AGRICULTURAL SAMPLE SURVERY 2010/11 (2003 E.C) VOLUME V

Transcription

1 THE FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA CENTRAL STATISTICAL AGENCY AGRICULTURAL SAMPLE SURVERY 2010/11 (2003 E.C) VOLUME V REPORT ON AREA AND PRODUCTION OF BELG SEASON CROPS FOR PRIVATE PEASANT HOLDINGS ADDIS ABABA SEPTEMBER STATISTICAL BULLETIN 505

2 PAGE CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES II III I INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES OF THE SURVEY Introduction Objectives of te Survey 2 II SURVEY METHODOLOGY, DATA COLLECTION AND PROCESSING Coverage Sampling Frame Sample Design Selection Sceme Field Organization Training of Field Staff Metods of Data Collection Data Processing 6 a. Editing, Coding and Verification 6 b. Data Entry, Cleaning and Tabulation Basic Concepts and Definitions 7 III SUMMARY OF THE MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE SURVEY IV Statistical Tables Presenting Results at National and Regional Levels. 20 APPENDIX I 33 APPENDIX II 39 APPENDIX III 53

3 LIST OF TABELS Summary Table 1. Estimates of total area and production of major belg crops for private peasant oldings in Etiopia, 2010/11 (2003 E.C) 11 Summary Table 2, Total cropland area Cultivated Under of major crops for private peasant oldings in Etiopia bot seasons, 2010/11 (2003 E.C) 13 Summary Table 3, Total Production of major crops for private peasant oldings in Etiopia bot seasons, 2010/11(2003 E.C) 13 Summary Table 4 Estimates of Total Cropland Area and Production of Major Crops For all Sectors (Private Peasant &Commercial Farm Holdings) 2010/11 (2003 E.C.). 17

4 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Estimates of total area under major crops for private peasant oldings in Etiopia, bot seasons,2010/11 (2003 E.C) 14 Figure2. Estimates of total production of major crops for private peasant oldings in Etiopia, bot seasons, 2010/11 (2003 E.C) 15

5 CHAPTER I 1. INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES OF THE SURVEY 1.1 INTRODUCTION As it is true in most developing countries, in Etiopia, agriculture is te dominant sector of te economy. As a result, Etiopian agriculture contributes te lion sare of te Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and foreign currency earnings of te country from te sell of agricultural outputs abroad. Moreover, te sector creates employment opportunity to te majority of te country s population and at present nearly about 84 percent of te country s population depends on agriculture to sustain teir liveliood. Hence, as it ad been for centuries in te past, still being te leading sector at present, it is believed to remain being te determinant sector to play a dominant role to bring about an overall sustainable economic growt to te country, for te years to come. Tis would be materialized if and only if strenuous efforts are made by te government and te concerned stakeolders including te farmer, to increase productivity troug increased use of farm inputs suc as improved seed, and fertilizers and modernize te farm activity troug increased use of modern and improved farm implements and farming systems as well as troug te introduction of modern farming tecnology to te sector as a wole. In order to meet te goals mentioned above and pave te way for te concerned stakeolders to identify, plan, implement and monitor agricultural projects and developmental programs among oters, te availability and regular supply of reliable, compreensive and timely statistical information on te overall performance of te sector is considered essential for use as a primary input to teir planning purpose and related activities. To minimize te existing data gap and fulfill te demand of te stakeolders concerned, for te past tree decades, te Central Statistical Agency (CSA) as been conducting annual agricultural sample survey under wic four integrated sample surveys designed for te collection of agricultural information on te performances of te sector were launced all over te country and used to disseminate te survey results to ultimate users on annual basis. Te 2010/11 (2003 E.C.), Belg Season Crop Production Sample Survey, for wic tis report is meant for, is among te four integrated sample surveys launced on annual basis under te umbrella of te agricultural sample survey all over te country.

6 Tis report, wic is Volume V of te nine series of statistical reports on agriculture, presents quantitative results on crop land area, production, and yield of major Belg crops, grown during te 2010/11 Belg season by private peasant oldings as obtained from te results of te 2010/11 (2003 E.C.), Belg Season Crop Production Sample Survey. 1.2 Objectives of te Survey Te objectives of te 2010/11 (2003 E.C.), Belg Season Crop Production Sample Survey is to produce basic quantitative information on cropland area, production and yield of major Belg season crops, as well as to provide quantitative information on:- cropland area, production and yield of major belg season crops, and te extent and use of different farm management practices on belg season crops suc as fertilized crop land area and quantity of fertilizer used by crop and fertilizer type, irrigated crop land area, area under improved seed, pesticide treated cropland area etc. Te adequate and timely supply of tis information to ultimate users is terefore, important for use as a primary input in te process of policy formulation, designing developmental agricultural projects and programmes. Tis report, terefore, presents quantitative information on te above-mentioned major variables at country and regional levels.

