6 Lef re index d d 1 VF VF1 VF2 VF3 V1F V1F1 V1F2 V1F3 V2F V2F1 V2F2 V2F3 Tretments Fig. 8. Men omprison intertion effet of different level of vermiompost nd iron Nno fertilizer on lef re index vi Dunn test t 1% proility level. V : nonuse of vermiompost, V 1 : 5 t.h -1 vermiompost, V 2 : 1 t.h -1 vermiompost, F : nonuse of iron Nno fertilizer, F 1 :.2 L.h -1 iron Nno fertilizer, F 2 :.4 L.h -1 iron Nno fertilizer, F 3 :.6 L.h -1 iron Nno fertilizer.

11 Journl of Crop Nutrition Siene, 4(3): 3-42, Septemer One of the resons for improving the plnt height, iron vilility in the growth stges is led to improve lef re index nd photosynthesis, whih is onsistent with the findings of urrent reserh. Br-Tl et l. (24) reported pplition of vermiompost fertilizer led to inrese lef re index nd hlorophyll index in whet, lso Mousvi et l. (29) reported sme result. 5. CONCLUSION Consume 1 t.h -1 vermiompost with.6 L.h -1 iron Nno fertilizer led to hieve highest mount of yield, its omponents, hrvest index nd lef re index nd n e dvie to frmers. ACKNOWLEDGMENT Authors thnk ollegues nd other prtiipnts, who took prt in the study. FOOTNOTES AUTHORS CONTRIBUTION: All uthors re eqully involved. CONFLICT OF INTEREST: Authors delred no onflit of interest. FUNDING/SUPPORT: This study ws done y support of Deprtment of Agronomy, Islmi Azd University, Ahvz Brnh. REFRENCES Amynpoori, S., M. Ovssi. nd E. Fthinejd Effet of vermiompost nd triple superphosphte on yield of orn. J. Exp. Biol. Agri. Si. 3(5): Anwr, M., D. Ptr, S. Chnd, K. Alpesh, A. Nqvi. nd S. Khnuj. 25. Effet of orgni mnures nd inorgni fertilizer on growth, her nd oil yield, nutrient umultion, nd oil qulity of Frenh sil. Comm. Soil Si. Plnt Anl. 36: Atiyeh, R. M., S. Suler, C. A. Edwrds, G. Bhmn, J. D Metzger. nd W. Shuster. 2. Effets of vermiompost nd omposts on plnt growth hortiulturl ontiner medi nd soil. J. Pedoiology. 44(5): Atiyeh, R. M., N. Q. Arnon, C. A. Edwrds. nd J. D. Metzger. 2. Influene of erthworm-proessed pig mnure on the growth nd yield of greenhouse tomtoes. Bio-Res. Teh. J. 75: Brker, A. V. nd D. J. Pilem. 26. Hndook of Plnt Nutrition. CRC Press. ISBN: Br-Tl, A., U. Yermiyhu, J. Berud, M. Keinn, R. Rosenerg, D. Zohr, V. Rosen. nd P. Fine. 24. Nitrogen, phosphorus, nd potssium uptke y whet nd their distriution in soil following suessive, nnul ompost pplitions. J. Environ. Qulity. 33: Bevqul, R. F. nd V. J. Mellm Sewge sludge ompost's umultive effets on rop growth nd soil properties. Compost Si. Utiliztion. pp Byordi, A. nd G. Mmedov. 21. Evlution of pplition methods effiieny of zin nd iron for nol. Notule Sienti Biologile. 2(1): Cvender, N., R. Atiyeh. nd M. Knee. 23. Vermiompost stimultes myorrhizl oloniztion of roots of sorghum iolor t the expense of plnt growth. Pedoiologi. J. 47: De Ros, M. C., C. Monrel, M. Shnitzer, R. Wlsh. nd Y. Sultn. 21. Nnotehnology in fertilizers. J. Nture Nno-Teh. 5(2): Erhimin, E. nd A. Byordi Effet of iron folir fertiliztion on growth seed nd oil yield of sunflower grown different irrigtion regimes. Middle Est J. Si. Res. 9(5): Eftekhri, S., A. Akri, A. Fllh Nosrt di, A. Mohddesi. nd C. Ddi. 26. Effet of phosphte soluilizing rhizoteri in ompre different

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