7 CHAPTER II 2. SURVEY METHODOLOGY, DATA COLLECTION AND PROCESSING 2.1 COVERAGE Te 2010/11 (2003 E.C.) Annual Agricultural Sample Survey (Belg season) covered te entire rural parts of te country except te non-sedentary population of tree zones of Afar & six zones of Somali regions. Accordingly te survey took in to account of all parts of Harari, Dire Dawa, and actually 59 Zones / Special weredas (tat are treated as zones) of oter regions. To be covered by te survey, a total of around 2110 Enumeration Areas (EAs) were selected. However, due to some EAs weren t growing Belg season crops, in 934 EAs te survey could not be successful and ence interrupted. Tus, all in all te survey succeeded to cover 1176 EAs trougout te regions. Te Annual Agricultural Sample survey (Belg season) data was collected from 30 agricultural ouseolds selected from eac EA. 2.2 SAMPLING FRAME Te list containing EAs of all regions and teir respective ouseolds obtained from te 2007 Population and ousing Census Frame was used as te sampling frame in order to select te Primary Sampling Units (EAs). Consequently, all sample EAs were selected from tis frame based on te design proposed for te survey. Te second stage sampling units, ouseolds, were selected from a fres list of ouseolds tat were prepared for eac EA at te beginning of te survey. 2.3 SAMPLE DESIGN In order to select te sample a stratified two-stage cluster sample design was implemented. Enumeration areas (EAs) were taken to be te primary sampling units (PSUs) and te Secondary Sampling Units (SSUs) were agricultural ouseolds. Te sample size for te 2010/11agricultural sample survey was determined by taking into account of bot te required level of precision for te most important estimates witin eac domain and te amount of

8 resources allocated to te survey. In order to reduce non-sampling errors, manageability of te survey in terms of quality and operational control was also considered. Except Harari, and Dire Dawa, were eac region as a wole was taken to be te domain of estimation; eac zone of a region / special wereda was adopted as a stratum for wic major findings of te survey are reported. 2.4 SELECTION SCHEME Enumeration areas from eac stratum were selected systematically using probability proportional to size sampling tecnique; size being number of agricultural ouseolds. Te sizes for EAs were obtained from te 2007 Population and Housing census frame. From te fres list of ouseolds prepared at te beginning of te survey 30 agricultural ouseolds witin eac sample EA were selected systematically. Estimation procedure of totals, ratios, sampling error and te measurement of precision of estimates (CV) are given in Appendix-I and II respectively. Distribution of sampling units (sampled and covered EAs and ouseolds) by stratum is also presented in Appendix-III. 2.5 Field Organization Te Central Statistical Agency (CSA) Branc Statistical Office eads, field supervisors and enumerators, oter supporting staff and drivers were all involved in te field operation activities of te 2010/11 (2003 E.C.) Belg season Crop Production Sample survey. To accomplis te data collection activities, all field enumerators were equipped wit te necessary survey equipment (i.e. compass, programmable calculator, measuring tape etc). To assist wit te field work and data collection activities all available four-weel drive veicles were used for supervision and collection of completed questionnaires. 2.6 Training of Field Staff At te beginning of te survey year, te field staff-training program was carried out in two stages. Te first stage consisted of trainees from te ead office, branc statistical office eads, statisticians and some of te field supervisors for one week at Ambo University tat lasted 7 days. Tose trained in te first stage conducted similar training for field supervisors and enumerators for15 days in te 24 Branc Statistical Offices, wic are distributed all over te country. During te second stage training, te field staff were given detailed classroom

9 instruction on te objectives and uses of te Agricultural Sample Survey (AgSS), concepts, and definitions of terms used, te metod of area measurement, interviewing procedures, etc. Te enumerators and supervisors training also included a field practice to reinforce te procedures discussed in te classroom wit regard to field area measurement, use of te programmable calculator and crop-cutting tecniques. 2.7 Metods of Data Collection. Except cropland area of Major Belg Season crop, te data of wic collected objectively using compasses and measuring tape, te information on production of major Belg Season crops and agricultural practices (uses of fertilizer, pesticide, improved seed and irrigation) were subjectively collected by interviewing te olders of sampled ouseolds. Appendix II illustrates te total number of EAs and ouseolds reporting for te 2010/11 (2003 E.C.), Belg crop production by region. A major caracteristic of Etiopian agriculture is te existence of two well-known crop production seasons referred to as te Meer (or main) and Belg(sort rain) Seasons. Te generally accepted definition of te Meer season is tat of te long rainy season, wic normally occurs from June to September. Te Belg Season most often refers to small but timely rainy season, wic normally occurs from February to May but in limited areas of te country. Generally, te Meer Season rainy period provides ideal growing conditions for te longer maturing crops. Planting and arvest of Meer crops can extend to December or January in some areas. Most of te time olders rely on sort maturing crops for planting during te Belg rainy period and arvest of te crops is in June or July. A point of contention arises wit respect to te pure definition of te Belg crop. Belg cropping practices are eterogeneous across different parts of te country. Te nature of te sowing period also overlaps wit some of te Meer Season crops. Consequently, te report on Belg Season crops in te past faced a problem of a clearly defined growing period. It is important not to overlook or miss agricultural practices performed all year round due to use of irrigation or soil moister from sufficiently dried areas tat from time-to-time are swampy or marsy. To elp clarify te two-crop season, te following definition as been in use since 1987/88:

10 Belg Season Crops were defined as any crops tat are arvested during te monts of Marc to August, wile tose crops tat are arvested during September to February are considered Meer (main) season crops. Tis report consists of estimates of area, production and yield of major Belg Season crops for te year 2010/11 (2003 E.C.). Te data collection period for obtaining te area, production and agricultural practices of te Belg season crops was from Sene 1-15, 2003 E.C. (i.e. From June 8 to June 22, 2011). Data on area under Belg season crop are collected objectively using compass and measuring tapes, wile data on production of belg season crops were using subjective metod based on face-to-face interviewing of te older by te enumerator. Data on production of belg season crops are calculated from te condition factor data tat are collected directly from te sampled olders witin ouseold, peasant association cairpersons and development agents. Te enumerators were trained to systematically present te questions to te respondents on percentage canges using te local translation and meaning. Te enumerators were also trained on ow to use comparative associations to represent te concept of percentage canges and fill in te questionnaire. 2.8 Data Processing a. Editing, Coding and Verification To insure te quality of te collected survey data an editing, coding, and verification instruction manual was written, and 17 editors, data coders and verifiers were trained for one day to edit, code and verify te data using te aforementioned manual as a reference and teacing aid. Te enumerator completed edited and coded questionnaires sent to te ead office were torougly verified by trained verifiers on a 100% basis before te questionnaires were sent to te data entry unit. Te editing, coding, verification and manual cleaning of all questionnaires was completed in 15 days. b. Data Entry, Cleaning and Tabulation Before starting data entry computer edit specifications were prepared for use on personal computers, utilizing te CSPRO Software for data consistency cecking purposes. Te data on te coded questionnaires were ten entered into te CSPRO software on personal computers. Te

11 data was ten cecked and cleaned using te computer edit specifications prepared earlier for tis purpose. 77 data encoders and 4 supervisors were involved in tis total process and it took 19 days to complete te job. Finally, tabulation was done on personal computers to produce results as indicated in te tabulation plan. 2.9 Basic concepts and definitions For better understanding and ultimate use of te data presented in tis report, te definitions and concepts of tecnical terms and terminologies used for te collection of all types of data of te 2010/11 (2003 E.C.) Belg Seasons Crop Production Sample Survey is presented ere below: - Enumeration Area (EA): An Enumeration Area in rural parts of te Country is a locality tat is less tan or equal to a farmer s association area and usually it consists of ouseolds. Houseold:- A ouseold may be eiter; a) a one person ouseold, tat is a person wo makes provision for is own food or oter essentials for living witout combining wit any oter person to form part of a multi person ouseold or b) a multi person ouseold, tat is, a group of two or more persons wo live togeter and make common provision for food or oter essentials for living. Te persons in te group may pool teir incomes and ave a common budget to greater or lesser extent. Tey may be related unrelated persons, or a combination of bot. Agricultural Houseold:- A ouseold is considered an agricultural ouseold wen at least one member of te ouseold is engaged in growing crops and/or breeding and raising livestock in private or in partnersip wit oters. Holder:- A older is a person wo exercises management control over te operations of te agricultural olding and takes te major decision regarding te utilization of te available resources. He as tecnical and economic responsibility for te olding. He may operate te olding directly as an owner or as a manager. Under conditions of traditional agricultural olding te older may be regarded as te person, wo wit or witout elps, of oters, operates land or raises livestock in is own rigt, i.e. te

12 person wo decides on wat, wen were and ow to grow crops or raise livestock and as rigt to determine te utilization of te products. Holding: - A olding is all te land and livestock kept wic is used wolly or partly for agricultural production and is operated as one tecnical unit by one person alone, or wit oters, witout regard to title, legal form, size or location. Parcel: - A parcel of olding is any piece of land entirely surrounded by land, Water, road, forest, etc. wic is not part of te olding. It may consist of one or more cadastral units, plots or field adjacent to eac oter. Field: - A field is defined as any plot of land, wic is a parcel or part of a parcel under te same crop. Belg Season Crops: - are defined as any crops tat are arvested during te monts of Marc (Megabit) to August (Nease). Meer Season Crops: - are tose crops tat are arvested during September (Meskerem) to February (Yekatit) are considered as main (Meer) season crops. Irrigated area: - refers to te area of land purposely and actually provided wit water, oter tan by rain, for improving te production of crops. Te uncontrolled flooding of land by te over flow of rivers or streams is not categorized as irrigation practice altoug sometimes farmers use tis incidence for production. Improved Seed: is defined as crop variety, wic gives significantly iger yield, better quality and/or better benefit compared to traditional varieties of seeds, and usually produced by te Etiopian Seed Enterprise (ESE) in Etiopia. Fertilizer: - refers to anyting added to te soil intended to increase te amount of plant nutrients available for crop growt. Usually fertilizers are divided into two parts, Natural and commercial. Examples of natural fertilizers are farmyard manure and wood ases wile commercial fertilizers are DAP (Di-Ammonium pospate) and UREA (Ammonium Nitrate).

13 Pesticides: Pesticides are cemicals useful for te mitigation, control or elimination of pests wic are troublesome or armful to crop. Insecticides, erbicides and fungicides are all considered as pesticides.

14 CHAPTER III 3. SUMMARY OF THE MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE SURVEY. As it as been forecasted earlier by te Etiopian Metrological Agency and practically proved by farmers interviewed at teir farm gate during te survey field work, te overall performance of te 2010/11 (2003 E.C.) Belg season crop production activity was not good in all Belg Crop producing areas across te country. Te rain of Belg wic was abnormal and inadequate in its amount and distribution is among te major factors tat ad negative effect on te land preparation and sawing activities, and resulted te decreased Belg crop production as a wole. Consequently, considerable number of Belg season dependent farmers were in worse position tis year as compared to te previous year. Based on te facts mentioned above, te results of te 2010/11 (2003 E.C.) Belg season crop production sample survey revealed tat about 1,173, ectares of land was estimated to be covered by major Belg crops from wic a total production of 9,008, quintals was estimated to be arvested at country level. Out of te above mentioned total Belg season cropland area and total volume of production, cereals contributed te lion sare bot in cropped area coverage and volume of production i.e. about 934, ectares (79.70%) of te country total Belg cropland area) and about 8,080, quintals (89.70%) of te country total Production), followed by Pulses tat covered about 211, ectares (18.30%), wit a production of 912, quintals (10.13% ). (For details see Summary Table 1). Summary Table 1: Cropland Area and Production of Major Belg Crops: Private Peasant Holdings, 2010/11 (2003 E.C.). Country Level Crop Category Total Cropland Area Total Production in Hectare % In Quintals % Cereal 934, ,080, Pulses 211, , Oilseeds 26, , Grain Crops 1,173, ,008,

15 To give bird s eye view on te performance of te 2010/11 Crop production Year, te total estimated Cropland Area and production of Major Crops for all sectors [Private peasant & Commercial Farm oldings] during Main (Meer) and Belg Seasons of te Year is presented as follows;- Grain Cropped Area in Ha Volume of Production in Qts Private oldings in 2010/11 Meer Season 11,822, ,485, Private oldings in 2010/11 Belg Season 1,173, ,008, Commercial farms in 2010/11 Meer Season 452, ,327, Commercial farms in 2010/11 Belg Season - - Grand Total 13,448, ,820, Te details of te above mentioned estimates are presented in Summary Table Estimates of te 2010/11(2003 E.C) Total Cropland Area and Production of Major Crops Bot Seasons (Meer and Belg) Te year 2010/11(2003 E.C.) total cropland area and production of major crops during bot seasons, was estimated to be 12,995, ectares and 212,493, quintals, respectively. Out of te above mentioned totals, cereals covered about 10,625, ectares (81.76% of te total cropland area covered during bot seasons) wit a production of 185,694, quintals (87.39 %) of te total volume of production of te year); Wile Pulses and Oilseeds covered about 1,568,984.66; 801, ectares wic accounted for about 12.07% and 6.16% of te total cropland area, respectively. (For te details see Summary Tables 2 and 3).

16 Summary Table 2. Cropland Area under Major Crops; Private Peasant Holdings 2010/11 (2003 E.C.), Bot Seasons: Country Level Total Cropland Area in Hectares during Meer Season Belg Season Bot seasons Total Crop Type Area in Ha % Area in Ha % Area in Ha % Cereal 9,690, , ,625, Pulses 1,357, , ,568, Oilseeds 774, , , Total 11,822, ,173, ,995, Moreover, since Meer is a long rainy season almost 80 to 90 % of te private peasant farmers perform teir crop production activities during tis season. As a matter tis fact, out of te total cropland area cultivated under major crops during te 2010/11(2003 E.C.) production year, Cropland area cultivated under major crops during Meer Season was found to be te igest i.e, 11,822, ectares. Summary Table 3 Total Production of Major Crops Harvested by Private Peasant Holdings; 2010/11 (2003 E.C.), Bot Seasons: Country Level Total Production in Quintals, Harvested during Meer Season Belg Season Bot seasons Total Crop Type Prod. in Qts % Prod. in Qts % in (000) Qts % Cereal 177,613, ,080, ,694, Pulses 19,531, , ,444, Oilseeds 6,339, , ,354, Total 203,485, ,007, ,493,

17 contributing about 90.97% to te total cropland area coverage, wit a total production of 203,485, quintals( 95.76%) at country level. Wile Belg season contributes te remaining about 9.03% ( i.e. 1,173, ectares) to te total cropland area wit about 4.24 % (i.e 9,007, quintal sare from te total production volume reported at country level (For te details see Figs 1 and 2).

18 NOTES: - 1. Some estimates in all reporting levels are excluded due to ig coefficient of variations. Neverteless, tey are incorporated in te total estimates. Hence te sum of te specific estimates may not be equal to te total estimates. 2. Users are also advised to use tose estimates wit 30-50% coefficient of variation (CV) cautiously 3. Even toug area is reported for some crops in some reporting levels, no production data is available suc cases are designated by Not Stated (NS). On te oter and, in all tables - labeled for data not available totally.

19 Summary Table 4. Estimates of Total Cropland Area and Production of major crops for all sectors (private peasant and Commercial farm oldings) For main (Meer) and Belg Seasons of 2010/11 (2003 E.C) Crop Production year Etiopia Crop Production Seasons and Sectors Total Cropland Area in Hectare all sectors Crop Total production in Quintals all sectors Crop Main (Meer) Belg Land Area in Main (Meer) Belg Production in Qts Crop Name Private H Commercial F Private H Hectare Private H Commercial F Private H Grain Crops 11,822, , ,173, ,448, ,485, ,327, ,008, ,820, Cereals... 9,690, , , ,807, ,613, ,112, ,080, ,807, Teff... 2,761,190 8, , ,847, ,834, , , ,394, Barley... 1,046,555 1, , ,210, ,033, , ,127, ,200, Weat... 1,553,240 45, , ,670, ,556, ,504, , ,768, Maize... 1,963,180 59, , ,573, ,861, ,843, ,258, ,963, Sorgum... 1,897,734 61, , ,017, ,598, ,490, , ,491, Finger millet , , , ,348, , , ,357, Oats/'Aja'... 30, , , , , , Rice... 29, , * 904, , * 1,004, Pulses... 1,357,523 13, , ,582,030 19,531, , , ,657, Horse beans , , , ,977, , , ,007, Field peas , , , ,570, , ,618, Haricot beans ,366 5, , , ,402, , , ,335, Cick-peas ,389 2, , , ,228, , , ,289, Lentils... 77, , , , * Vetc , , , ,009, ,009, Soya beans... 11,261 3, * , Fenugreek... 14, , , , * 179, Gibto... 14, * 14, , Oilseeds , , , ,058,595 6,339, ,001, , ,356, Neug , , * 249, ,448, , ,463, Linseed... 73, , * Groundnuts... 49, * 50, , , * 729, Sunflower... 5, * 5, , , Sesame , , , ,277, ,954, , ,246, Rapeseed... 13,455 1, , , , ,980.61

20 National and Regional Statistical Tables

21 Table 5. Cropland Area, Production and Yield of Major Belg Crops For Private Peasant Holdings For Belg Season 2010/11 (2003 E.C.) National Number of Holders Cropland Area In Hectares % Production In Quintals % Yield QT/Hec Crop Name Grain Crops 4,298,094 1,173, ,008, Cereals... 3,898, , ,080, Teff ,661 77, , Barley , , ,127, Weat ,060 71, , Maize... 3,188, , ,258, Sorgum ,557 57, , Finger millet... 19,107 1, , Oats/'Aja'... 68,421 12, , Rice... * * * * * * Pulses... 2,307, , , Horse beans... 69,016 3, , Field peas... 66,126 7, , Haricot beans... 2,141, , , Cick-peas... 42,885 6, , Lentils... 61,436 7, * * * Vetc... 19,579 3, Soya beans... 1,360 * * Fenugreek... 19,382 1, * * * Gibto... * * * Oilseeds ,673 26, , Neug... * * * Linseed... 6, * * * Groundnuts... 17,090 * * * * * Sunflower... * * * Sesame... 59,235 23, , Rapeseed... 14,

22 Table 6. Cropland Area, Production and Yield of Major Belg Crops For Private Peasant Holdings For Belg Season 2010/11 (2003 E.C.) Tigray Region Number of Holders Cropland Area In Hectares % Production In Quintals % Yield QT/Hec Crop Name Grain Crops 24,002 5, , Cereals... 21,133 4, * * Teff... 9,656 2, , Barley... * * * * * * Weat... * * * * * * Maize... * * * * * * Sorgum Finger millet Oats/'Aja' Rice Pulses... * * * * * Horse beans Field peas... * * * Haricot beans Cick-peas... * * * * * * Lentils... * * * Vetc... * * * Soya beans Fenugreek * * Gibto Oilseeds Neug Linseed Groundnuts Sunflower Sesame Rapeseed

23 Table 7. Cropland Area, Production and Yield of Major Belg Crops For Private Peasant Holdings For Belg Season 2010/11 (2003 E.C.) Afar Region Number of Holders Cropland Area In Hectares % Production In Quintals % Yield QT/Hec Crop Name Grain Crops 12,987 * * * * Cereals... 11,726 * * * * Teff... * * * Barley Weat Maize... 10,599 * * * * * Sorgum Finger millet Oats/'Aja' Rice Pulses... * * * - - Horse beans Field peas Haricot beans... * * * Cick-peas... * * * Lentils Vetc Soya beans Fenugreek Gibto Oilseeds Neug Linseed Groundnuts Sunflower Sesame Rapeseed

24 Table 8. Cropland Area, Production and Yield of Major Belg Crops For Private Peasant Holdings For Belg Season 2010/11 (2003 E.C.) Amara Region Number of Holders Cropland Area In Hectares % Production In Quintals % Yield QT/Hec Crop Name Grain Crops 447, , , Cereals , , , Teff... 90,440 16, , Barley ,844 68, , Weat... 60,682 6, , Maize... 85,115 8, , Sorgum... * * * Finger millet... * * * Oats/'Aja'... 16,270 1, Rice Pulses ,745 33, , Horse beans... 1,773 * * Field peas... 16,396 1, Haricot beans... 52,013 17, , Cick-peas... 34,887 5, , Lentils... 44,060 5, Vetc... 16,977 * * Soya beans Fenugreek... 10,570 * * * * * Gibto Oilseeds... 7,138 * * - - Neug Linseed... 3, Groundnuts Sunflower... * * * Sesame... * * * Rapeseed... * * * - - -

25 Table 9. Cropland Area, Production and Yield of Major Belg Crops For Private Peasant Holdings For Belg Season 2010/11 (2003 E.C.) Oromia Region Number of Holders Cropland Area In Hectares % Production In Quintals % Yield QT/Hec Crop Name Grain Crops 1,928, , ,299, Cereals... 1,733, , ,842, Teff ,530 43, , Barley ,571 78, , Weat ,833 63, , Maize... 1,431, , ,733, Sorgum ,493 33, , Finger millet... * * * Oats/'Aja'... 51,554 11, , Rice... * * * Pulses ,625 80, , Horse beans... 33,822 2, , Field peas... 39,634 5, , Haricot beans ,763 69, , Cick-peas... * * * Lentils... 15,838 1, * * * Vetc... 1,721 * * Soya beans... * * * Fenugreek... 6, Gibto Oilseeds... 50,107 16, * * Neug Linseed... * * * * * * Groundnuts... * * * Sunflower... * * * Sesame... 34,909 15, Rapeseed... 11,733 * * - - -

26 Table 10. Cropland Area, Production and Yield of Major Belg Crops For Private Peasant Holdings For Belg Season 2010/11 (2003 E.C.) Somale Region Number of Holders Cropland Area In Hectares % Production In Quintals % Yield QT/Hec Crop Name Grain Crops 30,094 14, , Cereals... 30,094 14, , Teff Barley Weat... * Maize... 29,852 13, , Sorgum... * * * Finger millet... * * * Oats/'Aja' Rice... * * * Pulses... 1,902 * * * * Horse beans Field peas Haricot beans... 1,902 * * * * * Cick-peas Lentils Vetc Soya beans Fenugreek Gibto Oilseeds... * * * - - Neug Linseed Groundnuts... * * * Sunflower Sesame Rapeseed

27 Table 11. Cropland Area, Production and Yield of Major Belg Crops For Private Peasant Holdings For Belg Season 2010/11 (2003 E.C.) Bensangul-Gumuz Region Number of Holders Cropland Area In Hectares % Production In Quintals % Yield QT/Hec Crop Name Grain Crops 35,616 4, , Cereals... 28,525 1, , Teff... * * * Barley Weat Maize... 28,191 1, , Sorgum... 1, Finger millet Oats/'Aja' Rice Pulses... 32,926 2, , Horse beans... * * * * * * Field peas... * * * Haricot beans... 32,857 2, , Cick-peas Lentils Vetc... * * * Soya beans Fenugreek Gibto Oilseeds... * * * - - Neug Linseed Groundnuts... * * * Sunflower Sesame Rapeseed

28 Table 12. Cropland Area, Production and Yield of Major Belg Crops For Private Peasant Holdings For Belg Season 2010/11 (2003 E.C.) (S.N.N.P.R) Region Number of Holders Cropland Area In Hectares % Production In Quintals % Yield QT/Hec Crop Name Grain Crops 1,782, , ,773, Cereals... 1,637, , ,371, Teff... 61,691 14, , Barley ,860 13, , Weat... 11,750 1, , Maize... 1,563, , ,065, Sorgum ,050 22, , Finger millet... 14,220 1, , Oats/'Aja'... * * * Rice... * * * * * * Pulses... 1,196,112 91, , Horse beans... 33,031 1, , Field peas... 8, Haricot beans... 1,174,168 89, , Cick-peas... 1, Lentils * Vetc... * * * Soya beans... * * * Fenugreek... 1, * Gibto... * * * Oilseeds... 42,204 8, * * Neug... * * * Linseed... 1,558 * * Groundnuts... 14,631 * * * * * Sunflower... 2, Sesame... 22,349 6, Rapeseed... 2,511 * * - - -

29 Table 13. Cropland Area, Production and Yield of Major Belg Crops For Private Peasant Holdings For Belg Season 2010/11 (2003 E.C.) Gambella Region Number of Holders Cropland Area In Hectares % Production In Quintals % Yield QT/Hec Crop Name Grain Crops 28,799 8, , Cereals... 28,099 6, , Teff... * * * Barley... * * * Weat Maize... 27,932 6, , Sorgum... * * * Finger millet * * Oats/'Aja' Rice * * Pulses... 6, * * Horse beans... * * * Field peas Haricot beans... 6, * * * Cick-peas Lentils Vetc Soya beans Fenugreek Gibto Oilseeds... 2, , Neug Linseed Groundnuts... * * * Sunflower Sesame... 1, , Rapeseed

30 Table 14. Cropland Area, Production and Yield of Major Belg Crops For Private Peasant Holdings For Belg Season 2010/11 (2003 E.C.) Harari Region Number of Holders Cropland Area In Hectares % Production In Quintals % Yield QT/Hec Crop Name Grain Crops 6, , Cereals... 5, , Teff Barley Weat... * * * Maize... 3, , Sorgum... 3, Finger millet Oats/'Aja' Rice Pulses... 4, , Horse beans Field peas Haricot beans... 4, , Cick-peas Lentils Vetc Soya beans Fenugreek Gibto Oilseeds... * * * - - Neug... * * * Linseed Groundnuts... * * * Sunflower Sesame Rapeseed

31 Table 15. Cropland Area, Production and Yield of Major Belg Crops For Private Peasant Holdings For Belg Season 2010/11 (2003 E.C.) DireDawa Region Number of Holders Cropland Area In Hectares % Production In Quintals % Yield QT/Hec Crop Name Grain Crops 2,385 * * - - Cereals... 2,285 * * - - Teff Barley Weat Maize... 2,045 * * Sorgum * Finger millet Oats/'Aja' Rice Pulses * * - - Horse beans Field peas Haricot beans * * Cick-peas Lentils Vetc Soya beans Fenugreek Gibto Oilseeds... * * * - - Neug Linseed Groundnuts... * * * Sunflower Sesame... * * * Rapeseed

32 APPENDIX I Estimation Procedures of Totals, Ratios and Sampling Errors

33 APPENDIX I Estimation Procedures of Totals, Ratios and Sampling Errors Te following formulas were used to estimate total area of land under specific crop and production of specific crop in a stratum. 1. For estimating Total Area of Land under Specific Crop: n n = i A Wi aij = i= 1 j= 1 i= 1 M H i in wic, W i = is te basic weigt. n m i i W Were: represents te stratum is te total number of sample EAs successfully covered in te t stratum. n i a i M is te measure of size of te t stratum as obtained from te sampling frame. m i is te measure of size of te i t sample EA in te t stratum obtained from te sampling frame. H i is te total number of agricultural ouseolds of te i t sample EA in te t stratum. i is te number of sample agricultural ouseolds successfully covered in te i t sample EA in te t stratum. a ij is te value of area for agricultural ouseold j, in te i t EA in te t strtatum under a a i  specific crop. is te sample total area under specific crop for EA i in stratum estimate of total area under specific crop in stratum

34 2. For estimating Total Production under Specific Crop: Ρˆ = n W i i= 1 Ρ i in wic, Ρ i = a * Y i i Were, Y i is average yield per square meter of a specific crop in te i t EA in te t stratum. Ρˆ is estimate of total quantity of production of a specific crop in te t stratum. Ρ i is estimate of total quantity of production under specific crop for EA i in stratum. 3. Sampling Variance of Estimates: Sampling variance for te estimate of stratum total of area, production and yield for a specific crop are estimated by te following formulas. Var( Aˆ ) = (1 n f ) n 1 n i= 1 Aˆ i A n 2 + f n i= 1 (1 f i i ) i 1 i j= 1 Aˆ ij Aˆ i i 2 n ( ˆ n ˆ ) (1 ) ˆ (1 ) i n Ρ i Var Ρ + ˆ 1 = 1 = 1 1 = f Ρi f f i Ρ n i n i i j= 1 2 ij Ρˆ i i 2 Were, f = average first stage probability of selection of EAs witin stratum. i f i = = average second stage probability of selection witin te i t sample EA in stratum. H i A ˆ, Ρˆ are weigted total area and production, respectively, of a specific crop in te i t EA and t i i stratum.

35 A ˆ, Ρˆ are weigted values of area and production, respectively, from j t agricultural ouseold ij ij in te i t EA and t stratum under a specific crop. Since all strata are independent, te total variance at regional and country level is computed by aggregating te result obtained at Zone/Special Wereda level, i.e. L L ( Aˆ) = Var( Aˆ, ( Ρˆ ) = Var ) Var Var( ˆ ) Were, L is te number of strata (Zone/Special Wereda). P In estimating te sampling variance by te above formula, selection of EAs witin a stratum is assumed to be wit replacement. By so doing te variance estimate may be sligtly over estimated but it greatly simplifies te estimation procedure. 5. Coefficient of Variation (CV) of Estimates: Coefficient of Variation (CV) in percentage of estimate of stratum total of area and production for a specific crop are given by: CV ( Aˆ ) = Var( Aˆ Aˆ ) *100, CV (ˆ Ρ ) = Var(ˆ Ρ Ρˆ ) *100, 6. Ninety-five percent confidence interval (CI) of stratum total of area: of area. A ˆ ± 1.96 * SE( ˆ ), A Were SE Aˆ ) = Var( Aˆ ) is standard error of te estimate of te stratum total ( Estimates of standard error and confidence interval for te oter estimates can also be calculated by adopting te above formulas.

36 Appendix II Standard Error and Coefficient of Variation for Area and Expected Production

37 Appendix. Standard Errors and Coefficient of Variation For te Estimates of Number of olders, Area and Production of major Crops, 2010/11(2003 E.C) agricultural Sample Survey, Belg Season National Crop Holders Area Production Estimate S.E. C.V.in % Hectares S.E. C.V.in % Quintals S.E C.V.in % Grain Crops 4,298,094 77, ,173, , ,008, , Cereals... 3,898,164 79, , , ,080, , Teff ,661 29, , , , , Barley ,497 40, , , ,127, , Weat ,060 24, , , , , Maize... 3,188,975 79, , , ,258, , Sorgum ,557 20, , , , , Finger millet... 19,107 4, , , , Oats/'Aja'... 68,421 11, , , , , Rice... * * * * * * * * * Pulses... 2,307,874 74, , , , , Horse beans... 69,016 7, , , , , Field peas... 66,126 9, , , , , Haricot beans... 2,141,953 73, , , , , Cick-peas... 42,885 9, , , , , Lentils... 61,436 12, , , * * * Vetc... 19,579 6, , , Soya beans... 1, * * * Fenugreek... 19,382 3, , * * * Gibto... * * * * * * Oilseeds ,673 15, , , , , Neug... * * * * * * Linseed... 6,659 1, * * * Groundnuts... 17,090 4, * * * * * * Sunflower... * * * * * * Sesame... 59,235 12, , , , , Rapeseed... 14,606 5,

38 Standard Errors and Coefficient of Variation For te Estimates of Number of olders, Area and Production of major Crops, 2010/11(2003 E.C) agricultural Sample Survey, Belg Season Tigray Region Crop Holders Area Production Estimate S.E. C.V.in % Hectares S.E. C.V.in % Quintals S.E C.V.in % Grain Crops 24,002 4, , , , , Cereals... 21,133 4, , , * * * Teff... 9,656 4, , , , Barley... * * * * * * * * * Weat... * * * * * * * * * Maize... * * * * * * * * * Sorgum Finger millet Oats/'Aja' Rice Pulses... * * * * * * * * * Horse beans Field peas... * * * * * * Haricot beans Cick-peas... * * * * * * * * * Lentils... * * * * * * Vetc... * * * * * * Soya beans Fenugreek * * * Gibto Oilseeds Neug Linseed Groundnuts Sunflower Sesame Rapeseed

39 Standard Errors and Coefficient of Variation For te Estimates of Number of olders, Area and Production of major Crops, 2010/11(2003 E.C) agricultural Sample Survey, Belg Season Afar Region Crop Holders Area Production Estimate S.E. C.V.in % Hectares S.E. C.V.in % Quintals S.E C.V.in % Grain Crops 12,987 3, * * * * * * Cereals... 11,726 3, * * * * * * Teff... * * * * * * Barley Weat Maize... 10,599 3, * * * * * * Sorgum Finger millet Oats/'Aja' Rice Pulses... * * * * * * Horse beans Field peas Haricot beans... * * * * * * Cick-peas... * * * * * * Lentils Vetc Soya beans Fenugreek Gibto Oilseeds Neug Linseed Groundnuts Sunflower Sesame Rapeseed

40 Standard Errors and Coefficient of Variation For te Estimates of Number of olders, Area and Production of major Crops, 2010/11(2003 E.C) agricultural Sample Survey, Belg Season Amara Region Crop Holders Area Production Estimate S.E. C.V.in % Hectares S.E. C.V.in % Quintals S.E C.V.in % Grain Crops 447,196 20, , , , , Cereals ,491 22, , , , , Teff... 90,440 18, , , , , Barley ,844 25, , , , , Weat... 60,682 13, , , , , Maize... 85,115 13, , , , , Sorgum... * * * * * * Finger millet... * * * * * * Oats/'Aja'... 16,270 5, , Rice Pulses ,745 15, , , , , Horse beans... 1, * * * Field peas... 16,396 4, , Haricot beans... 52,013 11, , , , , Cick-peas... 34,887 8, , , , , Lentils... 44,060 10, , , Vetc... 16,977 6, * * * Soya beans Fenugreek... 10,570 3, * * * * * * Gibto Oilseeds... 7,138 3, * * * Neug Linseed... 3,613 1, Groundnuts Sunflower... * * * * * * Sesame... * * * * * * Rapeseed... * * * * * * - - -

41 Standard Errors and Coefficient of Variation For te Estimates of Number of olders, Area and Production of major Crops, 2010/11(2003 E.C) agricultural Sample Survey, Belg Season Oromia Region Crop Holders Area Production Estimate S.E. C.V.in % Hectares S.E. C.V.in % Quintals S.E C.V.in % Grain Crops 1,928,419 65, , , ,299, , Cereals... 1,733,173 66, , , ,842, , Teff ,530 20, , , , , Barley ,571 27, , , , , Weat ,833 20, , , , , Maize... 1,431,322 68, , , ,733, , Sorgum ,493 17, , , , , Finger millet... * * * * * * Oats/'Aja'... 51,554 9, , , , , Rice... * * * * * * Pulses ,625 62, , , , , Horse beans... 33,822 7, , , , , Field peas... 39,634 8, , , , , Haricot beans ,763 61, , , , , Cick-peas... * * * * * * Lentils... 15,838 5, , * * * Vetc... 1, * * * Soya beans... * * * * * * Fenugreek... 6,509 1, Gibto Oilseeds... 50,107 12, , , * * * Neug Linseed... * * * * * * * * * Groundnuts... * * * * * * Sunflower... * * * * * * Sesame... 34,909 11, , , Rapeseed... 11,733 4, * * * - - -